TW202214253A - 延遲、預防及治療對ras抑制劑之後天抗性之方法 - Google Patents
延遲、預防及治療對ras抑制劑之後天抗性之方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於以雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑之組合治療疾病或病症(例如癌症)的組合物及方法。特定言之,在一些實施例中,本發明包括使用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡及/或用於延遲、預防或治療對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物及方法。
Description
本發明係關於以雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑之組合治療疾病或病症(例如癌症)的組合物及方法。特定言之,在一些實施例中,本發明包括使用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑延遲、預防或治療對KRAS抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物及方法。在一些實施例中,本發明包括用於誘導細胞(例如腫瘤細胞)發生細胞凋亡的組合物及方法,其藉由使該細胞與RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑,諸如KRAS(OFF)
G12C抑制劑)及雙立體型mTOR抑制劑之組合接觸來達成。在一些特定實施例中,本發明包括誘導細胞(例如腫瘤細胞)發生細胞凋亡的方法,其藉由使該細胞與RAS抑制劑(例如RAS(ON)抑制劑,諸如KRAS(ON)
G12C抑制劑)及雙立體型mTOR抑制劑之組合接觸來達成。
癌症仍為人類健康之最致命威脅之一。在美國,癌症每年影響近1.3百萬新患者,且為心臟病之後的第二個主要死亡原因,在4例死亡中佔約1例(US20170204187)。
文獻中已充分確定RAS蛋白(KRAS、HRAS及NRAS)在多種人類癌症中起著必不可少的作用且因此為抗癌療法的適當標靶。活化突變、過度表現或上游活化引起的RAS蛋白調節異常在人類腫瘤中是普遍的,且在約30%人類癌症中發現RAS的活化突變。在RAS蛋白中,KRAS出現最頻繁的突變且因此為癌症療法的重要標靶。RAS在GDP結合「關閉」(「RAS(OFF)」)狀態與GTP結合「開啟」(「RAS(ON)」)狀態之間擺動,此受到使RAS負載GTP之GEF蛋白(例如SOS1)與使GTP水解、藉此不活化RAS之GAP蛋白(例如NF1)之間的相互作用的促進。另外,含有SH2域的蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酯酶-2 (SHP2)與受體信號傳導設備結合且在RTK活化後變得有活性,接著促進RAS活化。RAS蛋白中的突變可將蛋白質鎖定在「開啟」狀態,從而產生組成活性信號傳導路徑,導致細胞生長失控。
KRAS
G12C「關閉」形式的首創新藥共價抑制劑已證明儘管不是對所有癌症患者,但對具有KRAS
G12C突變的癌症患者具有有前景的抗腫瘤活性。另外,治療劑對RAS路徑的抑制儘管最初通常有效,但最終可證實為無效的,原因為其可引起RAS路徑信號傳導經由多種機制過度活化,包括例如經由天然地以此等路徑操作的負反饋機構的緩解而使路徑再活化。舉例而言,在多種癌症中,MEK抑制因其使MEK/ERK介導之RTK活化反饋抑制緩解而引起ErbB信號傳導增強。結果,最初對此類抑制劑敏感的細胞可變得具有抗性。因此,需要有效抑制RAS路徑信號傳導而不誘導抗性機制活化或藉由最小化抗性機制效應來有效抑制RAS路徑信號傳導的方法。
本發明係關於以雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑,諸如KRAS(OFF)
G12C選擇性抑制劑,或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)的組合治療疾病或病症(例如癌症)的組合物及方法。已驚人地發現,此類組合可延遲、預防或治療對RAS抑制劑的後天抗性。特定言之,在一些實施例中,本發明部分地關於使用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑延遲、預防或治療對KRAS(OFF)抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物及方法。在一些實施例中,本發明係關於使用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑延遲、預防或治療對KRAS(ON)抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物及方法。此外,已驚人地發現,在此類組合存在下發生細胞凋亡。因此,在一些實施例中,本發明係關於使用一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與一或多種KRAS(OFF)抑制劑的組合誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的組合物及方法。在一些實施例中,本發明係關於使用一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與一或多種KRAS(ON)抑制劑的組合誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的組合物及方法。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種延遲或預防個體產生針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受或將接受RAS抑制劑的投與。在一些實施例中,RAS選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包含向個體投與有效量之RAS抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向特定RAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係以其「開啟」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係選自附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示的抑制劑或WO 2020132597 (其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)中的RAS抑制劑,或此類抑制劑中之兩者或更多者的組合。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變,及KRAS
G12Y突變。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些實施例中,mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272或RMC-5552。在一些實施例中,向個體投與RAS抑制劑以治療或預防癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症為G12C癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌,及血液癌症(例如血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病);骨髓增生性疾病(例如骨髓纖維化及骨髓增生性贅瘤);多發性骨髓瘤;骨髓發育不良症候群)。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤消退。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種治療個體之針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包含向個體投與有效量之RAS抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向特定RAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑以其「開啟」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係選自附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示的抑制劑或WO 2020132597 (其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)中的RAS抑制劑,或此類抑制劑中之兩者或更多者的組合。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變,及KRAS
G12Y突變。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些實施例中,mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272或RMC-5552。在一些實施例中,向個體投與RAS抑制劑以治療或預防癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症為G12C癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌,及血液癌症(例如血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病);骨髓增生性疾病(例如骨髓纖維化及骨髓增生性贅瘤);多發性骨髓瘤;骨髓發育不良症候群)。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤消退。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種治療患有癌症之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑之組合。在一些實施例中,RAS選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向特定RAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係選自附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示的抑制劑或WO 2020132597 (其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)中的RAS抑制劑,或此類抑制劑中之兩者或更多者的組合。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變,及KRAS
G12Y突變。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM- 006,亦已知為RMC-6272或RMC-5552。在一些實施例中,癌症為G12C癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌,及血液癌症(例如血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病);骨髓增生性疾病(例如骨髓纖維化及骨髓增生性贅瘤);多發性骨髓瘤;骨髓發育不良症候群)。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤消退。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,包含使該腫瘤細胞與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及RAS抑制劑的組合接觸。在一些實施例中,RAS選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向特定RAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑係選自附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示的抑制劑或WO 2020132597 (其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)中的RAS抑制劑,或此類抑制劑中之兩者或更多者的組合。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變,及KRAS
G12Y突變。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些實施例中,mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272或RMC-5552。在一些實施例中,腫瘤係由癌症引起。在一些實施例中,癌症為G12C癌症。在一些實施例中,癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌,及血液癌症(例如血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病);骨髓增生性疾病(例如骨髓纖維化及骨髓增生性贅瘤);多發性骨髓瘤;骨髓發育不良症候群)。在一些實施例中,癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤消退。在一些實施例中,方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。在一些實施例中,相較於尚未接受RAS抑制劑與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑治療之類似個體的壽命,該方法使得個體的壽命改善。
相關申請案的交叉參照
本申請案主張2020年6月18日申請之美國臨時申請案第63/041,071號及2020年8月7日申請之美國臨時申請案第63/062,973號及2020年11月23日申請之美國臨時申請案第63/117,417號及2021年1月5日申請之美國臨時申請案第63/134,128號及2021年5月25日申請之美國臨時申請案第63/192,976號的權益,該等美國臨時申請案中之每一者的內容以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
本發明詳細闡述於以下隨附實施方式中。儘管可使用與本文所述類似或等效的方法及材料來實施或測試本發明,但現描述說明性方法及材料。本發明之其他特徵、目標及優點自實施方式及申請專利範圍將顯而易見。在說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中,除非上下文另外明確規定,否則單數形式亦包括複數形式。除非另外定義,否則本文所用之所有技術及科學術語具有與一般熟習本發明所屬技術者通常所瞭解相同的含義。本說明書中引用之所有專利及公開案皆以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
通用方法
除非另外指明,否則本發明之實施將採用此項技術之技能範圍內的細胞培養、分子生物學(包括重組技術)、微生物學、細胞生物學、生物化學及免疫學的習知技術。此類技術充分闡釋於文獻中,諸如
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, third edition (Sambrook等人, 2001) Cold Spring Harbor Press;
Oligonucleotide Synthesis(P. Herdewijn編, 2004); Animal Cell Culture (R. I. Freshney編), 1987);
Methods in Enzymology(Academic Press, Inc.);
Handbook of Experimental Immunology(D. M. Weir及C. C. Blackwell編);
Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(J. M. Miller及M. P. Calos編, 1987);
Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F. M. Ausubel等人編, 1987);
PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction, (Mullis等人編, 1994);
Current Protocols in Immunology(J. E. Coligan等人編, 1991);
Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(Wiley and Sons, 1999);
Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology(B. Detrick, N. R. Rose及J. D. Folds編, 2006);
Immunochemical Protocols(J. Pound編, 2003);
Lab Manual in Biochemistry: Immunology and Biotechnology(A. Nigam及A. Ayyagari編, 2007);
Immunology Methods Manual: The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Techniques(Ivan Lefkovits編, 1996); Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (E. Harlow及D. Lane編,1988);及其他。
定義
除非另外定義,否則本文所用之所有技術及科學術語具有與一般熟習本發明所屬技術者通常所瞭解相同的含義。雖然可以使用與本文所述類似或等效的任何方法及材料實施或測試本發明,但所述的方法及材料較佳。出於本發明之目的,以下術語定義如下。
冠詞「一(a)」及「一(an)」在本發明中用於指冠詞的一個或超過一個(亦即,至少一個)文法對象。舉例而言,「一個元件」意謂一個元件或超過一個元件。
儘管本發明支持提及僅替代物及「及/或」之定義,但除非明確提及僅替代物或替代物相互排斥,否則術語「或」用於意謂「及/或」。除非另外指出,否則術語「及/或」在本發明中用於意謂「及」或「或」。
除非上下文另有要求,否則在通篇本說明書中,「包含(comprise)」、「包含(comprises)」及「包含(comprising)」一詞應理解為意指包括所述步驟或元件或一組步驟或元件,但不排除任何其他步驟或元件或其他組步驟或元件。「由…組成」意欲包括且限於在片語「由…組成」中間的任何事物。因此,片語「由…組成」表示所列元件為必需或必選的,且不可存在其他元件。「基本上由…組成」意欲包括該片語之後所列之任何元件,且限於不干擾或不影響本發明中針對所列元件指定之活性或作用的其他元件。因此,片語「基本上由…組成」表示所列元件為必需或必選的,但其他元件為視情況存在的且視其是否影響所列元件之活性或作用而定可存在或可不存在。
術語「例如(
e.g.)」在本文中用於意謂「例如(for example)」且應理解為意指包括所述步驟或元件或一組步驟或元件,但不排除任何其他步驟或元件或其他組步驟或元件。
「視情況(optional)」或「視情況(optionally)」意謂隨後描述之事件或情況可能發生或可能不發生,及描述包括事件或情況發生之情形及其不發生之情形。舉例而言,「視情況經取代之芳基」涵蓋如本文所定義之「芳基」與「經取代之芳基」。一般熟習此項技術者應瞭解,就含有一或多個取代基之任何基團而言,不希望此類基團引入在空間上不切實際、合成方式不可行的及/或內在地不穩定的任何取代或取代模式。
如本發明中所用,術語「投與(administer)」、「投與(administering)」或「投藥(administration)」係指向個體直接投與所揭示之化合物或所揭示之化合物或組合物的醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或向個體投與該化合物之前藥衍生物或類似物或該化合物或組合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其可在個體身體內形成等效量的活性化合物。
術語「雙立體型mTOR抑制劑」與「雙立體型mTOR抑制劑」在本發明中可互換使用且係指單一化合物中存在兩種藥效基團。一種藥效基團結合至mTORC1上之熟知的FRB (FKBP12-雷帕黴素結合)位點且另一種藥效基團結合至mTOR激酶活性位點。作為此兩種結合相互作用的結果,此類化合物展現生物學上適用的兩種特徵:(1)對mTORC1的選擇性大於mTORC2,此為天然化合物雷帕黴素的特徵;及(2)對mTORC1的深度抑制,此為已知活性位點抑制劑的特徵。此等特性能夠選擇性抑制mTORC1受質(包括4EBP1)的磷酸化。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑具有1600 Da與2100 Da (包括端點)之間的分子量,且對mTORC1展現的選擇性(>10倍)抑制大於mTORC2。
如本發明所用,術語「載劑」涵蓋賦形劑及稀釋劑,且意謂材料、組合物或媒劑,諸如液體或固體填充劑、稀釋劑、賦形劑、溶劑或囊封材料,涉及將醫藥劑自個體之身體的一個器官或部分載送或輸送至身體的另一器官或部分。
術語「組合療法」係指一種治療方法,包含向個體投與至少兩種治療劑,視情況呈一或多種醫藥組合物形式。舉例而言,組合療法可包含投與單一醫藥組合物,其包含至少兩種治療劑及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。組合療法可包含投與兩種或更多種醫藥組合物,各組合物包含一或多種治療劑及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。在各種實施例中,至少一種治療劑為雙立體型mTOR抑制劑(例如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之任一或多種此類雙立體型mTOR抑制劑)。在各種實施例中至少一種治療劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑(例如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之任一或多種KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)。在一些特定實施例中,至少一種治療劑為KRAS
G12C抑制劑(例如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之任一種或多種KRAS
G12C抑制劑)。在一些特定實施例中,至少一種治療劑為AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443或MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,至少一種治療劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,治療劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,治療劑為MRTX849。在各種實施例中,至少一種治療劑為雙立體型mTOR抑制劑且一種治療劑為KRAS
G12C抑制劑。兩種藥劑視情況可同時投與(作為單一組合物或作為各別組合物)或依序投與(作為各別組合物)。治療劑可以有效量投與。治療劑可以治療有效量投與。在一些實施例中,一或多種治療劑當在組合療法中使用時的有效量可低於相同治療劑當其作為單一療法使用時的治療量,例如由於兩種或更多種治療劑組合的相加或協同效應。
除非另外指明,否則術語「病症」在本發明用於意謂術語疾病、病狀或病痛且可與該等術語互換使用。
「有效量」當結合化合物使用時,為有效治療或預防如本文所述之個體之疾病或病症的量。
術語「抑制劑」意謂阻止生物分子(例如蛋白質、核酸)完成或起始反應的化合物。抑制劑可藉由競爭性、無競爭性或非競爭性方式抑制反應。例示性抑制劑包括(但不限於)核酸、DNA、RNA、shRNA、siRNA、蛋白質、蛋白質模擬物、肽、肽模擬物、抗體、小分子、化學物質;模擬酶、受體或其他蛋白質之結合位點(例如參與信號轉導)的類似物;治療劑、醫藥組合物、藥物,及其組合。在一些實施例中,抑制劑可為核酸分子,包括(但不限於)減少細胞中之功能蛋白之量的siRNA。因此,據稱「能夠抑制」特定蛋白質(例如mTOR或RAS)的化合物包含任何此類抑制劑。
