TWI844568B - 抑制shp2活性化合物之製造方法、及由酸加成產生之產物 - Google Patents
抑制shp2活性化合物之製造方法、及由酸加成產生之產物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於能夠抑制SHP2活性的化合物之(藥學上可接受的)鹽及其多晶型物,以及所述化合物的游離鹼形式之多晶型物,和/或製造所述化合物、其(藥學上可接受的)鹽和多晶型物之方法。
Src同源區-2磷酸酶(SHP2)係有助於多種細胞功能(包括增殖、分化、細胞週期維持和遷移)的、由PTPN11基因編碼的非受體蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶。SHP2參與藉由Ras-絲裂原活化蛋白激酶、JAK-STAT或磷酸肌醇3-激酶-AKT途徑的傳訊。
作為SHP2抑制劑描述於WO/2015/107495 A1中,其中還描述了利用該化合物的各種治療方法和處理方法。
Src同源區-2磷酸酶(SHP2)係有助於多種細胞功能(包括增殖、分化、細胞週期維持和遷移)的、由PTPN11基因編碼的非受體蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶。SHP2參與藉由Ras-絲裂原活化蛋白激酶、JAK-STAT或磷酸肌醇3-激酶-AKT途徑的傳訊。
SHP2具有兩個N末端Src同源區2結構域(N-SH2和C-SH2)、催化結構域(PTP)和C末端尾部。兩個SH2結構域控制SHP2的亞細胞定位和功能調節。該分子以藉由涉及來自N-SH2和PTP結構域的殘基的結合網路穩定的無活性的、自身抑制構象存在。藉由例如細胞介素或生長因子的刺激導致催化位點的暴露,導致SHP2的酶促活化。
在PTPN11基因並隨後在SHP2中的突變已經在多種人類疾病(如努南氏症、Leopard症候群、青少年骨髓單核球白血病、神經母細胞瘤、黑素瘤、急性骨髓性白血病,以及乳癌、肺癌、和結腸癌)中被鑒定出。因此,SHP2代表了用於開發治療各種疾病的新療法的極具吸引力的靶標。可根據本發明製造的化合物滿足了對抑制SHP2活性的小分子的需要。
WO/2015/107495A1描述了製造具有式I之化合物的方法,其特徵可在於以下反應方案:
然後使由上述步驟g產生的最後一種化合物如下反應:
因此得到具有式I之化合物(上述方案中的最後一種化合物)。該合成至少需要9個所示步驟,並且相當適合於實驗室量的合成。
製造係困難的,並且例如在上述反應方案中在步驟g中需要分離非鏡像異構物。此外,許多中間體不結晶,因此它們不得不在不允許利用基於結晶的更高純度的情況下使用。
此外,在該方法中使用了進一步的層析步驟。
此外,上述方案1中用於反應a的醛起始材料係文獻中已知的化合物,但是不能大量獲得(僅以克規模,例如來自奧達醫藥公司(Aldlab Chemicals)),示出一些固有的不穩定性使得有利地是立即製備和使用該起始材料-因此對於大規模合成(例如,以千克或更大規模製造),更難以使用該起始材料。
此外,環化(方案1中的步驟d)僅具有中等產率,其中還存在離析物、所需產物的甲苯磺酸酯和另外的雜質,因此需要分離。
方案1)中步驟e的酮底物產物係部分外消旋的,即使使用鏡像物純的醛起始材料,也導致在步驟f中形成4種非鏡像異構物(這實際上包括兩步,縮合和還原),導致需要進一步分離的95:5比例的兩種主要非鏡像異構物。
此外,合成涉及許多油性中間體,如以下方案中所示:
因此,該方法雖然尤其是在實驗室規模上係容易實現的,但對於大規模製造來說並不理想。F
在方案2中的反應b中添加的化合物在WO 2015/107495 A1中作為以下「中間體10」獲得:
這裡的問題係由方案3中的反應a產生的胺的低收率。
另外,雖然WO 2015/107495 A1一般性地提及可以獲得具有式I之化合物的藥學上可接受的鹽,但沒有描述獲得這種鹽的具體原因和鹽的具體實例。此外,考慮到式I中許多潛在的成鹽基團,根本不清楚是否可以形成具有明確化學計量的任何鹽。
在第一方面,本發明提供製造如上所述之具有式I之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽、酸共晶體、水合物或其他溶劑化物的方法,所述方法包括:
根據以下反應方案,使具有式II之化合物與具有式III之化合物反應:
其中在上式中,A係酸的陰離子,LG係脫離基,並且n和m係整數,例如,1、2或3,使得具有式II之化合物係不帶電荷的。
在第二方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式IV之化合物與具有式HnAV酸反應以得到具有式II之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,HY係手性酸,A係酸的陰離子,並且n和m係整數,例如,1、2或3,使得具有式II之化合物係不帶電荷的。
在第三方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式V之化合物或其鹽與具有式HY之手性酸反應以得到具有式IV之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,並且HY係手性酸。
在第四方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式VI之化合物反應以得到具有式V之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,並且R2係烷基,尤其是三級烷基。
在第五方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,還原具有式VII之化合物以得到具有式VI之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,並且R2係烷基,較佳的是三級烷基。
在第六方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式VIII之化合物與具有式IX之化合物反應以得到具有式VII之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,並且R2係烷基,較佳的是三級烷基。
在第七方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案氧化具有式X之化合物以得到具有式VIII之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團。
在第八方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,環化具有式XI之化合物以得到具有式X之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,Pr1O係脫離基,並且Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團。
在第九方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,用具有式Pr1H之化合物保護具有式XII之化合物以得到具有式XI之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,Pr1O係脫離基,尤其是甲苯磺醯基,Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
在第十方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,還原具有式XIII之化合物以得到具有式XII之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,Ra係未取代的或取代的烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基基團,並且Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
在第十一方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式XIV之化合物與具有式XV之化合物反應以得到具有式XIII之化合物:
在上式中,R1係二級胺基的保護基團,Ra係未取代的或取代的烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基基團,並且Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
在第十二方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,還原具有式XVI之化合物以得到具有式XIV之化合物:
在上式中,Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基,R3係烷基基團,並且R4係烷基基團。
在第十三方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,使具有式XVII之酯化合物與具有式R4ONHR3之化合物反應以得到具有式XVI之化合物:
在上式中,Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基,R3係烷基基團,R4係烷基基團,並且R5係未取代的或取代的烷基基團或未取代的或取代的芳基基團。
在第十四方面,本發明之方法另外包括
根據以下反應方案,用具有式Pr2HAL之化合物保護具有式XVIII之化合物以得到具有式XVII之化合物:
在上式中,Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,尤其是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基,HAL係鹵素,並且R5係未取代的或取代的烷基基團或未取代的或取代的芳基基團。
根據本發明的第十五方面,游離鹼形式的具有式I之化合物,尤其是可根據本發明的第一方面或根據第二至第十四發明方面中任一項獲得的或較佳的是根據本發明的第一方面或根據第二至第十四發明方面中任一項獲得的化合物,較佳的是根據以下反應方案藉由與具有式HrB的無機或較佳的是有機酸反應轉化為具有式I*之酸加成鹽:
HrB係酸,其中f係整數,較佳的是1、2、3或4。
在本發明的第十六個實施方式中,具有式III之化合物較佳的是藉由如下方式獲得:較佳的是在非質子溶劑如鹵代烴、腈、醚或C1-C6烷醯基-二(C1-C6烷基)醯胺,如乙腈、二氯甲烷、四氫呋喃或N,N-二甲基乙醯胺,或該等溶劑中的兩種或更多種的混合物中,較佳的是在範圍為10℃至反應混合物沸點的溫度下,例如從10℃到100℃用鹵化劑,例如鹵代琥珀醯胺,如溴代琥珀醯亞胺鹵化具有式XVIII之化合物,
其中LG係脫離基,尤其是鹵素如氯,以得到具有式XIX之化合物
其中LG係脫離基,尤其是如剛才所定義的,並且Hal係鹵素,尤其是溴,然後用具有式XX之巰基化合物取代,
R6O-C(=O)-CH2-CH2-SH (XX)
其中R6係未取代的或取代的烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基,尤其是C1-C6烷基,如乙基,以得到具有式XXI之化合物,
其中LG係脫離基並且R6係未取代的或取代的烷基或未取代的或取代的芳基,兩者較佳的是如剛才所定義的-該反應較佳的是在包含貴金屬,尤其是鈀和配位基如Xantphos的貴金屬錯合物存在下,在三級胺如二異丙基乙胺存在下,
在非質子溶劑,例如酯,較佳的是環酯,如二中,較佳的是在升高,例如從30℃到反應混合物沸點的溫度下進行,
然後用鹼金屬(尤其是鋰、鉀或最尤其是鈉)的烷氧基化物,尤其是甲氧基化物或乙氧基化物,處理具有式XXI之化合物以得到具有式XXII之化合物,
其中Mt係鹼金屬,尤其是如剛才所定義的,然後使具有式XXII之化合物與具有式XXIII之化合物反應-該反應較佳的是在溶劑如醇(例如甲醇或乙醇(尤其是與烷氧基化物匹配的醇,使得烷氧基與醇中的有機殘基相同))和醚(例如環醚,如四氫呋喃)的混合物中,較佳的是在範圍為從0至50℃的溫度下進行,
以得到具有式III之化合物
其中LG係脫離基,尤其是如上對具有式III之化合物所定義的。
具有式XXIII之化合物可較佳的是藉由以下方式獲得:使具有式XXIV之化合物
與碘在強鹼,尤其是烷基-鹼金屬,如正丁基鋰,和氮鹼,尤其是二異丙胺或二乙胺的存在下,在溶劑如無環醚或尤其是環醚,較佳的是四氫呋喃中,在較佳的低溫下,例如,在範圍為-80℃至-5℃的溫度下反應;
並藉由用氨處理所得的具有式XXV之化合物,
以得到具有式XXIII之化合物。然後該反應較佳的是在氣態氨和惰性極性溶劑如DMSO存在下,尤其是在升高的溫度下,較佳的是在範圍為30℃至反應混合物沸點,例如在85℃至95℃的溫度下進行。
作為由具有式XVIII之化合物合成的替代,也可以藉由用氨處理具有式XXVI之化合物
以得到具有式XIX之化合物,其中Hal係氯(反應條件較佳的是如剛才對於具有式XXV之化合物的反應所述)來得到具有式XIX之化合物,其中Hal係氯並且LG係氯,然後經由具有式XXI、XXII之化合物的進一步反應,然後如上與具有式XXIII之化合物(較佳的是如上所述得到)反應以得到具有式III之化合物,每種化合物和反應條件較佳的是如上所較佳的定義的。
在第十七個實施方式中,可以使剛剛描述的具有式XXVI之化合物與氨反應(較佳的是在水性介質中並且在範圍為從0℃至80℃的溫度下)以得到具有式XIX之化合物,其中Hal係氯並且LG係氯,然後使具有式XIX之化合物與具有式Mt2S的(較佳的是無水的)鹼金屬硫化物反應,其中Mt係鹼金屬,
尤其是鈉,然後用具有式(alk)4NZ之季銨鹵化物進行後處理,其中每個alk彼此獨立地是烷基,尤其是正烷基,如C1-C6-烷基,並且Z係鹵素,尤其是氯或更尤其是溴,以得到具有式XXVII之化合物,
其中alk如剛剛定義的,然後可以使具有式XXVII之化合物與具有式XXIII之化合物(可較佳的是如上所述製備)反應,較佳的是在碘化銅(I)錯合物如CuI/啡啉存在下,在適當的溶劑中,例如在水或醇或其混合物中,較佳的是在水和/或甲醇、乙醇或尤其是異丙醇中,較佳的是在範圍為從-20℃至80℃的溫度下,例如從0℃至40℃的溫度下反應,以得到具有式III之化合物。
以下定義以較佳的更具體的方式定義更一般的特徵,並且可以藉由定義了更具體的發明實施方式的更具體的定義替換本發明變體實施方式中的一個、多於一個或所有更一般的特徵-對於上述反應實施方式及其如上所述之較佳的形式而言也是如此。
所提及的化合物可以以游離形式或作為其鹽存在,其中存在成鹽基團(例如亞胺基或胺基),尤其是酸加成鹽,僅舉幾例,如與無機酸,如鹵化氫,例如HCl、硫酸或磷酸形成的鹽;和/或與有機酸,如磺酸如甲基磺酸或乙基磺酸或甲苯磺酸、膦酸或羧酸,例如烷酸如乙酸或檸檬酸形成的鹽。
在下文中,定義了上述反應的較佳的條件:
化合物II與具有式III之化合物的反應(反應h)(其中LG係脫離基,較佳的是鹵素,尤其是氯或溴)較佳的是在弱鹼,如鹼金屬碳酸鹽或者碳酸氫鹽存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑中,如烷酸的N,N-二烷基醯胺,例如二甲基乙醯胺或二甲基甲醯胺中,較佳的是在升高的溫度下,例如在範圍為從30℃至反應混合物沸點的溫度下,例如從50℃至100℃的溫度下進行。
使具有式IV之化合物反應以得到具有式II之化合物(反應i)較佳的是在如上下文所定義的具有式HnA的(非手性)有機或較佳的是無機酸,較佳的是三氟乙酸、三氟甲磺酸,或較佳的是無機酸,例如,硫酸、磷酸或尤其是鹵化氫,最尤其是氯化氫的存在下,較佳的是在溶劑中,例如,在醇或醇的混合物,如異丙醇和/或甲醇中,和/或在水存在下(尤其是如果R2係醯基,尤其是低級烷醯基,例如乙醯基),在範圍為從0℃至溶劑沸點的較佳的溫度下,例如,從10℃至(尤其是在R2為醯基的情況下)40℃的溫度下進行。
