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US20160195983A1 - Touch panel - Google Patents

Touch panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160195983A1
US20160195983A1 US14/882,854 US201514882854A US2016195983A1 US 20160195983 A1 US20160195983 A1 US 20160195983A1 US 201514882854 A US201514882854 A US 201514882854A US 2016195983 A1 US2016195983 A1 US 2016195983A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
substrate
display
layer
touch panel
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/882,854
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Miyake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd filed Critical Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Assigned to SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO., LTD. reassignment SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIYAKE, HIROYUKI
Publication of US20160195983A1 publication Critical patent/US20160195983A1/en
Priority to US16/861,280 priority Critical patent/US11747938B2/en
Priority to US18/237,078 priority patent/US20230393688A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04166—Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
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    • G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
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    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0443—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a single layer of sensing electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0448—Details of the electrode shape, e.g. for enhancing the detection of touches, for generating specific electric field shapes, for enhancing display quality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
    • H01L29/7869—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
    • H10K59/1213—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements the pixel elements being TFTs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/805—Electrodes
    • H10K59/8051—Anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/805—Electrodes
    • H10K59/8052—Cathodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to an input device.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to an input/output device. In particular, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a touch panel.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
  • Examples of the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention include a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a storage device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device, an input/output device, a driving method thereof, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a semiconductor device generally means a device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
  • a semiconductor element such as a transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, and a memory device are each an embodiment of a semiconductor device.
  • An imaging device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device, an input device, an input/output device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin film solar cell, an organic thin film solar cell, and the like), and an electronic device may each include a semiconductor device.
  • a display device provided with a touch sensor as a position-input device has been in practical use.
  • a display device provided with a touch sensor is called a touch panel, a touch screen, or the like (hereinafter also referred to simply as a touch panel).
  • a smartphone and a tablet terminal are examples of a portable information terminal provided with a touch panel.
  • Examples of the display device include, typically, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device including a light-emitting element such as an organic electroluminescent (EL) element or a light-emitting diode (LED), and electronic paper performing display by an electrophoretic method or the like.
  • a liquid crystal display device a light-emitting device including a light-emitting element such as an organic electroluminescent (EL) element or a light-emitting diode (LED), and electronic paper performing display by an electrophoretic method or the like.
  • EL organic electroluminescent
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a display device using organic EL elements.
  • a pressure-sensitive sensor array or a capacitive sensor array is provided so as to overlap with a display panel, for example; by touching a substrate of the sensor array with a finger or an input pen (also referred to as a stylus), the touched position is sensed.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a structure of a touch panel in which a touch sensor is provided on a display screen of an electroluminescence display device.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2002-324673
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2000-172444
  • a touch sensor with higher sensitivity is required.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an input device or an input/output device with higher sensing accuracy. Another object is to provide an input device or an input/output device with higher detection sensitivity. Another object is to provide a novel input device or a novel input/output device.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a touch panel including a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a plurality of display elements, and a scan line.
  • the first conductive layer has an outline including a first portion that is linear and parallel to a first direction.
  • the second conductive layer has an outline including a second portion that is linear and parallel to the first direction. The first portion and the second portion face each other.
  • the display element is in a position not overlapping with the first conductive layer nor the second conductive layer.
  • the scan line has a portion extending in a second direction. An angle between the first direction and the second direction is greater than or equal to 30° and less than or equal to 60°.
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer each have a lattice shape where strips parallel to the first direction and strips parallel to a direction perpendicular to the first direction intersect with each other with openings between them.
  • the opening and the display element preferably overlap with each other.
  • the display element preferably has a polygonal shape whose two sides are parallel to the first direction in the plan view.
  • the above touch panel preferably includes a first substrate and a second substrate that sandwich the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, the display element, and the scan line. It is preferable that a light-blocking layer capable of blocking visible light be further included.
  • the first substrate be provided with the display element and the scan line
  • the second substrate be provided with the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the light-blocking layer.
  • the light-blocking layer is preferably between the first conductive layer and the second substrate, and between the second conductive layer and the second substrate.
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are preferably in the same plane.
  • a distance between the first portion and the second portion is preferably greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 10 mm.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a touch panel module including the above touch panel and an FPC.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the above touch panel or the above touch panel module, and at least one of an antenna, a button, a battery, a speaker, a microphone, and a lens.
  • an input device or an input/output device with higher sensing accuracy can be provided.
  • an input device or an input/output device with higher detection sensitivity can be provided.
  • a novel input device or a novel input/output device can be provided.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B each illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B each illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7C each illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B each illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9F each illustrate a structure example of an input device of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 11A to 11F each illustrate a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 13A to 13D each illustrate a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a structure example of a touch panel of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 28A and 28B are a block diagram and a timing chart of a touch sensor of one embodiment.
  • FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram of a touch sensor of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 30A and 30B illustrate a pixel provided with a touch sensor of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 31A and 31B illustrate operation of a touch sensor and a pixel of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 32A to 32H illustrate examples of electronic devices and lighting devices of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 33A to 331 illustrate examples of electronic devices of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 34A to 34E illustrate examples of electronic devices of one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 35A to 35C illustrate examples of electronic devices of one embodiment.
  • a transistor is a kind of semiconductor elements and can achieve amplification of current or voltage, switching operation for controlling conduction or non-conduction, or the like.
  • a transistor in this specification is an insulated-gate field effect transistor (IGFET) or a thin film transistor (TFT), for example.
  • IGFET insulated-gate field effect transistor
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • a capacitive touch sensor is used as the touch sensor of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a touch panel has a function of displaying or outputting an image or the like on or to a display surface and a function as a touch sensor capable of detecting contact or proximity of an object such as a finger or a stylus on or to the display surface. Therefore, the touch panel is an embodiment of an input/output device.
  • a structure in which a connector such as a flexible printed circuit (FPC) or a tape carrier package (TCP) is attached to a substrate of a touch panel, or a structure in which an integrated circuit (IC) is directly mounted on a substrate by a chip on glass (COG) method is referred to as a touch panel module or simply referred to as a touch panel in some cases.
  • a capacitive touch sensor that can be used for one embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of conductive layers.
  • a capacitor is formed in the pair of conductive layers.
  • the capacitance of the pair of conductive layers changes when an object touches or gets close to the pair of conductive layers. Utilizing this effect, detection can be conducted.
  • Examples of the capacitive touch sensor are a surface capacitive touch sensor and a projected capacitive touch sensor.
  • Examples of a projected capacitive touch sensor are a self-capacitive touch sensor and a mutual capacitive touch sensor. The use of a mutual capacitive touch sensor is preferable because multiple points can be detected simultaneously.
  • the two conductive layers each have an outline including linear portions when viewed in a plan view.
  • the linear portions of the two conductive layers face and are parallel to each other.
  • the capacitance between the two conductive layers can be increased.
  • electrical lines of force generated when a potential difference is applied between the two conductive layers are distributed at a uniform density. Therefore, the difference of detection sensitivity depending on positions can be reduced. Thus, a touch sensor with higher sensing accuracy can be obtained.
  • the touch panel of one embodiment of the present invention includes the touch sensor and a display panel (a display device) that displays an image.
  • the touch sensor is provided to overlap with a display surface of the display panel.
  • a display element of the display panel and the pair of conductive layers of a touch sensor be provided without overlapping with each other.
  • a decrease of luminance of an image displayed on the touch panel can be prevented, and the touch panel can have higher visibility. Furthermore, power consumption can be reduced.
  • the direction of the linear portions of the pair of conductive layers is preferably inclined at approximately 45° to a horizontal direction or a perpendicular direction of a display image displayed on the display panel.
  • an angle between an extending direction of a scan line (also referred to as a gate line) in the display panel and a direction of the linear portion of the conductive layer is preferably greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 50°.
  • the pair of conductive layers preferably has a lattice (mesh) shape; such a structure can increase the conductivity of the conductive layers.
  • a lattice (mesh) shape it is preferable that there be portions extending in a direction parallel to the linear portion and portions extending in a direction perpendicular to the linear portion in the lattice shape.
  • the display element When the pair of conductive layers has a lattice shape, an opening of the lattice and the display element preferably overlap with each other in a plan view.
  • the display element preferably has a polygonal outline including a side parallel to the extending direction of the portion of the lattice in a plan view. Such a structure will increase an aperture ratio.
  • the display element preferably has a polygonal outline including two sides parallel to the extending direction of the linear portion of the conductive layer or has an outline of closed line including a linear portion in a plan view.
  • the following structure can be employed, for example.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view of a touch panel 100 of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic perspective developed view of FIG. 1A . Note that only main components are illustrated for simplicity. In FIG. 1B , as to some components (a substrate 30 , a substrate 72 , and the like), only their outlines are shown by broken lines.
  • the touch panel 100 includes an input device 10 and a display panel 70 that overlap with each other.
  • the input device 10 includes the substrate 30 .
  • the substrate 30 includes an electrode 31 , an electrode 32 , a plurality of wirings 41 , and a plurality of wirings 42 .
  • an FPC 50 to which the plurality of wirings 41 and the plurality of wirings 42 are electrically connected is attached to the substrate 30 .
  • An IC 51 is provided over the FPC 50 .
  • a capacitive touch sensor can be used, for example.
  • An example of using a projected capacitive touch sensor will be described below.
  • any of various sensors that can sense the proximity or contact of an object such as a finger or a stylus can be used.
  • the display panel 70 includes a substrate 71 and a substrate 72 that face each other.
  • a display portion 81 , a driver circuit 82 , a wiring 83 and the like are provided over the substrate 71 .
  • An FPC 73 electrically connected to the wiring 83 is provided to the substrate 71 .
  • An IC 74 is provided over the FPC 73 .
  • the display portion 81 is a region where an image is displayed, and includes a plurality of pixels.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic view illustrating enlarged part of the display portion 81 .
  • the pixel includes at least one display element 60 .
  • the pixel preferably includes a transistor and the display element 60 .
  • As the display element 60 typically, a light-emitting element such as an organic EL element, a liquid crystal element, or the like can be used.
  • driver circuit 82 a circuit that can drive the pixels in the display portion 81 , such as a scan line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit, can be used.
  • a scan line driver circuit is used as the driver circuit 82 is described.
  • the wiring 83 is capable of transferring a signal or an electric power to the display portion 81 or the driver circuit 82 .
  • the signal or the electric power is input from the outside or the IC 74 to the wiring 83 through the FPC 73 .
  • the display portion 81 includes a plurality of scan lines (also referred to as gate lines) 87 that are electrically connected to the driver circuit 82 .
  • the scan line 87 is a wiring that is electrically connected to a gate of a transistor in the pixel.
  • the driver circuit 82 can sequentially supply the scan lines 87 with signals each of which selects a plurality of pixels electrically connected to the scan line 87 .
  • an extending direction of the scan line 87 is shown as a direction 80 with an arrow in FIG. 1B .
  • the direction 80 is parallel to a direction perpendicular to a side (outline) where the driver circuit 82 of the display portion 81 is provided.
  • the direction 80 is not perpendicular to the outline of the display portion 81 in some cases.
  • the scan line 87 is not necessarily linear, and may have a shape partly curving or twisting depending on the structure of the pixels.
  • the direction 80 corresponds to a direction of a line connecting two end points of the scan line 87 .
  • the direction 80 corresponds to a direction of a line connecting two end portions of part of the scan line 87 that overlaps with the display portion 81 .