如本文所用,術語「RAS(OFF)抑制劑」係指靶向(亦即,選擇性地結合至或抑制) GDP所結合之呈非活性狀態的RAS (例如選擇性避開GTP所結合之呈活性狀態的RAS)的抑制劑。抑制GDP所結合之呈非活性狀態的RAS包括例如藉由抑制GDP被GTP交換、藉此抑制RAS採取活性構形來隔離非活性狀態。在某些實施例中,RAS(OFF)抑制劑亦可結合至或抑制GTP所結合之呈活性狀態的RAS (例如親和力或抑制常數低於GDP所結合之呈非活性狀態的RAS)。在一些實施例中,RAS(OFF)抑制劑具有低於700 Da的分子量。術語「KRAS(OFF)抑制劑」係指以GDP所結合之其「關閉」姿態結合至KRAS的任何抑制劑。提及術語KRAS(OFF)抑制劑包括例如AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自BPI-421286、JNJ-74699157 (ARS-3248)、LY3537982、MRTX1257、ARS853、ARS1620或GDC-6036。在一些實施例中,提及術語KRAS(OFF)抑制劑包括以下專利申請案中之任一者中所揭示的任何此類KRAS(OFF)抑制劑:WO 2021113595、WO 2021107160、WO 2021106231、WO 2021088458、WO 2021086833、WO 2021085653、WO 2021081212、WO 2021058018、WO 2021057832、WO 2021055728、WO 2021031952、WO 2021027911、WO 2021023247、WO 2020259513、WO 2020259432、WO 2020234103、WO 2020233592、WO 2020216190、WO 2020178282、WO 2020146613、WO 2020118066、WO 2020113071、WO 2020106647、WO 2020102730、WO 2020101736、WO 2020097537、WO 2020086739、WO 2020081282、WO 2020050890、WO 2020047192、WO 2020035031、WO 2020028706、WO 2019241157、WO 2019232419、WO 2019217691、WO 2019217307、WO 2019215203、WO 2019213526、WO 2019213516、WO 2019155399、WO 2019150305、WO 2019110751、WO 2019099524、WO 2019051291、WO 2018218070、WO 2018218071、WO 2018218069、WO 2018217651、WO 2018206539、WO 2018143315、WO 2018140600、WO 2018140599、WO 2018140598、WO 2018140514、WO 2018140513、WO 2018140512、WO 2018119183、WO 2018112420、WO 2018068017、WO 2018064510、WO 2017201161、WO 2017172979、WO 2017100546、WO 2017087528、WO 2017058807、WO 2017058805、WO 2017058728、WO 2017058902、WO 2017058792、WO 2017058768、WO 2017058915、WO 2017015562、WO 2016168540、WO 2016164675、WO 2016049568、WO 2016049524、WO 2015054572、WO 2014152588、WO 2014143659及WO 2013155223,其各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。本文中提及「AMG 510」及「MRTX849」意謂以下化合物:
。
如本文所用,術語「RAS(ON)抑制劑」係指靶向(亦即,選擇性地結合至或抑制) GDP所結合之呈活性狀態的RAS (例如選擇性避開GTP所結合之呈非活性狀態的RAS)的抑制劑。抑制GTP所結合之呈活性狀態的RAS包括例如抑制GTP所結合之呈活性狀態之RAS的致癌信號傳導。在一些實施例中,RAS(ON)抑制劑為選擇性地結合至且抑制GTP所結合之呈活性狀態之RAS的抑制劑。在某些實施例中,RAS(ON)抑制劑亦可結合至或抑制GTP所結合之呈非活性狀態的RAS (例如親和力或抑制常數低於GDP所結合之呈活性狀態的RAS)。在一些實施例中,RAS(ON)抑制劑具有800 Da與1100 Da (包括端點)之間的分子量。術語「KRAS(ON)抑制劑」係指以GDP所結合之其「開啟」姿態結合至KRAS的任何抑制劑。提及術語KRAS(ON)抑制劑包括(不限於)選自附錄A-1、附錄B-1及附錄C-1中所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑的任一或多種KRAS(ON)抑制劑,或WO 2020132597中的RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中),或任何此類KRAS(ON)抑制劑的組合。
除非另外明確指出,如本文所用,「化合物A」及「化合物B」各自為附錄B-1中所揭示之獨特KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑,且涵蓋其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
術語「單一療法」係指一種治療方法,包含向個體投與單一治療劑,視情況呈醫藥組合物形式。舉例而言,單一療法可包含投與醫藥組合物,其包含治療劑及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。治療劑可以有效量投與。治療劑可以治療有效量投與。
如本文所用,術語「突變」表示對核酸及/或多肽的任何修飾,其引起核酸或多肽的變化。術語「突變」可以包括例如點突變、聚核苷酸中之單個或多個殘基的缺失或插入,其包括基因之蛋白質編碼區內產生的變化,以及蛋白質編碼序列外部區域中的變化,諸如(但不限於)調控或啟動子序列,以及擴增及/或染色體斷裂或易位。
「患者」或「個體」為哺乳動物,例如人類、小鼠、大鼠、天竺鼠、犬、貓、馬、牛、豬或非人類靈長類動物,諸如猴、黑猩猩、狒狒或恆河猴。
就個體而言,術語「預防(prevent/preventing)」係指避免個體罹患疾病或病症。預防包括防治性治療。舉例而言,預防可包括在個體罹患疾病之前向個體投與本文所揭示之化合物,且該投與將避免個體罹患疾病。
如本文所用,術語「預防後天抗性」意謂避免後天或適應性抗性的發生。因此,例如本文所述之雙立體型mTOR抑制劑用於預防針對KRAS
G12C抑制劑之後天性/適應性抗性的用途意謂在任何可偵測到的針對KRAS
G12C抑制劑之抗性存在之前,投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,且 雙立體型mTOR抑制劑的此類投與結果為不存在針對KRAS
G12C抑制劑的抗性。
術語「向一/該個體提供」治療劑,例如雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包括投與此類藥劑。
術語「RAS抑制劑」與「[a] RAS抑制劑」可互換使用且係指靶向RAS蛋白的任何抑制劑。在各種實施例中,此等術語包括RAS(OFF)及RAS(ON)抑制劑,諸如本文所揭示之KRAS(OFF)及KRAS(ON)抑制劑。術語「RAS(OFF)抑制劑」係指以GDP所結合之其「關閉」姿態結合至RAS蛋白的任何抑制劑,如本文進一步定義。術語「RAS(ON)抑制劑」係指以GDP所結合之「開啟」姿態結合至RAS蛋白的任何抑制劑,如本文進一步定義。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑具有低於700 Da的分子量。在一些實施例中,RAS抑制劑選自由以下組成之群:AMG510、MRTX1257、JNJ-74699157 (ARS-3248)、LY3537982、ARS-853、ARS-1620、GDC-6036、BPI-421286、JDQ443、JAB-21000、JAB-22000及JAB-23000。RAS抑制劑可為RAS疫苗,或為了直接地或間接地降低RAS致癌活性而設計的另一種治療模式。
術語「RAS路徑」與「RAS/MAPK路徑」在本文中可互換使用且係指多種細胞表面生長因子受體下游的信號轉導級聯,其中RAS (及其多種同功異型物及異型)的活化為驅動多種細胞效應子事件的中心事件,該等細胞效應子事件決定了細胞的增殖、活化、分化、遷移及其他功能特性。SHP2將來自生長因子受體的正面信號傳送至RAS活化/去活化循環,此受到鳥嘌呤核苷酸交換因子(GEF,諸如SOS1)調節,從而將GTP負載於RAS上以產生具有功能活性的經GTP結合之RAS,以及GTP加速蛋白(GAP,諸如NF1),該等GTP加速蛋白根據GTP轉化為GDP而促進信號終止。此循環產生的經GTP結合之RAS將必不可少的正面信號傳送至一系列絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶,包括RAF及MAP激酶,此等激酶向不同的細胞效應功能發出額外信號。
術語RMC-5552係指附錄D-1及WO 2019212990中發現的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑(亦稱為mTORC1選擇性抑制劑),其中WO 2019212990以全文引用的方式併入本文中,該抑制劑具有以下結構:
提及一種細胞的「亞型」(例如KRAS
G12C亞型、KRAS
G12S亞型、KRAS
G12D亞型、KRAS
G12V亞型)意謂該細胞含有編碼指定類型之蛋白質中之變化的基因突變。舉例而言,歸類為「KRAS
G12C亞型」的細胞含有至少一種編碼胺基酸取代(位置12之甘胺酸被半胱胺酸取代(
G12C))的KRAS對偶基因;並且同樣,特定亞型(例如KRAS
G12D、KRAS
G12S及KRAS
G12V亞型)的其他細胞含有至少一種具有所示突變(例如分別為KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12S突變或KRAS
G12V突變)的對偶基因。除非另外指出,否則本文中提及的所有胺基酸位置取代(諸如KRAS
G12C中的「
G12C」)對應於所提及蛋白質之人類型式中的取代,亦即,KRAS
G12C係指人類KRAS之位置12的G1C取代。
「治療劑」為能夠治療疾病或病症的任何物質,例如化合物或組合物。在一些實施例中,適用於本發明的治療劑包括(但不限於) mTOR抑制劑;RAS抑制劑,諸如KRAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑);及癌症化學治療劑。許多此類抑制劑此項技術中已知且揭示於本文中。
術語「治療有效量」、「治療劑量」、「預防有效量」或「診斷有效量」為藥物(例如雙立體型mTOR抑制劑)在投與後誘發所需生物反應而必需的量。
就個體而言,術語「治療(treatment/treating)」係指直接地或藉由增強另一療法之作用來改善個體之疾病或病症的至少一種症狀、病變或標記物。治療包括治癒、改善或至少部分地緩解病症,且可包括所治療之疾病或病狀之一或多種可量測標記物的即使最小變化或改善。「治療(Treatment/treating)」不一定表示疾病或病狀或其相關症狀的完全根除或治癒。接受此療法的個體為有需要之任何個體。臨床改善的例示性標記物對於熟習此項技術者而言將為顯而易見的。
概述
本發明尤其係關於以RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑之組合治療或預防疾病或病症(例如癌症)的組合物、方法及套組。在一些特定實施例中,本發明包括藉由將RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑組合投與來延遲、預防或治療針對RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)之後天抗性的方法。在一些特定實施例中,本發明包括誘導細胞(例如腫瘤細胞)發生細胞凋亡的方法,其藉由使該細胞與RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑,諸如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)及雙立體型mTOR抑制劑之組合接觸來達成。在一些特定實施例中,本發明包括誘導細胞(例如腫瘤細胞)發生細胞凋亡的方法,其藉由使該細胞與RAS抑制劑(例如RAS(ON)抑制劑,諸如KRAS(ON)
G12C抑制劑)及雙立體型mTOR抑制劑之組合接觸來達成。
哺乳動物雷帕黴素標靶(mTOR)為與磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)家族之脂質激酶有關的絲胺酸-蘇胺酸激酶。mTOR存在於兩種複合物中:mTORCl及mTORC2,該兩種複合物受到不同程度的調控,具有不同的受質特異性,且對雷帕黴素具有不同敏感度。mTORCl將來自生長因子受體的信號與細胞營養狀態整合且藉由調節關鍵轉譯組分(諸如帽結合蛋白及致癌基因eIF4E)來控制帽依賴性mRNA轉譯水準。PI3K/mTOR路徑的過度活化經由不同組分的突變或缺失而頻繁發生於人類癌症中。
mTOR存在多種抑制劑且該等抑制劑對兩種mTOR複合物具有不同的特異性。然而,儘管生物學基本原理明確,但PI3K/mTOR路徑抑制劑大部分在「全患群」臨床試驗中已失敗,此歸因於缺乏按生物標記物導引的患者分層。本發明人已開發出一類選擇性mTORC1抑制劑,稱為『雙立體型』,其包含與mTOR活性位點抑制劑共價連接的雷帕黴素樣核心部分。相對於mTORC2,雙立體型mTORC1抑制劑對mTORC1展現強且選擇性(>10倍)的抑制,持久地抑制S6K及4EBP1磷酸化,且誘導多種癌細胞株的生長抑制及細胞凋亡。此等抑制劑中的雷帕黴素類似物提供mTORC1選擇性且在避開mTORC2的同時,有力地抑制4EBP1-eIF4E軸對轉譯的起始。在各種實施例中,此等雙立體型mTOR抑制劑中之任一者或多者可用於本文所揭示之任一種方法中。
因此,在一些實施例中,本發明係關於以下意外發現:雙立體型mTOR抑制劑(例如諸如RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552)的共投與可延遲且甚至阻滯或逆轉對KRAS抑制劑的後天抗性,尤其對KRAS
G12C抑制劑的後天抗性。此外,在一些實施例中,本發明係關於以下意外發現:KRAS抑制劑(尤其KRAS
G12C抑制劑)與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑(例如諸如RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552)的組合使得腫瘤細胞發生協同性細胞凋亡。因此,在一些實施例中,本發明包括以RAS抑制劑與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑的組合治療疾病或病狀(例如癌症或腫瘤)的組合物、方法及套組。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS、NRAS或HRAS。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為RAS突變體特異性抑制劑。在某些實施例中,RAS突變體係選自:
(a)以下K-Ras突變體:G12D、G12V、G12C、G13D、G12R、G12A、Q61H、G12S、A146T、G13C、Q61L、Q61R、K117N、A146V、G12F、Q61K、L19F、Q22K、V14I、A59T、A146P、G13R、G12L或G13V,及其組合;
(b)以下H-Ras突變體:Q61R、G13R、Q61K、G12S、Q61L、G12D、G13V、G13D、G12C、K117N、A59T、G12V、G13C、Q61H、G13S、A18V、D119N、G13N、A146T、A66T、G12A、A146V、G12N或G12R及其組合;及
(c)以下N-Ras突變體:Q61R、Q61K、G12D、Q61L、Q61H、G13R、G13D、G12S、G12C、G12V、G12A、G13V、G12R、P185S、G13C、A146T、G60E、Q61P、A59D、E132K、E49K、T50I、A146V或A59T,及其組合。
此等位置處的突變可導致RAS驅動型腫瘤。在一些特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。KRAS(OFF)抑制劑可為以下文獻中之任一者中所揭示之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑:WO 2020118066、WO 2020113071、WO 2020106647、WO 2020106640、WO 2020102730、WO 2020101736、WO 2020097537、WO 2020086739、WO 2020018282、WO 2020050890、WO 2020047192、WO 2020035031、WO 2020033413、WO 2020028706、WO 2019241157、WO 2019234405、WO 2019232419、WO 2019227040、WO 2019217933、WO 2019217691、WO 2019217307、WO 2019215203、WO 2019213526、WO 2019213516、WO 2019204442、WO 2019204449、WO 2019204505、WO 2019155399、WO 2019150305、WO 2019137985、WO 2019110751、WO 2019099524、WO 2019055540、WO 2019051291、WO 2018237084、WO 2018218070、WO 2018217651、WO 2018218071、WO 2018218069、WO 2018212774、WO 2018206539、WO 2018195439、WO 2018143315、WO 2018140600、WO 2018140599、WO 2018140598、WO 2018140514、WO 2018140513、WO 2018140512、WO 2018119183、WO 2018112420、WO 2018068017、WO 2018064510、WO 2018011351、WO 2018005678、WO 2017201161、WO 20171937370、WO 2017172979、WO 2017112777、WO 2017106520、WO 2017096045、WO 2017100546、WO 2017087528、WO 2017079864、WO 2017058807、WO 2017058805、WO 2017058728、WO 2017058902、WO 2017058792、WO 2017058768、WO 2017058915、WO 2017015562、WO 2016179558、WO 2016176338、WO 2016168540、WO 2016164675、WO 2016100546、WO 2016049568、WO 2016049524、WO 2015054572、WO 2014152588、WO 2014143659及WO 2013155223,其各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在一個此類實施例中,本發明包括使用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133的KRAS(OFF)抑制劑治療疾病或病狀(例如癌症或腫瘤)的組合物、方法及套組。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑。KRAS(ON)抑制劑可為附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑中的任一者或多者,或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。任何此類方法中使用的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑在一些實施例中可為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之任何雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑係選自WO 2016/040806、WO 2018/204416、WO 2019/212990或WO 2019/212991中所揭示之多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑中的任一者,該等文獻各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可為附錄D-1中所揭示之任一種或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。
在一些實施例中,mTOR抑制劑為RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)。在一些實施例中,mTOR抑制劑為RMC-5552。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
或其立體異構體。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
或其互變異構體。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
或其氧雜環庚烷異構體,諸如WO 2019212990中所述,其以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
或其立體異構體。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
或其互變異構體。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
。
在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為
。
在一些實施例中,提供一種組合物,其包含
或其立體異構體或互變異構體
以及
或其立體異構體或互變異構體。組合物可進一步包含醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。在一些實施例中,提供一種組合物,其包含
。
組合物可進一步包含醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
可用RAS抑制劑治療的任何疾病或病狀可根據本發明治療。治療可針對有需要之個體。可以有效量投與化合物(例如雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑,諸如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)以治療疾病或病狀(例如癌症或腫瘤)。在特定實施例中,根據本文所揭示之方法治療的疾病或病狀為癌症。癌症可形成腫瘤。舉例而言,本發明提供一種治療有需要之個體之癌症的方法,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物(例如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,及/或RAS抑制劑,諸如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之KRAS
G12C抑制劑),或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或包含此類化合物或鹽的醫藥組合物。
在一些實施例中,癌症包含RAS突變。在一些實施例中,癌症為大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、小細胞肺癌、胰臟癌、闌尾癌、黑色素瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、小腸癌、壺腹癌、生殖細胞癌、子宮頸癌、原發起源未知的癌症、子宮內膜癌、食道胃癌、GI神經內分泌癌、卵巢癌、性索間質腫瘤癌、肝膽癌,或膀胱癌。亦提供一種治療有需要之個體之Ras蛋白相關病症的方法,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物(例如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,及/或RAS抑制劑,諸如本文所揭示或此項技術中已知之KRAS
G12C抑制劑),或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或包含此類化合物或鹽的醫藥組合物。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、包含此類化合物或鹽的醫藥組合物及本文提供的方法可以用於治療多種癌症,包括腫瘤,諸如肺、前列腺、乳房、腦、皮膚、子宮頸的癌瘤、睪丸癌等。更特定而言,可藉由該等化合物或其鹽、包含此類化合物或鹽的醫藥組合物及本發明之方法治療的癌症包括(但不限於)腫瘤類型,諸如星形細胞、乳房、子宮頸、大腸直腸、子宮內膜、食道、胃、頭頸部、肝細胞、喉、肺、口腔、卵巢、前列腺及甲狀腺的癌瘤及肉瘤。其他癌症包括例如:
心臟癌症,例如肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、脂肉瘤)、黏液瘤、橫紋肌瘤、纖維瘤、脂肪瘤及畸胎瘤;