具有式V之化合物與手性酸HY反應以得到具有式IV之化合物(反應j)較佳的是在非極性、尤其是非質子性溶劑如腈,例如乙腈的存在下,較佳的是在範圍為從10℃至反應混合物沸點的溫度下,例如從15℃至75℃的溫度下進行。手性酸HY較佳的是手性羧酸或磺酸或膦酸,尤其是具有一個羧酸(-COOH)基團的手性羧酸,例如(-)-O-乙醯基-D-扁桃酸(mandelic acid)、二苄基-D-酒石酸、或二對甲苯甲醯基-D-酒石酸。R1較佳的是係C1-C6烷氧基羰基,例如三級丁氧基羰基,並且A較佳的是係酸的陰離子,尤其是剛好在本段前面的段落中提到的酸的陰離子。
使具有式VI之化合物得到具有式V之化合物的反應(反應k)較佳的是在酸,尤其是強酸,例如無機酸,如硫酸、磷酸或尤其是氫鹵酸,較佳的是鹽酸存在下,較佳的是在溶劑中,例如在醇,如烷醇,例如甲醇、乙醇或尤其是異丙醇,或酯,如烷基烷酸酯,例如乙酸異丙酯或其混合物中,在存在
或不存在水的情況下,在範圍為從-50℃至30℃的較佳的溫度下,例如從-30℃至10℃的溫度下,得到該酸的鹽形式的具有式V之化合物,然後較佳的是與鹼,尤其是藉由連續加入與鹼,例如鹼金屬氫氧化物,如LiOH、KOH或尤其是NaOH,較佳的是在有機溶劑中,例如在醚,如甲基三級丁基醚中,較佳的是在低溫下,例如在範圍為從-50℃至10℃的溫度下,尤其是從-20℃至0℃的溫度下反應,轉化為具有式V之化合物的游離鹼。R1較佳的是C1-C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基,並且R2較佳的是三級-C4-C6烷基,如三級丁基。
還原具有式VII之化合物以得到具有式VI之化合物(反應l)較佳的是用能夠還原亞胺基的錯合氫化物如硼氫化鋰,較佳的是在有機溶劑中,例如,在醇(例如丙醇、乙醇或尤其是甲醇)和/或醚(尤其是環醚,如四氫呋喃)的混合物中,較佳的是在低溫下,例如在範圍為從-78℃至0℃的溫度下,尤其是從-50℃至-20℃的溫度下進行。R1和R2較佳的是如剛好在本段前面的段落中所定義的。
具有式VIII之化合物與具有式IX之化合物反應以得到具有式VII之化合物(反應m)較佳的是在活化羰基以進行縮合的路易士酸,如四異丙酸鈦或尤其是四乙醇鈦存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑中,例如,在醚,如環醚,尤其是四氫呋喃中,在範圍為從20℃至反應混合物沸點的較佳的溫度下,例如從40℃至80℃下的溫度下進行。R1和R2較佳的是如剛好在本段前面的上兩個段落中所定義的。
氧化具有式X之化合物以得到具有式VIII之化合物(反應n)較佳的是在氧化劑如TEMPO和漂白劑(尤其是次氯酸鈉或次氯酸鉀,雅韋爾溶液)的混合物、TEMPO和(二乙醯氧基)碘苯或較佳的是戴斯-馬丁試劑存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑中,例如在鹵代烴,如二氯甲烷中,較佳的是在範
圍為從-40℃至40℃的溫度下,例如從-10℃至30℃的溫度下進行。R1較佳的是C1-C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基。
環化具有式XI之化合物以得到具有式X之化合物(反應o)較佳的是在相轉移催化劑,例如四烷基銨鹵化物,如四正丁基溴化銨存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,如醚,尤其是環醚,例如四氫呋喃中,在範圍為從-20℃至50℃,例如從-5至30℃的較佳的溫度下進行。R1較佳的是C1-C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基,R2較佳的是三級-C4-C6烷基,如三級丁基,Pr1O較佳的是烷氧基或較佳的是全氟烷基磺醯氧基、甲苯磺醯氧基或甲磺醯氧基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
用具有式Pr1H的化合物保護具有式XII之化合物以得到具有式XI之化合物(反應p)較佳的是在鹼,如雙(三烷基取代矽基)胺基鹼金屬,如雙(三甲基矽基)醯胺化鋰存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,如醚,例如環醚,如四氫呋喃中,在範圍為從-50℃至50℃的較佳的溫度下,例如從-10℃至10℃的溫度下進行。R1較佳的是C1-C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基,Pr1較佳的是烷基或較佳的是全氟烷基磺醯基、甲苯磺醯基或甲磺醯基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
將具有式XIII之化合物還原為具有式XII之化合物(反應q)較佳的是用能夠將酯化羧基還原為羥甲基的錯合氫化物如氫化鋁鋰、Red-Al(鈉-雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氫化鋁)、硼氫化鈉,在氯化鈣或尤其是硼氫化鋰存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,如醚,例如環醚,例如四氫呋喃中,較佳的是在範圍為從-50℃至50℃的溫度下,例如從10℃至40℃的溫度下進行。R1較佳的是C1-
C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基,Ra較佳的是烷基,更較佳的是C1-C6烷基,例如乙基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
具有式XIV之化合物與具有式XV之化合物反應以得到具有式XIII之化合物(反應r)較佳的是在強鹼,如雙(三甲基矽基)醯胺化鋰、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶鋰或尤其是二異丙基醯胺化鋰存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,較佳的是醚,如環醚,尤其是四氫呋喃中,較佳的是在低溫下,例如,在範圍為從-78℃至0℃,例如從-60℃至-18℃的溫度下進行。R1較佳的是C1-C6烷氧基羰基,如三級丁氧基羰基,Ra較佳的是烷基,更較佳的是C1-C6烷基,例如乙基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
使具有式XVI之化合物反應以得到具有式XIV之化合物(反應s)較佳的是在能夠將羥基醯胺基團還原成羰基的還原劑,例如Red-Al或尤其是氫化鋁鋰存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,如醚和/或鹵代烴,例如環醚和/或鹵代烷烴,如四氫呋喃和/或二氯甲烷中,較佳的是在低溫下,例如從-100℃至0℃,如從-78℃至-50℃的溫度下進行。Pr2較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基,並且R3和R4各自較佳的是烷基,更尤其是甲基或乙基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基-或二苯基烷基-矽基基團,較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
使具有式XVII之化合物反應以得到具有式XVI之化合物(反應t)較佳的是用具有式R3-O-NH-R4的羥胺化合物進行,其中R3和R4如上對具有式XVI之化合物所定義的。
在上式中,Pr2係取代的矽基保護基團,R3係烷基基團,R4係烷基基團,並且R5係未取代的或取代的烷基基團或未取代的或取代的芳基基團。該反應較佳的是在格氏試劑(Grignard reagent),較佳的是具有式Org-MgX的格氏試劑,其中Org係烴基,尤其是具有至多10個碳原子的烴基,尤其是異丙基氯化鎂的存在下進行。較佳的是,反應在範圍為從-50℃至50℃,例如,範圍為從-20℃至20℃的溫度下進行。R3和R4各自彼此獨立地較佳的是C1-C6烷基,例如乙基或尤其甲基,並且Pr2較佳的是三烷基矽基基團,更較佳的是三甲基矽基、三級丁基二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。
用具有式Pr2HAL的化合物保護具有式XVIII之化合物以得到具有式XVII之化合物(反應u)較佳的是在三級氮鹼如咪唑存在下,較佳的是在非質子溶劑,如鹵代烴,尤其是二氯甲烷中,在範圍為從-50℃至50℃,尤其是從-20℃至20℃的較佳的是溫度下進行。
較佳的是,R5係苯基-C1-C6烷基或尤其是C1-C6烷基;Pr2係三甲基矽基、三級丁基-二苯基矽基、三異丙基矽基或尤其是三級丁基二甲基矽基。HAL較佳的是溴或尤其是氯。
具有式I之化合物與酸HrB(較佳的是無機酸,例如氫鹵酸(r=2),如鹽酸、硫酸(r=2)或磷酸(r=3),或特別是有機酸,例如甲磺酸或己二酸(r=1),或尤其是二碳酸(r=2),較佳的是富馬酸,最較佳的是琥
珀酸)反應以得到式I*化合物(實際上係鹽)較佳的是在乙腈、水和/或一種或多種醇,如(在每種情況下視需要為水性)甲醇、乙醇或異丙醇(或它們中2或3種的混合物)或乙腈中,在從-40℃至反應混合物沸點的較佳的是溫度下,較佳的是從30℃至80℃的溫度下,較佳的是然後冷卻,例如從-30℃至30℃進行。可替代地,鹽可以在酸HrB存在下,在範圍為從20℃至70℃的溫度下,較佳的是在有機溶劑,如醚,例如四氫呋喃中,由具有式I之化合物的懸浮液獲得。HrB較佳的是如上下文對具有式HnA的酸所定義的酸,或更尤其選自由琥珀酸(最較佳的)、鹽酸、甲磺酸、富馬酸和己二酸組成的組。
較佳的是,每種具有式I*之鹽可以藉由用如下實例6-14中所述得到的相應的鹽接種來獲得。
本發明還是關於以下發明實施方式:
實施方式A:本發明還是關於具有式I*之化合物或更確切的鹽,尤其是結晶形式的鹽
其中HrB係選自以下群組的酸,該群組由琥珀酸(最較佳的)、鹽酸、甲磺酸、富馬酸和己二酸組成。
二價酸的游離鹼比率較佳的是在以下範圍內:(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺:酸(mol:mol)=1:1至1:1.5,或者可以為2:1。在下文中,具有式I*之化合物基本上藉由命名酸的陰離子(例如琥珀酸鹽)來命名,括弧表示(近似的,例如±40%,更較佳的是相應的第二值的±35%)化學計量,例如(1:1)意指每1(±40%,較佳的是±35%)分子(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-
4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺(「游離鹼」)1分子酸(例如琥珀酸),或例如(2:1)意指每1(±40%,較佳的是±35%)分子「游離鹼」2分子酸,例如在例如半琥鉑酸鹽的情況下。
當提及具有式I*之化合物時,這可能是關於鹽或共晶形式,其可能偶爾不能用下面表示的一些表徵方法與真正的鹽區分,但是例如藉由NMR光譜學可與真正的鹽區分。較佳的是提及鹽。
實施方式B:更較佳的是,所述具有式I*之化合物係(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺(其游離形式係具有式I之化合物)琥珀酸鹽。
實施方式C:最較佳的是,本發明係關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(1:1)半水合物形式HA(落入式I*),尤其是藉由XRPD(X射線粉末衍射圖案)表徵的具有以下2-θ值中的至少一個、兩個、三個或全部:8.1、16.3、17.5、22.5和26.8。
更較佳的是,XRPD示出實例6中2-θ值表中指示的2-θ峰,並且還更較佳的是XRPD如圖1中所示。
還較佳的是(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(1:1)半水合物形式HA(落入式I*),其熔點在差示掃描量熱法(DSC)中於186℃開始,該特徵可單獨使用或與剛才提到的XRPD數據結合使用。
實施方式D:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺鹽酸鹽(落入式I*),尤其是具有在實例7的2-θ表中示出的一個、兩個、三個、四個或更多個或所有XRPD峰,尤其是具有如圖2所示的XRPD圖。
實施方式E:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺甲磺酸鹽(落入式I*),尤其是具有在實例8的2-θ表中示出的一個、兩個、三個、四個或更多個或所有XRPD峰,尤其是具有如圖3所示的XRPD圖。
實施方式F:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺富馬酸鹽(落入式I*),尤其是具有在實例9的2-θ表中示出的一個、兩個、三個、四個或更多個或所有XRPD峰,尤其是具有如圖4所示的XRPD圖。
實施方式G:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺己二酸鹽(落入式I*),較佳的是,後者的特徵可以在於具有如實例10中的2-θ表所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或更多個或較佳的是所有XRPD峰,尤其是如圖5中所示的XRPD圖或DSC中在145.3℃下的熔化開始溫度,或該等特徵的任何組合。
實施方式H:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(1:1)無水物變型A(落入式I*),較佳的是,其特徵在於具有14.8、19.2、19.7、22.3、24.8、25.8的2-θ值或如實例11中的2-θ表中所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或更多個XRPD或較佳的是所有峰,尤其是如圖6所示的XRPD圖,或在DSC中在175.5℃下的熔化開始,或該等特徵的任何組合。
實施方式I:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(2:1)水合物變型HA(落入式I*),較佳的是,其特徵在於具有11.5、19.1、22.0、23.7、24.9°的2-θ值或如實例12中的2-θ表中所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或較佳
的是所有XRPD峰,尤其是如圖7所示的XRPD圖,或在DSC中在167.9℃下的熔化開始,或該等特徵的任何組合。
實施方式J:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(2:1)無水物變型A(落入式I*),較佳的是,其特徵在於具有4.9、13.3、16.4、17.0、19.6、20.6、23.5°的2-θ值或如實例14中的2-θ表中所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或較佳的是所有峰,尤其是如圖8所示的XRPD圖,或在DSC中在174.0℃下的熔化開始,或該等特徵的任何組合。
實施方式K:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離鹼,尤其是其變型A,較佳的是,後者的特徵可以在於具有如實例13中的2-θ表中所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或更多個或較佳的是所有XRPD峰,尤其是如圖9所示的XRPD圖,或在DSC中在145.3℃下的熔化開始溫度,或該等特徵的任何組合。