  • the direction 80 can be regarded as a direction parallel to an arrangement direction of the pixels (or subpixels) electrically connected to one scan line 87 .
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show an example where the IC 74 is mounted on the FPC 73 by a chip on film (COF) method.
  • An IC serving as a scan line driver circuit, a signal line driver circuit, or the like can be used for the IC 74 .
  • the IC 74 is not provided when, for example, the display panel 70 includes circuits serving as a scan line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit and when the circuits serving as a scan line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit are provided outside and a signal for driving the display panel 70 is input through the FPC 73 .
  • the IC 74 may be directly mounted on the substrate 71 by a COG method or the like.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic top plan view of the input device 10 .
  • the input device 10 includes the plurality of electrodes 31 , the plurality of electrodes 32 , the plurality of wirings 41 , and the plurality of wirings 42 over the substrate 30 .
  • the substrate 30 is provided with the FPC 50 that is electrically connected to the plurality of wirings 41 and the plurality of wirings 42 .
  • FIG. 2A shows an example where the IC 51 is mounted on the FPC 50 . Note that the outline of the electrode 32 and that of the electrode 31 are shown by the solid line and the broken line, respectively, to be distinguished clearly.
  • the electrode 31 is positioned to extend horizontally.
  • the electrode 32 is positioned to extend in a direction intersecting with the electrode 31 . As shown in FIG. 2A , it is preferable that the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 be perpendicular to each other.
  • Each of the plurality of wirings 41 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes 31 .
  • Each of the plurality of wirings 42 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes 32 .
  • the IC 51 includes a circuit for driving the input device 10 .
  • the IC 51 includes, for example, a circuit for achieving a driving method, such as a mutual capacitive method or a self-capacitive method.
  • FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a region P of FIG. 2A .
  • the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 overlap with and intersect with each other at an intersection portion 90 .
  • an insulator is provided between the electrodes 31 and 32 in order to prevent the electrodes 31 and 32 from being short-circuited.
  • FIG. 2B shows the case where the electrode 32 locally has the same shape as the 90°-rotated electrode 31 .
  • each rhombic pattern is preferably a square as shown in FIG. 2B , whereby a pitch of rhombic patterns of the electrode 31 arranged in a horizontal direction and a pitch of rhombic patterns of the electrode 32 arranged in a vertical direction in a view can be equal to each other.
  • detecting points can be arranged at equal intervals in a sensing region of the input device 10 , so that sensing accuracy can be increased.
  • Part of the outline of the electrode 31 has a linear portion 21 .
  • Part of the outline of the electrode 32 has a linear portion 22 .
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 are positioned such that the linear portions 21 and 22 face and are parallel to each other. With such a structure, a constant gap is obtained between the electrodes 31 and 32 , and the length of the facing sides of the two electrodes can be increased. Therefore, the capacitance formed between the two electrodes can be increased. In a portion where the two electrodes face each other, electrical lines of force generated when a potential difference is applied between the two electrodes are distributed at a uniform density. Therefore, the difference of detection sensitivity depending on positions can be reduced. Thus, a touch sensor with higher sensing accuracy can be obtained.
  • either the electrodes 31 or the electrodes 32 may be provided over the substrate 30 .
  • the other electrode may be provided on or in the display panel 70 .
  • a common electrode of a liquid crystal element may be utilized as the electrode 31 or the electrode 32 .
  • the electrode 31 is provided over the substrate 30 in FIG. 3
  • the electrode 32 may be provided over the substrate 30 .
  • FIG. 2B illustrates the direction 80 shown in FIG. 1B that is the extending direction of the scan line 87 .
  • an angle between the direction 80 and the linear portion 21 and an angle between the direction 80 and the linear portion 22 are equal to each other.
  • an angle between the direction 80 and the linear portion 21 or 22 is expressed as an angle ⁇ .
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably greater than or equal to 30° and less than or equal to 60°, preferably greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 50°, more preferably greater than or equal to 42° and less than or equal to 48°, and typically 45°.
  • a gap between the electrodes 31 and 32 is expressed as a gap D.
  • the size of the gap D is, for example, greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 5 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 3 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 1 mm, or still more preferably greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the gap D may be the integral multiple of a pitch of arranged subpixels or the integral multiple of a pitch of the arranged display elements 60 .
  • FIG. 2B shows an example where the electrodes 31 and 32 each have a lattice shape.
  • the integral multiple of a lattice spacing of the electrode 31 or 32 is preferably equal to the gap D between the electrodes 31 and 32 .
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 have orthogonal lattice shapes as shown in FIG. 2B , one of two directions of the lattice is preferably parallel to the linear portion 21 or the linear portion 22 .
  • openings in the electrodes 31 and 32 are squares inclined at the angle ⁇ to the direction 80 .
  • an opening in the lattice is a square in FIG. 2B
  • the shape of the opening is not limited thereto and can have any of various shapes, such as a circle, an ellipse, and a polygon with rounded corners.
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 have been processed to be narrow enough not to be viewed from a user.
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 are processed to have a lattice (mesh) shape as shown in FIG. 2B , high conductivity and high visibility of the display device can be obtained.
  • the widths of the narrowest portions of the electrodes 31 and 32 are preferably greater than or equal to 30 nm and less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m, or more preferably greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive film with a pattern width of 10 ⁇ m or less is preferable because the conductive film with such a width is rarely recognized by a user.
  • a conductive nanowire may be used for the electrodes 31 and 32 .
  • nanowires are dispersed at an appropriate density such that adjacent nanowires are in contact with each other, a two-dimensional network is formed and works as a conductive film with an extremely high light-transmitting property.
  • a nanowire with an average diameter of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm, or more preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm can be used.
  • a carbon nanotube or a metal nanowire such as an Ag nanowire, a Cu nanowire, and an Al nanowire can be used.
  • light transmittance of 89% or more and a sheet resistance of 40 ohm/square or more and 100 ohm/square or less can be achieved.
  • the electrode 32 may be composed of a plurality of electrodes 33 and a bridge electrode 34 .
  • the bridge electrode 34 is shown by a broken line in FIG. 4B while only the bridge electrode 34 is shown by a solid line in FIG. 4C .
  • the formation order of the bridge electrode 34 and the electrodes 31 and 33 and either the bridge electrode 34 or the electrodes 31 and 33 may be provided on the substrate 30 side.
  • the island-shaped electrodes 33 are arranged in a vertical direction, and the two adjacent electrodes 33 are electrically connected to each other by the bridge electrode 34 .
  • the electrodes 33 and 31 can be formed at a time by processing the same conductive film. Therefore, variations in their film thicknesses or line widths can be reduced, and variations in the resistance of each electrode depending on positions can be suppressed.
  • the electrodes 33 and 31 can be arranged in the same plane. Thus, the electrodes 31 and 33 are not misaligned in a height direction, whereby electrical lines of force generated therebetween can be uniformly distributed and the detection sensitivity of the input device 10 can be increased.
  • the electrode 31 may have such a structure.
  • a structure with the bridge electrodes 34 is preferably employed for the electrode 31 or 32 , whichever is shorter, so that the number of bridge electrodes 34 in the one electrode can be reduced.
  • FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a region Q of FIG. 2A .
  • the region Q is a region including a corner portion of the sensing region of the input device 10 .
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 preferably have shapes in each of which an end portion is apparently cut parallel to or perpendicular to the direction 80 at the corner portion of the sensing region.
  • the outlines of the electrodes 31 and 32 preferably have linear portions parallel to or perpendicular to the direction 80 .
  • FIG. 5B shows the case where the gap D is wider than that of FIG. 5A .
  • the intersection portion 90 preferably has a lattice shape.
  • FIG. 5B shows that the electrode 32 has the bridge electrode 34 with the lattice shape.
  • each of the electrodes 31 and 32 may have a lattice shape at the intersection portion 90 .
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 have the lattice shapes is shown above, but the shapes of the electrodes 31 and 32 are not limited thereto and can have any of other various shapes as long as they have facing linear portions.
  • a dummy electrode 35 that is electrically isolated from the electrodes 31 and 32 may be positioned between the electrodes 31 and the electrode 32 .
  • a region where neither the electrode 31 nor the electrode 32 exists is less likely to be recognized by a user.
  • FIG. 7A shows the case where the insides of the rhombic patterns of the electrodes 31 and 33 of FIG. 4A are hollow and only the outlines thereof are formed.
  • FIG. 7B shows the case where only the linear portions of the lattices in a certain direction remain in the electrodes 31 and 33 .
  • FIG. 7C shows the case where the electrodes 31 and 33 include zigzag patterns.
  • the linear portions of the zigzag patterns are preferably parallel to the linear portions of the outline of the electrode 31 or 33 .
  • the zigzag patterns are preferably positioned to extend in the extending direction of the electrode 31 or 32 as shown in FIG. 7C , whereby electric resistance in the direction can be reduced.
  • the electrode 32 has the bridge electrode 34 in FIGS. 7A to 7C , the bridge electrode 34 is not necessarily provided as shown in FIG. 2B .
  • FIG. 2A and the like show the case where a plurality of rhombuses are connected in line is shown as a top surface shape of the electrode 31 or 32
  • the shapes of the electrodes 31 and 32 are not limited thereto and can have any of various top surface shapes, such as a stripe (rectangle) shape, a stripe shape with curves, or a zigzag shape.
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 are positioned to be perpendicular to each other above, they are not necessarily positioned to be perpendicular to each other and an angle between the two electrodes may be less than 90°.
  • FIG. 8A shows an example where electrodes 36 and 37 with zigzag top surface shapes are used.
  • the electrode 36 and the electrode 37 are shown by the broken line and the solid line, respectively.
  • the electrodes be positioned such that the center portion of a linear portion in the zigzag shape of one electrode not overlap with that of a linear portion in the zigzag shape of the other electrode, and the center portions be relatively off from each other.
  • the portions of the electrodes 36 and 37 that face and are parallel to each other can be close to each other, and the capacitance formed between the electrodes and the detection sensitivity can be increased.
  • the capacitance between the electrodes can be increased because the length of the facing sides can be increased even if the center portions of the linear portions overlap with each other.
  • FIG. 9A is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a chain line in FIG. 8A
  • FIG. 9D is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a chain line in FIG. 8B
  • Each drawing shows the electrode 36 , the electrode 37 , and an intersection portion 38 where these electrodes intersect with each other.
  • the linear portions of the electrodes 36 and 37 of FIGS. 9A and 9D may have meander shapes with angled corners as shown in FIGS. 9B and 9E .
  • the linear portions of the electrodes 36 and 37 may have continuously-curved meander shapes as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9F .
  • a pixel includes one or more display elements 60 . If the display panel 70 displays a full color image, a structure where the display elements 60 for exhibiting three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are provided in one pixel is preferable, for example. A structure where the display elements 60 for exhibiting yellow (Y) and white (W) are provided in addition to the display elements for the above three colors is also preferable because power consumption can be reduced.
  • a structure including one display element 60 and a pixel circuit corresponding thereto is referred to as a subpixel in some cases.
  • the pixel can have a structure with three subpixels.
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 in the input device 10 be positioned between the display elements 60 . Then, the electrodes 31 and 32 do not block light from the display elements 60 , whereby it is possible to almost completely avoid, or greatly reduce luminance decrease in the display panel 70 provided with the input device 10 . Therefore, a touch panel with high visibility and low power consumption can be achieved. In addition, since the electrodes 31 and 32 do not overlap with the display element 60 , it is not necessary to use a light-transmitting conductive material, which has relatively high resistance, for the electrodes 31 and 32 .