肺癌,例如支氣管癌(鱗狀細胞、未分化小細胞、未分化大細胞腺癌)、肺泡(細支氣管)癌、支氣管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、軟骨瘤錯構瘤、間皮瘤;
胃腸癌症,例如食道(鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃(癌瘤、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰臟(導管腺癌、胰島素瘤、升糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、類癌、vip瘤)、小腸(腺癌、淋巴瘤、類癌、卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、神經纖維瘤、纖維瘤)、大腸(腺癌、管狀腺瘤、絨毛狀腺瘤、錯構瘤、平滑肌瘤);
生殖泌尿道癌症,例如腎臟(腺癌、威姆氏腫瘤(Wilm's tumor)[腎胚細胞瘤]、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱及尿道(鱗狀細胞癌、移行細胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺(腺癌、肉瘤)、睪丸(精原細胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎上皮癌、絨毛膜癌、肉瘤、間質細胞癌、纖維瘤、纖維腺瘤、腺瘤樣腫瘤、脂肪瘤);
肝臟癌症,例如肝瘤(肝細胞癌)、膽管癌、肝胚細胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝細胞腺瘤、血管瘤;
膽道,例如膽囊癌瘤、壺腹癌、膽管癌;
骨骼癌症,例如骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、軟骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤(Ewing's sarcoma)、惡性淋巴瘤(網狀細胞肉瘤)、多發性骨髓瘤、惡性巨細胞瘤脊索瘤、骨軟骨瘤(骨軟骨外生骨疣)、良性軟骨瘤、軟骨母細胞瘤、軟骨黏液性纖維瘤、骨樣骨瘤及巨細胞瘤;
神經系統癌症,例如顱骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽腫瘤、黃瘤、畸形性骨炎)、腦膜(腦膜瘤、腦膜肉瘤、神經膠質瘤病)、腦(星形細胞瘤、神經管胚細胞瘤、神經膠質瘤、室管膜瘤、胚組織瘤(松果體瘤)、多形性神經膠母細胞瘤、寡樹突神經膠質瘤、神經鞘瘤、視網膜胚細胞瘤、先天性腫瘤)、脊髓神經纖維瘤、1型神經纖維瘤、腦膜瘤、神經膠質瘤、肉瘤);
婦科癌症,例如子宮(子宮內膜癌、子宮癌、子宮體子宮內膜癌)、子宮頸(子宮頸癌、腫瘤前子宮頸發育不良)、卵巢(卵巢癌(漿液性囊腺癌、黏液性囊腺癌、類別不明癌)、濾泡膜細胞瘤、塞特利氏-萊迪希氏細胞瘤、無性細胞瘤、惡性畸胎瘤)、外陰(鱗狀細胞癌、上皮內癌、腺癌、纖維肉瘤、黑色素瘤)、陰道(透明細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、葡萄樣肉瘤(胚胎性橫紋肌肉瘤)、輸卵管(癌瘤);
血液癌症,例如血液(骨髓性白血病(急性及慢性)、急性淋巴母細胞性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病);骨髓增生性疾病(例如骨髓纖維化及骨髓增生性贅瘤);多發性骨髓瘤;骨髓發育不良症候群、霍奇金氏疾病(Hodgkin's disease)、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(惡性淋巴瘤);
皮膚癌症,例如惡性黑色素瘤、基底細胞癌、鱗狀細胞癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、發育不良痣、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、皮膚纖維瘤、瘢痕瘤、牛皮癬;以及
腎上腺癌症,例如神經母細胞瘤。
在一些實施例中,根據本文所揭示之方法治療的疾病或病狀為RAS G12C癌症。如本文所用,術語「G12C癌症」意謂包含一或多種G12C突變的癌症。此類突變可發生於HRAS、NRAS及KRAS。
在一些實施例中,根據本文所揭示之方法治療的疾病或病狀為胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌,或血液癌症。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種延遲或預防個體產生針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受或將接受RAS抑制劑的投與。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS、NRAS或HRAS。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為RAS突變體特異性抑制劑。在某些實施例中,RAS突變體係選自
(a)以下K-Ras突變體:G12D、G12V、G12C、G13D、G12R、G12A、Q61H、G12S、A146T、G13C、Q61L、Q61R、K117N、A146V、G12F、Q61K、L19F、Q22K、V14I、A59T、A146P、G13R、G12L或G13V,及其組合;
(b)以下H-Ras突變體:Q61R、G13R、Q61K、G12S、Q61L、G12D、G13V、G13D、G12C、K117N、A59T、G12V、G13C、Q61H、G13S、A18V、D119N、G13N、A146T、A66T、G12A、A146V、G12N或G12R及其組合;及
(c)以下N-Ras突變體:Q61R、Q61K、G12D、Q61L、Q61H、G13R、G13D、G12S、G12C、G12V、G12A、G13V、G12R、P185S、G13C、A146T、G60E、Q61P、A59D、E132K、E49K、T50I、A146V或A59T,及其組合。
在一些特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些實施例中,本發明包括用於延遲或預防針對選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物、方法及套組,該方法包含向個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑。KRAS(ON)抑制劑可為附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑中的任一者或多者,或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。任何此類方法中使用的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑在一些實施例中可為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之任何雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑係選自WO 2016/040806、WO 2018/204416、WO 2019/212990或WO 2019/212991中所揭示之多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑中的任一者,該等文獻各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RMC-5552。個體可患有癌症,例如本文所揭示之多種癌症中的任一者。癌症可為G12C癌症。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括一種治療個體之針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受RAS抑制劑的投與且對RAS抑制劑產生抗性。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS、NRAS或HRAS。在特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為RAS突變體特異性抑制劑。在某些實施例中,RAS突變體係選自
(a)以下K-Ras突變體:G12D、G12V、G12C、G13D、G12R、G12A、Q61H、G12S、A146T、G13C、Q61L、Q61R、K117N、A146V、G12F、Q61K、L19F、Q22K、V14I、A59T、A146P、G13R、G12L或G13V,及其組合;
(b)以下H-Ras突變體:Q61R、G13R、Q61K、G12S、Q61L、G12D、G13V、G13D、G12C、K117N、A59T、G12V、G13C、Q61H、G13S、A18V、D119N、G13N、A146T、A66T、G12A、A146V、G12N或G12R及其組合;及
(c)以下N-Ras突變體:Q61R、Q61K、G12D、Q61L、Q61H、G13R、G13D、G12S、G12C、G12V、G12A、G13V、G12R、P185S、G13C、A146T、G60E、Q61P、A59D、E132K、E49K、T50I、A146V或A59T,及其組合。
在一些實施例中,本發明包括用於治療針對選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑之後天抗性的組合物、方法及套組,該方法包含向個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受RAS抑制劑的投與且對RAS抑制劑產生抗性。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510及MRTX849。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為AMG 510。在一些實施例中,KRAS(OFF)抑制劑為MRTX849。在一些特定實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑。KRAS(ON)抑制劑可為附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑中的任一者或多者,或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。任何此類方法中使用的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑在一些實施例中可為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之任何雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑係選自WO 2016/040806、WO 2018/204416、WO 2019/212990或WO 2019/212991中所揭示之多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑中的任一者,該等文獻各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)。在一些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RMC-5552。個體可患有癌症,例如本文所揭示之多種癌症中的任一者。癌症可為G12C癌症。
在各種實施例中,本文所述之用於治療此類疾病或病狀及用於治療、延遲或預防個體之針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法(包含向該個體投與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑)涉及向個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑),或包含此類雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS
G12C抑制劑)或其組合的組合物(例如醫藥組合物)。在一些此類實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。在一些此類實施例中,RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
利用本發明的應用中可採用能夠抑制RAS的任何化合物或物質來抑制RAS。此類RAS抑制劑之非限制性實例此項技術中已知且揭示於本文中。舉例而言,本文所述之組合物及方法可利用一或多種選自(但不限於)本文中所揭示或此項技術中已知之任何KRAS(OFF)抑制劑的RAS抑制劑。KRAS(OFF)抑制劑可為以下文獻中之任一者中所揭示的任一或多種KRAS(OFF)抑制劑:WO 2020118066、WO 2020113071、WO 2020106647、WO 2020106640、WO 2020102730、WO 2020101736、WO 2020097537、WO 2020086739、WO 2020018282、WO 2020050890、WO 2020047192、WO 2020035031、WO 2020033413、WO 2020028706、WO 2019241157、WO 2019234405、WO 2019232419、WO 2019227040、WO 2019217933、WO 2019217691、WO 2019217307、WO 2019215203、WO 2019213526、WO 2019213516、WO 2019204442、WO 2019204449、WO 2019204505、WO 2019155399、WO 2019150305、WO 2019137985、WO 2019110751、WO 2019099524、WO 2019055540、WO 2019051291、WO 2018237084、WO 2018218070、WO 2018217651、WO 2018218071、WO 2018218069、WO 2018212774、WO 2018206539、WO 2018195439、WO 2018143315、WO 2018140600、WO 2018140599、WO 2018140598、WO 2018140514、WO 2018140513、WO 2018140512、WO 2018119183、WO 2018112420、WO 2018068017、WO 2018064510、WO 2018011351、WO 2018005678、WO 2017201161、WO 20171937370、WO 2017172979、WO 2017112777、WO 2017106520、WO 2017096045、WO 2017100546、WO 2017087528、WO 2017079864、WO 2017058807、WO 2017058805、WO 2017058728、WO 2017058902、WO 2017058792、WO 2017058768、WO 2017058915、WO 2017015562、WO 2016179558、WO 2016176338、WO 2016168540、WO 2016164675、WO 2016100546、WO 2016049568、WO 2016049524、WO 2015054572、WO 2014152588、WO 2014143659及WO 2013155223,該等文獻各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在各種實施例中,本文所述之組合物及方法使用KRAS(OFF)抑制劑AMG 510。在各種實施例中,本文所述之組合物及方法使用KRAS(OFF)抑制劑MRTX849。在各種實施例中,本文所述之組合物及方法使用KRAS(OFF)抑制劑JDQ443。在各種實施例中,本文所述之組合物及方法使用KRAS(OFF)抑制劑MRTX1133。在一些實施例中,本文所述之組合物及方法使用RAS抑制劑,該RAS抑制劑為此項技術中已知或本文中所揭示的KRAS(ON)抑制劑。KRAS(ON)抑制劑可為附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者中所揭示之KRAS(ON)抑制劑中的任一者或多者,或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)。本文所述之組合物及方法可使用一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑選自(但不限於)WO 2016/040806、WO 2018/204416、WO 2019/212990及WO 2019/212991中所揭示之任何雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,該等文獻各自以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可作為單一療法單獨投與或與一或多種其他治療劑(例如RAS抑制劑,諸如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑、KRAS(ON)抑制劑及/或抗癌治療劑)組合作為組合療法投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)可作為醫藥組合物投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在一或多種其他治療劑(例如RAS抑制劑及/或抗癌治療劑)之前、之後及/或同時投與。舉例而言,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在KRAS
G12C抑制劑之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在AMG 510之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在MRTX849之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在JDQ443之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在MRTX1133之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在RAS(ON)抑制劑(例如KRAS(ON)抑制劑)之前、之後及/或同時投與。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可在附錄A-1、B-1、及C-1中之任一者中所揭示之RAS(ON)抑制劑或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)之前、之後及/或同時投與。若雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與一或多種其他治療劑同時投與,則此類投與可同時進行(例如作為單一組合物)或可經由兩種或更多種各別組合物,視情況經由相同或不同投與模式(例如局部、全身性、經口、靜脈內等)。
在某些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑作為單一療法投與個體以便治療與RAS基因中之突變有關的癌症。RAS基因突變可為KRAS、NRAS或HRAS突變。致癌RAS突變,諸如KRAS突變,使RAS平衡轉向GTP結合的「開啟」狀態,驅動信號傳導至RAS效應子及致癌基因成癮。如本文所用,「致癌基因成癮」係指一種現象,其中腫瘤細胞儘管其存在多種基因改變,但為了持久增殖及/或存活而對單一致癌路徑或蛋白質展現明顯的依賴性。在某些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑作為單一療法投與個體以便治療與KRAS
G12C突變有關的癌症。在某些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑作為單一療法投與個體以便治療與KRAS
G12A、KRAS
G12D、KRAS
G12S或KRAS
G12V突變或本文所述之任何其他RAS突變有關的癌症。
在某些實施例中,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與一或多種其他治療劑(例如RAS抑制劑)組合,作為組合療法投與個體,以便治療與RAS基因中之突變有關的癌症。突變可存在於KRAS、NRAS或HRAS中。突變可包含選自以下的一或多種KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變;KRAS
G12C突變;KRAS
G12D突變;KRAS
G12S突變;以及KRAS
G12V突變。組合療法可包含投與此項技術中已知或本文中所揭示的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及任何RAS抑制劑。舉例而言,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與此項技術中已知或本文中所揭示的KRAS(OFF)抑制劑組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與AMG 510組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與MRTX849組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與JDQ443組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與MRTX1133組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與RAS(ON)抑制劑(例如KRAS(ON)抑制劑)組合投與個體。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑可與附錄A-1、B-1及C-1中之任一者或多者中所揭示的RAS(ON)抑制劑或WO 2020132597之RAS抑制劑(其中WO 2020132597以全文引用的方式併入本文中)組合投與個體。mTOR抑制劑及視情況存在之RAS抑制劑亦可與一或多種其他治療劑組合投與。在一些實施例中,組合使用的其他治療劑係選自JNJ-74699157;LY3499446;MRTX1257;ARS 1620;以及其組合。MRTX1257及ARS 1620分別具有以下結構:
MRTX1257
;
ARS 1620
。
組合療法
本發明之方法可包括本發明化合物單獨或與一或多種其他療法(例如非藥物治療或治療劑)組合使用。在各種實施例中,「本發明化合物」係指本文所述的任一種化合物。舉例而言,在特定實施例中,術語「本發明化合物」包括本文中所揭示之多種RAS抑制劑中的任一者(例如KRAS抑制劑)及本文中所揭示之任一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑。在各種實施例中,經審慎考慮,提及本文所揭示之任一化合物(例如本文中所揭示之多種RAS抑制劑中的任一者(例如KRAS抑制劑)及本文中所揭示之任一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,以及本文所述之任何其他治療劑)亦可包括此類化合物之鹽,諸如醫藥學上可接受之鹽。一或多種其他療法(例如非藥物治療或治療劑)的劑量當單獨投與時,相對於標準劑量可減少。舉例而言,劑量可根據藥物組合及排列憑經驗確定或可藉由等輻射分析推斷(例如Black等人,
Neurology65:S3-S6 (2005))。
本發明化合物可在一或多種此類其他療法之前、之後或同時投與。當組合時,本發明化合物之劑量及一或多種其他療法(例如非藥物治療或治療劑)之劑量提供治療效果(例如協同或相加治療效果)。本發明化合物及其他療法(諸如抗癌劑)可一起(諸如在單一醫藥組合物中)或分開投與,且當分開投與時,此可同時或依序發生。此類依序投與在時間上可接近或遙遠。
在一些實施例中,其他療法為投與副作用限制劑(例如旨在減少治療副作用之發生或嚴重程度的藥劑)。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,本發明化合物亦可與治療噁心之治療劑組合使用。可用於治療噁心之藥劑之實例包括:屈大麻酚(dronabinol)、格拉司瓊(granisetron)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、昂丹司瓊(ondansetron)及丙氯拉嗪,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括非藥物療法(例如手術或輻射療法)。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括治療劑(例如作為抗血管生成劑、信號轉導抑制劑、抗增殖劑、糖酵解抑制劑或自體吞噬抑制劑的化合物或生物製劑)。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括非藥物療法(例如手術或輻射療法)及治療劑(例如作為抗血管生成劑、信號轉導抑制劑、抗增殖劑、糖酵解抑制劑或自體吞噬抑制劑的化合物或生物製劑)。在其他實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括兩種治療劑。在另其他實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括三種治療劑。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括四種或更多種治療劑。