實施方式L:本發明還是關於(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(2:1)水合物變型HB(落入式I*),較佳的是,其特徵在於具有4.8、12.1、16.4、17.0、19.6、20.6、23.6°的2-θ值或如實例15中的2-θ表中所示的2-θ值的1、2、3或更多個XRPD峰,尤其具有如圖10所示的XRPD圖,或在171.7℃下的DSC開始溫度,或該等特徵的任何組合。
注意,在給出2-θ值的每種情況下(也在實例中),它們(為了補償測量誤差)意指相應值的°2θ±0,5°2θ、更較佳的是±0,2°2θ。當提及1、2、3或更多個XRPD峰時,最較佳的是具有所有提及峰的形式。
本發明還是關於以下藥物組成物,其包含:具有式I*之化合物,以及至少一種藥學上可接受的賦形劑,
其中HrB係選自以下群組的酸,該群組由琥珀酸(最較佳的)、鹽酸、甲磺酸、富馬酸和己二酸組成,更較佳的是上述實施方式A至K中任一個中提到的鹽或鹽形式,最較佳的是尤其如上述實施方式C中定義的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺單琥珀酸鹽水合形式HA。
本發明還是關於治療動物、尤其是人的疾病的方法,其中SHP2活性的調節可以預防、抑制或改善疾病的病理學和/或症狀學,該方法包括投與動物(尤其是有此需要的動物)治療有效量的單獨或與另一種抗癌治療劑同時或依次組合的如前段所述之鹽。
本發明還是關於如上文實施方式A至K中任一項所述之鹽或鹽形式用於治療其中SHP2活性可預防、抑制或改善疾病的病理學和/或症狀學的動物的疾病的方法,所述方法包括將所述鹽或鹽形式投與溫血動物,尤其是人類患者。
本發明還是關於如上文實施方式A至K中任一項所述之鹽或鹽形式在製造用於治療動物、尤其是人類患者的疾病的藥物中的用途,其中SHP活性有助於疾病的病理學和/或症狀學。
在所有實施方式中,琥珀酸鹽水合形式HA係用於實施的最較佳的鹽形式
「SHP2」意指「Src同源區-2磷酸酶」,並且也稱為SH-PTP2、SH-PTP3、Syp、PTP1D、PTP2C、SAP-2或PTPN11。
攜帶「PTPN11突變」的癌症包括但不限於:N58Y;D61Y,V;E69K;A72V,T,D;E76G,Q,K(ALL);G60A;D61Y;E69V;F71K;A72V;T73I;E76G,K;R289G;G503V(AML);G60R,D61Y,V,N;Y62D;E69K;A72T,V;T73I;E76K,V,G,A,Q;E139D;G503A,R;Q506P(JMML);G60V;D61V;E69K;F71L;A72V;E76A(MDS);Y63C(CMML);Y62C;E69K;T507K(成神經細胞瘤);V46L;N58S;E76V(肺癌);R138Q(黑素瘤);E76G(結腸癌)。
本發明還包括在上述方法中並且尤其是在上述實施方式A至K中提到的化合物的所有合適的同位素變體。同位素變體被定義為其中至少一個原子被具有相同原子序數但原子質量不同於通常在自然界中發現的原子質量的原子取代的同位素變體。可摻入的同位素的實例包括但不限於氫、碳、氮和氧的同位素,例如像2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、35S、18F、36Cl和123I。某些同位素變體,例如其中摻入放射性同位素如3H或14C的那些,可用於藥物和/或底物組織分佈研究。在特定實例中,可以使用3H和14C同位素以便於其製備和檢測。在其他實例中,用例如2H的同位素進行取代可以提供由更高的代謝穩定性導致的某些治療優勢,例如體內半衰期延長或劑量需求減少。通常可以使用合適試劑的適當同位素變體藉由常規方法製備同位素變體。
Src同源區-2磷酸酶(SHP2)係有助於多種細胞功能(包括增殖、分化、細胞週期維持和遷移)的、由PTPN11基因編碼的蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶。SHP2參與藉由Ras-絲裂原活化蛋白激酶、JAK-STAT或磷酸肌醇3-激酶-AKT途徑的傳訊。SHP2藉由受體酪胺酸激酶(例如ErbB1、ErbB2和c-Met)介導Erk1和Erk2(Erk1/2,Erk)MAP激酶的活化。
SHP2具有兩個N末端Src同源區2結構域(N-SH2和C-SH2)、催化結構域(PTP)和C末端尾部。兩個SH2結構域控制SHP2的亞細胞定位和功
能調節。該分子以無活性構象存在,藉由涉及來自N-SH2和PTP結構域的殘基的結合網路抑制其自身活性。響應於生長因子刺激,SHP2藉由其SH2結構域與停靠蛋白(例如Gab1和Gab2)上的特定酪胺酸磷酸化位點結合。這誘導構象變化,導致SHP2活化。
PTPN11中的突變已經在多種人類疾病(如努南氏症、Leopard症候群、青少年骨髓單核球白血病、神經母細胞瘤、黑素瘤、急性骨髓性白血病,以及乳癌、肺癌、和結腸癌)中被鑒定出。SHP2係多種受體酪胺酸激酶的重要下游傳訊分子,包括血小板衍生的生長因子(PDGF-R)、成纖維細胞生長因子(FGF-R)和表皮生長因子(EGF-R)的受體。SHP2也是用於活化絲裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶途徑的重要下游傳訊分子,該途徑可導致細胞轉化(這係癌症發展的先決條件)。敲低SHP2顯著抑制具有SHP2突變或EML4/ALK易位的肺癌細胞系的細胞生長以及EGFR擴增的乳癌和食管癌。SHP2也在胃癌、間變性大細胞淋巴瘤和膠質母細胞瘤中的癌基因下游被活化。
努南氏症(NS)和Leopard症候群(LS)-PTPN11突變引起LS(多發性雀斑(multiple lentigenes)、心電圖傳導異常、眼距過寬、肺動脈狹窄、生殖器異常、生長遲緩、感覺神經性耳聾)和NS(先天性異常,包括心臟缺陷、顱面骨畸形和身材矮小)。這兩種障礙都是由正常細胞生長和分化所需的RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK分裂原活化蛋白激酶途徑的組分中的種系突變引起的常染色體顯性遺傳綜合症家族的一部分。該途徑的異常調節具有深遠的影響,特別是對心臟發育,導致各種異常,包括瓣膜隔膜缺損和/或肥厚性心肌病(HCM)。已經確定MAPK傳訊途徑的擾動對該等障礙係關鍵的,並且已經在人類中鑒定了沿著該途徑的幾種候選基因,包括KRAS、NRAS、SOS1、RAF1、BRAF、MEK1、MEK2、SHOC2、和CBL中的突變。在NS和LS中最常突變的基因係PTPN11。PTPN11(SHP2)中的種系突變在約50%的NS病例和幾
乎所有與NS共用某些特徵的LS患者中均有發現。對於NS,該蛋白質中的Y62D和Y63C取代很大程度上係不變的並且是最常見的突變之一。這兩種突變均影響SHP2的催化上無活性的構象,而不干擾磷酸酶與其磷酸化傳訊配偶體的結合。
青少年骨髓單核球白血病(JMML)-PTPN11(SHP2)中的體細胞突變發生在約35% JMML(一種兒童骨髓增生性障礙(MPD))患者中。該等功能獲得性突變通常是N-SH2結構域或磷酸酶結構域中的點突變,其阻止催化結構域和N-SH2結構域之間的自身抑制,產生SHP2活性。
急性骨髓性白血病-PTPN11突變已在以下中被鑒定出:約10%的小兒急性白血病,如骨髓增生異常綜合症(MDS);約7%的B細胞急性成淋巴細胞性白血病(B-ALL);和約4%的急性骨髓性白血病(AML)。
NS和白血病突變導致位於由呈自抑制型SHP2構象的N-SH2和PTP結構域形成的介面處的胺基酸改變,破壞了抑制性分子內相互作用,導致催化結構域的活性過高。
SHP2充當受體酪胺酸激酶(RTK)傳訊的正調節子。包含RTK改變(EGFRamp,Her2amp,FGFRamp,Metamp,易位的/活化的RTK,即ALK、BCR/ABL)的癌症包括食管癌、乳癌、肺癌、結腸癌、胃癌、膠質瘤、頭頸癌。
食管癌(esophageal cancer)或食道癌(oesophageal cancer)係食管的惡性腫瘤。存在多種亞型,主要是鱗狀細胞癌(<50%)和腺癌。食管腺癌和鱗狀細胞癌中RTK表現率很高。因此,本發明的SHP2抑制劑可用於創新性治療策略。
乳癌(breast cancer)係癌症的主要類型並且是女性死亡的主要原因,其中患者對現有藥物具有物耐性。乳癌有四個主要亞型,包括管腔上皮A型、管腔上皮B型、Her2樣、以及三陰性/基底樣乳癌。三陰性乳癌(TNBC)
係一種缺乏特異性靶向治療的侵襲性乳癌。表皮生長因子受體I(EGFR)已成為TNBC中有希望的靶標。藉由SHP2抑制Her2以及EGFR可能是乳癌中有希望的療法。
肺癌-NSCLC目前係癌症相關死亡率的主要原因。約占肺癌的85%(主要是腺癌和鱗狀細胞癌)。雖然細胞毒性化療仍然是治療的重要組成部分,但基於腫瘤中EGFR和ALK等遺傳改變的靶向治療更有可能從靶向療法中獲益。
結腸癌-已知約30%至50%的結腸直腸腫瘤具有突變的(異常)KRAS,並且在10%至15%的結腸直腸癌中發生BRAF突變。對一部分患者(已經證明其結腸直腸腫瘤過度表現EGFR),該等患者對抗EGFR治療表現出有利的臨床反應。
胃癌係最常見的癌症類型之一。酪胺酸激酶的異常表現,如由胃癌細胞中異常酪胺酸磷酸化所反映的,係本領域已知的。三種受體-酪胺酸激酶(c-met(HGF受體)、FGF受體2、和erbB2/neu)經常在胃癌中擴增。因此,不同訊號途徑的破壞可能促成不同類型的胃癌的進展。
神經母細胞瘤係發育性交感神經系統的兒科腫瘤,約占兒童癌症的約8%。已假定間變性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)基因的基因組改變促成神經母細胞瘤的發病機制。
頭頸部鱗狀細胞癌(SCCHN)。高水平的EGFR表現與多種癌症(主要是頭頸部鱗狀細胞癌(SCCHN))的不良預後和對放射療法的抗性相關。阻斷EGFR傳訊導致對受體刺激、細胞增殖的抑制,並使侵襲性和轉移降低。因此,EGFR係SCCHN中新抗癌療法的主要靶標。
本發明係關於能夠抑制SHP2活性的化合物鹽和鹽形式。
在某些實施方式中,本發明係關於前述方法和用途,其中所述SHP2介導的障礙係如下癌症,該等癌症選自但不限於:JMML;AML;MDS;B-ALL;神經母細胞瘤;食管癌;乳癌;肺癌;結腸癌;胃癌;頭頸癌。其他障礙選自:NS;LS;JMML;AML;MDS;B-ALL;神經母細胞瘤;食管癌;乳癌;肺癌;結腸癌;胃癌;頭頸癌。
本發明的SHP2抑制劑(尤其是具有式I*之SHP2抑制劑,最較佳的是如上述實施方式A至K中任一項所述)可以有用地結合另一種藥理活性化合物,或結合兩種或更多種其他藥理活性化合物組合(特別用於治療癌症)。例如,如上所定義的具有式(I)的化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽可以與一種或多種選自如下抗增殖劑,例如抗癌或化學治療劑的藥劑以組合形式同時、依次或分開投與:例如,有絲分裂抑制劑,如紫杉烷(taxane)、長春花生物鹼(vinca alkaloid)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、多西他賽(docetaxel)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春花鹼(vinblastine)、長春瑞濱(vinorelbine)或長春氟寧(vinflunine),和其他抗癌劑,如順鉑(cisplatin)、5-氟尿嘧啶或5-氟-2-4(1 H,3H)-嘧啶二酮(5FU)、氟他胺(flutamide)或吉西他濱(gemcitabine)。
這樣的組合可以提供顯著優勢,包括治療中的協同活性。
藥物組成物
在另一方面,本發明提供了包含治療有效量的一種或多種上述(尤其是在上述實施方式A至K中描述的)化合物鹽或形式的藥學上可接受的組成物,其與一種或多種藥學上可接受的載體(添加劑)和/或稀釋劑配製在一起。如下文詳細描述的,本發明的藥物組成物可以針對以固體或液體形式投與而進行特別配製,包括適用於以下的那些:(1)口服投與,例如,浸液(drench)(水性或非水溶液或懸浮液)、片劑(例如針對口腔、舌下和全身吸收的那些)、丸劑、粉劑、顆粒劑、糊劑(應用於舌);(2)腸胃外投與,例
如,藉由皮下、肌內、靜脈內或硬膜外注射(作為例如無菌溶液或懸浮液,或緩釋配製物);(3)局部施用,例如,作為施用於皮膚的乳膏劑、軟膏劑或控釋貼劑或噴霧;(4)陰道內或直腸內投與,例如作為陰道栓、乳膏劑或泡沫劑;(5)舌下投與;(6)經眼投與;(7)經皮投與;(8)經鼻投與;(9)經肺投與;或(10)鞘內投與。
在組成物中還可以存在潤濕劑、乳化劑和潤滑劑,如十二烷基硫酸鈉和硬脂酸鎂,以及著色劑、釋放劑、包衣劑、甜味劑、調味劑和芳香劑、防腐劑和抗氧化劑。
本發明的配製物(藥物組成物)包括適合於經口、鼻、局部(包括口腔和舌下)、直腸、陰道和/或腸胃外投與的那些。配製物可以方便地以單位劑型存在並且可以藉由藥學領域熟知的任何方法製備。可以與載體材料組合以產生單一劑型的活性成分的量將取決於所治療的宿主和特定的給藥方式而變化。可以與載體材料組合以產生單一劑型的活性成分的量通常為產生療效的化合物的量。通常,在百分之百的範圍內,該量範圍為從約0.1%至約99%的活性成分,較佳的是從約5%至約70%,最較佳的是從約10%至約30%。
一般而言,具有式I*之化合物的合適日劑量將是該化合物有效產生治療效果的最低劑量的量。這種有效劑量通常取決於上述因素。通常,當用於所示的鎮痛作用時,具有式I*之化合物對患者的經口、靜脈內、腦室內和皮下劑量範圍為每天每千克體重從約0.0001至約100mg。
如果需要的話,具有式I*之活性化合物(或任何組成物配偶體)的有效日劑量可以在全天以適當的間隔以二、三、四、五、六個或更多個亞劑量分開投與,視需要,以單位劑型投與。較佳的劑量係每天一次投與。
在某些實施方式中,本發明的配製物包含選自下組的賦形劑,該組由以下組成:環糊精、纖維素、脂質體、膠束形成劑(例如膽汁酸)和聚
合物載體(例如聚酯和聚酸酐);和本發明的化合物。在某些實施方式中,前述配製物使得具有式I*之化合物在口服方面係生物可利用的。
適用於口服給藥的本發明配製物可以呈膠囊、扁囊劑、丸劑、片劑、錠劑(使用調味基質,通常為蔗糖和阿拉伯膠或黃茋膠)、粉劑、顆粒劑的形式,或作為在水溶性或非水溶性液體中的溶液或懸浮液,或作為水包油或油包水液體乳劑,或作為酏劑或糖漿,或作為軟錠劑(使用惰性基質,例如明膠和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯膠),和/或作為漱口水等等,每一形式含有預定量的具有式I*之化合物作為活性成分。具有式I*之化合物還能以大丸劑、藥糖劑或糊劑形式投與。
在本發明用於口服給藥的固體劑型(膠囊、片劑、丸劑、糖衣丸、粉劑、顆粒劑、含片(trouch)等)中,將活性成分(鹽或鹽形式,尤其如上述實施方式A至K所述)與以下混合:一種或多種藥學上可接受的載體,如檸檬酸鈉或磷酸二鈣,和/或以下任何一種:(1)填充劑或增量劑,如澱粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和/或矽酸;(2)黏合劑,如例如羧甲基纖維素、藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯膠;(3)保濕劑,如甘油;(4)崩散劑,如瓊脂、碳酸鈣、馬鈴薯或木薯澱粉、海藻酸、某些矽酸鹽和碳酸鈉;(5)溶液阻滯劑,如石蠟;(6)吸收促進劑,如季銨化合物和表面活性劑,如泊洛沙姆和十二烷基硫酸鈉;(7)潤濕劑,例如像鯨蠟醇、單硬脂酸甘油酯和非離子表面活性劑;(8)吸收劑,如高嶺土和膨潤土;(9)潤滑劑,如滑石、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、固體聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸鈉、硬脂酸鋅、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸及其混合物;(10)著色劑;和(11)控釋劑,如交聚維酮或乙基纖維素。在膠囊、片劑和丸劑的情況下,藥物組成物還可以包含緩衝劑。還可以使用此類賦形劑,如乳糖(lactose或milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇等,將相似類型的固體組成物用作軟殼和硬殼明膠膠囊中的填料。