  • the electrodes 31 and 32 are less likely to be recognized by light reflection or the like, whereby a touch panel with higher visibility can be obtained.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the display portion 81 and the input device 10 that overlap with each other when viewed from the display surface side of the touch panel 100 of FIG. 1A .
  • a pixel 40 in the display panel 70 includes four display elements 60 exhibiting different colors (a display element 60 R, a display element 60 G, a display element 60 B, and a display element 60 Y).
  • FIG. 10 shows a positional relationship between the electrode 31 and the display elements 60 .
  • the electrode 31 is illustrated here, but the same applies to the electrode 32 (or the electrode 33 and the bridge electrode 34 ).
  • FIG. 10 for describing a direction of scan lines 87 in the display panel 70 , three scan lines (a scan line 87 a , a scan line 87 b , and a scan line 87 c ) are shown by broken lines, and the direction 80 that is the extending direction of the scan lines is also shown.
  • an angle between a linear portion of the lattice of the electrode 31 and the scan line 87 is 45°.
  • the display elements 60 are arranged along the linear portion of the electrode 31 .
  • a plurality of display elements 60 arranged obliquely in FIG. 10 are two kinds of display elements 60 exhibiting different two colors that are alternately arranged.
  • One pixel 40 includes the four adjacent display elements 60 (display elements 60 R, 60 G, 60 B, and 60 Y).
  • the display elements 60 R, 60 G, 60 B, and 60 Y are display elements exhibiting red, green, blue, and yellow, respectively.
  • An outline of one display element 60 preferably has a portion parallel to the linear portion of the lattice of the electrode 31 . With such a form, a gap between the two display elements 60 can be reduced when the display elements 60 are arranged, whereby an aperture ratio can be increased.
  • the outline of the display element 60 is a quadrangle with rounded corners, the outline shape is not limited thereto, and may be a square, a rectangle, a polygon, an ellipse, a circle, a polygon with rounded corners, or the like.
  • the scan line 87 a in FIG. 10 corresponds to a scan line for driving a subpixel including the display element 60 R, for example.
  • the scan line 87 b corresponds to a scan line for driving a subpixel including the display element 60 G and a subpixel including the display element 60 Y
  • the scan line 87 c corresponds to a scan line for driving a subpixel including the display element 60 B.
  • Each scan line is electrically connected to a gate of a transistor in each subpixel. That is, in the structure shown in FIG. 10 , one pixel can be driven by the three scan lines 87 .
  • FIG. 10 a structure where one pixel 40 (that is, four display elements 60 ) is included in an opening of the electrode 31 is shown; however, the structure of the electrode 31 is not limited thereto, and may be any of various structures as long as the electrode 31 is configured to be positioned between the adjacent display elements 60 .
  • FIG. 11A shows the case where an opening of the lattice of the electrode 31 includes one display element 60 .
  • FIG. 11B shows the case where the electrode 31 has a stripe shape.
  • FIG. 11C shows the case where an opening of the lattice of the electrode 31 includes a plurality of pixels 40 .
  • FIG. 11D shows the case where a pitch of the lattice in one direction is different from a pitch of the lattice in another direction perpendicular to the one direction.
  • FIGS. 11E and 11F show the case where the electrode 31 has a zigzag shape like that shown in FIG. 7C .
  • FIG. 10 and FIGS. 11A to 11F show examples where one pixel 40 includes the display elements 60 of four colors, but the number of colors of display elements in a pixel is not limited thereto, and the display elements of three colors, five colors, or more may be provided.
  • FIG. 12 shows the case where one pixel 40 includes the display elements 60 of three colors.
  • a pixel 40 a , a pixel 40 b , and a pixel 40 c are shown separately from the others and three display elements 60 in each of the pixels 40 a , 40 b , and 40 c are shown by the same hatching pattern in FIG. 12 .
  • arrangement of the three display elements 60 in the pixel 40 a is the same as that in the pixel 40 b .
  • the arrangement of the three display elements 60 in the pixel 40 a is in a vertically inverse relation to that in the pixel 40 c.
  • the display elements 60 of the same color are aligned in a vertical direction of the drawing.
  • Such a structure is preferable because the structure will make it easier to separately form color filters or light-emitting elements in accordance with colors of the display elements.
  • FIG. 13A shows the case where one pixel includes the display elements 60 of three colors.
  • the outline of the display element 60 has a linear portion along a direction of the lattice of the electrode 31 , and has a rectangular shape with rounded corners.
  • the display elements of the same color are aligned in the direction of the linear portion of the lattice of the electrode 31 , which constitutes stripe arrangement.
  • the electrode 31 has a different shape from that in FIG. 13A .
  • R, G, B, and Y are given to some display elements 60 in FIG. 10 to FIG. 13D to facilitate description; however, the arrangement method is just an example, and does not limit an arrangement method of the display elements 60 .
  • R, G, B, and Y can be replaced with one another.
  • W that corresponds to a display element of white may be provided in replacement of R, G, B, or Y.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the touch panel 100 .
  • FIG. 14 illustrates cross sections of a region including an FPC 73 , a region including the driver circuit 82 , a region including the display portion 81 , and a region including the FPC 50 in FIG. 1A .
  • the substrate 71 and the substrate 72 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 151 .
  • the substrate 72 and the substrate 30 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 152 .
  • a structure including the substrate 71 , the substrate 72 , and components provided therebetween corresponds to the display panel 70 .
  • a structure including the substrate 30 and components provided on the substrate 30 corresponds to the input device 10 .
  • a transistor 201 , a transistor 202 , a transistor 203 , the display element 60 , a capacitor 205 , a connection portion 206 , a wiring 207 , and the like are provided between the substrates 71 and 72 .
  • An insulating layer 211 , an insulating layer 212 , an insulating layer 213 , an insulating layer 214 , an insulating layer 215 , a spacer 216 , and the like are provided over the substrate 71 .
  • Part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor, and another portion thereof functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 205 .
  • the insulating layer 212 , the insulating layer 213 , and the insulating layer 214 are provided to cover each transistor, the capacitor 205 , and the like.
  • the insulating layer 214 functions as a planarization layer.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and four or more insulating layers, a single insulating layer, or two insulating layers may be provided.
  • the insulating layer 214 functioning as a planarization layer is not necessarily provided when not needed.
  • the display element 60 is provided over the insulating layer 214 .
  • a top-emission type light-emitting element organic EL element
  • the display element 60 emits light toward a second electrode 223 side.
  • the transistors 202 and 203 , the capacitor 205 , the wiring or the like are provided to overlap with the light-emitting region of the display element 60 , the aperture ratio of the display portion 81 can be increased.
  • the display element 60 includes an EL layer 222 between a first electrode 221 and the second electrode 223 .
  • An optical adjustment layer 224 is provided between the first electrode 221 and the EL layer 222 .
  • the insulating layer 215 is provided to cover end portions of the first electrode 221 and the optical adjustment layer 224 .
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a cross section of one pixel as an example of the display portion 81 .
  • the pixel includes the transistor 202 for current control, the transistor 203 for switching control, and the capacitor 205 is described here.
  • One of a source and a drain of the transistor 202 and one electrode of the capacitor 205 are electrically connected to the first electrode 221 through an opening provided in the insulating layers 212 , 213 , and 214 .
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the driver circuit 82 in which the transistor 201 is provided.
  • Each of the transistors 201 , 202 and 203 has a conductive layer 241 functioning as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer 242 , a pair of conductive layers 243 , and an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulator.
  • One of the conductive layers 243 functions as a source electrode while the other of the conductive layers 243 functions as a drain electrode.
  • the transistors 201 and 202 each have a structure in which a semiconductor layer where a channel is formed is provided between two gate electrodes (conductive layers 241 and 244 ).
  • Such transistors can have higher field-effect mobility and thus have higher on-state current than other transistors. Consequently, a circuit capable of high-speed operation can be obtained. Furthermore, the area occupied by a circuit can be reduced.
  • the use of the transistor having high on-state current can reduce signal delay in wirings and can reduce display luminance variation even in a display panel in which the number of wirings is increased because of increase in size or resolution.
  • transistors provided in the driver circuit 82 and the display portion 81 may have the same structure or different structures.
  • a material through which impurities such as water or hydrogen do not easily diffuse is preferably used for at least one of the insulating layers 212 and 213 which cover the transistors. That is, the insulating layer 212 or the insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. Such a structure can effectively suppress diffusion of the impurities into the transistors from the outside, and a highly reliable touch panel can be achieved.
  • the spacer 216 is provided over the insulating layer 215 and has a function of adjusting the distance between the substrate 71 and the substrate 72 . In the example illustrated in FIG. 14 , there is a gap between the spacer 216 and a light-blocking layer 232 , which may however be in contact with each other.
  • the spacer 216 is provided on the substrate 71 side in the structure described here, the spacer 216 may be provided on the substrate 72 side (e.g., in a position closer to the substrate 71 than that of the light-blocking layer 232 ).
  • a particulate spacer may be used instead of the spacer 216 .
  • a material such as silica can be used for the particulate spacer, an elastic material such as an organic resin or rubber is preferably used. In some cases, the particulate spacer may be vertically crushed.
  • a coloring layer 231 , the light-blocking layer 232 , and the like are provided on the substrate 71 side of the substrate 72 .
  • the light-blocking layer 232 has an opening, and the opening overlaps with the display region of the display element 60 .
  • the coloring layer 231 overlaps with the display element 60 .
  • a material that can be used for the light-blocking layer 232 carbon black, a metal oxide, and a composite oxide containing a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides can be given.
  • Stacked films containing the material of the coloring layer 231 can also be used for the light-blocking layer 232 .
  • a material containing an acrylic resin can be used for the coloring layer 231 , and a stacked-layer structure of a film containing a material of a coloring layer which transmits light of a certain color and a film containing a material of a coloring layer which transmits light of another color can be employed. It is preferable that the coloring layer 231 and the light-blocking layer 232 be formed using the same material because the same manufacturing apparatus can be used and the process can be simplified.
  • a material that can be used for the coloring layer 231 a metal material, a resin material, and a resin material containing a pigment or dye can be given.
  • An insulating layer which functions as an overcoat may be provided to cover the coloring layer 231 and the light-blocking layer 232 .
  • connection portion 206 is provided in a region near an end portion of the substrate 71 .
  • the connection portion 206 is electrically connected to the FPC 73 through a connection layer 209 .
  • the connection portion 206 is formed by stacking part of the wiring 207 which is electrically connected to the driver circuit 82 and a conductive layer which is formed by processing a conductive film used for forming the first electrode 221 .
  • the connection portion 206 is formed by stacking two or more conductive layers as described above, electric resistance can be reduced and mechanical strength of the connection portion 206 can be increased.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of an intersection portion 86 where a wiring formed by processing a conductive film used for forming the gate electrode of the transistor and a wiring formed by processing a conductive film used for forming a source electrode and a drain electrode of the transistor intersect with each other.
  • the scan line 87 formed by processing a conductive film used for forming the gate electrode of the transistor is provided at the intersection portion 86 .
  • the scan line 87 may be a wiring formed by processing a conductive film used for forming the source electrode and the drain electrode of a transistor or another conductive film.
  • the electrode 31 and the electrode 32 are provided on the substrate 72 side of the substrate 30 .