在此組合療法章節中,關於所述藥劑之所有參考文獻均以引用之方式併入,無論是否明確按此陳述。
非藥物療法
非藥物療法之實例包括(但不限於)輻射療法、冷凍療法、體溫過高、手術(例如手術切除腫瘤組織)及T細胞授受性轉移(ACT)療法。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物可用作手術後之輔助療法。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物可用作手術前之新輔助療法。
輻射療法可用於抑制個體(例如哺乳動物(例如人類))中之異常細胞生長或治療過度增殖性病症,諸如癌症。投與輻射療法之技術在此項技術中已知。輻射療法可經由若干方法之一或方法組合投與,包括(但不限於)外射束療法、內輻射療法、植入物輻射、立體定向放射外科手術、全身性輻射療法、放射療法及持久性或臨時間質性近接療法。如本文所用,術語「近接療法」係指藉由在腫瘤或其他增生組織疾病位點處或附近插入體內之空間圍束放射性材料所遞送的放射療法。該術語意欲包括(不限於)暴露於放射性同位素(例如At-211、I-131、I-125、Y-90、Re-186、Re-188、Sm-153、Bi-212、P-32,及Lu之放射性同位素)。適用作本發明之細胞調理劑的輻射源包括固體與液體。作為非限制性實例,輻射源可為放射性核素,諸如作為固體源之I-125、I-131、Yb-169、Ir-192、作為固體源之I-125,或發射光子、β粒子、γ輻射或其他治療射線之其他放射性核素。放射性物質亦可為由任何放射性核素溶液(例如I-125或I-131溶液)製得之流體,或放射性流體可使用含有固體放射性核素(諸如Au-198、Y-90)之小粒子的適合流體漿液產生。此外,放射性核素可包含於凝膠或放射性微球中。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物可使異常細胞對用輻射處理更敏感,以用於殺死此類細胞或抑制其生長的目的。因此,本發明進一步關於一種使哺乳動物中之異常細胞對輻射治療敏感的方法,其包含向哺乳動物投與一定量之本發明化合物,該量有效地使異常細胞對輻射治療敏感。此方法中化合物之量可根據用於確定本文所述之此類化合物之有效量的方式來確定。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物可用作輻射療法後的輔助療法或用作輻射療法之前的新輔助療法。
在一些實施例中,非藥物療法為T細胞授受性轉移(ACT)療法。在一些實施例中,T細胞為活化T細胞。可對T細胞進行改造以表現嵌合抗原受體(CAR)。經CAR改造之T (CAR-T)細胞可藉由此項技術中已知之任何方法來產生。舉例而言,可藉由將編碼CAR之適合表現載體引入T細胞中來產生CAR-T細胞。在T細胞擴增及基因修飾之前,自個體獲得T細胞源。T細胞可獲自許多來源,包括周邊血液單核細胞、骨髓、淋巴結組織、臍帶血、胸腺組織、來自感染位點之組織、腹水、胸膜積液、脾組織及腫瘤。在本發明之某些實施例中,可使用此項技術中可獲得的多種T細胞株。在一些實施例中,T細胞為自體T細胞。不論在對T細胞進行基因修飾以表現所需蛋白質(例如CAR)之前或之後,可使用如例如以下文獻中所述之方法活化且總體上擴增T細胞:美國專利6,352,694;6,534,055;6,905,680;6,692,964;5,858,358;6,887,466;6,905,681;7,144,575;7,067,318;7,172,869;7,232,566;7,175,843;7,572,631;5,883,223;6,905,874;6,797,514;及6,867,041。
治療劑
治療劑可為用於治療癌症或與其相關之症狀的化合物。
舉例而言,治療劑可為類固醇。因此,在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括類固醇。適合的類固醇可包括(但不限於) 21-乙醯氧基妊烯醇酮(21-acetoxypregnenolone)、阿氯米松(alclometasone)、阿爾孕酮(algestone)、安西奈德(amcinonide)、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、氯潑尼松(chloroprednisone)、倍氯松(clobetasol)、氯可托龍(clocortolone)、氯潑尼醇(cloprednol)、皮質酮(corticosterone)、可的松(cortisone)、可的伐唑(cortivazol)、地夫可特(deflazacort)、地奈德(desonide)、去羥米松(desoximetasone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、二氟拉松(diflorasone)、二氟可龍(diflucortolone)、雙氟潑尼酯(difuprednate)、甘草次酸(enoxolone)、氟紮可特(fluazacort)、氟氯奈德(fiucloronide)、氟米松(flumethasone)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、丙酮化氟新龍(fluocinolone acetonide)、氟西奈德(fluocinonide)、氟可丁丁酯(fluocortin butyl)、氟可龍(fluocortolone)、氟米龍(fluorometholone)、乙酸氟培龍(fluperolone acetate)、乙酸氟潑尼定(fluprednidene acetate)、氟潑尼龍(fluprednisolone)、氟氫縮松(flurandrenolide)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、氟甲醯龍(formocortal)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、丙酸鹵貝他索(halobetasol propionate)、鹵米松(halometasone)、氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone)、氯替潑諾(loteprednol etabonate)、馬潑尼酮(mazipredone)、甲羥松(medrysone)、甲普賴松(meprednisone)、甲基普賴蘇穠(methylprednisolone)、糠酸莫美他松(mometasone furoate)、帕拉米松(paramethasone)、潑尼卡酯(prednicarbate)、普賴蘇穠(prednisolone)、25-二乙胺基乙酸普賴蘇穠、普賴蘇穠磷酸鈉、普賴松(prednisone)、潑尼松龍戊酸酯(prednival)、潑尼立定(prednylidene)、利美索龍(rimexolone)、替可的松(tixocortol)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、苯曲安奈德(triamcinolone benetonide)、己曲安奈德(triamcinolone hexacetonide)及其鹽或衍生物。
可與本發明化合物一起用於組合療法中之治療劑的其他實例包括以下專利中所述之化合物:美國專利第6,258,812號、第6,630,500號、第6,515,004號、第6,713,485號、第5,521,184號、第5,770,599號、第5,747,498號、第5,990,141號、第6,235,764號及第8,623,885號;及國際專利申請案WO01/37820、WO01/32651、WO02/68406、WO02/66470、WO02/55501、WO04/05279、WO04/07481、WO04/07458、WO04/09784、WO02/59110、WO99/45009、WO00/59509、WO99/61422、WO00/12089及WO00/02871。
治療劑可為用於治療癌症或其相關症狀的生物製劑(例如細胞介素(例如干擾素或介白素,諸如IL-2))。在一些實施例中,生物製劑為激勵標靶刺激抗癌反應或拮抗重要的癌症抗原之基於免疫球蛋白的生物製劑,例如單株抗體(例如人類化抗體、完全人類抗體、Fc融合蛋白或其功能片段)。亦包括抗體-藥物結合物。
治療劑可為T細胞檢查點抑制劑。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為抑制性抗體(例如單特異性抗體,諸如單株抗體)。抗體可為例如人類化或完全人類抗體。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為融合蛋白,例如Fc-受體融合蛋白。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為與檢查點蛋白質相互作用之藥劑,諸如抗體。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為與檢查點蛋白質之配位體相互作用的藥劑,諸如抗體。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為CTLA-4抑制劑(例如抑制性抗體或小分子抑制劑) (例如抗CTLA-4抗體或融合蛋白)。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為PD-1抑制劑或拮抗劑(例如抑制性抗體或小分子抑制劑)。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為PDL-1抑制劑或拮抗劑(例如抑制性抗體或小分子抑制劑)。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為PDL-2抑制劑或拮抗劑(例如抑制性抗體或Fc融合物或小分子抑制劑) (例如PDL-2/Ig融合蛋白)。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為B7-H3、B7-H4、BTLA、HVEM、TIM3、GAL9、LAG3、VISTA、KIR、2B4、CD160、CGEN-15049、CHK 1、CHK2、A2aR、B-7家族配位體或其組合之抑制劑或拮抗劑(例如抑制性抗體或小分子抑制劑)。在一些實施例中,檢查點抑制劑為派立珠單抗(pembrolizumab)、尼沃單抗(nivolumab)、PDR001 (NVS)、REGN2810 (Sanofi/Regeneron)、PD-L1抗體(諸如阿維魯單抗(avelumab)、德瓦魯單抗(durvalumab)、阿特珠單抗(atezolizumab)、皮立珠單抗(pidilizumab)、JNJ-63723283 (JNJ)、BGB-A317 (BeiGene & Celgene)),或Preusser, M.等人(2015) Nat. Rev. Neurol.中所揭示之檢查點抑制劑,包括(但不限於)伊匹單抗(ipilimumab)、曲美單抗(tremelimumab)、尼沃單抗、派立珠單抗、AMP224、AMP514/MEDI0680、BMS936559、MEDl4736、MPDL3280A、MSB0010718C、BMS986016、IMP321、利瑞路單抗(lirilumab)、IPH2101、1-7F9及KW-6002。
治療劑可為抗TIGIT抗體,諸如MBSA43、BMS-986207、MK-7684、COM902、AB154、MTIG7192A或OMP-313M32 (厄提吉利單抗(etigilimab))。
治療劑可為治療癌症或其相關症狀之藥劑(例如細胞毒性劑、非肽小分子,或適用於治療癌症或其相關症狀之其他化合物,統稱為「抗癌劑」)。抗癌劑可為例如化學治療劑或靶向治療劑。
抗癌劑包括有絲分裂抑制劑、嵌入抗生素、生長因子抑制劑、細胞週期抑制劑、酶、拓樸異構酶抑制劑、生物反應調節劑、烷基化劑、抗代謝物、葉酸類似物、嘧啶類似物、嘌呤類似物及相關抑制劑、長春花生物鹼、表鬼臼毒素(epipodopyyllotoxin)、抗生素、L-天冬醯胺酶、拓樸異構酶抑制劑、干擾素、鉑配位錯合物、經蒽二酮取代之脲、甲基肼衍生物、腎上腺皮質抑制劑、腎上腺皮質類固醇、孕激素、雌激素、抗雌激素、雄激素、抗雄激素及促性腺激素釋放激素類似物。其他抗癌劑包括甲醯四氫葉酸(LV)、伊里諾坎(irenotecan)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)及多西他賽(doxetaxel)。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括兩種或更多種抗癌劑。兩種或更多種抗癌劑可以混合物形式使用,以組合形式投與或分開投與。抗癌劑組合的適合給藥方案在此項技術中已知且描述於例如Saltz等人,
Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.18:233a (1999),及Douillard等人,
Lancet355(9209):1041-1047 (2000)。
抗癌劑之其他非限制性實例包括Gleevec® (甲磺酸伊馬替尼(Imatinib Mesylate));Kyprolis® (卡非佐米(carfilzomib));Velcade® (硼替佐米(bortezomib));Casodex (比卡魯胺(bicalutamide));Iressa® (吉非替尼(gefitinib));烷基化劑,諸如噻替派(thiotepa)及環磷醯胺(cyclosphosphamide);磺酸烷基酯,諸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)及哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶,諸如苯唑多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、米特多巴(meturedopa)及尤利多巴(uredopa);乙烯亞胺及甲基三聚氰胺,包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三伸乙基蜜胺(triethylenemelamine)、三伸乙基磷醯胺(triethylenephosphoramide)、三伸乙基硫代磷醯胺(triethiylenethiophosphoramide)及三羥甲基蜜胺(trimethylolomelamine);乙醯精寧(acetogenins)(尤其是布拉他辛(bullatacin)及布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜樹鹼(包括合成類似物拓朴替康(topotecan));苔蘚蟲素(bryostatin);海洋抑素(callystatin);CC-1065 (包括其合成類似物阿多來新(adozelesin)、卡折來新(carzelesin)及比折來新(bizelesin));念珠藻素(cryptophycins)(特定言之,念珠藻素1及念珠藻素8);海兔毒素(dolastatin);倍癌黴素(duocarmycin)(包括合成類似物KW-2189及CB1-TM1);艾榴素(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉鹼(pancratistatin);沙考地汀A (sarcodictyin A);海綿抑素(spongistatin);氮芥,諸如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷醯胺(cholophosphamide)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、甲氮芥(mechlorethamine)、甲氮芥氧化物鹽酸鹽、美法侖(melphalan)、新恩比興(novembichin)、芬司特瑞(phenesterine)、潑尼氮芥(prednimustine)、曲洛磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard);亞硝基脲,諸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine),及雷莫司汀(ranimustine);抗生素,諸如烯二炔抗生素(例如卡奇黴素(calicheamicin),諸如卡奇黴素γll及卡奇黴素ωll (參見例如
Agnew, Chem. Intl. Ed Engl.33: 183-186 (1994));達內黴素(dynemicin),諸如達內黴素A;雙膦酸鹽(bisphosphonates),諸如氯屈膦酸鹽(clodronate);埃斯培拉黴素(esperamicin);新抑癌蛋白發色團及相關色蛋白烯二炔抗生素發色團、阿克拉黴素(aclacinomysins)、放線菌素(actinomycin)、安麯黴素(authramycin)、偶氮絲胺酸(azaserine)、博來黴素(bleomycins)、放線菌素C (cactinomycin)、卡奇黴素(calicheamicin)、卡拉比辛(carabicin)、洋紅黴素(caminomycin)、洋紅黴素(carminomycin)、嗜癌菌素(carzinophilin)、色黴素(chromomycins)、放線菌素d (dactinomycin)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-側氧基-L-正白胺酸、阿黴素(adriamycin)(小紅莓(doxorubicin))、N-嗎啉基-小紅莓、氰基-N-嗎啉基-小紅莓、2-吡咯啉基-小紅莓、去氧小紅莓、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、艾達黴素(idarubicin)、麻西羅黴素(marcellomycin)、絲裂黴素(mitomycins)(諸如絲裂黴素C)、黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、諾加黴素(nogalamycin)、橄欖黴素(olivomycins)、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、潑非黴素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤黴素(puromycin)、奎那黴素(quelamycin)、羅多比星(rodorubicin)、鏈黑菌素(streptonigrin)、鏈脲菌素(streptozocin)、殺結核菌素(tubercidin)、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、淨司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代謝物,諸如甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);葉酸類似物,諸如迪諾特寧(denopterin)、蝶羅呤(pteropterin)、曲美沙特(trimetrexate);嘌呤類似物,諸如氟達拉賓(fludarabine)、6-巰基嘌呤、噻咪嘌呤、硫鳥嘌呤;嘧啶類似物,諸如安西他濱(ancitabine)、氮胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮雜尿苷、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二去氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素,諸如卡普睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate)、環硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睪內酯(testolactone);抗腎上腺藥,諸如胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);葉酸補充劑,諸如亞葉酸(frolinic acid);乙醯葡醛酯(aceglatone);醛磷醯胺糖苷(aldophosphamide glycoside);胺基乙醯丙酸;恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);貝斯布西(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);艾達曲克(edatraxate);得弗伐胺(defofamine);地美可辛(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);依氟鳥胺酸(elfomithine);依利醋銨(elliptinium acetate);埃坡黴素(epothilone),諸如埃坡黴素B;依託格魯(etoglucid);硝酸鎵;羥脲;磨菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼達明(lonidamine);類美登素,諸如美登素(maytansine)及安絲菌素(ansamitocins);丙脒腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌達醇(mopidamol);二胺硝吖啶(nitracrine);噴司他汀(pentostatin);凡那明(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基醯肼;丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);PSK®多醣複合物(JHS Natural Products, Eugene, OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根瘤菌素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);螺旋鍺(spirogermanium);細交鏈孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亞胺醌(triaziquone);2,2',2''-三氯三乙胺;單端孢黴烯(trichothecenes),諸如T-2毒素、黏液黴素A (verracurin A)、桿孢菌素A (roridin A)及胺癸叮(anguidine);胺甲酸酯;長春地辛(vindesine);達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露醇氮芥(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);甲托辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(arabinoside)(「Ara-C」);環磷醯胺;噻替派(thiotepa);類紫杉醇,例如Taxol® (紫杉醇)、Abraxane® (不含十六醇聚氧乙烯醚、白蛋白工程化之紫杉醇奈米粒子調配物)及Taxotere® (多西他賽(doxetaxel));苯丁酸氮芥(chloranbucil);他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)(Nolvadex™);拉洛昔芬(raloxifene);抑制芳香酶的4(5)-咪唑;4-羥基他莫昔芬;曲沃昔芬(trioxifene);雷洛昔芬(keoxifene);LY 117018;奧那司酮(onapristone);托瑞米芬(toremifene)(Fareston®);氟他胺(flutamide)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙立德(leuprolide)、戈舍瑞林()goserelin;苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil);Gemzar®吉西他濱(gemcitabine);6-硫鳥嘌呤;巰基嘌呤;鉑配位錯合物,諸如順鉑(cisplatin)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)及卡鉑(carboplatin);長春鹼(vinblastine);鉑;依託泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);長春新鹼(vincristine);Navelbine® (長春瑞賓(vinorelbine));諾凡特龍(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);依達曲沙(edatrexate);柔紅黴素(daunomycin);胺基喋呤(aminopterin);伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate);伊立替康(irinotecan)(例如CPT-11);拓樸異構酶抑制劑RFS2000;二氟甲基鳥胺酸(difluoromethylornithine)(DMFO);類視黃素,諸如視黃酸;埃斯波黴素(esperamicins);卡培他濱(capecitabine)(例如Xeloda®);以及上述任一者的醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