片劑可以藉由壓縮或模製(視需要與一種或多種輔助成分一起)來製備。可以使用黏合劑(例如,明膠或羥丙基甲基纖維素)、潤滑劑、惰性稀釋劑、防腐劑、崩散劑(例如,羥基乙酸澱粉鈉或交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉)、表面活性劑或分散劑來製備壓縮片劑。模製片劑可以藉由在合適的機器中模製用惰性液體稀釋劑潤濕的粉末化合物的混合物來製備。
術語「治療(treatment)」或「治療(treating)」特別旨在也涵蓋預防、治療和治癒。
藥物組合
本發明尤其是關於具有式I*之化合物、尤其是如上述實施方式A至K中所定義的化合物在治療本文提及的一種或多種疾病中的用途;其中對治療的反應係有益的,如例如藉由部分或完全除去疾病的一種或多種症狀直至完全治癒或緩解來證明。
具有式(I*)之化合物尤其還可以與以下藥物化合物和治療中的任何一種或多種組合使用:
BCR-ABL抑制劑:伊馬替尼(Imatinib)(Gleevec®);Inilotinib鹽酸鹽;尼洛替尼(Nilotinib)(Tasigna®);達沙替尼(BMS-345825);柏舒替尼(Bosutinib)(SKI-606);珀那替尼(Ponatinib)(AP24534);巴非替尼(Bafetinib)(INNO406);達努舍替(Danusertib)(PHA-739358)、AT9283(CAS 1133385-83-7);沙卡替尼(Saracatinib)(AZD0530);以及N-[2-[(1S,4R)-6-[[4-(環丁基胺基)-5-(三氟甲基)-2-嘧啶基]胺基]-1,2,3,4-四氫萘-1,4-亞胺-9-基]-2-側氧基乙基]-乙醯胺(PF-03814735,CAS 942487-16-3);和LGX818。
ALK抑制劑:PF-2341066(XALKORI®;克唑替尼(crizotinib));5-氯-N4-(2-(異丙基磺醯基)苯基)-N2-(2-甲氧基-4-(4-(4-甲基哌-1-基)哌啶-1-基)苯基)嘧啶-2,4-二胺;GSK1838705A;和CH5424802。
BRAF抑制劑:威羅菲尼(Vemurafanib)(PLX4032);和達拉菲尼(Dabrafenib)。
FLT3抑制劑-蘋果酸舒尼替尼(由輝瑞公司以商品名Sutent®銷售);PKC412(米哚妥林(midostaurin));坦度替尼(tanutinib)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、米哚妥林(midostaurin)、來他替尼(lestaurtinib)、KW-2449、奎紮替尼(quizartinib)(AC220)和色瑞諾替尼(crenolanib)。
MEK抑制劑-曲美替尼(trametinib)。
血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)受體抑制劑:貝伐單抗(Bevacizumab)(由基因泰克公司(Genentech)/羅氏公司在商品名Avastin®下出售)、阿西替尼(axitinib)(N-甲基-2-[[3-[(E)-2-吡啶-2-基乙烯基]-1H-引唑-6-基]磺醯基]苯甲醯胺,也稱為AG013736,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 01/002369中)、丙胺酸布立尼布(Brivanib Alaninate)((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基氧基)-5-甲基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三-6-基氧基)丙烷-2-基)2-胺基丙酸酯,也稱為BMS-582664)、莫特塞尼(motesanib)(N-(2,3-二氫-3,3-二甲基-1H-吲哚-6-基)-2-[(4-吡啶基甲基)胺基]-3-吡啶甲醯胺,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 02/066470中)、帕瑞肽(pasireotide)(也稱為SOM230,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 02/010192中)、索拉菲尼(sorafenib)(在商品名Nexavar®下出售);
HER2受體抑制劑:曲妥單抗(Trastuzumab)(由基因泰克公司/羅氏公司在商標Herceptin®下出售)、來那替尼(neratinib)(也稱為HKI-272,(2E)-N-
[4-[[3-氯-4-[(吡啶-2-基)甲氧基]苯基]胺基]-3-氰基-7-乙氧基喹啉-6-基]-4-(二甲基胺基)丁-2-烯醯胺,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 05/028443中)、拉帕提尼(lapatinib)或二甲苯磺酸拉帕替尼(由葛蘭素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline)在商標Tykerb®下出售)、曲妥珠單抗-美坦新(Trastuzumab emtansine)(在美國,為ado-曲妥珠單抗-美坦新偶聯物,商品名Kadcyla)-一種抗體-藥物偶聯物,由與細胞毒劑美登素(mertansine)(DM1)連接的單株抗體曲妥珠單抗(赫塞汀(Herceptin))組成;
CD20抗體:利妥昔單抗(Rituximab)(由基因泰克公司/羅氏公司在商標Riuxan®和MabThera®下出售)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)(由葛蘭素史克公司在商標Bexxar®下出售)、奧法木單抗(ofatumumab)(由葛蘭素史克公司在商標Arzerra®下出售);
酪胺酸激酶抑制劑:埃羅替尼(Erlotinib)鹽酸鹽(由基因泰克公司/羅氏公司在商標Tarceva®下出售)、利尼伐尼(Linifanib)(N-[4-(3-胺基-1H-引唑-4-基)苯基]-N'-(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)尿素,也稱為ABT 869,從基因泰克公司可獲得)、蘋果酸舒尼替尼(sunitinib)(由輝瑞在商品名Sutent®下出售)、伯舒替尼(bosutinib)(4-[(2,4-二氯-5-甲氧基苯基)胺基]-6-甲氧基-7-[3-(4-甲基哌-1-基)丙氧基]喹啉-3-甲腈,也稱為SKI-606,並描述於美國專利案號6,780,996中)、達沙替尼(dasatinib)(由百時美施貴寶公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb)在商品名Sprycel®下出售)、armala(也稱為帕唑帕尼(pazopanib),由葛蘭素史克公司在商品名Votrient®下出售)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)和甲磺酸伊馬替尼(由諾華公司在商品名Gilvec®和Gleevec®下出售);
DNA合成抑制劑:卡培他濱(Capecitabine)(由羅氏公司在商標Xeloda®下出售)、鹽酸吉西他濱(gemcitabine)(由禮來公司(Eli Lilly and Company)在商標Gemzar®下出售)、奈拉濱(nelarabine)((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-
(2-胺基-6-甲氧基-嘌呤-9-基)-5-(羥基甲基)氧雜戊環-3,4-二醇,由葛蘭素史克公司在商品名Arranon®和Atriance®下出售);
抗腫瘤藥:奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)(由賽諾菲-安萬特公司(Sanofi-Aventis)在商品名Eloxatin®下出售並描述於美國專利案號4,169,846中);
表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑:吉非替尼(Gefitnib)(在商品名Iressa®下出售)、N-[4-[(3-氯-4-氟苯基)胺基]-7-[[(3"S")-四氫-3-呋喃基]氧基]-6-喹唑啉基]-4(二甲基胺基)-2-丁烯醯胺,由勃林格殷格翰公司(Boehringer Ingelheim)在商品名Tovok®下出售)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(由百時美施貴寶公司在商品名Erbitux®下出售)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)(由安進公司(Amgen)在商品名Vectibix®下出售);
HER二聚合抑制劑:帕妥珠單抗(Pertuzumab)(由基因泰克公司在商標Omnitarg®下出售);
人粒細胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)調節劑:非格司亭(Filgrastim)(由安進公司在商品名Neupogen®下出售);
免疫調節劑:阿夫土珠(Afutuzumab)(可從Roche®獲得)、乙二醇化非格司亭(由安進公司在商品名Neulasta®下出售)、來那度胺(也稱為CC-5013,在商品名Revlimid®下出售)、薩力多胺(在商品名Thalomid®下出售);
CD40抑制劑:達西珠單抗(Dacetuzumab)(也稱為SGN-40或huS2C6,可購自西雅圖遺傳學公司(Seattle Genetics,Inc));
促凋亡受體激動劑(PARA):杜拉樂明(Dulanermin)(也稱為AMG-951,可從安進公司/基因泰克公司獲得);
Hedgehog拮抗劑:2-氯-N-[4-氯-3-(2-吡啶基)苯基]-4-(甲基磺醯基)-苯甲醯胺(也稱為GDC-0449,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 06/028958中);
PI3K抑制劑:4-[2-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-6-[[4-(甲基磺醯基)哌-1-基]甲基]噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-基]啉(也稱為GDC 0941並描述於PCT公開案號WO 09/036082和WO 09/055730中)、2-甲基-2-[4-[3-甲基-2-側氧基-8-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氫咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]苯基]丙腈(也稱為BEZ 235或NVP-BEZ 235,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 06/122806中);
磷脂酶A2抑制劑:阿那格雷(Anagrelide)(在商品名Agrylin®下出售);
BCL-2抑制劑:4-[4-[[2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-環己烯-1-基]甲基]-1-哌基]-N-[[4-[[(1R)-3-(4-味啉基)-1-[(苯基硫)甲基]丙基]胺基]-3-[(三氟甲基)磺醯基]苯基]磺醯基]苯甲醯胺(也稱為ABT-263並且描述於PCT公開案號WO 09/155386中);
絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MEK)抑制劑:XL-518(Cas號1029872-29-4,可從ACC集團獲得);
芳香化酶抑制劑:依西美坦(Exemestane)(由輝瑞在商標Aromasin®下出售)、來曲唑(由諾華公司在商品名Femara®下出售)、阿那曲唑(在商品名Arimidex®下出售);
拓撲異構酶I抑制劑:伊立替康(Irinotecan)(由輝瑞在商標Camptosar®下出售)、鹽酸拓撲替康(由葛蘭素史克公司在商品名Hycamtin®下出售);
拓撲異構酶II抑制劑:依託泊苷(etoposide)(也稱為VP-16和磷酸依託泊苷,在商品名Toposar®、VePesid®和Etopophos®下出售)、替尼泊苷(也稱為VM-26,在商品名Vumon®下出售);
mTOR抑制劑:替西羅莫司(Temsirolimus)(由輝瑞公司在商品名Torisel®下出售)、地磷莫司(ridaforolimus)(正式地稱為deferolimus,(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,
23S,24E,26E,28Z,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-二羥基-19,30-二甲氧基-15,17,21,23,29,35-六甲基-2,3,10,14,20-五氧雜-11,36-二氧雜-4-氮雜三環[30.3.1.04,9]三十六碳-16,24,26,28-四烯-12-基]丙基]-2-甲氧基環己基二甲基次膦酸酯,也稱為AP23573和MK8669,並且描述於PCT公開案號WO 03/064383中);依維莫司(everolimus)(由諾華公司在商品名Afinitor®下出售);
破骨細胞骨吸收抑制劑:1-羥基-2-咪唑-1-基-磷醯乙基)磷酸一水合物(由諾華公司在商品名Zometa®下出售);
CD33抗體藥物綴合物:吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星(Gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(由輝瑞/惠氏公司在商品名Mylotarg®下出售);
CD22抗體藥物綴合物:奧英妥珠單抗(notuzumab ozogamicin)(也稱為CMC-544和WAY-207294,可購自杭州聖科化工有限公司(Hangzhou Sage Chemical Co.,Ltd.));
CD20抗體藥物綴合物:替坦異貝莫單抗(Ibritumomab tiuxetan)(在商品名Zevalin®下出售);
生長抑素類似物:奧曲肽(octreotide)(也稱為醋酸奧曲肽,在商品名Sandostatin®和Sandostatin LAR®下出售);
合成白細胞介素-11(IL-11):奧普瑞白介素(oprelvekin)(由輝瑞/惠氏公司在商品名Neumega®下出售);
合成促紅血球形成素:阿法達貝泊汀(Darbepoetin alfa)(由安進公司在商品名Aranesp®下出售);
核因子κB(RANK)抑制劑的受體活化劑:狄諾塞麥(Denosumab)(由安進公司在商品名Prolia®下出售);
促血小板生成素模擬肽體:羅米司亭(Romiplostim)(由安進公司在商品名Nplate®下出售);