  • the electrode 32 and the electrode 33 are formed in the same plane.
  • the bridge electrode 34 is provided over an insulating layer 161 which covers the electrode 32 and the electrode 33 .
  • the bridge electrode 34 electrically connects two electrodes 33 , between which the electrode 32 is provided, through openings formed in the insulating layer 161 .
  • the electrode 33 does not overlap with the display element 60 . That is, the electrode 33 is provided such that an opening of the electrode 33 and the display element 60 overlap with each other. Here, it is preferable that the electrode 33 not overlap with the coloring layer 231 .
  • the electrode 33 preferably overlaps with the light-blocking layer 232 . Note that an example of the electrode 33 is shown here, but it is preferable that the electrodes 31 and 32 and the bridge electrode 34 also not overlap with the display element 60 or the like.
  • connection portion 106 is provided in a region near an end portion of the substrate 30 .
  • the connection portion 106 is electrically connected to the FPC 50 through a connection layer 109 .
  • the connection portion 106 is formed by stacking part of the wiring 42 and a conductive layer which is formed by processing a conductive film used for forming the bridge electrode 34 .
  • connection layer 109 or the connection layer 209 an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), or the like can be used.
  • ACF anisotropic conductive film
  • ACP anisotropic conductive paste
  • the substrate 30 here can be used also as a substrate with which an object to be sensed, such as a finger or a stylus, is to be in contact.
  • a protective layer (such as a ceramic coat) is preferably provided over the substrate 30 .
  • the protective layer can be formed using an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
  • tempered glass may be used for the substrate 30 .
  • the tempered glass which can be used here is one that has been subjected to physical or chemical treatment by an ion exchange method, a thermal tempering method, or the like and has a surface to which compressive stress has been added.
  • the touch sensor is provided on one side of the tempered glass and the opposite side of the tempered glass is provided on, for example, the outermost surface of an electronic device for use as a touch surface, the thickness of the whole device can be decreased.
  • a substrate having a flat surface can be used as the substrate included in the touch panel.
  • the substrate on the side from which light from the display element is extracted is formed using a material that transmits the light.
  • a material such as glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, or an organic resin can be used.
  • the weight and thickness of the touch panel can be decreased by using a thin substrate.
  • a flexible touch panel can be obtained by using a substrate that is thin enough to have flexibility.
  • non-alkali glass barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or the like can be used.
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polyacrylonitrile resin, a polyimide resin, a polymethyl methacrylate resin, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, a polyethersulfone (PES) resin, a polyamide resin, a cycloolefin resin, a polystyrene resin, a polyamide imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • a material whose thermal expansion coefficient is low is preferable, and for example, a polyamide imide resin, a polyimide resin, or PET can be suitably used.
  • a substrate in which a glass fiber is impregnated with an organic resin or a substrate whose thermal expansion coefficient is reduced by mixing an organic resin with an inorganic filler can also be used.
  • a substrate using such a material is lightweight, and accordingly a touch panel using this substrate can also be lightweight.
  • a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate, a semiconductor substrate, or the like can be used as well as the above-described substrates.
  • a metal substrate, which has high thermal conductivity, is preferable because they can easily conduct heat to the whole substrate and accordingly can prevent a local temperature rise in the touch panel.
  • the thickness of a metal substrate is preferably greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
  • a material of a metal substrate it is favorable to use, for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, and nickel, an aluminum alloy, or an alloy such as stainless steel.
  • a substrate subjected to insulation treatment e.g., a metal substrate whose surface is oxidized or provided with an insulating film.
  • An insulating film may be formed by, for example, a coating method such as a spin-coating method and a dipping method, an electrodeposition method, an evaporation method, or a sputtering method.
  • An oxide film may be formed over the substrate surface by a known method such as an anodic oxidation method, exposing to or heating in an oxygen atmosphere, or the like.
  • a hard coat layer e.g., a silicon nitride layer
  • a layer e.g., an aramid resin layer
  • an insulating film with low water permeability may be provided to the flexible substrate.
  • a film containing nitrogen and silicon e.g., a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film
  • a film containing nitrogen and aluminum e.g., an aluminum nitride film
  • the substrate may be formed by stacking a plurality of layers.
  • a barrier property against water and oxygen can be improved and thus a highly reliable touch panel can be provided.
  • a substrate in which a glass layer, an adhesive layer, and an organic resin layer are stacked from the side closer to the display element can be used, for example.
  • the thickness of the glass layer is greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 25 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m. With such a thickness, the glass layer can have both a high barrier property against water and oxygen and a high flexibility.
  • the thickness of the organic resin layer is greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m.
  • Providing such an organic resin layer outside the glass layer occurrence of a crack or a break in the glass layer can be suppressed and mechanical strength can be improved.
  • the substrate that includes such a composite material of a glass material and an organic resin a highly reliable flexible touch panel can be provided.
  • the transistor includes a conductive layer functioning as the gate electrode, the semiconductor layer, a conductive layer functioning as the source electrode, a conductive layer functioning as the drain electrode, and an insulating layer functioning as the gate insulating layer.
  • the structure of the transistor included in the touch panel of one embodiment of the present invention For example, a forward staggered transistor or an inverted staggered transistor may be used. A top-gate transistor or a bottom-gate transistor may be used.
  • a semiconductor material that is used for the transistors and for example, an oxide semiconductor, silicon, germanium, or an organic semiconductor can be used.
  • crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for the transistors there is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for the transistors, and an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single-crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partly including crystal regions) may be used. It is preferable that a semiconductor having crystallinity be used, in which case deterioration of the transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
  • an element of Group 14 a compound semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor can be used, for example.
  • a semiconductor containing silicon, a semiconductor containing gallium arsenide, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, or the like can be used.
  • An oxide semiconductor is preferably used as a semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed.
  • an oxide semiconductor having a wider band gap than silicon is preferably used.
  • a semiconductor material having a wider band gap and a lower carrier density than silicon is preferably used because off-state leakage current of the transistor can be reduced.
  • At least indium (In) or zinc (Zn) is preferably included as the oxide semiconductor. More preferably, an In-M-Zn-based oxide (M is a metal such as Al, Ti, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, La, Ce, or Hf) is included.
  • M is a metal such as Al, Ti, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, La, Ce, or Hf
  • an oxide semiconductor film including a plurality of crystal parts whose c-axes are aligned substantially perpendicular to a surface on which the semiconductor layer is formed or the top surface of the semiconductor layer and in which a grain boundary is not observed between adjacent crystal parts.
  • Such an oxide semiconductor can be preferably used for a flexible touch panel which is used in a bent state, or the like.
  • a transistor with an oxide semiconductor whose band gap is larger than the band gap of silicon can hold charges stored in a capacitor that is series-connected to the transistor for a long time, owing to the low off-state current of the transistor.
  • operation of a driver circuit can be stopped while a gray scale of an image displayed in each display region is maintained. As a result, a display device with extremely low power consumption can be obtained.
  • silicon is preferably used as a semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed.
  • amorphous silicon may be used as silicon, silicon having crystallinity is particularly preferable.
  • microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single-crystal silicon, or the like is preferably used.
  • polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single-crystal silicon and has higher field effect mobility and higher reliability than amorphous silicon.
  • the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved. Even in the case where pixels are provided at extremely high resolution, a scan line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit can be formed over a substrate over which the pixels are formed, and the number of components of an electronic device can be reduced.
  • any of metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten, or an alloy containing any of these metals as its main component can be used.
  • a single-layer structure or multi-layer structure including a film containing any of these materials can be used.
  • the following structures can be given: a single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a titanium film, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a tungsten film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is stacked over a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is stacked over a titanium film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is stacked over a tungsten film, a three-layer structure in which a titanium film or a titanium nitride film, an aluminum film or a copper film, and a titanium film or a titanium nitride film are stacked in this order, and a three-layer structure in which a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, an aluminum film or a copper film, and a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitrid
  • a conductive oxide such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or graphene
  • a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, or an alloy material containing any of these metal materials can be used.
  • a nitride of the metal material e.g., titanium nitride
  • the like may be used.
  • the thickness is set small enough to be able to transmit light.
  • a stack of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
  • a stacked film of indium tin oxide and an alloy of silver and magnesium is preferably used because the conductivity can be increased.
  • Examples of an insulating material that can be used for the insulating layers, the overcoat, the spacer, and the like include a resin such as acrylic or epoxy resin, a resin having a siloxane bond, and an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or aluminum oxide.
  • the light-emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability, in which case impurities such as water can be prevented from entering the light-emitting element. Thus, a decrease in device reliability can be prevented.
  • a film containing nitrogen and silicon e.g., a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film
  • a film containing nitrogen and aluminum e.g., an aluminum nitride film
  • a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like can be used.
  • the water vapor transmittance of the insulating film with low water permeability is lower than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)], preferably lower than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)], further preferably lower than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)], still further preferably lower than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)].
  • curable adhesives such as a reactive curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, an anaerobic adhesive, and a photo curable adhesive such as an ultraviolet curable adhesive
  • these adhesives include an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin.
  • a material with low water permeability, such as an epoxy resin is preferable.
  • a two-component-mixture-type resin may be used.
  • an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
  • the resin may include a drying agent.
  • a substance that adsorbs water by chemical adsorption such as oxide of an alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium oxide or barium oxide)
  • an alkaline earth metal e.g., calcium oxide or barium oxide
  • a substance that adsorbs water by physical adsorption such as zeolite or silica gel
  • the drying agent is preferably included because it can prevent impurities such as water from entering the functional element, thereby improving the reliability of the display panel.
  • a filler with a high refractive index or light-scattering member into the resin, in which case the efficiency of light extraction from the light-emitting element can be improved.
  • a filler with a high refractive index or light-scattering member into the resin, in which case the efficiency of light extraction from the light-emitting element can be improved.
  • titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, zirconium, or the like can be used.
  • a self-luminous element can be used, and an element whose luminance is controlled by current or voltage is included in the category of the light-emitting element.
  • a light-emitting diode (LED), an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, or the like can be used.
  • the light-emitting element may be a top emission, bottom emission, or dual emission light-emitting element.
  • a conductive film that transmits visible light is used as the electrode through which light is extracted.
  • a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used as the electrode through which light is not extracted.
  • the EL layer includes at least a light-emitting layer.
  • the EL layer may further include one or more layers containing any of a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with a high electron-transport property, a substance with a high electron-injection property, a substance with a bipolar property (a substance with a high electron- and hole-transport property), and the like.
  • Either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound can be used for the EL layer, and an inorganic compound may also be used.
  • the layers included in the EL layer can be formed by any of the following methods: an evaporation method (including a vacuum evaporation method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, and the like.
  • the EL layer preferably contains two or more kinds of light-emitting substances.
  • light-emitting substances are selected so that two or more light-emitting substances emit complementary colors to obtain white light emission.
  • the light-emitting element preferably emits light with a spectrum having two or more peaks in the wavelength range of a visible light region (e.g., 350 nm to 750 nm).
  • An emission spectrum of a material emitting light having a peak in the wavelength range of a yellow light preferably includes spectral components also in the wavelength range of a green light and a red light.
  • a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material emitting light of one color and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material emitting light of another color are preferably stacked in the EL layer.
  • the plurality of light-emitting layers in the EL layer may be stacked in contact with each other or may be stacked with a separation layer therebetween.