抗癌劑之其他非限制性實例包括曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)(Herceptin®)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)(Avastin®)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)(Erbitux®)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)(Rituxan®)、Taxol®、Arimidex®、ABVD、勒樘鹼(avicine)、阿巴伏單抗(abagovomab)、吖啶甲醯胺(acridine carboxamide)、阿達木單抗(adecatumumab)、17-N-烯丙基胺基-17-去甲氧基格爾德黴素(demethoxygeldanamycin)、艾法雷啶(alpharadin)、阿昔迪布(alvocidib)、3-胺基吡啶-2-甲醛硫半卡巴腙(thiosemicarbazone)、胺萘非特(amonafide)、蒽二酮(anthracenedione)、抗CD22免疫毒素(immunotoxins)、抗腫瘤藥(例如細胞週期非特異性抗贅生性藥劑,及本文所述之其他抗腫瘤藥)、抗腫瘤發生草本植物、阿帕茲醌(apaziquone)、阿替莫德(atiprimod)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、貝洛替康(belotecan)、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)、BIBW 2992、比立考達(biricodar)、布洛利辛(brostallicin)、苔蘚蟲素(bryostatin)、丁硫胺酸磺醯亞胺(buthionine sulfoximine)、CBV (化學療法)、花萼海綿誘癌素(calyculin)、二氯乙酸、迪斯德莫來(discodermolide)、依沙黴素(elsamitrucin)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、艾瑞布林(eribulin)、依昔替康(exatecan)、依昔舒林(exisulind)、氟魯吉喏(ferruginol)、佛羅得辛(forodesine)、磷雌酚(fosfestrol)、ICE化學治療方案、IT-101、伊美克(imexon)、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、吲哚并咔唑(indolocarbazole)、伊洛福芬(irofulven)、拉尼喹達(laniquidar)、拉洛他賽(larotaxel)、來那度胺(lenalidomide)、胺甲硫蒽酮(lucanthone)、勒托替康(lurtotecan)、馬磷醯胺(mafosfamide)、米托唑胺(mitozolomide)、萘氧啶(nafoxidine)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、奧拉帕尼(olaparib)、奧他賽(ortataxel)、PAC-1、木瓜、匹蒽醌(pixantrone)、蛋白酶體抑制劑、蝴蝶黴素(rebeccamycin)、雷西莫特(resiquimod)、盧比替康(rubitecan)、SN-38、鹽孢菌醯胺A (salinosporamide A)、沙帕他濱(sapacitabine)、斯坦福V (Stanford V)、苦馬豆素(swainsonine)、他拉泊芬(talaporfin)、塔利奎達(tariquidar)、替加氟-尿嘧啶(tegafur-uracil)、特莫多(temodar)、替司他賽(tesetaxel)、四硝酸三鉑、參(2-氯乙基)胺、曲沙他濱(troxacitabine)、烏拉莫司汀(uramustine)、瓦迪美占(vadimezan)、長春氟寧(vinflunine)、ZD6126,及唑蘇達(zosuquidar)。
抗癌劑之其他非限制性實例包括天然產物,諸如長春花生物鹼(例如長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春新鹼(vincristine)及長春瑞賓(vinorelbine))、表鬼臼毒素(epidipodophyllotoxins)(例如依託泊苷(etoposide)及替尼泊苷(teniposide))、抗生素(例如放線菌素(放線菌素D)、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)及艾達黴素(idarubicin))、蒽環黴素(anthracyclines)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、博來黴素(bleomycins)、普卡黴素(plicamycin)(光神黴素(mithramycin))、絲裂黴素(mitomycin)、酶(例如L-天冬醯胺酶,其使L-天冬醯胺發生全身性代謝且消滅不具有合成其自身天冬醯胺之能力的細胞)、抗血小板藥劑;抗增殖/抗有絲分裂烷基化劑,諸如氮芥(例如甲氮芥(mechlorethamine)、環磷醯胺及類似物、美法侖(melphalan),及苯丁酸氮芥)、乙烯亞胺及甲基三聚氰胺(例如六甲基蜜胺及噻替派)、CDK抑制劑(例如CDK4/6抑制劑,諸如阿貝西尼(abemaciclib)、瑞博西尼(ribociclib)、帕博西尼(palbociclib);塞利希布(seliciclib)、UCN-01、P1446A-05、PD-0332991、地納利布(dinaciclib)、P27-00、AT-7519、RGB286638,及SCH727965)、磺酸烷基酯(例如白消安(busulfan))、亞硝基脲(例如卡莫司汀(carmustine)(BCNU)及類似物,及鏈脲菌素(streptozocin))、三氮烯-達卡巴嗪(trazenes-dacarbazinine)(DTIC);抗增殖/抗有絲分裂抗代謝物,諸如葉酸類似物、嘧啶類似物(例如氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil)、氟尿苷(floxuridine),及阿糖胞苷(cytarabine))、嘌呤類似物及相關抑制劑(例如巰基嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)、噴司他汀(pentostatin),及2-氯去氧腺苷)、芳香酶抑制劑(例如阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、依西美坦(exemestane),及來曲唑(letrozole)),及鉑配位錯合物(例如順鉑及卡鉑)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、羥脲、米托坦(mitotane)、胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、組蛋白去乙醯基酶(HDAC)抑制劑(例如曲古黴素(trichostatin)、丁酸鈉、艾普丹(apicidan)、辛二醯基苯胺異羥肟酸、伏林司他(vorinostat)、LBH 589、羅米地辛(romidepsin)、ACY-1215及帕諾司他(panobinostat))、KSP(Eg5)抑制劑(例如Array 520)、DNA結合劑(例如Zalypsis®);PI3K抑制劑,諸如PI3K δ抑制劑(例如GS-1101及TGR-1202)、PI3K δ及γ抑制劑(例如CAL-130)、考班昔布(copanlisib)、艾培昔布(alpelisib)及艾德昔布(idelalisib);多激酶抑制劑(例如TG02及索拉非尼(sorafenib))、激素(例如雌激素(estrogen))及激素促效劑,諸如黃體生成激素釋放激素(LHRH)促效劑(例如戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、亮丙立德(leuprolide)及曲普瑞林(triptorelin))、BAFF中和抗體(例如LY2127399)、IKK抑制劑、p38MAPK抑制劑、抗IL-6 (例如CNT0328)、端粒酶抑制劑(例如GRN 163L)、極光激酶(aurora kinase)抑制劑(例如MLN8237)、細胞表面單株抗體(例如抗CD38 (HUMAX-CD38)、抗CSl (例如埃羅妥珠單抗())、HSP90抑制劑(例如17 AAG及KOS 953)、P13K/Akt抑制劑(例如哌立福新(perifosine))、Akt抑制劑(例如GSK-2141795)、PKC抑制劑(例如恩紮妥林(enzastaurin))、FTI (例如Zarnestra™)、抗CD138 (例如BT062)、Torcl/2特異性激酶抑制劑(例如INK128)、ER/UPR靶向劑(例如MKC-3946)、cFMS抑制劑(例如ARRY-382)、JAK1/2抑制劑(例如CYT387)、PARP抑制劑(例如奧拉帕尼(olaparib)及維利帕尼(veliparib)(ABT-888)),及BCL-2拮抗劑。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑係選自甲氮芥、喜樹鹼、異環磷醯胺、他莫昔芬、拉洛昔芬、吉西他濱、Navelbine®、索拉非尼,或前述者之任何類似物或衍生變體。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為HER2抑制劑。HER2抑制劑之非限制性實例包括單株抗體,諸如曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)(Herceptin®)及帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab)(Perjeta®);小分子酪胺酸激酶抑制劑,諸如吉非替尼(gefitinib)(Iressa®)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®)、匹力替尼(pilitinib)、CP-654577、CP-724714、卡奈替尼(canertinib)(CI 1033)、HKI-272、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(GW-572016;Tykerb®)、PKI-166、AEE788、BMS-599626、HKI-357、BIBW 2992、ARRY-334543及JNJ-26483327。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為ALK抑制劑。ALK抑制劑之非限制性實例包括色瑞替尼(ceritinib)、TAE-684 (NVP-TAE694)、PF02341066 (克卓替尼(crizotinib)或1066)、艾樂替尼(alectinib);布加替尼(brigatinib);恩曲替尼(entrectinib);恩莎替尼(ensartinib) (X-396);勞拉替尼(lorlatinib);ASP3026;CEP-37440;4SC-203;TL-398;PLB1003;TSR-011;CT-707;TPX-0005及AP26113。ALK激酶抑制劑之其他實例描述於WO05016894之實例3-39中。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為受體酪胺酸激酶(RTK)/生長因子受體之下游成員之抑制劑(例如SHP2抑制劑(例如SHP099、TNO155、RMC-4550、RMC-4630、JAB-3068、JAB-3312、RLY-1971、ERAS-601或BBP-398)、SOS1抑制劑(例如BI-1701963、BI-3406)、Raf抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、ERK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、PTEN抑制劑,或AKT抑制劑。在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為JAB-3312。
在一些實施例中,可與本發明化合物組合之治療劑為MAP激酶(MAPK)路徑之抑制劑(或「MAPK抑制劑」)。MAPK抑制劑包括(但不限於) Cancers (Basel) 2015年9月; 7(3): 1758-1784中所描述之一或多種MAPK抑制劑。舉例而言,MAPK抑制劑可選自以下中之一或多者:曲美替尼(trametinib)、畢尼替尼(binimetinib)、司美替尼(selumetinib)、考比替尼(cobimetinib)、LErafAON (NeoPharm)、ISIS 5132;維羅非尼(vemurafenib)、匹瑪舍替(pimasertib)、TAK733、RO4987655 (CH4987655);CI-1040;PD-0325901;CH5126766;MAP855;AZD6244;瑞法替尼(refametinib) (RDEA 119/BAY 86-9766);GDC-0973/XL581;AZD8330 (ARRY-424704/ARRY-704);RO5126766 (Roche,描述於PLoS One. 2014年11月25日;9(11)中);及GSK1120212 (或JTP-74057,描述於Clin Cancer Res. 2011年3月1日;17(5):989-1000中)。MAPK抑制劑可為PLX8394、LXH254、GDC-5573或LY3009120。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為RAS-RAF-ERK或PI3K-AKT-TOR或PI3K-AKT信號傳導路徑之干擾劑或抑制劑。PI3K/AKT抑制劑可包括(但不限於) Cancers (Basel) 2015年9月; 7(3): 1758-1784中所述之一或多種PI3K/AKT抑制劑。舉例而言,PI3K/AKT抑制劑可選自以下中之一或多者:NVP-BEZ235;BGT226;XL765/SAR245409;SF1126;GDC-0980;PI-103;PF-04691502;PKI-587;GSK2126458。
在一些實施例中,抗癌劑為PD-1或PD-L1拮抗劑。
在一些實施例中,其他治療劑包括ALK抑制劑、HER2抑制劑、EGFR抑制劑、IGF-1R抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、PI3K抑制劑、AKT抑制劑、TOR抑制劑、MCL-1抑制劑、BCL-2抑制劑、SHP2抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑及免疫療法。在一些實施例中,治療劑可為泛RTK抑制劑,諸如阿法替尼(afatinib)。
IGF-1R抑制劑包括林斯替尼(linsitinib)或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
EGFR抑制劑包括(但不限於)小分子拮抗劑、抗體抑制劑,或特定反義核苷酸或siRNA。EGFR之適用抗體抑制劑包括西妥昔單抗(Erbitux®)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab) (Vectibix®)、紮魯姆單抗(zalutumumab)、尼妥珠單抗(nimotuzumab)及馬妥珠單抗(matuzumab)。基於抗體之其他EGFR抑制劑包括可部分或完全阻斷EGFR被其天然配位體活化的任何抗EGFR抗體或抗體片段。基於抗體之EGFR抑制劑的非限制性實例包括以下文獻中所述的彼等抑制劑:Modjtahedi等人, Br. J. Cancer 1993, 67:247-253; Teramoto等人, Cancer 1996, 77:639-645; Goldstein等人, Clin. Cancer Res. 1995, 1:1311-1318; Huang等人, 1999, Cancer Res. 15:59(8):1935-40; 及Yang等人, Cancer Res.1999, 59:1236-1243。EGFR抑制劑可為單株抗體Mab E7.6.3 (Yang,1999,同上),或Mab C225 (ATCC寄存編號HB-8508),或具有其結合特異性的抗體或抗體片段。
EGFR之小分子拮抗劑包括吉非替尼(gefitinib)(Iressa®)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®)及拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(TykerB®)。參見例如Yan等人, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics In Oncology Therapeutic Antibody Development, BioTechniques 2005, 39(4):565-8; 及Paez等人, EGFR Mutations In Lung Cancer Correlation With Clinical Response To Gefitinib Therapy, Science 2004, 304(5676):1497-500。在一些實施例中,EGFR抑制劑為奧希替尼(osimertinib)(Tagrisso®)。小分子EGFR抑制劑之其他非限制性實例包括以下專利公開案中所述之任一種EGFR抑制劑及此類EGFR抑制劑之所有醫藥學上可接受之鹽:EP 0520722;EP 0566226;WO96/33980;美國專利第5,747,498號;WO96/30347;EP 0787772;WO97/30034;WO97/30044;WO97/38994;WO97/49688;EP 837063;WO98/02434;WO97/38983;WO95/19774;WO95/19970;WO97/13771;WO98/02437;WO98/02438;WO97/32881;DE 19629652;WO98/33798;WO97/32880;WO97/32880;EP 682027;WO97/02266;WO97/27199;WO98/07726;WO97/34895;WO96/31510;WO98/14449;WO98/14450;WO98/14451;WO95/09847;WO97/19065;WO98/17662;美國專利第5,789,427號;美國專利第5,650,415號;美國專利第5,656,643號;WO99/35146;WO99/35132;WO99/07701;及WO92/20642。小分子EGFR抑制劑之其他非限制性實例包括Traxler等人, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 1998, 8(12):1599-1625中所述之任一種EGFR抑制劑。
MEK抑制劑包括(但不限於)匹瑪舍替(pimasertib)、司美替尼(selumetinib)、考比替尼(cobimetinib)(Cotellic®)、曲美替尼(trametinib)(Mekinist®)及畢尼替尼(binimetinib)(Mektovi®)。在一些實施例中,MEK抑制劑靶向MEK突變,該MEK突變為選自D67N、P124L、P124S及L177V之I類MEK1突變。在一些實施例中,MEK突變為選自ΔE51-Q58、ΔF53-Q58、E203K、L177M、C121S、F53L、K57E、Q56P及K57N之II類MEK1突變。
PI3K抑制劑包括(但不限於)渥曼青黴素(wortmannin);WO06/044453中所述的17-羥基渥曼青黴素類似物;4-[2-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-6-[[4-(甲基磺醯基)哌𠯤-1-基]甲基]噻吩[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-基]嗎啉(亦已知為皮克昔布(pictilisib)或GDC-0941,且描述於WO09/036082及WO09/055730中);2-甲基-2-[4-[3-甲基-2-側氧基-8-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氫咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-基]苯基]丙腈(亦已知為BEZ 235或NVP-BEZ 235,且描述於WO06/122806中);(S)-1-(4-((2-(2-胺基嘧啶-5-基)-7-甲基-4-嗎啉基噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-6-基)甲基)哌𠯤-1-基)-2-羥基丙-1-酮(描述於WO08/070740中);LY294002 (2-(4-嗎啉基)-8-苯基-4H-1-苯并哌喃-4-酮(獲自Axon Medchem);PI 103鹽酸鹽(3-[4-(4-嗎啉基吡啶并-[3',2':4,5]呋喃并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-基]苯酚鹽酸鹽(獲自Axon Medchem);PIK 75 (2-甲基-5-硝基-2-[(6-溴吡啶[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)亞甲基]-1-甲基肼-苯磺酸單鹽酸鹽)(獲自Axon Medchem);PIK 90 (N-(7,8-二甲氧基-2,3-二氫-咪唑并[1,2-c]喹唑啉-5-基)-菸鹼醯胺(獲自Axon Medchem);AS-252424 (5-[1-[5-(4-氟-2-羥基-苯基)-呋喃-2-基]-亞甲基-(Z)-基]-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(獲自Axon Medchem);TGX-221 (7-甲基-2-(4-嗎啉基)-9-[1-(苯基胺基)乙基]-4H-吡啶并-[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮(獲自Axon Medchem);XL-765;以及XL-147。其他PI3K抑制劑包括去甲氧基綠膠黴素(demethoxyviridin)、哌立福新(perifosine)、CAL101、PX-866、BEZ235、SF1126、INK1117、IPI-145、BKM120、XL147、XL765、Palomid 529、GSK1059615、ZSTK474、PWT33597、IC87114、TGI 00-115、CAL263、PI-103、GNE-477、CUDC-907及AEZS-136。
AKT抑制劑包括(但不限於) Akt-1-1 (抑制Aktl) (Barnett等人, Biochem. J. 2005, 385(Pt. 2): 399-408);Akt-1-1,2 (抑制Akl及2) (Barnett等人, Biochem. J. 2005, 385(Pt. 2): 399-408);API-59CJ-Ome (例如Jin等人, Br. J. Cancer 2004, 91:1808-12);1-H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶基化合物(例如WO 05/011700);吲哚-3-甲醇及其衍生物(例如美國專利第6,656,963號;Sarkar及Li J Nutr. 2004, 134(12增刊):3493S-3498S);哌立福新(例如干擾Akt膜定位;Dasmahapatra等人, Clin. Cancer Res. 2004, 10(15):5242-52);磷脂醯肌醇醚脂質類似物(例如Gills and Dennis Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2004, 13:787-97);及曲西立濱(triciribine) (TCN或API-2或NCI標識符:NSC 154020;Yang等人, Cancer Res. 2004, 64:4394-9)。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之BRAF抑制劑包括例如維羅非尼(vemurafenib)、達拉非尼(dabrafenib)及恩拉菲尼(encorafenib)。BRAF可包含3類BRAF突變。在一些實施例中,3類BRAF突變係選自以下人類BRAF中之一或多種胺基酸取代:D287H、P367R、V459L、G466V、G466E、G466A、S467L、G469E、N581S、N581I、D594N、D594G、D594A、D594H、F595L、G596D、G596R及A762E。
MCL-1抑制劑包括(但不限於) AMG-176、MIK665及S63845。骨髓細胞白血病-1 (MCL-1)蛋白為B細胞淋巴瘤-2 (BCL-2)蛋白質家族的關鍵抗細胞凋亡成員之一。MCL-1之過度表現已與腫瘤惡化以及抗性密切相關,不僅與傳統化學療法,而且與靶向治療劑(包括BCL-2抑制劑,諸如ABT-263)密切相關。