細胞生長刺激劑:帕利夫明(Palifermin)(由安進公司在商品名Kepivance®下出售);
抗胰島素樣生長因子-1受體(IGF-1R)抗體:非吉木單抗(Figitumumab)(也稱為CP-751,871,可從ACC集團獲得)、羅妥木單抗(robatumumab)(CAS號934235-44-6);
抗-CS1抗體:埃洛妥珠單抗(Elotuzumab)(HuLuc63,CAS號915296-00-3);
CD52抗體:阿侖單抗(Alemtuzumab)(在商品名Campath®下出售);
CTLA-4抑制劑:曲美木單抗(Tremelimumab)(IgG2單株抗體,可從輝瑞獲得,以前稱為替西木單抗(ticilimumab),CP-675,206)、伊匹單抗(ipilimumab)(CTLA-4抗體,也稱為MDX-010,CAS號477202-00-9);
PD1抑制劑:納武單抗(Nivolumab)(在本文也稱為MDX-1106、MDX-1106-04、ONO-4538、BMS0936558、CAS註冊號:946414-94-4),揭露於例如US 8,008,449中並且具有本文揭露的序列(或與其基本上相同或相似的序列,例如與US 8,008,449中指定的序列至少85%、90%、95%同一性或更高的序列);派姆單抗(Pembrolizumab)(在本文也稱為帕博利珠單抗、MK-3475、MK03475、SCH-900475或KEYTRUDA),揭露於例如US 8,354,509和WO 2009/114335中,並且具有本文揭露的序列(或與其基本上相同或相似的序列,例如與US 8,354,509和WO 2009/114335中指定的序列至少85%、90%、95%同一性或更高的序列);免疫黏附素(例如包含融合到恒定區(例如免疫球蛋白序列的Fc區)的PD-L1或PD-L2的細胞外或PD-1結合部分的免疫黏附素);匹地利珠單抗(Pidilizumab)(CT-011;治療科技公司(Cure Tech))係與PD1結合的人源化IgG1k單株抗體(匹地利珠單抗和其他人源化抗PD-1單株抗體揭露於WO2009/101611中);和AMP-224(B7-DCIg;安普利穆尼公司
(Amplimmune),揭露於WO 2010/027827和WO 2011/066342中)係阻斷PD1與B7-H1之間的相互作用的PD-L2 Fc融合可溶性受體;其他PD-1抑制劑,例如,US 8,609,089、US 2010028330和/或US 20120114649中揭露的抗PD1抗體。
PDL1抑制劑:MSB0010718C(也稱為A09-246-2;默克雪蘭諾公司)係結合PD-L1的單株抗體,並且揭露於例如WO 2013/0179174中(並且具有與其基本上相同或相似的序列,例如與WO 2013/0179174中指定的序列至少85%、90%、95%同一性或更高的序列);和選自以下的抗-PD-L1結合拮抗劑:YW243.55.S70、MPDL3280A(基因泰克公司/羅氏公司)(係結合PD-L1的人Fc優化的IgG1單株抗體(MDPL3280A和PD-L1的其他人單株抗體揭露於美國專利案號:7,943,743和美國公開案號:20120039906));MEDI-4736、MSB-0010718C或MDX-1105(MDX-1105,也稱為BMS-936559,係WO2007/005874中描述的抗PD-L1抗體;抗體YW243.55.S70係WO2010/077634中描述的抗PD-L1);。
LAG-3抑制劑:BMS-986016(也稱為BMS986016;百時美施貴寶公司)係結合LAG-3的單株抗體。BMS-986016和其他人源化抗LAG-3抗體揭露於US 2011/0150892、WO2010/019570和WO2014/008218中。
GITR激動劑;示例性GITR激動劑包括例如GITR融合蛋白和抗GITR抗體(例如二價體抗GITR抗體),例如像描述於以下中的GITR融合蛋白:美國專利案號:6,111,090、歐洲專利案號:090505B1、歐洲專利案號:8,586,023、PCT公開案號:WO 2010/003118和2011/090754,或該抗GITR抗體,例如在美國專利案號:7,025,962、歐洲專利案號:1947183B1、美國專利案號:7,812,135、美國專利案號:8,388,967、美國專利案號:8,591,886、歐洲專利案號:EP 1866339、PCT公開案號:WO 2011/028683、PCT公開案號:WO 2013/039954、PCT公開案號:WO 2005/007190、PCT公開案號:WO
2007/133822、PCT公開案號:WO 2005/055808、PCT公開案號:WO 99/40196、PCT公開案號:WO 2001/03720、PCT公開案號:WO99/20758、PCT公開案號:WO2006/083289、PCT公開案號:WO 2005/115451、美國專利案號:7,618,632、和PCT公開案號:WO 2011/051726中。
組蛋白去乙醯化酶抑制劑(HDI):伏立諾他(Voninostat)(由默克公司在商品名Zolinza®下出售)。
抗CTLA4抗體包括曲美利木單抗(Tremelimumab)(IgG2單株抗體,可購自輝瑞公司(Pfizer),以前稱為ticilimumab,CP-675,206);和伊匹單抗(Ipilimumab)(CTLA-4抗體,也稱為MDX-010,CAS號477202-00-9)。
抗TIM-3抗體或其抗原結合片段。
烷化劑:替莫唑胺(Temozolomide)(由先靈葆雅公司(Schering-Plough)/默克公司在商品名Temodar®和Temodal®下出售)、更生黴素(actinomycin)(也稱為放線菌素-D並在商品名Cosmegen®下出售)、美法侖(melphalan)(也稱為L-PAM、苯丙胺氮芥、和苯丙胺酸氮芥,在商品名Alkeran®下出售)、六甲密胺(也稱為六甲三聚氰胺(HMM),在商品名Hexalen®下出售)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)(在商品名BiCNU®下出售)、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)(在商品名Treanda®腺癌出售)、白消安(busulfan)(在商品名Busulfex®和Myleran®下出售)、卡鉑(carboplatin)(在商品名Paraplatin®下出售)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)(也稱為CCNU,在商品名CeeNU®下出售)、順鉑(也稱為CDDP,在商品名Platinol®和Platinol®-AQ下出售)、瘤可寧(在商品名Leukeran®下出售)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)(在商品名Cytoxan®和Neosar®下出售)、達卡巴(dacarbazine)(也稱為DTIC、DIC和咪唑甲醯胺,在商品名DTIC-Dome®下
出售)、六甲蜜胺(也稱為六甲三聚氰胺(HMM),在商品名Hexalen®下出售)、異環磷醯胺(在商品名Ifex®下出售)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)(在商品名Matulane®下出售)、二氯甲基二乙胺(也稱為氮芥(nitrogen mustard或mustine)和鹽酸氮芥,在商品名Mustargen®下出售)、鏈脲黴素(streptozocin)(在商品名Zanosar®下出售)、噻替哌(thiotepa)(也稱為硫代磷醯胺、TESPA和TSPA,在商品名Thioplex®下出售);
生物反應調節劑:卡介苗素(bacillus calmette-guerin)(在商品名theraCys®和TICE® BCG下出售)、地尼白介素(denileukin diftitox)(在商品名Ontak®下出售);
抗腫瘤抗生素:多柔比星(doxorubicin)(在商品名Adriamycin®和Rubex®下出售)、博來黴素(bleomycin)(在商品名lenoxane®下出售)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)(也稱為鹽酸道諾黴素(dauorubicin hydrochloride)、柔毛黴素(daunomycin)和鹽酸紅比黴素(rubidomycin hydrochloride),在商品名Cerubidine®下出售)、道諾黴素脂質體(檸檬酸道諾黴素脂質體,在商品名DaunoXome®下出售)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(也稱為DHAD,在商品名Novantrone®下出售)、表柔比星(epirubicin)(在商品名EllenceTM下出售)、伊達比星(idarubicin)(在商品名Idamycin®、Idamycin PFS®下出售)、絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)(在商品名Mutamycin®下出售);
抗微管劑:雌莫司汀(Estramustine)(在商品名Emcyl®下出售);
組織蛋白酶K抑制劑:奧當卡替(也稱為MK-0822,N-(1-氰基環丙基)-4-氟-N2-{(1S)-2,2,2-三氟-1-[4'-(甲基磺醯基)二苯基-4-基]乙基}-L-亮胺醯胺,可從蘭州化工股份有限公司(Lanzhou Chon Chemicals,ACC Corp.)和ChemieTek公司獲得,並描述於PCT公開案號WO 03/075836中);
埃博黴素(Epothilone)B類似物:伊沙匹隆(Ixabepilone)(由百時美施貴寶公司(Bristol-Myers Squibb)在商品名Lxempra®下出售);
熱休克蛋白(HSP)抑制劑:坦螺旋黴素(Tanespimycin)(17-烯丙基胺基-17-去甲氧基格爾德黴素,也稱為KOS-953和17-AAG,可購自西格瑪公司(SIGMA),並描述於美國專利案號4,261,989中);
TpoR激動劑:艾曲波帕(Eltrombopag)(由葛蘭素史克公司在商品名Promacta®和Revolade®下出售);
抗有絲分裂劑:多西他賽(由賽諾菲-安萬特公司在商品名Taxotere®下出售);
腎上腺類固醇抑制劑:胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)(在商品名Cytadren®下出售);
抗雄激素:尼魯米特(Nilutamide)(在商品名Nilandron®和Anandron®下出售)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)(在商品名Casodex®下出售)、氟他胺(flutamide)(在商品名FulexinTM下出售);
雄激素:氟甲睾酮(Fluoxymesterone)(在商品名Halotestin®下出售);
蛋白酶體抑制劑:硼替佐米(Bortezomib)(在商品名Velcade®下出售);
CDK1抑制劑:阿伏西地(Alvocidib)(也稱為黃酮吡多或HMR-1275,2-(2-氯苯基)-5,7-二羥基-8-[(3S,4R)-3-羥基-1-甲基-4-哌啶基]-4-色滿酮並描述於美國專利案號5,621,002中);
促性腺激素釋放激素(GnRH)受體激動劑:亮丙瑞林(Leuprolide)或醋酸亮丙瑞林(由拜耳公司(Bayer AG)在商品名Viadure®下出售,由賽諾菲-安萬特公司在Eligard®下出售,以及由雅培公司(Abbott Lab)在Lupron®下出售);
紫杉烷抗腫瘤劑:卡巴他賽(Cabazitaxel)(1-羥基-7β,10β-二甲氧基-9-側氧基-5β,20-環氧紫杉-11-烯-2α,4,13α-三基-4-乙酸酯-2-苯甲酸酯-13-[(2R,3S)-3-{[(三級-丁氧基)羰基]胺基}-2-羥基-3-苯基丙酸酯)、拉洛他賽((2α,3ξ,4α,5β,7α,10β,13α)-4,10-雙(乙醯氧基)-13-({(2R,3S)-3-[(三級-丁氧基羰基)胺基]-2-羥基-3-苯基丙醯基}氧基)-1-羥基-9-側氧基-5,20-環氧-7,19-環紫杉-11-烯-2-基苯甲酸酯);
5HT1a受體激動劑:紮利羅登(Xaliproden)(也稱為SR57746,1-[2-(2-萘基)乙基]-4-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶,並描述於美國專利案號5,266,573中);
HPC疫苗:由葛蘭素史克公司以Cervarix®出售,由默克公司以Gardasil®出售;
鐵螯合劑:地拉羅司(Deferasinox)(由諾華公司在商品名Exjade®下出售);
抗代謝物:克拉屈濱(Claribine)(2-氯去氧腺苷,在商品名leustatin®下出售)、5-氟嘧啶(在商品名Adrucil®下出售)、6-硫代鳥嘌呤(在商品名Purinethol®下出售)、培美曲塞(在商品名Alimta®下出售)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)(也稱為阿糖胞嘧啶(Ara-C),在商品名Cytosar-U®下出售)、阿糖胞苷脂質體(也稱為脂質體Ara-C,在商品名DepoCytTM下出售)、地西他濱(decitabine)(在商品名Dacogen®下出售)、羥基脲(在商品名Hydrea®、DroxiaTM和MylocelTM下出售)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)(在商品名Fludara®下出售)、氟脲苷(在商品名FUDR®下出售)、克拉屈濱(cladribine)(也稱為2-氯去氧腺苷(2-CdA),在商品名LeustatinTM下出售)、胺甲葉酸(也稱為胺甲喋呤、胺甲喋呤鈉(MTX),在商品名
Rheumatrex®和TrexallTM下出售)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)(在商品名Nipent®下出售);
雙膦酸鹽:帕米膦酸鹽(Pamidronate)(在商品名Aredia®下出售)、唑來膦酸(在商品名Zometa®下出售);
去甲基化劑:5-阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)(在商品名Vidaza®下出售)、地西他濱(在商品名Dacogen®下出售);
植物生物鹼:蛋白質結合紫杉醇(Paclitaxel protein-bound)(在商品名Abraxane®下出售)、長春花鹼(也稱為硫酸長春花鹼、長春質鹼和VLB,在商品名Alkaban-AQ®和Velban®下出售)、長春新鹼(也稱為硫酸長春新鹼、LCR和VCR,在商品名Oncovin®和Vincasar Pfs®下出售)、長春瑞濱(在商品名Navelbine®下出售)、紫杉醇(在商品名Taxol和OnxalTM下出售);
類維生素A:阿裡維A酸(Alitretinoin)(在商品名Panretin®下出售)、維甲酸(全反式視黃酸,也稱為ATRA,在商品名Vesanoid®下出售)、異維甲酸(13-順式-視黃酸,在商品名Accutane®、Amnesteem®、Claravis®、Clarus®、Decutan®、Isotane®、Izotech®、Oratane®、Isotret®、和Sotret®下出售)、蓓薩羅丁(bexarotene)(在商品名Targretin®下出售);