  • a region containing the same material as one in the fluorescent layer or phosphorescent layer for example, a host material or an assist material
  • no light-emitting element may be provided. This facilitates the manufacture of the light-emitting element and reduces the drive voltage.
  • the conductive film that transmits visible light can be formed using, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc oxide to which gallium is added.
  • a film of a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium; an alloy containing any of these metal materials; or a nitride of any of these metal materials (e.g., titanium nitride) can be used when formed thin so as to have a light-transmitting property.
  • a stack of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
  • a stacked film of ITO and an alloy of silver and magnesium is preferably used, in which case conductivity can be increased.
  • graphene or the like may be used.
  • a metal material such as aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium or an alloy including any of these metal materials can be used.
  • Lanthanum, neodymium, germanium, or the like may be added to the metal material or the alloy.
  • an alloy containing aluminum such as an alloy of aluminum and titanium, an alloy of aluminum and nickel, or an alloy of aluminum and neodymium; or an alloy containing silver such as an alloy of silver and copper, an alloy of silver, copper, and palladium, or an alloy of silver and magnesium can be used for the conductive film.
  • An alloy of silver and copper is preferable because of its high heat resistance.
  • a metal film or a metal oxide film is stacked on an aluminum alloy film, whereby oxidation of the aluminum alloy film can be suppressed.
  • a material for the metal film or the metal oxide film are titanium and titanium oxide.
  • the conductive film having a property of transmitting visible light and a film containing any of the above metal materials may be stacked.
  • a stacked film of silver and ITO or a stacked film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and ITO can be used.
  • the conductive film may be formed separately by an evaporation method or a sputtering method.
  • a discharging method such as an ink-jet method, a printing method such as a screen printing method, or a plating method may be used.
  • the light-emitting element may be a single element including one EL layer or a tandem element in which a plurality of EL layers are stacked with a charge generation layer therebetween.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional structure example of the touch panel 100 which partly differs from the structure of FIG. 14 .
  • conductive layers functioning as the second gates are provided between the insulating layer 213 and the insulating layer 214 .
  • Such a structure is preferable because the voltage to be applied to the second gates can be lowered as compared with the structure in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example where the display element 60 is formed by a separate coloring method.
  • pixels of different colors include different EL layers 222 which emit light of the respective colors.
  • an end portion of the EL layer 222 is covered with the second electrode 223 .
  • the EL layer 222 can be formed by, for example, an evaporation method using a metal mask, a printing method, an inkjet method, or the like.
  • the optical adjustment layer 224 and the coloring layer 231 illustrated in FIG. 14 are not provided.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example where a protection film 217 is provided to cover the second electrode 223 .
  • the protection film 217 serves as a barrier film that prevents impurities such as water from diffusing into the display element 60 .
  • an end portion of the EL layer 222 or an end portion of the second electrode 223 is covered with the protection film 217 , whereby entry of water into the display element 60 can be more effectively inhibited.
  • an organic insulation material or an inorganic insulation material can be used as the protection film 217 .
  • An inorganic insulation material is preferably used because a film with a high barrier property can be formed to be thin.
  • silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, or the like is preferably used.
  • Aluminum oxide is particularly preferable because of its excellent barrier property.
  • a deposition method of the protection film 217 As a deposition method of the protection film 217 , a sputtering method, an evaporation method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, or the like can be used.
  • the ALD method is particularly preferable to inhibit damage to the display element 60 at the time of deposition.
  • a thermal ALD method can be used as the ALD method
  • PEALD plasma enhanced ALD
  • the structures of the transistors, the display elements 60 , the protection film 217 , and the like can be replaced with those of the transistors, the display elements and the like shown in FIG. 14 and cross-sectional structures described below.
  • a touch panel illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a substrate 111 and a substrate 112 .
  • the substrate 111 and the substrate 72 are attached to each other with the adhesive layer 152
  • the substrate 111 and the substrate 112 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 153 .
  • the substrate 111 is provided with the electrode 32 , the wiring 42 , and the like.
  • the substrate 112 is provided with the electrode 31 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), and the like.
  • the FPC 50 is provided for the substrate 111 ; the substrate 112 is similarly provided with an FPC in a region not illustrated in the drawing.
  • substrates as thin as, or thinner than, the substrates 71 and 72 are preferably used as the substrates 111 and 112 .
  • the material having flexibility described above is preferably used for the substrates 111 and 112 , in which case the thickness of the touch panel 100 can be decreased.
  • a protective substrate 130 may be provided over the substrate 112 with an adhesive layer 154 therebetween as illustrated in FIG. 16 .
  • a surface of the protective substrate 130 on a side opposite to the substrate 112 side functions as a touch surface.
  • the above description of the substrate 30 can be referred to for a material of the protective substrate 130 .
  • a touch panel shown in FIG. 17 includes a substrate 113 .
  • the substrates 113 and 72 are attached to each other with the adhesive layer 152 .
  • the substrate 113 is provided with the electrode 32 , the wiring 42 , and the like on one side.
  • the substrate 113 is also provided with the electrode 31 , the wiring 41 , and the like on the other side. That is, the electrodes and wirings in the touch sensor are provided on both sides of the substrate 113 .
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which an FPC 50 a and a connection layer 109 a are provided in a connection portion 106 a where part of the wiring 42 is exposed, and an FPC 50 b and a connection layer 109 b are provided in a connection portion 106 b where part of the wiring 41 is exposed.
  • the connection portion 106 a and the connection portion 106 b may overlap with each other in a plan view, or may be arranged so as not to overlap with each other.
  • the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor are provided over a surface of the substrate 72 that is opposite to a surface facing the substrate 71 .
  • the substrate 72 is provided with the bridge electrode 34 , and the insulating layer 161 covering part of the bridge electrode 34 ; and the electrode 31 , the electrode 32 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), the wiring 42 , and the like are over the insulating layer 161 .
  • the protective substrate 130 and the substrate 72 may be attached to each other with the adhesive layer 152 .
  • the input device 10 and the display panel 70 can share the substrate; thus, the thickness of the touch panel can be significantly decreased.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an example in which the structure of the touch sensor illustrated in FIG. 18 is combined with the structure of the touch panel illustrated in FIG. 15 where the light-emitting element formed by a separate coloring method is used as the display element 60 .
  • the light-blocking layer 232 is not provided.
  • the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor are provided on the substrate 71 side of the substrate 72 .
  • the substrate 72 is provided with the electrode 32 , the electrode 33 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), the wiring 42 , the insulating layer 161 covering these components, and the bridge electrode 34 over the insulating layer 161 , and the like.
  • An insulating layer 233 is provided to cover the electrodes and the like in the touch sensor.
  • the coloring layer 231 , the light-blocking layer 232 , and the like are provided over the insulating layer 233 .
  • the input device 10 and the display panel 70 can share the substrate and one surface of the substrate 72 can be used as a touch surface; thus, the thickness of the touch panel 100 can be further decreased.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a modification example of the touch panel shown in FIG. 20 .
  • the touch panel in FIG. 21 has a stacked-layer structure including a substrate 91 , an adhesive layer 92 , a substrate 93 , and an insulating layer 94 in place of the substrate 71 .
  • the touch panel also has a stacked-layer structure including a substrate 191 , an adhesive layer 192 , a substrate 193 , and an insulating layer 194 in place of the substrate 72 .
  • a material through which impurities such as water or hydrogen do not easily diffuse can be used for the insulating layer 94 and the insulating layer 194 .
  • Such a structure can effectively suppress diffusion of the impurities into the display element 60 and the transistors even in the case of using a material permeable to water for the substrate 91 , the substrate 93 , the substrate 191 , and the substrate 193 , and a highly reliable touch panel can be achieved.
  • a material such as a resin having flexibility can be used for the substrate 93 and the substrate 193 .
  • Films having flexibility or the like are preferably used as the substrate 91 and the substrate 191 . With the use of a material having flexibility for these substrates, a bendable touch panel can be achieved.
  • the light-blocking layer 232 is provided between the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor and the substrate 72 .
  • the substrate 72 is provided with the light-blocking layer 232 , and an insulating layer 234 is formed to cover the light-blocking layer 232 .
  • the electrode 32 , the electrode 33 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), the wiring 42 , the insulating layer 161 covering these components, and the bridge electrode 34 riding the insulating layer 161 , and the like are provided for an insulating layer 234 .
  • the insulating layer 233 is formed to ride the bridge electrode 34 and the insulating layer 161
  • the coloring layer 231 is formed to ride the insulating layer 233 , and the like.
  • the insulating layers 233 and 234 have a function as a planarization film. Note that the insulating layer 233 and 234 are not necessarily provided when not needed.
  • the light-blocking layer 232 provided in a position closer to the viewing side than the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor is can prevent external light from being reflected by the electrodes and the like, and prevent the electrodes and the like from being visible.
  • a touch panel with not only small thickness but also improved visibility can be achieved.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a modification example of the touch panel illustrated in FIG. 22 .
  • the touch panel in FIG. 23 has a stacked-layer structure including the substrate 91 , the adhesive layer 92 , and the insulating layer 94 in place of the substrate 71 .
  • the touch panel also has a stacked-layer structure including the substrate 191 , the adhesive layer 192 , and the insulating layer 194 in place of the substrate 72 .
  • a bendable touch panel can be achieved.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates a cross-sectional structure example of a touch panel where a liquid crystal display device is used as the display panel 70 .
  • a liquid crystal element is used as a display element 208 .
  • the touch panel includes a polarizing plate 131 , a polarizing plate 132 , and a backlight 133 .
  • a liquid crystal element using a fringe field switching (FFS) mode is used as the display element 208 .
  • the display element 208 includes an electrode 251 , an electrode 252 , and a liquid crystal 253 .
  • the electrode 251 is provided over the electrode 252 with an insulating layer 254 provided therebetween, and has a comb-like shape or a shape provided with a slit.
  • An overcoat 255 is provided to cover the coloring layer 231 and the light-blocking layer 232 .
  • the overcoat 255 has a function of preventing a pigment or the like which is included in the coloring layer 231 or the light-blocking layer 232 from diffusing into the liquid crystal 253 .
  • the polarizing plate 131 is attached to the substrate 71 with an adhesive layer 157 .
  • the backlight 133 is attached to the polarizing plate 131 with an adhesive layer 158 .
  • the polarizing plate 132 is positioned between the substrate 72 and the substrate 30 .
  • the polarizing plate 132 is attached to the substrate 72 with an adhesive layer 155 , and is attached to the substrate 30 (specifically, part of the insulating layer 161 provided with the substrate 30 ) with an adhesive layer 156 .
  • liquid crystal element using an FFS mode is described above, a vertical alignment (VA) mode, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, an in-plane-switching (IPS) mode, an axially symmetric aligned micro-cell (ASM) mode, an optically compensated birefringence (OCB) mode, a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mode, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) mode, or the like can be used.
  • VA vertical alignment
  • TN twisted nematic
  • IPS in-plane-switching
  • ASM axially symmetric aligned micro-cell
  • OBC optically compensated birefringence
  • FLC ferroelectric liquid crystal
  • AFLC antiferroelectric liquid crystal
  • thermotropic liquid crystal a low-molecular liquid crystal, a high-molecular liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), or the like
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase is preferably used because an alignment film is not needed and a wide viewing angle is obtained in that case.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates a cross-sectional structure example of a touch panel where a liquid crystal display device is used as the display panel 70 .