在一些實施例中,其他治療劑為SHP2抑制劑。SHP2為PTPN11基因編碼的非受體蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶,該磷酸酶促成多種細胞功能,包括增殖、分化、細胞週期維持及遷移。SHP2具有兩個N端Src同源2域(N-SH2及C-SH2)、催化域(PTP)及C端尾。兩個SH2域控制SHP2之亞細胞定位及功能調節。分子以非活性、自抑制構形存在,此構形被包括來自N-SH2與PTP域之殘基的結合網路穩定化。刺激,例如經由受體酪胺酸激酶(RTK)起作用之細胞介素或生長因子的刺激,引起催化位點暴露,使得SHP2發生酶促活化。
SHP2涉及經由RAS有絲分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、JAK-STAT或磷酸肌醇3-激酶-AKT路徑傳導信號。已在若干種人類發育疾病,諸如努南症候群(Noonan Syndrome)及李帕德症候群(Leopard Syndrome)以及人類癌症(諸如幼年型骨髓單核細胞性白血病、神經母細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、急性骨髓白血病及乳癌、肺癌及大腸癌)中鑑別出PTPN11基因突變且隨後在SHP2中鑑別出突變。一些此等突變使SHP2之自抑制構形失去穩定,且促進SHP2自活化或促進生長因子驅動的SHP2活化增強。因此,就開發用於治療各種疾病(包括癌症)之新穎療法而言,SHP2代表著一種高度吸引人的標靶。已顯示SHP2抑制劑(例如RMC-4550或SHP099)與RAS路徑抑制劑(例如MEK抑制劑)的組合在活體外抑制多種癌細胞株(例如胰臟癌、肺癌、卵巢癌及乳癌)增殖。因此,包括SHP2抑制劑與RAS路徑抑制劑的組合療法可為預防廣泛範圍之惡性疾病之腫瘤抗性的通用策略。
此項技術中已知之此類SHP2抑制劑的非限制性實例包括:Chen等人,
Mol Pharmacol. 2006,
70, 562; Sarver等人,
J. Med. Chem.2017, 62, 1793; Xie等人,
J. Med. Chem.2017, 60, 113734; 及Igbe等人,
Oncotarget, 2017, 8, 113734;以及申請案:WO 2021110796、WO 2021088945、WO 2021073439、WO 2021061706、WO 2021061515、WO 2021043077、WO 2021033153、WO 2021028362、WO 2021033153、WO 2021028362、WO 2021018287、WO 2020259679、WO 2020249079、WO 2020210384、WO 2020201991、WO 2020181283、WO 2020177653、WO 2020165734、WO 2020165733、WO 2020165732、WO 2020156243、WO 2020156242、WO 2020108590、WO 2020104635、WO 2020094104、WO 2020094018、WO 2020081848、WO 2020073949、WO 2020073945、WO 2020072656、WO 2020065453、WO 2020065452、WO 2020063760、WO 2020061103、WO 2020061101、WO 2020033828、WO 2020033286、WO 2020022323、WO 2019233810、WO 2019213318、WO 2019183367、WO 2019183364、WO 2019182960、WO 2019167000、WO 2019165073、WO 2019158019、WO 2019152454、WO 2019051469、WO 2019051084、WO 2018218133、WO 2018172984、WO 2018160731、WO 2018136265、WO 2018136264、WO 2018130928、WO 2018129402、WO 2018081091、WO 2018057884、WO 2018013597、WO 2017216706、WO 2017211303、WO 2017210134、WO 2017156397、WO 2017100279、WO 2017079723、WO 2017078499、WO 2016203406、WO 2016203405、WO 2016203404、WO 2016196591、WO 2016191328、WO 2015107495、WO 2015107494、WO 2015107493、WO 2014176488、WO 2014113584、US 20210085677、US 10988466、US 10858359、US 10934302及US 10954243,各文獻以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑在活性位點中結合。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為混合型不可逆抑制劑。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑結合異位位點,例如非共價異位抑制劑。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為共價SHP2抑制劑,諸如靶向位於磷酸酶活性位點外部之半胱胺酸殘基(C333)的抑制劑。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為可逆抑制劑。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為不可逆抑制劑。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為SHP099。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為TNO155。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為RMC-4550。在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為RMC-4630,其結構展示如下:
。
在一些實施例中,SHP2抑制劑為JAB-3068。
在一些實施例中,其他治療劑選自由以下組成之群:HER2抑制劑、SHP2抑制劑、CDK4/6抑制劑、SOS1抑制劑及PD-L1抑制劑。參見例如Hallin等人., Cancer Discovery, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290 (2019年10月28日)及Canon等人, Nature, 575:217 (2019)。
蛋白酶體抑制劑包括(但不限於)卡非佐米(carfilzomib)(Kyprolis®)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)(Velcade®)及奧普佐米(oprozomib)。
免疫療法包括(但不限於)單株抗體、免疫調節性醯亞胺(IMiD)、GITR促效劑、基因工程改造的T細胞(例如CAR-T細胞)、雙特異性抗體(例如BiTE)、及抗PD-1、抗PDL-1、抗CTLA4、抗LAGl及抗OX40藥劑)。
免疫調節劑(IMiD)為一類含有醯亞胺基之免疫調節藥物(調節免疫反應之藥物)。IMiD類別包括沙立度胺(thalidomide)及其類似物(來那度胺(lenalidomide)、泊利度胺(pomalidomide)及阿普司特(apremilast))。
例示性抗PD-1抗體及其使用方法描述於Goldberg等人, Blood 2007, 110(1):186-192; Thompson等人, Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13(6):1757-1761; 及WO06/121168 A1),以及描述於本文中別處。
GITR促效劑包括(但不限於) GITR融合蛋白及抗GITR抗體(例如二價抗GITR抗體),諸如美國專利第6,111,090號、美國專利第8,586,023號、WO2010/003118及WO2011/090754中所述之GITR融合蛋白;或例如以下文獻中所述的抗GITR抗體:美國專利第7,025,962號、EP 1947183、美國專利第7,812,135號、美國專利第8,388,967號、美國專利第8,591,886號、美國專利第7,618,632號、EP 1866339及WO2011/028683、WO2013/039954、WO05/007190、WO07/133822、WO05/055808、WO99/40196、WO01/03720、WO99/20758、WO06/083289、WO05/115451及WO2011/051726。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之治療劑之另一實例為抗血管生成劑。抗血管生成劑包括(但不限於)活體外以合成方式製備之化學組合物、抗體、抗原結合區、放射性核素及其組合及結合物。抗血管生成劑可為促效劑、拮抗劑、異位調節劑、毒素,或更一般而言,可用以抑制或刺激其標靶(例如受體或酶活化或抑制),且藉此促進細胞死亡或遏制細胞生長。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括抗血管生成劑。
抗血管生成劑可為MMP-2 (基質-金屬蛋白酶2)抑制劑、MMP-9 (基質-金屬蛋白酶9)抑制劑及COX-II (環加氧酶11)抑制劑。抗血管生成劑之非限制性實例包括雷帕黴素、坦西莫司(temsirolimus)(CCI-779)、依維莫司(everolimus)(RAD001)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)及貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)。適用COX-II抑制劑之實例包括阿萊昔布(alecoxib)、伐地昔布(valdecoxib)及羅非昔布(rofecoxib)。適用基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑的實例描述於WO96/33172、WO96/27583、WO98/07697、WO98/03516、WO98/34918、WO98/34915、WO98/33768、WO98/30566、WO90/05719、WO99/52910、WO99/52889、WO99/29667、WO99007675、EP0606046、EP0780386、EP1786785、EP1181017、EP0818442、EP1004578及US20090012085,以及美國專利第5,863,949號及第5,861,510號。較佳MMP-2及MMP-9抑制劑為具有極小或無抑制MMP-1之活性的彼等物。更佳為相對於其他基質金屬蛋白酶(亦即,MAP-1、MMP-3、MMP-4、MMP-5、MMP-6、MMP-7、MMP-8、MMP-10、MMP-11、MMP-12及MMP-13)選擇性抑制MMP-2及/或AMP-9之彼等抑制劑。MMP抑制劑之一些特定實例為AG-3340、RO 32-3555及RS 13-0830。
其他例示性抗血管生成劑包括KDR (激酶域受體)抑制劑(例如特異性結合至激酶域受體的抗體及抗原結合區)、抗VEGF劑(例如特異性結合VEGF的抗體或抗原結合區(例如貝伐單抗),或可溶性VEGF受體或其配位體結合區),諸如VEGF-TRAP™,及抗VEGF受體劑(例如特異性結合其的抗體或抗原結合區)、EGFR抑制劑(例如特異性結合其的抗體或抗原結合區),諸如Vectibix® (帕尼單抗(panitumumab))、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)(Tarceva®)、抗Angl及抗Ang2藥劑(例如特異性結合其或其受體(例如Tie2/Tek)的抗體或抗原結合區),及抗Tie2激酶抑制劑(例如特異性結合其的抗體或抗原結合區)。其他抗血管生成劑包括坎帕斯(Campath)、IL-8、B-FGF、Tek拮抗劑(US2003/0162712;US6,413,932)、抗TWEAK劑(例如特異性結合型抗體或抗原結合區,或可溶性TWEAK受體拮抗劑;參見US6,727,225)、拮抗整合素結合至其配位體的ADAM解聯整合素域(US 2002/0042368)、特異性結合型抗eph受體或抗蝶素抗體或抗原結合區(美國專利第5,981,245號;第5,728,813號;第5,969,110號;第6,596,852號;第6,232,447號;第6,057,124號;及其專利家族成員),及抗PDGF-BB拮抗劑(例如特異性結合型抗體或抗原結合區),以及特異性結合至PDGF-BB配位體的抗體或抗原結合區,及PDGFR激酶抑制劑(例如特異性結合其的抗體或抗原結合區)。其他抗血管生成劑包括:SD-7784 (Pfizer, USA);西侖吉肽(cilengitide)(Merck KGaA, 德國, EPO 0770622);派加替尼八鈉(pegaptanib octasodium)(Gilead Sciences, USA);艾普士他汀(Alphastatin)(BioActa, UK);M-PGA (Celgene, USA, US 5712291);伊洛馬司他(ilomastat)(Arriva, USA, US5892112);伊曼尼布(emaxanib)(Pfizer, USA, US 5792783);凡塔藍尼(vatalanib)(Novartis, 瑞士);2-甲氧雌二醇(EntreMed, USA);TLC ELL-12 (Elan, 愛爾蘭);阿奈可他乙酸鹽(Alcon, USA);α-D148 Mab (Amgen, USA);CEP-7055 (Cephalon, USA);抗Vn Mab (Crucell, 荷蘭)、DAC抗血管生成劑(ConjuChem, 加拿大);安吉西啶(Angiocidin)(InKine Pharmaceutical, USA);KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko, 日本);SU-0879 (Pfizer, USA);CGP-79787 (Novartis, 瑞士, EP 0970070);ARGENT technology (Ariad, USA);YIGSR-Stealth (Johnson & Johnson, USA);纖維蛋白原-E片段(BioActa, UK);血管生成抑制劑(Trigen, UK);TBC-1635 (Encysive Pharmaceuticals, USA);SC-236 (Pfizer, USA);ABT-567 (Abbott, USA);美他汀(Metastatin)(EntreMed, USA);馬斯平(maspin)(Sosei, 日本);2-甲氧基雌二醇(Oncology Sciences Corporation, USA);ER-68203-00 (IV AX, USA);必恩芬(Lane Labs, USA);Tz-93 (Tsumura, 日本);TAN-1120 (Takeda, 日本);FR-111142 (Fujisawa, 日本, JP 02233610);血小板因子4 (RepliGen, USA, EP 407122);血管內皮生長因子拮抗劑(Borean, 丹麥);貝伐單抗(pINN)(Genentech, USA);血管生成抑制劑(SUGEN, USA);XL 784 (Exelixis, USA);XL 647 (Exelixis, USA);第二代MAb α5β3整合素(Applied Molecular Evolution, USA及Medlmmune, USA);恩紮妥林鹽酸鹽(Lilly, USA);CEP 7055 (Cephalon, USA及Sanofi-Synthelabo, 法國);BC 1 (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, 意大利);rBPI 21及BPI衍生的抗血管生成劑(XOMA, USA);PI 88 (Progen, 澳大利亞);西侖吉肽(cilengitide)(德國Merck KGaA;德國Munich Technical University;Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA);AVE 8062 (Ajinomoto, 日本);AS 1404 (Cancer Research Laboratory, 紐西蘭);SG 292 (Telios, USA);內皮抑制素(Boston Childrens Hospital, USA);ATN 161 (Attenuon, USA);2-甲氧基雌二醇(Boston Childrens Hospital, USA);ZD 6474 (AstraZeneca, UK);ZD 6126 (Angiogene Pharmaceuticals, UK);PPI 2458 (Praecis, USA);AZD 9935 (AstraZeneca, UK);AZD 2171 (AstraZeneca, UK);凡塔藍尼(vatalanib)(pINN)(瑞士Novartis及德國Schering AG);組織因子路徑抑制劑(EntreMed, USA);派加替尼(pegaptanib)(Pinn)(Gilead Sciences, USA);束骨薑黃醇(xanthorrhizol)(南韓Yonsei University);基於基因的疫苗VEGF-2 (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA);SPV5.2 (Supratek, 加拿大);SDX 103 (University of California, San Diego, USA);PX 478 (ProlX, USA);美他汀(METASTATIN)(EntreMed, USA);肌鈣蛋白I (Harvard University, USA);SU 6668 (SUGEN, USA);OXI 4503 (OXiGENE, USA);o-胍(Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, USA);莫托帕明C (motuporamine C)(British Columbia University, 加拿大);CDP 791 (Celltech Group, UK);阿替莫德(atiprimod)(pINN)(GlaxoSmithKline, UK);E 7820 (Eisai, 日本);CYC 381 (Harvard University, USA);AE 941 (Aeterna, 加拿大);針對血管生成的疫苗(EntreMed, USA);尿激酶纖維蛋白溶酶原活化因子抑制劑(Dendreon, USA);奧穀法奈(oglufanide)(pINN)(Melmotte, USA);HIF-lalfa抑制劑(Xenova, UK);CEP 5214 (Cephalon, USA);BAY RES 2622 (Bayer, 德國);安吉西啶(Angiocidin)(InKine, USA);A6 (Angstrom, USA);KR 31372 (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 南韓);GW 2286 (GlaxoSmithKline, UK);EHT 0101 (ExonHit, 法國);CP 868596 (Pfizer, USA);CP 564959 (OSI, USA);CP 547632 (Pfizer, USA);786034 (GlaxoSmithKline, UK);KRN 633 (Kirin Brewery, 日本);眼內藥物遞送系統2-甲氧基雌二醇;安捷奈克(anginex)(荷蘭Maastricht University,及Minnesota University, USA);ABT 510 (Abbott, USA);AAL 993 (Novartis, 瑞士);VEGI (ProteomTech, USA);腫瘤壞死因子-α抑制劑;SU 11248 (Pfizer, USA及SUGEN USA);ABT 518 (Abbott, USA);YH16 (中國烟臺榮昌);S-3APG (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA及EntreMed, USA);MAb, KDR (ImClone Systems, USA);MAb, α5β (Protein Design, USA);KDR激酶抑制劑(Celltech Group,UK,及Johnson & Johnson, USA);GFB 116 (South Florida University, USA及Yale University, USA);CS 706 (Sankyo, 日本);康柏斯達汀(combretastatin) A4前藥(Arizona State University, USA);軟骨素酶AC (IBEX, 加拿大);BAY RES 2690 (Bayer, 德國);AGM 1470 (Harvard University, USA;Takeda, 日本;及TAP, USA);AG 13925 (Agouron, USA);四硫鉬酸鹽(University of Michigan, USA);GCS 100 (Wayne State University, USA);CV 247 (Ivy Medical, UK);CKD 732 (Chong Kun Dang, 南韓);伊索拉定(irsogladine)(Nippon Shinyaku, 日本);RG 13577 (Aventis, 法國);WX 360 (Wilex, 德國);角鯊胺(Genaera, USA);RPI 4610 (Sirna, USA);肝素酶抑制劑(InSight, 以色列);KL 3106 (Kolon, 南韓);和厚樸酚(Honokiol)(Emory University, USA);ZK CDK (Schering AG, 德國);ZK Angio (Schering AG, 德國);ZK 229561 (瑞士Novartis,及德國Schering AG);XMP 300 (XOMA, USA);VGA 1102 (Taisho, 日本);VE-鈣黏素-2拮抗劑(ImClone Systems, USA);血管新生抑制素(美國國立衛生研究院);Flk-1 (ImClone Systems, USA);TZ 93 (Tsumura, 日本);腫瘤抑制素(Beth Israel Hospital, USA);截斷的可溶性FLT 1 (血管內皮生長因子受體1)(Merck & Co, USA);Tie-2配位體(Regeneron, USA);以及凝血栓蛋白1抑制劑(Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation, USA)。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之治療劑的其他實例包括特異性結合生長因子且抑制其活性的藥劑(例如抗體、抗原結合區或可溶性受體),諸如肝細胞生長因子(HGF,亦稱為分散因子)之拮抗劑,及特異性結合其受體c-Met的抗體或抗原結合區。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之治療劑的另一實例為自體吞噬抑制劑。自體吞噬抑制劑包括(但不限於)氯奎(chloroquine)、3-甲基腺嘌呤、羥氯奎(hydroxychloroquine)(Plaquenil™)、巴弗洛黴素A1 (bafilomycin A1)、5-胺基-4-咪唑甲醯胺核苷(AICAR)、岡田井酸(okadaic acid)、抑制2A型或1型蛋白質磷酸酶之自體吞噬抑制性藻類毒素、cAMP類似物,及提高cAMP含量的藥物,諸如腺苷、LY204002、N6-巰基嘌呤核苷及長春鹼。另外,亦可使用抑制蛋白質表現的反義或siRNA,包括(但不限於) ATG5 (其涉及自體吞噬)。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括自體吞噬抑制劑。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之治療劑的另一實例為抗贅生劑。在一些實施例中,一或多種其他療法包括抗贅生劑。