糖皮質激素:氫化可體松(Hydrocortisone)(也稱為皮質酮、氫化可體松琥珀酸鈉、氫化可體松磷酸鈉,並在商品名Ala-Cort®、氫化可體松磷酸鹽、Solu-Cortef®、Hydrocort Acetate®和Lanacort®下出售)、地塞米松(dexamethazone)((8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17R)-9-氟-11,17-二羥基-17-(2-羥基乙醯基)-10,13,16-三甲基-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-十二氫-3H-環戊二烯并[a]菲-3-酮)、普賴蘇穠(prednisolone)(在商品名Delta-Cortel®、Orapred®、Pediapred®和Prelone®下出售)、強體松(prednisone)(在商品名Deltasone®、Liquid Red®、Meticorten®和Orasone®下出售)、甲基普賴蘇穠
(也稱為6-甲基普賴蘇穠、醋酸甲基普賴蘇穠、丁二酸鈉甲基普賴蘇穠,在商品名Duralone®、Medralone®、Medrol®、M-Prednisol®和Solu-Medrol®下出售);
細胞介素:白細胞介素-2(也稱為阿地白介素和IL-2,在商品名Proleukin®下出售)、白細胞介素-11(也稱為oprevelkin,在商品名Neumega®下出售)、α干擾素阿法(alpha interferon alfa)(也稱為IFN-α,在商品名Intron® A和Roferon-A®下出售);
雌激素受體下調劑:氟維司群(Fulvestrant)(在商品名Faslodex®下出售);
抗雌激素:三苯氧胺(tamoxifen)(在商品名Novaldex®下出售);
托瑞米芬(Toremifene)(在商品名Fareston®下出售);
選擇性雌激素受體調節劑(SERM):雷洛昔芬(Raloxifene)(在商品名Evista®下出售);
促黃體生成激素釋放激素(LHRH)激動劑:戈舍瑞林(Goserelin)(在商品名Zoladex®下出售);
黃體酮:甲地孕酮(megestrol)(也稱為醋酸甲地孕酮,在商品名Megace®下出售);
其他細胞毒性劑:三氧化二砷(在商品名Trisenox®下出售)、天冬醯胺酶,也稱為左旋天冬醯胺酶、歐文氏菌(Erwinia)左旋天冬醯胺酶,在商品名Elspar®和Kidrolase®下出售);
具有式(I*)的化合物也可以與以下輔助治療組合使用:
止嘔藥物:NK-1受體拮抗劑:卡索匹坦(Casopitant)(由葛蘭素史克公司在商品名Rezonic®和Zunrisa®下出售);以及
細胞保護劑:胺磷汀(Amifostine)(在商品名Ethyol®下出售)、甲醯四氫葉酸(也稱為甲醯四氫葉酸鈣、嗜橙菌因子和亞葉酸)。
免疫檢查點抑制劑:在一個實施方式中,本文揭露的組合療法包括免疫檢查點分子的抑制性分子的抑制劑。術語「免疫檢查點」係指CD4和CD8T細胞的細胞表面上的一組分子。該等分子可以有效地用作「制動器」以下調或抑制抗腫瘤免疫應答。免疫檢查點分子包括但不限於直接抑制免疫細胞的計畫性死亡1(PD-1)、細胞毒性T淋巴細胞抗原4(CTLA-4)、B7H1、B7H4、OX-40、CD137、CD40和LAG3,可用作本發明方法中可用的免疫檢查點抑制劑的免疫治療劑包括但不限於PD-L1、PD-L2、CTLA4、TIM3、LAG3、VISTA、BTLA、TIGIT、LAIR1、CD160、2B4和/或TGFRβ的抑制劑。抑制性分子的抑制可以藉由DNA、RNA或蛋白質水平下的抑制來進行。在實施方式中,抑制性核酸(例如,dsRNA、siRNA或shRNA)可以用於對抑制性分子的表現進行抑制。在其他實施方式中,抑制訊號的抑制劑係多肽,例如,可溶性配位基或與抑制性分子結合的抗體或其抗原結合片段。
在某些實施方式中,本文所述之具有式I*之抗PD-1分子與本領域已知的一種或多種其他PD-1、PD-L1和/或PD-L2抑制劑組合投與。該拮抗劑可以是抗體、其抗原結合片段、免疫黏附素、融合蛋白、或寡肽。
實例
以下實例(也是具體的發明實施方式)用於說明本發明而不限制本文另外定義的範圍:
使用的縮略語:
實驗程序:
使用反射模式如下獲得XRPD(X射線粉末衍射)數據:
使用零背景SI-樣本保持器以反射模式在Bruker D8 Advance系統上獲得衍射圖。在室溫下測量樣本而不進行樣本旋轉。數據在2°和40℃ 2θ之間獲得,步長為0.017°,步長時間為0.3s。使用系統評估軟體計算衍射峰位置。
DSC(差示掃描量熱法)/TGA(熱重分析)數據如下獲得:
使用DSC或TGA進行熱分析。DSC和TGA系統係TA-Instruments Discovery。
對於DSC,在具有針孔蓋的鋁坩堝中製備約2-4mg樣本。使用10℃/min的加熱速率,在30℃和300℃之間確定熱行為。
對TGA施加相同的加熱速率和溫度範圍,由此將約5-15mg樣本填充到密封的Al-坩堝中,該Al-坩堝在測量之前由機器人自動進樣器自動穿孔。
使用系統評估軟體確定熔化開始和焓以及相對於溫度的重量損失。
DVS/動態蒸汽吸附數據如下獲得:
使用SMS Advantage系統進行動態蒸汽吸附。使約10mg的樣本在25℃下經歷0%RH和95%RH之間的不同濕度。使用系統軟體進行評估。
整體合成可以藉由以下反應方案A描述:
方案A:
步驟a
在0℃下,向A1(10.4kg,100mol,1.0Eq)在CH2Cl2(50L)中的溶液中加入咪唑(8.16kg,120mol,1.2eq)和TBSCl(18kg,120mol,1.2Eq)。在添加後,將混合物在0℃下攪拌4h。GC顯示反應完成。(A1/(A1+A2)<1%)。用飽和NaHCO 3 (14L)在0℃-5℃下淬滅反應混合物。分離相。有機相用鹽水(14L)洗滌。將有機層用Na 2 SO 4 乾燥,在40℃-45℃下真空
濃縮,得到A2(23.3kg,含量88%,產率94%),將其直接用於下一步驟。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=4.35(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.74(s,3H),2.48(s,J=8.8Hz,3H),0.93(s,9H),0.09(s,6H)。
步驟b
在0℃和N2下經5-6h向A2(7.5kg,34.3mol,1.0Eq)和N,O-二甲基羥胺鹽酸鹽(6.69kg,68.6mol,2.0Eq)在THF(20L)中的溶液中滴加(異丙基)氯化鎂(2M,51.45L,3.5Eq)。添加後,將反應混合物在0℃下攪拌1h,GC顯示反應完成(A2/(A2+A3)<2%)。藉由將溫度保持在0℃-5℃,用NH4Cl(25L)緩慢淬滅混合物。添加後,將反應混合物攪拌30min。分離相。將水層將用EA萃取(2 x 20L)。將合併的有機相用鹽水(25L)洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,濃縮,得到A3(9.4kg,含量86%,產率95%),將其直接用於下一步驟。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=4.67(m,J=6.6Hz,1H),3.70(s,3H),3.21(s,3H),3.17(d,3H)2.48(s,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.10(s,3H),0.08(s,3H)。
步驟c
在-70℃和N2下,向A3(7.1kg,含量86%,24.65mol,1.0Eq)在DCM(30L)中的溶液中滴加LiAlH4(2.4M,11.3L,1.1Eq)的溶液。然後將反應混合物在-70℃下攪拌3h,並且TLC顯示反應完成(PSC-1)。將混合物溫熱至0℃,然後在0℃下用飽和酒石酸鈉鉀(35L)淬滅。添加後,加入DCM(20L)並在20℃-25℃下攪拌2h。分離相。將水層用DCM(25L)萃取。向合併的有機相中加入飽和檸檬酸(45L)並在0℃下攪拌8h。分離相。將有機相用NaHCO3(25L)、鹽水(25L)洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並在25℃-30℃下真空除去溶劑。將正庚烷(10L)加入到殘餘物中並在30℃-35℃下真空濃縮。將正庚烷(10L)再次加入到殘餘物中並在30℃-35℃下真空濃縮,得到A4(4.2kg,含量60%,產率54%),將其直接用於下一步驟。
步驟d
在N2下,向冷卻至約-10℃的二異丙胺(3.06kg,30.3mol,1.5eq)在THF(20L)中的溶液中加入2.5Mn-BuLi(12.12L,30.3mol,1.5eq)。將所得混合物在約-10℃下攪拌30min,然後緩慢加入A5(5.2kg,20.20mol,1.0eq)在THF(10L)中的溶液。添加後,將反應混合物在-10℃下攪拌30min,然後冷卻至-50℃。滴加A4(4.18kg,22.22mol,1.1eq)。添加後,將反應混合物在-50℃攪拌30min。在-50℃下,用飽和NH4Cl水溶液(30L)和水(10L)淬滅混合物。將反應混合物溫熱至20℃-25℃。分離相。將水相將用EA萃取(3 x 20L)。合併所有有機相並用鹽水(20L)洗滌,然後濃縮成黃色油狀物,將其藉由柱(矽膠,100-200目,用正庚烷:EA從50:1至10:1洗脫)純化,得到A6(5.5kg,含量90%,產率55%),為淡黃色油狀物。1H NMR(400
MHz,CDCl3)δ=4.35-4.15(m,2H),3.95-3.74(m,3H),3.52(m,2H),2.67(m,2H),2.12-1.98(m,2H),1.75-1.52(m,4H),1.49(s,9H),1.35-1.10(m,6H),0.98(s,9H),0.02(s,6H)。
步驟e
在5℃-10℃下,向A6(11.4kg,25.58mol,1.0eq)在THF(60L)中的溶液中分批加入LiBH4(836g,38.37mol,1.5eq),並將反應混合物在20℃-25℃下攪拌18h。HPLC顯示反應完成(A6/(A6+A7)<2%)。將混合物冷卻至10℃並在劇烈攪拌下用飽和NaHCO3溶液(15L)和水(25L)緩慢淬滅。在氣體形成停止後,施加真空過濾以除去固體。將固體用EA洗滌(2 x 15L)。分離相;將水相用EA萃取(3 x 15L)。將所有有機相合併,用鹽水(15L)洗滌,並濃縮,得到粗A7(13.8kg,含量58%,產率77%),將其直接用於下一步驟。
步驟f
在氮氣氛下,在10℃-15℃下,向A7(8kg,19.82mol,1.0eq)在THF(40L)中的溶液中加入TsCl(5.28kg,27.75mol,1.4eq)。添加後,將混合物冷卻至0℃,並在2h內滴加1M LiHMDS(29.7L,29.73mol,1.5eq)。添加
後,將混合物在0℃下攪拌3h。HPLC顯示反應完成(PSC-1 A7/(A7+A8)<7%)。在0℃下將TBAF(20.72kg,65.67mol,3.3eq)加入混合物中,並將反應混合物在25℃-30℃下攪拌48h。HPLC顯示反應完成(PSC-2,A9-中間體/(A9-中間體+A9)<2%)。將混合物用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(32L)淬滅並在0℃下攪拌30min。分離相,並將水相用EA萃取(3 x 20L)。將合併的有機相用鹽水(20L)洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並濃縮成黃色油狀物,將其藉由柱(用正庚烷:EA從10:1至1:1洗脫)純化,得到A9(4.42kg,含量90%,產率74%),為淡黃色固體。
步驟g
向在冰浴上冷卻的A9(4.0kg,14.74mol,1.0eq)在DCM(40L)中的溶液中分批加入DMP(9.36kg,23.58mol,1.6eq),得到懸浮液。添加後,將混合物在20℃-25℃下攪拌4小時。HPLC顯示反應完成(A9/(A9+A10)<2%)。在0℃下加入DCM(30L)。添加後,將混合物用飽和Na2SO3水溶液(20L)淬滅。將混合物在0℃攪拌30min,過濾,用DCM(2 x 15L)洗滌白色固體。分離相,將有機相冷卻至0℃,向其中加入飽和NaHCO3水溶液(20L)並攪拌1h。分離各相,有機相用鹽水(25L)洗滌,用Na2SO4乾燥,並濃縮成黃色油狀物,將其藉由柱(用正庚烷:EA從50:1至10:1洗脫)純化,得到為白色固體的A10(3.70kg,含量88%,ee值95.3%,產率82%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=4.20(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.98-3.67(m,4H),3.08-2.90(m,2H),1.54-1.39(m,13H),1.18(d,J=8.0Hz,3H)。
步驟h
在25℃下,向A10(4.60kg,17.08mol,1.0eq)在THF(40L)中的溶液中加入Ti(OEt)4(15.58kg,68.32mol,4.0eq)和(R)-三級丁基亞磺醯胺(4.14kg,34.16mol,2.0eq)。添加後,將混合物加熱至70℃並攪拌20h。HPLC顯示反應完成(PSC-1,A10/(A10+A12)<4%)。將混合物冷卻至-30℃至-40℃,並在30分鐘內滴加MeOH(4L)並攪拌1h。在-40℃至-50℃下將2M LiBH4(8.1L)溶液滴加到反應混合物中並攪拌1h。HPLC表明所有亞胺都被消耗(PSC-2,A12/(A12+A13)<1%)。將混合物溫熱至-30℃並攪拌1h,然後在2小時內溫熱至0℃並攪拌1h,然後溫熱至20℃-25℃並攪拌30min。將IPAC(25L)加入上述混合物中,在25℃下在約1h內滴加NaHCO3(5L)並攪拌30min。將混合物真空過濾,用IPAC洗滌餅狀物(8 x15L)。將合併的有機相用鹽水(25L)洗滌,然後在真空下蒸發,得到A13溶液(約28kg),將其用於下一步驟。
步驟i
在-5℃下,向A13在IPAC中的混合物(約28kg,17.08mol,1.0eq)中滴加4M HCl/IPA(8.54L,34.16mol,2.0eq)並在-5℃下攪拌5h。HPLC顯示
A13完全消耗(A13/(A14+A13)<1%)。在30分鐘內將MTBE(25L)加入上述混合物中並在-5℃下攪拌30min。藉由真空過濾收集固體。將餅狀物用MTBE洗滌(2 x 2.5L)。濕餅直接用於下一步驟。
步驟j
步驟k
在室溫下,在15分鐘內向A16(15g)在MeOH(90mL)中的溶液中滴加5N HCl/IPA(45mL)。添加後,將混合物攪拌6小時。在室溫下在1h內將IPAC(180mL)滴加入上述混合物中。將所得混合物再攪拌30分鐘,然後將其冷卻至0℃-5℃。將混合物在0℃-5℃下攪拌另外2小時,過濾收集沈澱物。將餅狀物用IPAC洗滌(45*2mL),在60℃下真空乾燥過夜,得到為白色固體的產物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=9.37(br s,1H),9.25(br s,1H),8.42(br s,3H),4.26-4.17(m,1H),3.72(ABq,J=9.1Hz,2H),3.50-3.41(m,1H),3.28-3.18(m,1H),3.18-3.09(m,1H),2.99-2.74(m,2H),2.07-1.63(m,4H),1.22(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。
步驟l