  • the polarizing plate 132 is provided in a position closer to the viewing side than that of the electrodes and the like in the touch sensor.
  • a substrate 114 provided with the electrode 31 , the electrode 32 , and the like is attached to the substrate 72 with the adhesive layer 152
  • the polarizing plate 132 is attached to the substrate 114 with the adhesive layer 155 .
  • the protective substrate 130 attached to the polarizing plate 132 with the adhesive layer 156 is provided in a position closer to the viewing side than that of the polarizing plate 132 .
  • a film having flexibility or the like is preferably used as the substrate 114 because the thickness of the touch panel can be decreased.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a cross-sectional structure example of a touch panel where a liquid crystal display device is used as the display panel.
  • the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor are formed on the substrate 71 side of the substrate 72 .
  • the substrate 72 is provided with the electrode 32 , the electrode 33 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), the wiring 42 , the insulating layer 161 covering these components, and the bridge electrode 34 riding the insulating layer 161 , and the like.
  • the insulating layer 233 is formed to cover the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor.
  • the coloring layer 231 , the light-blocking layer 232 , and the like are formed over the insulating layer 233 .
  • the polarizing plate 132 is attached to the opposite side of the substrate 72 with the adhesive layer 155 .
  • the protective substrate 130 is attached to the polarizing plate 132 with the adhesive layer 156 .
  • the input device and the display panel can share the substrate and one surface of the substrate 72 can be used as a touch surface; thus, the thickness of the touch panel can be further decreased.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a cross-sectional structure example of a touch panel where a liquid crystal display device is used as the display panel.
  • the electrodes and the like of the touch sensor are provided on a side of the substrate 72 opposite to the substrate 71 side.
  • the bridge electrode 34 is formed over a surface of the substrate 72 on a side opposite to the side where the coloring layer 231 and the like are provided;
  • the insulating layer 161 is formed to cover part of the bridge electrode 34 ; and the electrode 31 , the electrode 32 , the wiring 41 (not illustrated), the wiring 42 , and the like are formed over the insulating layer 161 .
  • the polarizing plate 132 is attached to the substrate 72 with the adhesive layer 152
  • the protective substrate 130 is attached to the polarizing plate 132 with the adhesive layer 156 .
  • an element layer includes a display element, for example, and may include a wiring electrically connected to a display element or an element such as a transistor used in a pixel or a circuit in addition to the display element.
  • a support body e.g., the substrate 91 or the substrate 191 in FIG. 23
  • a substrate with an insulating surface where an element layer is formed
  • an element layer As a method for forming an element layer over a flexible substrate provided with an insulating surface, there are a method in which an element layer is formed directly over a substrate, and a method in which an element layer is formed over a supporting base material that has stiffness and then the element layer is separated from the supporting base material and transferred to the substrate.
  • the element layer be formed directly over the substrate, in which case a manufacturing process can be simplified.
  • the element layer is preferably formed in a state where the substrate is fixed to a supporting base material, in which case transfer thereof in an apparatus and between apparatuses can be easy.
  • the element layer is formed over the supporting base material and then transferred to the substrate.
  • a separation layer and an insulating layer are stacked over the supporting base material, and then the element layer is formed over the insulating layer.
  • the element layer is separated from the supporting base material and then transferred to the substrate.
  • selected is a material with which separation at an interface between the supporting base material and the separation layer, at an interface between the separation layer and the insulating layer, or in the separation layer occurs.
  • a stacked layer of a layer including a high-melting-point metal material, such as tungsten, and a layer including an oxide of the metal material be used as the insulating layer as the separation layer, and a stacked layer of a plurality of layers, such as a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxynitride layer be used as the insulating layer over the separation layer.
  • a high-melting-point metal material such as tungsten
  • a layer including an oxide of the metal material be used as the insulating layer as the separation layer
  • a stacked layer of a plurality of layers such as a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxynitride layer
  • the separation may be performed by application of mechanical power, by etching of the separation layer, by dripping of a liquid into part of the separation interface to penetrate the entire separation interface, or the like.
  • separation may be performed by heating the separation interface by utilizing a difference in thermal expansion coefficient.
  • the separation layer is not necessarily provided in the case where separation can occur at an interface between the supporting base material and the insulating layer.
  • glass and an organic resin such as polyimide may be used as the supporting base material and the insulating layer, respectively, and a separation trigger may be formed by locally heating part of the organic resin by laser light or the like, so that separation may be performed at an interface between the glass and the insulating layer.
  • a metal layer may be provided between the supporting base material and the insulating layer formed of an organic resin, and separation may be performed at the interface between the metal layer and the insulating layer formed of an organic resin by heating the metal layer by feeding current to the metal layer.
  • a layer of a light-absorbing material (e.g., a metal, a semiconductor, or an insulator) may be provided between the supporting base layer and the insulating layer formed of an organic resin and locally heated with laser light or the like to form a separation trigger.
  • the insulating layer formed of an organic resin can be used as a substrate.
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polyacrylonitrile resin, a polyimide resin, a polymethyl methacrylate resin, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, a polyethersulfone (PES) resin, a polyamide resin, a cycloolefin resin, a polystyrene resin, a polyamide imide resin, and a polyvinyl chloride resin.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • a polyamide resin a cycloolefin resin
  • a polystyrene resin a polyamide imide resin
  • PET polyvinyl chloride resin
  • a substrate in which a fibrous body is impregnated with a resin (also referred to as prepreg) or a substrate whose thermal expansion coefficient is reduced by mixing an inorganic filler with an organic resin can also
  • a high-strength fiber of an organic compound or an inorganic compound is used as the fibrous body.
  • the high-strength fiber is specifically a fiber with a high tensile elastic modulus or a fiber with a high Young's modulus.
  • Typical examples thereof include a polyvinyl alcohol based fiber, a polyester based fiber, a polyamide based fiber, a polyethylene based fiber, an aramid based fiber, a polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fiber, a glass fiber, and a carbon fiber.
  • glass fiber glass fiber using E glass, S glass, D glass, Q glass, or the like can be used.
  • These fibers may be used in a state of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and a structure body in which this fibrous body is impregnated with a resin and the resin is cured may be used as the flexible substrate.
  • the structure body including the fibrous body and the resin is preferably used as the flexible substrate, in which case the reliability against bending or breaking due to local pressure can be increased.
  • glass, metal, or the like that is thin enough to have flexibility can be used as the substrate.
  • a composite material where glass and a resin material are attached to each other may be used.
  • a first separation layer and the insulating layer 94 are formed in this order over a first supporting base material, and then components over the first separation layer and the insulating layer 94 are formed.
  • a second separation layer and the insulating layer 194 are formed in this order over a second supporting base material, and then upper components are formed.
  • the first supporting base material and the second supporting base material are attached to each other with the adhesive layer 151 .
  • separation at an interface between the second separation layer and the insulating layer 194 is conducted so that the second supporting base material and the second separation layer are removed, and then the substrate 191 is attached to the insulating layer 194 with the adhesive layer 192 .
  • separation at an interface between the first separation layer and the insulating layer 94 is conducted so that the first supporting base material and the first separation layer are removed, and then the substrate 91 is attached to the insulating layer 94 with the adhesive layer 92 . Note that either side may be subjected to separation and attachment first.
  • a light-emitting element and a liquid crystal element are used as a display element here, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a display element such as a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) element or an electron-emissive element can be used in the display device.
  • MEMS display elements include a MEMS shutter display element, an optical interference type MEMS display element, and the like.
  • a carbon nanotube may be used for the electron-emissive element.
  • electronic paper may be used. As the electronic paper, an element using a microcapsule method, an electrophoretic method, an electrowetting method, an Electronic Liquid Powder (registered trademark) method, or the like can be used.
  • FIG. 28A is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a mutual capacitive touch sensor.
  • FIG. 28A illustrates a pulse voltage output circuit 601 and a current sensing circuit 602 .
  • six wirings X 1 to X 6 represent electrodes 621 to which a pulse voltage is applied
  • six wirings Y 1 to Y 6 represent electrodes 622 that sense changes in current.
  • FIG. 28A also illustrates a capacitor 603 that is formed where electrodes 621 and 622 overlap with each other. Note that functional replacement between the electrodes 621 and 622 is possible.
  • the pulse voltage output circuit 601 is a circuit for sequentially applying a pulse voltage to the wirings X 1 to X 6 .
  • a pulse voltage By application of a pulse voltage to the wirings X 1 to X 6 , an electric field is generated between the electrodes 621 and 622 of the capacitor 603 .
  • the electric field between the electrodes is shielded, for example, a change occurs in mutual capacitance of the capacitor 603 . The approach or contact of an object can be sensed by utilizing this change.
  • the current sensing circuit 602 is a circuit for sensing changes in current flowing through the wirings Y 1 to Y 6 that are caused by the change in capacitance in the capacitor 603 . No change in current value is sensed in the wirings Y 1 to Y 6 when there is no approach or contact of an object, whereas a decrease in current value is sensed when capacitance is decreased owing to the approach or contact of an object. Note that an integrator circuit or the like is used for sensing of current values.
  • FIG. 28B is a timing chart showing input and output waveforms in the mutual capacitive touch sensor illustrated in FIG. 28A .
  • detection of an object is performed in all the rows and columns in one frame period.
  • FIG. 28B shows a period when an object is not detected (not touched) and a period when an object is detected (touched).
  • Sensed current values of the wirings Y 1 to Y 6 are shown as waveforms of voltage values.
  • a pulse voltage is sequentially applied to the wirings X 1 to X 6 , and waveforms of the wirings Y 1 to Y 6 change in accordance with the pulse voltage.
  • the waveforms of the wirings Y 1 to Y 6 change in accordance with changes in the voltages of the wirings X 1 to X 6 .
  • the current value is decreased at the point of approach or contact of the object and accordingly the waveform of the voltage value changes.
  • the pulse voltage output circuit 601 and the current sensing circuit 602 be mounted on a substrate in a housing of an electronic appliance or on the touch panel in the form of an IC.
  • the touch panel has flexibility, parasitic capacitance might be increased in a bent portion of the touch panel, and the influence of noise might be increased.
  • a driving method capable of increasing a signal-noise ratio (S/N ratio) is applied.
  • FIG. 28A is a passive matrix type touch sensor in which only the capacitor 603 is provided at the intersection portion of wirings as a touch sensor, an active matrix type touch sensor including a transistor and a capacitor may be used.
  • FIG. 29 is a sensor circuit included in an active matrix type touch sensor.
  • the sensor circuit includes the capacitor 603 and transistors 611 , 612 , and 613 .
  • a signal G 2 is input to a gate of the transistor 613 .
  • a voltage VRES is applied to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 613 , and one electrode of the capacitor 603 and a gate of the transistor 611 are electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 613 .
  • One of a source and a drain of the transistor 611 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 612 , and a voltage VSS is applied to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 611 .
  • a signal G 1 is input to a gate of the transistor 612 , and a wiring ML is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 612 .
  • the voltage VSS is applied to the other electrode of the capacitor 603 .
  • a potential for turning on the transistor 613 is supplied as the signal G 2 , and a potential with respect to the voltage VRES is thus applied to the node n connected to the gate of the transistor 611 . Then, a potential for turning off the transistor 613 is applied as the signal G 2 , whereby the potential of the node n is maintained.
  • capacitance of the capacitor 603 changes owing to the approach or contact of an object such as a finger, and accordingly the potential of the node n is changed from VRES.
  • a potential for turning on the transistor 612 is supplied as the signal G 1 .