抗贅生劑之非限制性實例包括醋孟南(acemannan)、阿克拉黴素(aclarubicin)、阿地介白素(aldesleukin)、阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab)、亞利崔托寧(alitretinoin)、六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、阿米福汀(amifostine)、胺基乙醯丙酸、胺柔比星(amrubicin)、安吖啶(amsacrine)、阿那格雷(anagrelide)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、安瑟(ancer)、安塞司亭(ancestim)、阿格拉賓(arglabin)、三氧化二砷、BAM-002 (Novelos)、貝沙羅汀(bexarotene)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、溴尿苷(broxuridine)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、西莫介白素(celmoleukin)、西曲瑞克(cetrorelix)、克拉屈濱(cladribine)、克氯黴唑(clotrimazole)、阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸鹽、DA3030 (Dong-A)、達利珠單抗(daclizumab)、地尼介白素迪夫托斯(denileukin diftitox)、德舍瑞林(deslorelin)、右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)、地拉齊普(dilazep)、多西他賽(docetaxel)、多可沙諾(docosanol)、度骨化醇(doxercalciferol)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、小紅莓(doxorubicin)、溴麥角環肽(bromocriptine)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil)、HIT雙氯芬酸(HIT diclofenac)、干擾素α、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、小紅莓、維甲酸(tretinoin)、依地福新(edelfosine)、依決洛單抗(edrecolomab)、依氟鳥胺酸(eflornithine)、乙嘧替氟(emitefur)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依泊汀β (epoetin beta)、磷酸依託泊苷(etoposide phosphate)、依西美坦(exemestane)、依昔舒林(exisulind)、法屈唑(fadrozole)、非格司亭(filgrastim)、非那雄安(finasteride)、磷酸氟達拉濱(fludarabine phosphate)、福美司坦(formestane)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、硝酸鎵、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab zogamicin)、吉美拉西/奧特拉西/替加氟組合(gimeracil/oteracil/tegafur combination)、吉可平(glycopine)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin)、庚鉑(heptaplatin)、人絨毛膜促性腺激素、人類胎兒α胎蛋白、伊班膦酸(ibandronic acid)、艾達黴素(idarubicin)、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、干擾素α、干擾素α、天然干擾素α-2、干擾素α-2a、干擾素α-2b、干擾素α-Nl、干擾素α-n3、干擾素αcon-1、干擾素α、天然干擾素β、干擾素β-la、干擾素β-lb、干擾素γ、天然干擾素γ-la、干擾素γ-lb、介白素-1β、碘苄胍(iobenguane)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、伊索拉定(irsogladine)、蘭瑞肽(lanreotide)、LC9018 (Yakult)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、來格司亭(lenograstim)、磨菇多糖硫酸鹽、來曲唑(letrozole)、白血球α干擾素、亮丙瑞林(leuprorelin)、左旋咪唑 + 氟尿嘧啶(levamisole + fluorouracil)、利阿唑(liarozole)、洛鉑(lobaplatin)、氯尼達明(lonidamine)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、馬索羅酚(masoprocol)、美拉胂醇(melarsoprol)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、米非司酮(mifepristone)、米替福新(miltefosine)、米立司亭(mirimostim)、錯配雙股RNA、丙脒腙(mitoguazone)、二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、莫拉司亭(molgramostim)、那法瑞林(nafarelin)、納洛酮 + 戊唑星(naloxone + pentazocine)、那托司亭(nartograstim)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、諾斯卡品(noscapine)、新穎紅血球生成刺激蛋白、NSC 631570奧曲肽(octreotide)、奧普瑞白介素(oprelvekin)、奧沙特隆(osaterone)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、紫杉醇、帕米膦酸(pamidronic acid)、培門冬酶(pegaspargase)、聚乙二醇干擾素α-2b、戊聚糖聚硫酸鈉、噴司他汀(pentostatin)、畢西巴尼(picibanil)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、兔抗胸腺細胞多株抗體、聚乙二醇干擾素α-2a、卟吩姆鈉(porfimer sodium)、拉洛昔芬(raloxifene)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、瑞斯波迪(rasburiembodiment)、錸Re 186依替膦酸錸、RII瑞汀醯胺(retinamide)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、羅莫肽(romurtide)、來昔決南釤(153SM)、沙格司亭(sargramostim)、西佐喃(sizofiran)、索布佐生(sobuzoxane)、索納明(sonermin)、氯化鍶-89、蘇拉明(suramin)、他索納明(tasonermin)、他紮羅汀(tazarotene)、替加氟(tegafur)、替莫泊芬(temoporfin)、替莫唑胺(替莫唑胺)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、四氯十氧化物、沙立度胺(thalidomide)、胸腺法新(thymalfasin)、促甲狀腺激素α、拓朴替康(topotecan)、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)-碘131、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、曲奧舒凡(treosulfan)、維甲酸、曲洛司坦(trilostane)、曲美沙特(trimetrexate)、曲普瑞林(triptorelin)、天然腫瘤壞死因子α、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、膀胱癌疫苗、丸山疫苗(Maruyama vaccine)、黑色素瘤溶胞物疫苗、伐柔比星(valrubicin)、維替泊芬(verteporfin)、長春瑞賓(vinorelbine)、維力金(virulizin)、淨司他丁司他美(zinostatin stimalamer)、或唑來膦酸(zoledronic acid);阿巴瑞克(abarelix);AE 941 (Aeterna)、胺莫司汀(ambamustine)、反義寡核苷酸、bcl-2 (Genta)、APC 8015 (Dendreon)、地西他濱(decitabine)、右旋胺魯米特(dexaminoglutethimide)、地吖醌(diaziquone)、EL 532 (Elan)、EM 800(Endorecherche)、恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil)、依他噠唑(etanidazole)、非瑞替尼(fenretinide)、非格司亭(filgrastim) SD01 (Amgen)、氟維司群(fulvestrant)、加洛他濱(galocitabine)、胃泌素17免疫原、HLA-B7基因療法(Vical)、顆粒球巨噬細胞群落刺激因子、組織胺二鹽酸鹽、替坦異貝莫單抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、伊洛司他(ilomastat)、IM862 (Cytran)、介白素-2、普洛昔芬(iproxifene)、LDI200 (Milkhaus)、來立司亭(leridistim)、林妥珠單抗(lintuzumab)、CA 125 MAb (Biomira)、癌症MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development)、HER-2及Fc MAb (Medarex)、個體基因型105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology)、個體基因型CEA MAb (Trilex)、LYM-1-碘131 MAb (Techni純系)、多形性上皮黏蛋白-釔90 MAb (Antisoma)、馬立司他(marimastat)、美諾立爾(menogaril)、米妥莫單抗(mitumomab)、莫特沙芬釓(motexafin gadolinium)、MX 6 (Galderma)、奈拉濱(nelarabine)、諾拉曲特(nolatrexed)、P 30蛋白、派格索曼(pegvisomant)、培美曲塞(pemetrexed)、泊非黴素(porfiromycin)、普啉司他(prinomastat)、RL 0903 (Shire)、盧比替康(rubitecan)、沙鉑(satraplatin)、苯基乙酸鈉、膦門冬酸(sparfosic acid)、SRL 172 (SR Pharma)、SU 5416 (SUGEN)、TA077 (Tanabe)、四硫鉬酸鹽、噻立拉汀(thaliblastine)、血小板生成素、乙基艾迪普林錫(tin ethyl etiopurpurin)、替拉紮明(tirapazamine)、癌症疫苗(Biomira)、黑色素瘤疫苗(New York University)、黑色素瘤疫苗(Sloan Kettering Institute)、黑色素瘤溶解腫瘤疫苗(Medical College)、病毒黑色素瘤細胞溶胞物疫苗(Royal Newcastle Hospital),或伐司撲達(valspodar)。
可與本發明化合物組合使用之治療劑的其他實例包括伊匹單抗(ipilimumab)(Yervoy®);曲美單抗(tremelimumab);加利昔單抗(galiximab);尼沃單抗(nivolumab),亦已知為BMS-936558 (Opdivo®);派立珠單抗(pembrolizumab)(Keytruda®);阿維魯單抗(avelumab)(Bavencio®);AMP224;BMS-936559;MPDL3280A,亦已知為RG7446;MEDI-570;AMG557;MGA271;IMP321;BMS-663513;PF-05082566;CDX-1127;抗OX40 (Providence Health Services);huMAbOX40L;阿塞西普(atacicept);CP-870893;魯卡木單抗(lucatumumab);達西珠單抗(dacetuzumab);莫羅單抗(muromonab)-CD3;伊匹魯單抗(ipilumumab);MEDI4736 (Imfinzi®);MSB0010718C;AMP 224;阿達木單抗(adalimumab)(Humira®);曲妥珠單抗-美坦新偶聯物(ado-trastuzumab emtansine)(Kadcyla®);阿柏西普(aflibercept)(Eylea®);阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab)(Campath®);巴利昔單抗(basiliximab)(Simulect®);貝利單抗(belimumab)(Benlysta®);巴利昔單抗(basiliximab)(Simulect®);貝利單抗(belimumab)(Benlysta®);本妥昔單抗維多汀(brentuximab vedotin)(Adcetris®);加拿金單抗(canakinumab)(Ilaris®);聚乙二醇化賽妥珠單抗(certolizumab pegol)(Cimzia®);達利珠單抗(daclizumab)(Zenapax®);達土木單抗(daratumumab)(Darzalex®);地諾單抗(denosumab)(Prolia®);艾庫組單抗(eculizumab)(Soliris®);艾法珠單抗(efalizumab)(Raptiva®);吉妥珠單抗奧佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(Mylotarg®);戈利木單抗(golimumab)(Simponi®);替坦異貝莫單抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)(Zevalin®);英利昔單抗(infliximab)(Remicade®);莫維珠單抗(motavizumab)(Numax®);那他珠單抗(natalizumab)(Tysabri®);奧必珠單抗(obinutuzumab)(Gazyva®);奧伐木單抗(ofatumumab)(Arzerra®);奧馬珠單抗(omalizumab)(Xolair®);帕利珠單抗(palivizumab)(Synagis®);帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab)(Perjeta®);帕妥珠單抗(Perjeta®);蘭尼單抗(ranibizumab)(Lucentis®);蘭希單抗(raxibacumab)(Abthrax®);托西利單抗(tocilizumab)(Actemra®);托西莫單抗(tositumomab);托西莫單抗-i-131;托西莫單抗及托西莫單抗-i-131 (Bexxar®);優特金單抗(ustekinumab)(Stelara®);AMG 102;AMG 386;AMG 479;AMG 655;AMG 706;AMG 745;以及AMG 951。
視治療之病狀而定,本文所述之化合物可與本文所揭示之藥劑或其他適合藥劑組合使用。因此,在一些實施例中,本發明之一或多種化合物將與如本文所述之其他療法共投與。當用於組合療法中時,本文所述之化合物可與第二藥劑同時或分開投與。此組合投藥可包括兩種藥劑以相同劑型同時投與、以各別劑型同時投與,及分開投與。亦即,本文所述之化合物及本文所述之任一種治療劑可一起調配成相同劑型且同時投與。或者,本發明化合物與本文所述之任一種療法可同時投與,其中兩種藥劑存在於各別調配物中。在另一替代方案中,可投與本發明化合物,且隨後投與本文所述之任一種療法,或反之亦然。在各別投藥方案的一些實施例中,本發明化合物與本文所述之任一種療法相隔幾分鐘投與,或相隔幾小時或相隔幾天投與。
在本文所述之任一方法的一些實施例中,第一療法(例如本發明化合物)及一或多種其他療法同時或依序投與(以任一次序)。可在即將進行一或多種其他療法之前或緊接其後、在一或多種其他療法之前或之後的至多1小時、至多2小時、至多3小時、至多4小時、至多5小時、至多6小時、至多7小時、至多8小時、至多9小時、至多10小時、至多11小時、至多12小時、至多13小時、14小時、至多16小時、至多17小時、至多18小時、至多19小時 至多20小時、至多21小時、至多22小時、至多23小時、至多24小時,或至多1-7、1-14、1-21或1-30天投與第一治療劑。
本發明的特徵亦在於套組,其包括:(a)包括本文所述之藥劑(例如本發明化合物)之醫藥組合物,及(b)說明執行本文所述之任一種方法的藥品說明書。在一些實施例中,套組包括:(a)包括本文所述之藥劑(例如本發明化合物)的醫藥組合物、(b)一或多種其他療法(例如非藥物療法或治療劑),及(c)說明執行本文所述之任一種方法的藥品說明書。
由於本發明之一個態樣涵蓋用可分開投與之醫藥活性化合物之組合治療疾病或其相關症狀,故本發明進一步關於將各別醫藥組合物組合於套組形式中。套組可包含兩種各別醫藥組合物:本發明化合物及一或多種其他療法。套組可包含用於容納各別組合物之容器,諸如分隔瓶或分隔箔片包裝。容器之其他實例包括注射器、盒子及袋子。在一些實施例中,套組可包含各別組分的使用說明。當各別組分較佳以不同劑型(例如,經口及非經腸)投與時,以不同給藥時間間隔投與時或當指定的健康照護專業人員需要滴定組合之個別組分時,套組形式尤其有利。
如一般技術者將瞭解,在各種實施例中,本文中所揭示的所有治療劑,亦即,特異性雙立體型mTOR抑制劑(RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑、KRAS
G12C特異性抑制劑、KRAS(ON)抑制劑)、TKI抑制劑、MEK抑制劑、ALK抑制劑、SHP2抑制劑、EGFR抑制劑等,均可用於本文所揭示之總體上需要此類抑制劑的任一或多個實施例中。因此,舉例而言,包含總體上用例如「雙立體型mTOR抑制劑」治療或總體上用「RAS抑制劑」治療的實施例可包含分別用本文中所揭示(除非上下文另有要求)的任一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑或RAS抑制劑治療。
所揭示之組合物及化合物(例如雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)及/或其他治療劑的投與可經由治療劑的任何投藥模式完成。此等模式包括全身性或局部投與,諸如經口、鼻、非經腸、經皮、皮下、陰道、頰內、直腸或體表投與模式。
視預期投藥模式而定,所揭示化合物或醫藥組合物可呈固體、半固體或液體劑型,諸如可注射劑、錠劑、栓劑、丸劑、定時釋放膠囊、酏劑、酊劑、乳液、糖漿、散劑、液體、懸浮液或其類似形式,有時呈單位劑量形式且與習知醫藥實務一致。同樣,其亦可以靜脈內(推注與輸注)、腹膜內、皮下或肌肉內形式投與,且所有使用形式均為熟習醫藥技術者所熟知。適於遞送雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)(單獨或與例如根據本發明的另一治療劑組合)的醫藥組合物及其製備方法將為熟習此項技術者顯而易見。此類組合物及其製備方法可見於例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 第19版(Mack Publishing Company, 1995),該文獻全文併入本文中。
說明性醫藥組合物為錠劑及明膠膠囊,其包含雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與根據本發明之另一治療劑的組合及醫藥學上可接受之載劑,諸如a)稀釋劑,例如純化水、三酸甘油酯油(諸如氫化或部分氫化植物油或其混合物、玉米油、橄欖油、葵花籽油、紅花油、魚油,諸如EPA或DHA,或其酯或三酸甘油酯或其混合物)、ω-3脂肪酸或其衍生物、乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纖維素、鈉、糖精、葡萄糖及/或甘胺酸;b)潤滑劑,例如二氧化矽、滑石、硬脂酸、其鎂或鈣鹽、油酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、苯甲酸鈉、乙酸鈉、氯化鈉及/或聚乙二醇;對於錠劑而言,視需要亦存在;c)黏合劑,例如矽酸鎂鋁、澱粉糊、明膠、黃蓍膠、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、碳酸鎂、天然糖類(諸如葡萄糖或β-乳糖)、玉米甜味劑、天然及合成膠(諸如阿拉伯膠、黃蓍膠或褐藻酸鈉)、蠟及/或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;d)崩解劑,例如澱粉、瓊脂、甲基纖維素、膨潤土、三仙膠、褐藻酸或其鈉鹽,或發泡混合物;e)吸收劑、著色劑、調味劑及甜味劑;f)乳化劑或分散劑,諸如Tween 80、拉巴索(Labrasol)、HPMC、DOSS、己醯基909、拉巴法克(labrafac)、拉巴菲(labrafil)、培色奧(peceol)、川苦妥(transcutol)、卡普MCM (capmul MCM)、卡普PG-12、卡普特355 (captex 355)、節魯斯瑞(gelucire)、維生素E TGPS或其他可接受的乳化劑;及/或g)化合物吸收增強劑,諸如環糊精、羥丙基環糊精、PEG400、PEG200。
液體,尤其可注射組合物,可例如藉由溶解、分散等製備。舉例而言,將雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與根據本發明之另一種治療劑的組合溶解於醫藥學上可接受之溶劑中或與醫藥學上可接受之溶劑混合,諸如水、鹽水、右旋糖水溶液、甘油、乙醇及其類似物,以藉此形成可注射等張溶液或懸浮液。諸如白蛋白、乳糜微粒或血清蛋白等蛋白質可用於增溶SHP2抑制劑(單獨或與根據本發明之另一種治療劑的組合)。
雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與另一種治療劑的組合亦可單獨或與根據本發明的另一種治療劑組合調配為栓劑,其可使用聚伸烷基二醇(諸如丙二醇)作為載劑、由脂肪乳液或懸浮液製備。
雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與另一種治療劑的組合亦可以脂質體遞送系統(諸如單層小囊泡、單層大囊泡及多層囊泡)形式、單獨或與根據本發明之另一種治療劑組合投與。脂質體可由含有膽固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂醯膽鹼的多種磷脂形成。在一些實施例中,脂質組分膜用藥物水溶液水合,以形成囊封藥物之脂質層,如例如美國專利第5,262,564號中所述,其內容以引用之方式併入本文中。
雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與另一種治療劑抑制劑的組合亦可藉由使用單株抗體作為個別載劑與所揭示之化合物偶聯來遞送。雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與另一種治療劑抑制劑的組合亦可與作為靶向藥物載劑的可溶性聚合物偶聯。此類聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、哌喃共聚物、聚羥丙基甲基丙烯醯胺-苯酚、聚羥乙基天冬醯胺苯酚,或經棕櫚醯基殘基取代之聚乙烯氧聚離胺酸。另外,可使雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)與適用於達成藥物可控釋放的一類生物可降解聚合物偶聯,例如聚乳酸、聚ε己內酯、聚羥基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚縮醛、聚二氫哌喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯,及交聯或兩親性水凝膠嵌段共聚物。在一些實施例中,所揭示之化合物不共價結合至聚合物,例如聚羧酸聚合物或聚丙烯酸酯。
非經腸可注射投藥一般用於皮下、肌肉內或靜脈內注射及輸注。可注射劑可製備成習知形式,液體溶液或懸浮液形式,或適於溶於液體之後注射之固體形式。
本發明之另一態樣係關於一種醫藥組合物,其包含雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及/或RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)單獨或彼此的組合及/或與根據本發明之另一種治療劑的組合及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。醫藥學上可接受之載劑可進一步包含賦形劑、稀釋劑或界面活性劑。