在室溫下向A17(10g)和Z17a(9.5g)在DMAC(60mL)中的混合物中加入K2CO3(22.5g)和H2O(40mL)。將混合物用氮氣脫氣並在90℃攪拌過夜。將混合物冷卻至室溫,用Me-THF(500mL)和H2O(280mL)稀釋。將有機相分離並將水相用Me-THF萃取(300mL*2)。將合併的有機相用鹽水洗滌(200mL*3),在真空下濃縮以除去大部分溶劑。將殘餘物用IPA(60mL)和H2O(20mL)稀釋,在50℃下攪拌1h,在3h內冷卻至5℃,在該溫度下攪拌1h。藉由真空過濾收集固體,在真空下乾燥,得到為黃色固體的產物(12g,87.4%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=7.64(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),7.62(s,1H),
6.26(s,2H),6.13(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.12-4.02(m,1H),390-3.78(m,2H),3.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.49(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.33(s,2H),2.91(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),1.78-1.68(m,1H),1.67-1.57(m,1H),1.56-1.41(m,2H),1.08(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。
實例2:具有式I之化合物的琥珀酸鹽的形成:
藉由以下反應方案總結反應:
在室溫下向A18(10g)在MeOH(76g)和H2O(24g)中的混合物中加入琥珀酸(2.94g)。將混合物加熱至50℃並攪拌30分鐘以溶解所有固體。將溶液在60℃-65℃下加入到IPA(190mL)中。將所得混合物在60℃下攪拌>5小時,在5小時內冷卻至-15℃並在該溫度下攪拌>4小時。將固體藉由真空過濾收集,在真空下乾燥,得到為灰白色固體的產物(10.8g,82.8%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=7.64(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),6.26(s,2H),6.16(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.12-4.02(m,1H),3.90-3.78(m,2H),3.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.49(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.33(s,2H),2.91(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.34(s,4H),1.71-1.60(m,4H),1.13(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。
在一個特殊的變體中,反應遵循還包括視需要的研磨以產生最終產物的以下反應方案:
根據以下反應方案藉由反應獲得化合物Z17a:
詳細地,化合物Z17a的合成如下進行:
步驟a
在氮氣氛下,在-78℃下將n-BuLi(2.5M,7.6L)滴加到3-氯-2-氟吡啶(2kg)在THF(15L)中的溶液中。將所得混合物攪拌1h。然後滴加I2(4.82kg)在THF(6L)中的溶液。添加後,將反應混合物攪拌30min,然後用飽和Na2SO3(10L)淬滅並溫熱至20℃-25℃。分離相。將水相將用EA萃取(2 x 10L)。將合併的有機相用飽和Na2SO3(2 x 8L)、鹽水(8L)洗滌,並用
Na2SO4乾燥。將有機相真空濃縮。將殘餘物在MeOH(4L)中漿化,過濾並乾燥,得到3-氯-2-氟-4-碘吡啶1c(2.2kg,產率68%)。
步驟b
在80℃下,向化合物1c(8kg)在DMSO(48L)中的溶液中通入NH3(氣體)過夜。TLC顯示反應完成。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫。將反應混合物加入水(140L)中。將固體收集並用水(25L)洗滌,乾燥,得到Z17b(6.91kg,產率87%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.61(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.14(s,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.09(bs,2H)。
步驟c
將2-胺基-6-氯-吡1a(1kg,7.69mol)在DCM(15L)中的溶液加熱至回流,在1h內向其中分批加入NBS(417g)。將反應冷卻至室溫。將反應混合物用水(3L)和鹽水(3L)洗滌。蒸發有機相,並藉由柱層析法純化殘餘物,得到產物Z17f(3-溴-6-氯吡-2-胺)(180g,11%產率)。
步驟d
在室溫和氮氣下,向3-溴-6-氯吡-2-胺Z17f(6.0kg,28.78mol)在1,4-二(40L)中的溶液中加入Pd(OAc)2(64.56g,287.6mmol)、Xantphos(333g,575.6mmol)和DIPEA(7.44kg,57.56mol)。用氮氣吹掃另外30分鐘後,加入3-巰基丙酸甲酯(3.81kg,31.70mol),使橙色混合物變暗。將混合物加熱至90℃。HPLC顯示起始材料完全轉化。使混合物冷卻至約室溫,然後用EtOAc(40L)稀釋。在攪拌下老化30min後,過濾整個混合物並用EtOAc洗滌固體(3 x 15L)。將合併的橙色濾液濃縮至乾,並將固體殘餘物懸浮在DCM(45L)中。將混合物加熱至35-40℃並攪拌1h直至所有固體溶解。然後滴加正庚烷(45L)。完成添加後,將混合物冷卻至15-20℃,同時攪拌1h。藉由真空過濾收集固體,並用冷的1:1 DCM/庚烷(25L),然後庚烷(25L)(PSC-2)洗滌固體。將固體乾燥整個週末,得到Z17d(5.32kg,產率75%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.83(s,1H),4.88(bs,2H),3.73(s,3H),3.47(t,J=9.2Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=9.2Hz,2H)。
步驟e
在室溫下向Z17d(8.0kg,含量95%,30.68mol)在THF(70L)中的溶液中加入EtONa(由776g Na和13.6L EtOH製備),並將混合物在環境溫度下攪拌1小時。然後藉由旋轉蒸發將混合物濃縮成濕黃色固體,並將殘餘物懸浮在DCM(40L)中。將混合物在N2下攪拌16h。藉由真空過濾收集固體,並用DCM(約15L)洗滌餅狀物直至濾液無色(PSC-2)。然後將固體真空乾燥,得到Z17c(6.93kg,qNMR 72%,產率88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ=7.37(s,1H)。
步驟f
向Z17c(6.95kg,含量72%,27.23mol)在1,4-二(72L)中的混合物中加入Xantphos(233g,411mmol,0.015eq)、Pd2(dba)3(186g,206mmol,0.0075eq)、Z17b(7.13kg,28.02mol)和DIPEA(7.02kg,54.46mol)。將系統抽真空並用氮氣吹掃三次。將混合物在N2下在65℃攪拌16h。將混合物冷卻至室溫並加入水(50L),過濾。將餅狀物用EA(25L)洗滌。將濾液用EA萃取(4 x 20L)。將有機相真空濃縮,得到粗產物,將其與餅狀物合併。然後將DCM(60L)加入到粗產物中並在25℃-30℃下攪拌18h,並且然後過濾。將濾餅用CH2Cl2(30L)漿化4小時並過濾。將濾餅在CH2Cl2(30L)中漿化16小時並過濾。然後將濾餅真空乾燥,得到為淺黃色固體的Z17a(3-
((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)-6-氯吡-2-胺;9.1kg,84%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=7.89(s,1H),7.7(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.18(bs,2H),6.40(bs,2H),5.97(d,J=7.6Hz,1H)。
實例4:中間體Z17a(此處也稱為Y7a)的替代形成:
經由替代方案並且根據較佳的反應方法,根據以下反應方案獲得具有式Z17a的化合物:
詳細地,具有式Y7a=Z17a的化合物的合成如下進行:
步驟a
將2,3,5-三氯吡(70.50g,384.36mmol,1equiv)和氨溶液(25% wt,364.00g,400mL,2.68mol,6.14equiv)加入1-L密封反應器中。將混合物加熱至80℃並攪拌24h,並完成反應。將反應混合物冷卻至30℃並過濾,得到棕色濾餅。將棕色濾餅溶解在丙酮(50mL)中,並過濾。向濾液中加入石油醚(300mL)。將懸浮液攪拌4h並過濾,得到粗產物。將粗產物在石油醚和丙酮的混合溶劑(10/1,200mL)中漿化並過濾,得到為淺黃色固體的產物Y7d(51.00g,307.91mmol,80%產率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=7.63(s,1H)。
步驟b
向200mL圓底燒瓶中加入Na2S(10.816g,44wt%,含結晶水,60.978mmol)和甲苯(100mL)。將混合物加熱至回流,用Dean-Stark分水器除去水(蒸餾出約5-6mL水)。冷卻後,將混合物濃縮至乾燥。
向上述圓底燒瓶中加入Y7d(5.000g,30.489mmol)和2-甲基丁-2-醇(50mL),將反應加熱至回流並攪拌36h。冷卻至25℃後,過濾混合物。將濾液的溶劑交換為正庚烷(5V,3次,基於Y7d),最後濃縮至1V殘餘物。在25℃下將THF(25mL)加入到殘餘物中並攪拌。將懸浮液過濾並用THF/正庚烷(5mL/5mL)洗滌,得到棕色固體(6.200g)。
向另一個200mL圓底燒瓶中加入上述棕色固體(6.200g)、10%鹽水(25mL)、Me-THF(30mL)和n-Bu4NBr(9.829g,30.489mmol)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌0.5h,並分離相。將有機相用20%鹽水(25mL)洗滌,並將溶劑交換為異丙醇(5V *3次,基於Y7d),得到Y7c的異丙醇溶液(27.000g,99.2% HPLC面積測定的純度,58.08%測定產率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=6.88(s,1H),2.97-2.92(m,14H),1.38-1.31(m,14H),1.13-1.04(m,14H),0.73-0.69(t,21H)。
步驟c
向25mL圓底燒瓶中加入Y7c(4.7g,23.27wt%,來自步驟b的IPA溶液,2.723mmol,1.0equiv)、Y7b(1.052g,4.085mmol,1.5equiv)、1,10-啡啉(0.05g,0.272mmol)和水(8mL)。將混合物用氮氣吹掃三次,並在氮氣氛下加入CuI(0.026g,0.136mmol)。將混合物加熱至65℃並攪拌3h,並完成反應。將反應冷卻至室溫並過濾,並將濾餅用水洗滌(4mL*3)。將濾餅在MTBE(6mL)中漿化30min並過濾。將濾餅用MTBE(6mL)洗滌並乾燥,得到Y7a,其為Z17a(565mg,72%產率)。
如實例3步驟a和步驟b中所述合成Z17b。
實例5:中間體Z17a的替代合成:
根據另一個較佳的方法,具有式Z17a的化合物根據以下反應方案獲得:
詳細地,反應如下進行:
步驟a
如實例4步驟a中所述合成Y7d。
步驟b
向三頸圓瓶燒瓶中加入Y7d(200mg,1.22mmol,1equiv)、二(4mL)。將溶液抽真空並用氮氣吹掃三次。在氮氣氛下加入Xantphos(14mg,0.024mmol,0.02equiv)、PdCl2(dppf)(8.9mg,0.012mmol,0.1equiv)和DIPEA(0.32g,2.44mmol,2.0equiv)。將溶液加熱至85℃過夜。將反應冷卻並蒸發。藉由柱層析法(洗脫液/乙酸乙酯/庚烷=1/1)純化殘餘物,得到Z17d(259mg,0.99mmol,81%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.83(s,1H),4.88(bs,2H),3.73(s,3H),3.47(t,J=9.2Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=9.2Hz,2H)。
如實例4步驟e和f所述進行剩餘步驟,得到Z17a。
如實例3步驟a和步驟所述合成Z17b。
變體a)
將50ml乙醇和2.5ml水加入到含有3.0g(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離鹼(例如如實例1中所述以A18獲得)和848.0mg琥珀酸的100ml燒瓶中。將混合物加熱至50℃以產生澄清溶液。在3小時的時段內將溫度降至15℃。將溶液保持在15℃攪拌過夜。藉由抽濾分離沈澱的固體,並加入50ml丙酮以產生懸浮液。將懸浮液在50℃攪拌3小時。用抽濾分離固體,並在室溫下真空乾燥3小時。產率約為60%。
琥珀酸鹽顯示為高度結晶的固體,熔點起點為94.4℃,並且伴隨焓為96J/g。琥珀酸鹽晶體顯示破碎晶簇狀的片狀顆粒的聚集體。
變體b)
使14.34g的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離形式(例如如實例1所述以A18獲得)和4.053g琥珀酸在100mL 95% EtOH中於50℃平衡。向系統中加入5mL水並加熱至70-75℃。加入95mL純EtOH,並且再加熱30min。在25℃攪拌過夜。將混合物過濾,用EtOH洗滌,並在室溫下在烘箱中真空乾燥。產率為87.5%。
根據變體a)和b)中任一項獲得的標題琥珀酸鹽(1:1)水合物鹽變型HA係高度結晶的。它在室溫下在10%RH至50%RH保持恒定水含量。琥珀酸鹽變型HA在水性介質中顯示出高溶解度,表明潛在的良好生物利用度
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)(兩種變體):
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 6.16(s,2H),7.63(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),6.27(s,2H),5.86-5.60(m,1H),4.25-4.05(m,1H),4.05-3.82(m,2H),3.75(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.24(dddd,J=23.7,13.4,9.9,3.3Hz,2H),3.09(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),2.34(s,4H),1.77-1.38(m,4H),1.13(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖1示出獲得的XRPD圖。