  • a current flowing through the transistor 611 that is, a current flowing through the wiring ML is changed in accordance with the potential of the node n. By sensing this current, the approach or contact of an object can be detected.
  • the transistors 611 , 612 , and 613 each include an oxide semiconductor in a semiconductor layer where a channel is formed.
  • the potential of the node n can be held for a long time and the frequency of operation (refresh operation) of resupplying VRES to the node n can be reduced.
  • the electrodes in the touch sensor are formed over a substrate different from a substrate where the display element and the like are provided are described above, one or both of the pair of electrodes in the touch sensor may be formed over the substrate where the display element and the like are provided.
  • a structural example of a touch panel incorporating the touch sensor into a display portion including a plurality of pixels is described below.
  • a liquid crystal element is used as a display element provided in the pixel is shown.
  • FIG. 30A is an equivalent circuit diagram of part of a pixel circuit provided in the display portion of the touch panel in this structure example.
  • Each pixel includes at least a transistor 3503 and a liquid crystal element 3504 .
  • a gate of the transistor 3503 is electrically connected to a wiring 3501
  • one of a source and a drain of the transistor 3503 is electrically connected to a wiring 3502 .
  • the pixel circuit includes a plurality of wirings extending in the X direction (e.g., a wiring 3510 _ 1 and a wiring 3510 _ 2 ) and a plurality of wirings extending in the Y direction (e.g., a wiring 3511 ). These wirings are provided to intersect with each other, and capacitance is formed therebetween.
  • the pixel circuit Among the pixels provided in the pixel circuit, electrodes on one side of the liquid crystal elements of some pixels adjacent to each other are electrically connected to each other to form one block.
  • the block is classified into two types: an island-shaped block (e.g., a block 3515 _ 1 or a block 3515 _ 2 ) and a linear block (e.g., a block 3516 ) extending in the Y direction. Note that only part of the pixel circuit is illustrated in FIGS. 30A and 30B , but actually, these two kinds of blocks are repeatedly arranged in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the wiring 3510 _ 1 (or 3510 _ 2 ) extending in the X direction is electrically connected to the island-shaped block 3515 _ 1 (or the block 3515 _ 2 ).
  • the wiring 3510 _ 1 extending in the X direction is electrically connected to a plurality of island-shaped blocks 3515 _ 1 which are provided discontinuously along the X direction with the linear blocks therebetween.
  • the wiring 3511 extending in the Y direction is electrically connected to the linear block 3516 .
  • FIG. 30B is an equivalent circuit diagram illustrating the connection between a plurality of wirings 3510 extending in the X direction and the plurality of wirings 3511 extending in the Y direction.
  • An input voltage or a common potential can be input to each of the wirings 3510 extending in the X direction.
  • a ground potential can be input to each of the wirings 3511 extending in the Y direction, or the wirings 3511 can be electrically connected to the sensing circuit.
  • one frame period is divided into a writing period and a sensing period.
  • the writing period is a period in which image data is written to a pixel, and the wirings 3510 (also referred to as gate lines or scan lines) are sequentially selected.
  • the sensing period is a period in which sensing is performed by a touch sensor, and the wirings 3510 extending in the X direction are sequentially selected and an input voltage is input.
  • FIG. 31A is an equivalent circuit diagram in the writing period.
  • a common potential is input to both the wiring 3510 extending in the X direction and the wiring 3511 extending in the Y direction.
  • FIG. 31B is an equivalent circuit diagram at a certain point of time in the sensing period.
  • each of the wirings 3511 extending in the Y direction is electrically connected to the sensing circuit.
  • An input voltage is input to the wirings 3510 extending in the X direction which are selected, and a common potential is input to the wirings 3510 extending in the X direction which are not selected.
  • the driving method described here can be applied to not only an in-cell touch panel but also the above-described touch panels, and can be used in combination with the method described in the driving method example.
  • a period in which an image is written and a period in which sensing is performed by a touch sensor be separately provided as described above.
  • a decrease in sensitivity of the touch sensor caused by noise generated when data is written to a pixel can be suppressed.
  • Electronic devices and lighting devices can be manufactured by using the input device, the display device, or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Highly reliable electronic devices and lighting devices with curved surfaces can be manufactured by using the input device, the display device, or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • flexible and highly reliable electronic devices and lighting devices can be manufactured by using the input device, the display device, or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • electronic devices and lighting devices including touch sensors with improved detection sensitivity and sensing accuracy can be manufactured by using the input device or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Examples of electronic devices include a television set (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a monitor of a computer or the like, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone (also referred to as a mobile phone device), a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, an audio reproducing device, a large game machine such as a pinball machine, and the like.
  • the electronic device or the lighting device of one embodiment of the present invention has flexibility and therefore can be incorporated along a curved inside/outside wall surface of a house or a building or a curved interior/exterior surface of a car.
  • the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery. It is preferable that the secondary battery be capable of being charged by contactless power transmission.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery such as a lithium polymer battery (lithium ion polymer battery) using a gel electrolyte, a lithium ion battery, a nickel-hydride battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, an organic radical battery, a lead-acid battery, an air secondary battery, a nickel-zinc battery, and a silver-zinc battery can be given.
  • the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna.
  • the electronic device can display an image, data, or the like on a display portion.
  • the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
  • FIGS. 32A, 32B , 32 C 1 , 32 C 2 , 32 D, and 32 E illustrate examples of an electronic device including a display portion 7000 with a curved surface.
  • the display surface of the display portion 7000 is bent, and images can be displayed on the bent display surface.
  • the display portion 7000 may be flexible.
  • the display portion 7000 can be formed using the display device, the input/output device, or the like of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to provide a highly reliable electronic device having a curved display portion.
  • FIG. 32A illustrates an example of a mobile phone.
  • a mobile phone 7100 includes a housing 7101 , the display portion 7000 , operation buttons 7103 , an external connection port 7104 , a speaker 7105 , a microphone 7106 , and the like.
  • the mobile phone 7100 illustrated in FIG. 32A includes a touch sensor in the display portion 7000 . Moreover, operations such as making a call and inputting a letter can be performed by touch on the display portion 7000 with a finger, a stylus, or the like.
  • buttons 7103 power ON or OFF can be switched.
  • types of images displayed on the display portion 7000 can be switched; for example, switching from a mail creation screen to a main menu screen can be performed.
  • FIG. 32B illustrates an example of a television set.
  • the display portion 7000 is incorporated into a housing 7201 .
  • the housing 7201 is supported by a stand 7203 .
  • the television set 7200 illustrated in FIG. 32B can be operated with an operation switch of the housing 7201 or a separate remote controller 7211 .
  • the display portion 7000 may include a touch sensor.
  • the display portion 7000 can be operated by touching the display portion with a finger or the like.
  • the remote controller 7211 may be provided with a display portion for displaying data output from the remote controller 7211 . With operation keys or a touch panel of the remote controller 7211 , channels and volume can be controlled and images displayed on the display portion 7000 can be controlled.
  • the television set 7200 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like.
  • a general television broadcast can be received with the receiver.
  • the television set is connected to a communication network with or without wires via the modem, one-way (from a transmitter to a receiver) or two-way (between a transmitter and a receiver or between receivers) data communication can be performed.
  • FIGS. 32 C 1 , 32 C 2 , 32 D, and 32 E illustrate examples of a portable information terminal
  • Each of the portable information terminals includes a housing 7301 and the display portion 7000 .
  • Each of the portable information terminals may also include an operation button, an external connection port, a speaker, a microphone, an antenna, a battery, or the like.
  • the display portion 7000 is provided with a touch sensor. An operation of the portable information terminal can be performed by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger, a stylus, or the like.
  • FIG. 32 C 1 is a perspective view of a portable information terminal 7300 .
  • FIG. 32 C 2 is a top view of the portable information terminal 7300 .
  • FIG. 32D is a perspective view of a portable information terminal 7310 .
  • FIG. 32E is a perspective view of a portable information terminal 7320 .
  • Each of the portable information terminals illustrated in this embodiment functions as, for example, one or more of a telephone set, a notebook, and an information browsing system. Specifically, the portable information terminals each can be used as a smartphone. Each of the portable information terminals illustrated in this embodiment is capable of executing a variety of applications such as mobile phone calls, e-mailing, reading and editing texts, music reproduction, Internet communication, and a computer game, for example.
  • the portable information terminals 7300 , 7310 , and 7320 can display characters and image information on its plurality of surfaces. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 32 C 1 and 32 D, three operation buttons 7302 can be displayed on one surface, and information 7303 indicated by a rectangle can be displayed on another surface.
  • FIGS. 32 C 1 and 32 C 2 illustrate an example in which information is displayed at the top of the portable information terminal.
  • FIG. 32D illustrates an example in which information is displayed on the side of the portable information terminal.
  • Information may be displayed on three or more surfaces of the portable information terminal
  • FIG. 32E illustrates an example where information 7304 , information 7305 , and information 7306 are displayed on different surfaces.
  • Examples of the information include notification from a social networking service (SNS), display indicating reception of an e-mail or an incoming call, the title of an e-mail or the like, the sender of an e-mail or the like, the date, the time, remaining battery, and the reception strength of an antenna.
  • SNS social networking service
  • the operation button, an icon, or the like may be displayed instead of the information.
  • a user of the portable information terminal 7300 can see the display (here, the information 7303 ) on the portable information terminal 7300 put in a breast pocket of his/her clothes.
  • a caller's phone number, name, or the like of an incoming call is displayed in a position that can be seen from above the portable information terminal 7300 .
  • the user can see the display without taking out the portable information terminal 7300 from the pocket and decide whether to answer the call.
  • FIGS. 32F to 32H each illustrate an example of a lighting device having a curved light-emitting portion.
  • the light-emitting portion included in each of the lighting devices illustrated in FIGS. 32F to 32H can be manufactured using the display device, an input/output device, or the like of one embodiment of the present invention. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a highly reliable lighting device having a curved light-emitting portion can be provided.
  • a lighting device 7400 illustrated in FIG. 32F includes a light-emitting portion 7402 with a wave-shaped light-emitting surface and thus is a good-design lighting device.
  • a light-emitting portion 7412 included in the lighting device 7410 illustrated in FIG. 32G has two convex-curved light-emitting portions symmetrically placed. Thus, all directions can be illuminated with the lighting device 7410 as a center.
  • a lighting device 7420 illustrated in FIG. 32H includes a concave-curved light-emitting portion 7422 . This is suitable for illuminating a specific range because light emitted from the concave-curved light-emitting portion 7422 is collected to the front of the lighting device 7420 . In addition, with this structure, a shadow is less likely to be produced.
  • the light-emitting portion included in each of the lighting devices 7400 , 7410 and 7420 may be flexible.
  • the light-emitting portion may be fixed on a plastic member, a movable frame, or the like so that a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting portion can be bent freely depending on the intended use.
  • the lighting devices 7400 , 7410 , and 7420 each include a stage 7401 provided with an operation switch 7403 and the light-emitting portion supported by the stage 7401 .
  • a housing provided with a light-emitting portion can be fixed on a ceiling or suspended from a ceiling. Since the light-emitting surface can be curved, the light-emitting surface is curved to have a concave shape, whereby a particular region can be brightly illuminated, or the light-emitting surface is curved to have a convex shape, whereby a whole room can be brightly illuminated.
  • FIGS. 33 A 1 , 33 A 2 , 33 B, 33 C, 33 D, 33 E, 33 F, 33 G, 33 H, and 331 each illustrate an example of a portable information terminal including a display portion 7001 having flexibility.
  • the display portion 7001 is manufactured using the display device, the input/output device, or the like of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a display device, or an input/output device that can be bent with a radius of curvature of greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 150 mm can be used.
  • the display portion 7001 may include a touch sensor so that the portable information terminal can be operated by touching the display portion 7001 with a finger or the like.
  • One embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to provide a highly reliable electronic device including a display portion having flexibility.
  • FIGS. 33 A 1 and 33 A 2 are a perspective view and a side view illustrating an example of the portable information terminal, respectively.
  • a portable information terminal 7500 includes a housing 7501 , the display portion 7001 , a display portion tab 7502 , operation buttons 7503 , or the like.
  • the portable information terminal 7500 includes a rolled flexible display portion 7001 in the housing 7501 .
  • the portable information terminal 7500 can receive a video signal with a control portion incorporated therein and can display the received video on the display portion 7001 .
  • the portable information terminal 7500 incorporates a battery.
  • a terminal portion for connecting a connector may be included in the housing 7501 so that a video signal or power can be directly supplied from the outside with a wiring.
  • FIGS. 33 A 1 , 33 A 2 , and 33 B illustrate an example where the operation buttons 7503 are positioned on a side surface of the portable information terminal 7500 , one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the operation buttons 7503 may be placed on a display surface (a front surface) or a rear surface of the portable information terminal 7500 .
  • FIG. 33B illustrates the portable information terminal 7500 in a state where the display portion 7001 is pulled out with the display portion tab 7502 . Videos can be displayed on the display portion 7001 in this state.
  • the portable information terminal 7500 may perform different displays in the state where part of the display portion 7001 is rolled as shown in FIG. 33 A 1 and in the state where the display portion 7001 is pulled out with the display portion tab 7502 as shown in FIG. 33B .
  • the rolled portion of the display portion 7001 is put in a non-display state, which results in a reduction in power consumption of the portable information terminal 7500 .
  • a reinforcement frame may be provided for a side portion of the display portion 7001 so that the display portion 7001 has a flat display surface when pulled out.
  • FIGS. 33C to 33E illustrate an example of a foldable portable information terminal
  • FIG. 33C illustrates a portable information terminal 7600 that is opened.
  • FIG. 33D illustrates the portable information terminal 7600 that is being opened or being folded.
  • FIG. 33E illustrates the portable information terminal 7600 that is folded.
  • the portable information terminal 7600 is highly portable when folded, and is highly browsable when opened because of a seamless large display area.
  • a display portion 7001 is supported by three housings 7601 joined together by hinges 7602 .
  • the portable information terminal 7600 can be reversibly changed in shape from an opened state to a folded state.
  • FIGS. 33F and 33G illustrate an example of a foldable portable information terminal
  • FIG. 33F illustrates a portable information terminal 7650 that is folded so that the display portion 7001 is on the inside.
  • FIG. 33G illustrates the portable information terminal 7650 that is folded so that the display portion 7001 is on the outside.
  • the portable information terminal 7650 includes the display portion 7001 and a non-display portion 7651 .
  • the portable information terminal 7650 is folded so that the display portion 7001 is on the inside, whereby the display portion 7001 can be prevented from being contaminated or damaged.
  • FIG. 33H illustrates an example of a flexible portable information terminal.
  • a portable information terminal 7700 includes a housing 7701 and the display portion 7001 .
  • the portable information terminal 7700 may include buttons 7703 a and 7703 b which serve as input means, speakers 7704 a and 7704 b which serve as sound output means, an external connection port 7705 , a microphone 7706 , or the like.
  • a flexible battery 7709 can be included in the portable information terminal 7700 .
  • the battery 7709 may be arranged to overlap with the display portion 7001 , for example.
  • the housing 7701 , the display portion 7001 , the battery 7709 are flexible. Thus, it is easy to curve the portable information terminal 7700 into a desired shape or to twist the portable information terminal 7700 .
  • the portable information terminal 7700 can be curved so that the display portion 7001 is on the inside or on the outside.
  • the portable information terminal 7700 can be used in a rolled state. Since the housing 7701 and the display portion 7001 can be transformed freely in this manner, the portable information terminal 7700 is less likely to be broken even when the portable information terminal 7700 falls down or external stress is applied to the portable information terminal 7700 .
  • the portable information terminal 7700 can be used conveniently in various situations because the portable information terminal 7700 is lightweight.
  • the portable information terminal 7700 can be used in the state where the upper portion of the housing 7701 is suspended by a clip or the like, or in the state where the housing 7701 is fixed to a wall by magnets or the like.
  • FIG. 33I illustrates an example of a wrist-watch-type portable information terminal.
  • the portable information terminal 7800 includes a band 7801 , the display portion 7001 , an input-output terminal 7802 , operation buttons 7803 , and the like.
  • the band 7801 has a function of a housing.
  • a flexible battery 7805 can be included in the portable information terminal 7800 .
  • the battery 7805 may overlap with the display portion 7001 and the band 7801 , for example.
  • the band 7801 , the display portion 7001 , and the battery 7805 have flexibility.
  • the portable information terminal 7800 can be easily curved to have a desired shape.
  • buttons 7803 With the operation buttons 7803 , a variety of functions such as time setting, ON/OFF of the power, ON/OFF of wireless communication, setting and cancellation of silent mode, and setting and cancellation of power saving mode can be performed.
  • the functions of the operation buttons 7803 can be set freely by the operating system incorporated in the portable information terminal 7800 .
  • the portable information terminal 7800 can employ near field communication conformable to a communication standard. In that case, for example, mutual communication between the portable information terminal and a headset capable of wireless communication can be performed, and thus hands-free calling is possible.
  • the portable information terminal 7800 may include the input-output terminal 7802 .
  • the input-output terminal 7802 is included in the portable information terminal 7800 , data can be directly transmitted to and received from another information terminal via a connector. Charging through the input-output terminal 7802 is also possible. Note that charging of the portable information terminal described as an example in this embodiment can be performed by contactless power transmission without using the input-output terminal.
  • FIG. 34A is an external view of an automobile 9700 .
  • FIG. 34B illustrates a driver's seat of the automobile 9700 .
  • the automobile 9700 includes a car body 9701 , wheels 9702 , a dashboard 9703 , lights 9704 , and the like.
  • the display device or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in a display portion or the like of the automobile 9700 .
  • the display device or the input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in display portions 9710 to 9715 illustrated in FIG. 34B .
  • the display portion 9710 and the display portion 9711 are display devices or input/output devices provided in an automobile windshield.
  • the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be a see-through display device or input/output device, through which the opposite side can be seen, by using a light-transmitting conductive material for its electrodes.
  • Such a see-through display device or input/output device does not hinder driver's vision during the driving of the automobile 9700 . Therefore, the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided in the windshield of the automobile 9700 .
  • a transistor having light-transmitting properties such as an organic transistor using an organic semiconductor material or a transistor using an oxide semiconductor, is preferably used.
  • the display portion 9712 is a display device or an input device provided on a pillar portion. For example, an image taken by an imaging unit provided in the car body is displayed on the display portion 9712 , whereby the view hindered by the pillar portion can be compensated.
  • the display portion 9713 is a display device or an input device provided on the dashboard. For example, an image taken by an imaging unit provided in the car body is displayed on the display portion 9713 , whereby the view hindered by the dashboard can be compensated. That is, by displaying an image taken by an imaging unit provided on the outside of the automobile, blind areas can be eliminated and safety can be increased. Displaying an image to compensate for the area which a driver cannot see makes it possible for the driver to confirm safety easily and comfortably.
  • FIG. 34C illustrates the inside of a car in which a bench seat is used as a driver seat and a front passenger seat.
  • a display portion 9721 is a display device or input/output device provided in a door portion.
  • the display portion 9721 can compensate for the view hindered by the door portion by showing an image taken by an imaging unit provided on the car body.
  • a display portion 9722 is a display device or input/output device provided in a steering wheel.
  • a display portion 9723 is a display device or input/output device provided in the middle of a seating face of the bench seat. Note that the display device or input/output device can be used as a seat heater by providing the display device or input/output device on the seating face or backrest and by using heat generated by the display device or input/output device as a heat source.
  • the display portions each including the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be flat, in which case the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have a curved surface or flexibility.
  • FIG. 34D illustrates a portable game machine including a housing 901 , a housing 902 , a display portion 903 , a display portion 904 , a microphone 905 , a speaker 906 , an operation button 907 , a stylus 908 , and the like.
  • the portable game machine illustrated in FIG. 34D includes two display portions 903 and 904 .
  • the number of display portions of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to two and can be one or three or more as long as at least one display portion includes the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 34E illustrates a laptop personal computer, which includes a housing 921 , a display portion 922 , a keyboard 923 , a pointing device 924 , and the like.
  • the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in the display portion 922 .
  • FIG. 35A is an external view of a camera 8000 .
  • the camera 8000 includes a housing 8001 , a display portion 8002 , an operation button 8003 , a shutter button 8004 , and a connection portion 8005 .
  • a lens 8006 can be put on the camera 8000 .
  • connection portion 8005 includes an electrode to connect with a finder 8100 , which is described below, a stroboscope, or the like.
  • the lens 8006 of the camera 8000 here is detachable from the housing 8001 for replacement, the lens 8006 may be included in a housing.
  • Images can be taken at a touch of the shutter button 8004 .
  • images can be taken at a touch of the display portion 8002 which serves as a touch panel.
  • the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in the display portion 8002 .
  • FIG. 35B shows the camera 8000 with the finder 8100 connected.
  • the finder 8100 includes a housing 8101 , a display portion 8102 , and a button 8103 .
  • the housing 8101 includes a connection portion for the connection portion 8005 of the camera 8000 , and the finder 8100 can be connected to the camera 8000 .
  • the connection portion includes an electrode, and an image or the like received from the camera 8000 through the electrode can be displayed on the display portion 8102 .
  • the button 8103 has a function of a power button, and the display portion 8102 can be turned on and off with the button 8103 .
  • the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in the display portion 8102 .
  • the housing 8001 of the camera 8000 may include a finder having the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 35C illustrates an external view of a head-mounted display 8200 .
  • the head-mounted display 8200 includes a mounting portion 8201 , a lens 8202 , a main body 8203 , a display portion 8204 , a cable 8205 , and the like.
  • the mounting portion 8201 includes a battery 8206 .
  • the main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver or the like to receive video data, such as image data, and display it on the display portion 8204 .
  • video data such as image data
  • the movement of the eyeball and the eyelid of a user can be captured by a camera in the main body 8203 and then coordinates of the points the user looks at can be calculated based on the captured data to utilize the eye point of the user as an input means.
  • the mounting portion 8201 may include a plurality of electrodes that are to be in contact with the user.
  • the main body 8203 may be configured to sense current flowing through the electrodes with the movement of the user's eyeball to recognize the location of his/her eye.
  • the main body 8203 may be configured to sense current flowing through the electrodes to monitor the user's pulse.
  • the mounting portion 8201 may include sensors, such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, or an acceleration sensor and display the user's biological information on the display portion 8204 .
  • the main body 8203 may be configured to sense the movement of the user's head to move an image displayed on the display portion 8204 in synchronization with the movement of the user's head.
  • the display device or input/output device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in the display portion 8204 .

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  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
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