NMR的莫耳化學計量學:1:1.08(鹼:琥珀酸)
在50℃/75% RH下,琥珀酸鹽在所有四種實驗賦形劑混合物中均顯示出可接受的降解水平。
使50mg的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離形式和23.35mg鹽酸在1mL ACN中於50℃平衡4小時。冷卻至室溫過夜並過濾混合物。這得到了鹽酸鹽。
數據表明可能形成溶劑化物。
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.70-7.57(m,2H),6.26(s,2H),6.17(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.35(t,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.28-4.13(m,2H),
4.11(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),3.90(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.67(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),3.43(td,J=7.0,4.9Hz,1H),1.84-1.48(m,4H),1.23(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
圖2示出獲得的XRPD圖。
使50mg的3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離形式和11.62mg甲基磺酸在1mL THF中於50℃平衡。冷卻至室溫過夜並過濾混合物。這得到甲磺酸鹽。
數據顯示可能形成溶劑化物
獲得以下XRPD數擴(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.88(s,3H),7.74-7.61(m,2H),6.31(s,2H),5.96(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.34-4.06(m,4H),3.88(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.47-3.31(m,3H),2.31(s,6H),1.85-1.40(m,4H),1.22(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。
圖3示出獲得的XRPD圖
使50mg的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離形式和13.89mg富馬酸在1mL EtOH中於50℃平衡。冷卻至室溫過夜並過濾混合物。這得到富馬酸鹽。
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.63(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),6.52(s,2H),6.26(s,2H),6.14(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.20-4.02(m,1H),3.97(dd,J=19.6,14.4Hz,2H),3.76(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.32-3.16(m,3H),3.11(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),1.82-1.37(m,4H),1.14(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。
圖4示出獲得的XRPD圖。
將30ml乙腈加入到含有3.0g TNO155-NX和1.0g己二酸的100ml燒瓶中。將所得懸浮液加熱至50℃保持3小時,並且然後在3小時時段內冷卻至15℃。將懸浮液保持在15℃攪拌過夜。將固體用抽濾分離,並在40℃下真空乾燥12小時。所得己二酸鹽變型A的產率為約80%。
己二酸鹽顯示為高度結晶的固體,熔點起點為145.3℃,並且伴隨焓為90J/g。己二酸鹽晶體顯示片狀顆粒的聚集體。
NMR的莫耳化學計量學:1:1.02(鹼:己二酸)
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.63(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),6.27(s,3H),6.14(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.19-4.00(m,1H),3.98-3.77(m,2H),3.68(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),3.49(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),3.33(dddd,J=31.4,13.1,9.3,3.4Hz,2H),2.93(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.28-2.09(m,4H),1.80-1.56(m,2H),1.57-1.37(m,6H),1.09(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖5示出獲得的XRPD圖。
使用含有甘露醇、Ac-di-Sol和微晶纖維素的藥物成分的混合物時,己二酸鹽顯示出強烈的降解。
將2.0g的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺游離形式和1.13g琥珀酸加入EasyMax反應器中,然後加入40mL乙醇。將所得混合物在25℃攪拌3天。將混合物過濾。將固相用40mL乙醇洗滌並在環境溫度下乾燥。這得到單琥珀酸鹽無水形式變型A。
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.73-7.53(m,2H),6.27(s,2H),6.16(s,2H),5.73(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.26-4.03(m,1H),4.04-3.87(m,2H),3.75(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.23(dddd,J=23.6,13.3,9.9,3.3Hz,2H),3.10(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),2.35(s,5H),1.72-1.40(m,4H),1.13(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖6示出獲得的XRPD圖。
將2g的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺單琥珀酸鹽水合物變型HA加入合適的燒瓶中。將
20mL乙腈/水的混合物(80:20,體積/體積)加入燒瓶中,並將所得懸浮液攪拌過夜。將混合物過濾並在周圍環境下乾燥至固相。這得到了半琥珀酸鹽水合物變型HA。
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.73-7.50(m,2H),6.26(s,2H),6.14(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.17-4.02(m,1H),3.91(t,J=13.0Hz,2H),3.72(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.53(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),3.01(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.33(s,2H),1.85-1.40(m,4H),1.11(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖7示出獲得的XRPD。
將12g的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺加入150mL IPA中。將混合物在70℃下攪拌30分鐘以溶解所有固體。將混合物在2小時內冷卻至25℃並攪拌另外1小時。將固體藉由真空過濾收集,真空乾燥,得到游離形式的變型A(10.4g,86.7%)
使用含有HPMC的賦形劑混合物時,游離形式顯示出強烈降解
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.72-7.54(m,2H),6.25(s,2H),6.12(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.06(qd,J=6.4,5.1Hz,1H),3.83(tt,J=13.2,5.5Hz,2H),3.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.48(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),3.44-3.22(m,3H),2.90(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),1.72(ddd,J=13.2,9.3,3.8Hz,1H),1.62(ddd,J=13.1,9.0,4.0Hz,1H),1.48(ddt,J=20.1,13.2,3.5Hz,2H),1.08(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖9示出獲得的XRPD。
將1.0g的(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺單琥珀酸鹽水合物變型HA加入20mL玻璃小瓶中,並加入5mL甲醇。將所得混合物在50℃下攪拌一周。將混合物過濾並在周圍環境下乾燥至固相。這得到半琥珀酸鹽無水物變型A。
獲得以下XRPD數據(2-θ值表)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ 7.77-7.51(m,2H),6.26(s,2H),6.14(s,2H),5.74(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.22-3.99(m,1H),3.91(t,J=13.7Hz,2H),3.72(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.54(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),3.02(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.34(s,3H),1.86-1.39(m,4H),1.11(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
圖8示出獲得的XRPD。
在DVS期間從琥珀酸鹽(2:1)變型HA獲得標題化合物。
實例16:實例6至14的不同形式的比較:
選擇琥珀酸鹽半水合物(變型HA)(實例6)而不是其無水形式(變型A),因為無水形式可以在含有極少量水(1-2%)的水性有機溶劑混合物中快速轉化為變型HA,這防止了在穩定性儲存或壓片期間形狀改變的風險。此外,選擇變型HA而不是半琥珀酸鹽形式,因為它們係高度吸濕的並且顯示出作為變型HA的更高程度的多態性。
實例6的琥珀酸鹽變型HA在室溫下在10% RH至50% RH保持恒定水含量。實例6的琥珀酸鹽變型HA在水性介質中顯示出高溶解度,表明潛在的良好生物利用度:
FaSSIF=禁食狀態模擬腸液(V2:牛磺膽酸鈉3mM、卵磷脂0.2mM、氯化鈉68.6mM、馬來酸19.1mM,氫氧化鈉101mM、胰酶10.0mg/l)
FeSSIF V2=進食狀態模擬腸液(V2:10mM牛磺膽酸鈉、2.0mM卵磷脂、0.8mM油酸鈉、5.0mM甘油單油酸酯、125.5mM氯化鈉、81.7mM氫氧化鈉、55.0mM馬來酸、胰酶40.0mg/l)
SGF=模擬胃液(氯化鈉2g/l、triton X-100 1g/l、HCl 0.1M 100ml/l
在50℃/75% RH下,當與以下四種賦形劑混合時,琥珀酸鹽形式H
A
在所有四種實驗賦形劑混合物中顯示出可接受的降解水平(使用含有HPMC的混合物,游離形式顯示出強烈降解,使用含有甘露醇、Ac-di-Sol和微晶纖維素的混合物時,己二酸鹽顯示出強烈降解):
混合物1:明膠粉末
混合物2:HPMC
混合物3:MCC PH101(45wt-%);乳糖一水合物(44wt-%)、PVP K30(4wt-%)、Aerosil(0.5wt-%)、硬脂酸鎂(1.5wt-%),然後向混合物中加入20wt-%的水。
混合物4:甘露醇DC(68.7wt-%)、MCC PH102(26wt-%)、Ac-Di-Sol(4wt-%)、Aerosil(0.3wt-%)、硬脂酸鎂(1wt-%)
圖(單圖縮寫為「Fig.」)
[圖1]示出(3S,4S)-8-(6-胺基-5-((2-胺基-3-氯吡啶-4-基)硫代)吡-2-基)-3-甲基-2-氧雜-8-氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-4-胺琥珀酸鹽(1:1)半水合物變型(形式)HA之XRPD。
Claims (10)
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之化合物,該化合物呈結晶形式,該結晶形式藉由XRPD表徵具有至少四個以下2-θ值:8.1°、16.3°、17.5°、22.5°和26.8°。
- 一種藥物組成物,該藥物組成物包含如申請專利範圍第2項至第5項中任一項所述之具有式I*之化合物。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第2項至第5項中任一項所定義之具有式I*之化合物之用途,其係製備用於治療由SHP2活性介導的疾病或障礙的藥劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之用途,其中該由SHP2活性介導的疾病或障礙選自努南氏症、Leopard症候群、青少年骨髓單核球白血病、神經母細胞瘤、黑素瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、乳癌、食管癌、肺癌、結腸癌、頭癌、神經母細胞瘤、頭頸部鱗狀細胞癌、胃癌、間變性大細胞淋巴瘤和膠質母細胞瘤。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之用途,其中該如申請專利範圍第2項至第5項中任一項所定義之具有式I*之化合物,和一種或多種其他藥理活性化合物,用於同時、順序或分開給藥。
- 一種組合,該組合包含如申請專利範圍第2項至第5項中任一項所定義之具有式I*之化合物,和一種或多種其他藥理活性化合物,用於同時、順序或分開給藥。
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