因此,本發明提供包含一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑、用於本文中所揭示之方法中的組合物(例如醫藥組合物)。此類組合物可包含雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及例如一或多種載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。本發明提供包含一或多種RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)、用於本文所揭示之方法中的組合物(例如醫藥組合物)。此類組合物可包含RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)及例如一或多種載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。本發明提供包含一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及一或多種RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑)、用於本文所揭示之方法中的組合物(例如醫藥組合物)。此類組合物可包含一或多種雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及一或多種RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑),例如一或多種載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。此類組合物亦可包含用於本文所揭示之方法中的一或多種其他治療劑,諸如SHP2抑制劑、TKI、MAPK路徑抑制劑、EGFR抑制劑、ALK抑制劑及MEK抑制劑,及例如一或多種載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑。
組合物可分別根據習知混合、造粒或塗佈方法製備,且本發明醫藥組合物可含有以重量或體積計約0.1%至約99%、約5%至約90%或約1%至約20%之所揭示化合物。
根據多種因素選擇利用所揭示之化合物的給藥方案,該等因素包括患者之類型、物種、年齡、體重、性別及醫學病狀;待治療之病狀的嚴重程度;投藥途徑;患者之腎或肝功能;及所採用之特定所揭示化合物。熟習此項技術之一般醫師或獸醫可容易地確定及指定為了預防、對抗或阻止病狀惡化所需之藥物的有效量。
需要治療病狀時,雙立體型mTOR抑制劑用於達成指定作用時的有效劑量範圍為約0.1 mg至約1000 mg。活體內或活體外使用的組合物可含有約0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、5、20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750或1000 mg所揭示化合物,或劑量清單中之一種量至另一種量的範圍。在一些實施例中,活體內或活體外使用的組合物含有0.5 mg至500 mg (例如約1 mg至約400 mg)。在一些實施例中,組合物呈靜脈內溶液形式。
需要治療病狀時,ALK抑制劑用於達成指定作用時的有效劑量範圍為約0.5 mg至約5000 mg。活體內或活體外使用的組合物可含有約0.5、5、20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750、1000、1250、2500、3500或5000 mg所揭示化合物,或劑量清單中之一種量至另一種量的範圍。在一些實施例中,組合物呈可刻痕之錠劑形式。
需要治療病狀時,EGFR抑制劑用於達成指定作用時的有效劑量範圍為約0.5 mg至約5000 mg。活體內或活體外使用的組合物可含有約0.5、5、20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750、1000、1250、2500、3500或5000 mg所揭示化合物,或劑量清單中之一種量至另一種量的範圍。在一些實施例中,組合物呈可刻痕之錠劑形式。
在需要治療病狀時,MEK抑制劑當用於達成指定作用時的有效劑量範圍為約0.05 mg至約5000 mg。活體內或活體外使用的組合物可含有約0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1、2、5、20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750、1000、1250、2500、3500或5000 mg所揭示化合物,或劑量清單中之一種量至另一種量的範圍。在一些實施例中,組合物呈可刻痕之錠劑形式。
本發明亦提供用雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及視情況存在之RAS抑制劑(例如KRAS(OFF)抑制劑及/或KRAS(ON)抑制劑)、一或多種載劑、賦形劑、稀釋劑及/或界面活性劑治療疾病或病症的套組,及用於確定來自個體的樣品(例如腫瘤樣品)對此類雙立體型mTOR及/或RAS抑制劑療法是否可能敏感的方式。在一些實施例中,用於測定的方式包含用於測定樣品是否包含RAS突變(例如NRAS、KRAS或HRAS突變)的方式。此類突變可包含G12C突變。此類突變可選自KRAS
G12C突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12S突變及/或KRAS
G12V突變。此類裝置包括(但不限於)直接定序,及利用高靈敏度診斷分析(利用CE-IVD標記),例如如
Domagala等人, Pol J Pathol 3: 145-164 (2012)中所述,該文獻以全文引用的方式併入本文中,包括TheraScreen PCR;AmoyDx;PNAClamp;RealQuality;EntroGen;LightMix;StripAssay;Hybcell plexA;Devyser;Surveyor;Cobas;以及TheraScreen Pyro。
偵測KRAS、HRAS或NRAS核苷酸序列突變的方法已為熟習此項技術者所知。此等方法包括(但不限於)聚合酶鏈反應-限制性片段長度多形性(PCR-RFLP)分析、聚合酶鏈反應-單股構形多形性(PCR-SSCP)分析、即時PCR分析、PCR定序、突變型對偶基因特異性PCR擴增(MASA)分析、直接定序、引子延伸反應、電泳、寡核苷酸連接分析、雜交分析、塔克曼分析(TaqMan assays)、SNP基因分型分析、高解析度解鏈分析及微陣列分析。在一些實施例中,藉由即時PCR評價樣品中的G12C KRAS、HRAS或NRAS突變。在即時PCR中,使用對KRAS、HRAS或NRAS G12C突變具有特異性的螢光探針。存在突變時,探針結合且偵測到螢光。在一些實施例中,使用直接定序方法,鑑別KRAS、HRAS或NRAS基因之特定區域(例如外顯子2及/或外顯子3)中的KRAS、HRAS或NRAS G12C突變。此技術將鑑別所定序區域中的所有可能突變。
偵測KRAS、HRAS或NRAS蛋白質突變的方法已為熟習此項技術者所知。此等方法包括(但不限於)使用特異性針對突變蛋白的結合劑(例如抗體)、蛋白質電泳及西方墨點法,及直接肽定序法偵測KRAS、HRAS或NRAS突變體。
確定腫瘤或癌症是否包含G12C或其他KRAS、HRAS或NRAS突變的方法可使用多種樣品。在一些實施例中,樣品獲自患有腫瘤或癌症之個體。在一些實施例中,樣品為新製腫瘤/癌症樣品。在一些實施例中,樣品為冷凍的腫瘤/癌症樣品。在一些實施例中,樣品為福馬林固定、石蠟包埋的樣品。在一些實施例中,樣品為循環腫瘤細胞(CTC)樣品。在一些實施例中,將樣品處理成細胞溶胞物。在一些實施例中,將樣品處理成DNA或RNA。
例示性實施例本發明之一些實施例存在於如下實施例中:
實施例I-1. 一種用於延遲或預防有需要之個體出現針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受或將接受該RAS抑制劑的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防有需要之個體出現針對該RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的量。
實施例I-2. 一種治療有需要之個體之針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該有效量為有效治療有需要之個體之針對該RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的量。
實施例I-3. 實施例I-1或I-2之方法,其中該RAS係選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。
實施例I-4. 實施例I-1至I-3中任一例之方法,進一步包含向該個體投與有效量的該RAS抑制劑。
實施例I-5. 實施例I-1至I-4中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向特定的RAS突變。
實施例I-6. 實施例I-1至I-5中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。
實施例I-7. 實施例I-1至I-6中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向G12C突變。
實施例I-8. 實施例I-1至I-7中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-9. 實施例I-1至I-8中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-10. 實施例I-6至I-9中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。
實施例I-11. 實施例I-1至I-6或實施例I-9至I-10中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變及KRAS
G12Y突變。
實施例I-12. 實施例I-1至I-11中任一例之方法,其中該KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-13. 前述實施例中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-14. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-15. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-16. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其氧雜環庚烷異構體。
實施例I-17. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-18. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-19. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-20. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-21. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
或其立體異構體或互變異構體
及具有下式之化合物
或其立體異構體或互變異構體。
實施例I-22. 實施例I-1至I-12中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
。
實施例I-23. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例11或實施例I-13至I-22中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「開啟」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-24. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例11或實施例I-13至I-23中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-25. 實施例I-24之方法,其中該KRAS(ON)抑制劑為KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-26. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例I-11或實施例I-13至I-25中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A1-A741,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-27. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例I-11或實施例I-13至I-25中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為附錄B-1式VIb之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
。
實施例I-28. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例I-11或實施例I-13至I-27中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-29. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例I-11或實施例I-13至I-28中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-30. 實施例I-1至I-8、實施例I-11或實施例I-13至I-28中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-31. 前述實施例中任一例之方法,其中向該個體投與該RAS抑制劑以治療或預防癌症。
實施例I-32. 實施例I-31之方法,其中該癌症為RAS G12C癌症。
實施例I-33. 實施例I-31或實施例I-32之方法,其中該癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-34. 實施例I-31至I-33中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。
實施例I-35. 實施例I-31至I-34中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
實施例I-36. 實施例I-31至I-34中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-37. 實施例I-31至I-36中任一例之方法,其中該癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌及血液癌症。
實施例I-38. 實施例I-31至I-37中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。
實施例I-39. 實施例I-37或實施例I-38之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-40. 實施例I-31至I-39中任一例之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤消退。
實施例I-41. 實施例I-31至I-40中任一例之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
實施例I-42. 一種治療患有癌症之個體的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑之組合。
實施例I-43. 實施例I-42之方法,其中該RAS係選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。
實施例I-44. 實施例I-42或實施例I-43之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向特定的RAS突變。
實施例I-45. 實施例I-42至I-44中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。
實施例I-46. 實施例I-42至I-45中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向RAS G12C突變。
實施例I-47. 實施例I-42至I-46中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-48. 實施例I-42至I-47中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-49. 實施例I-42至I-48中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。
實施例I-50. 實施例I-42至I-45或實施例I-48至I-49中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變及KRAS
G12Y突變。
實施例I-51. 實施例I-42至I-50中任一例之方法,其中該KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-52. 前述實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-53. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-54. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-55. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其氧雜環庚烷異構體。
實施例I-56. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-57. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-58. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-59. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-60. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
或其立體異構體或互變異構體
及具有下式之化合物
或其立體異構體或互變異構體。
實施例I-61. 實施例I-42至I-51中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
。
實施例I-62. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-61中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「開啟」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-63. 實施例I-62之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-64. 實施例I-63之方法,其中該KRAS(ON)抑制劑為KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-65. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-64中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A1-A741,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-66. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-64中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為附錄B-1式VIb之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
。
實施例I-67. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-66中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-68. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-67中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-69. 實施例I-42至I-47、實施例I-50或實施例I-52至I-67中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-70. 實施例I-42至I-49或實施例I-51至I-69中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為RAS G12C癌症。
實施例I-71. 實施例I-42至I-70中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-72. 實施例I-42至I-71中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。
實施例I-73. 實施例I-42至I-71中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
實施例I-74. 實施例I-42至I-72中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-75. 實施例I-42至I-74中任一例之方法,其中該癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌及血液癌症。
實施例I-76. 實施例I-42至I-75中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。
實施例I-77. 實施例I-42至I-72或實施例I-74至I-76中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-78. 實施例I-42至I-77中任一例之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤消退。
實施例I-79. 實施例I-42至I-78中任一例之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
實施例I-80. 一種誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及RAS抑制劑的組合接觸,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
實施例I-81. 實施例I-80之方法,其中該RAS係選自KRAS、NRAS及HRAS。
實施例I-82. 實施例I-80或實施例I-81之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向特定的RAS突變。
實施例I-83. 實施例I-80至I-82中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。
實施例I-84. 實施例I-80至I-83中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向RAS G12C突變。
實施例I-85. 實施例I-80至I-84中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-86. 實施例I-80至I-85中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「關閉」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-87. 實施例I-80至I-86中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。
實施例I-88. 實施例I-80至I-84或實施例I-85至I-87中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向選自以下的KRAS突變:KRAS
G12A突變、KRAS
G12D突變、KRAS
G12F突變、KRAS
G12I突變、KRAS
G12L突變、KRAS
G12R突變、KRAS
G12S突變、KRAS
G12V突變及KRAS
G12Y突變。
實施例I-89. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該KRAS抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-90. 實施例I-80至I-89中任一例之方法,其中該mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-91. 實施例I-80至I-89中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-92. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-93. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其氧雜環庚烷異構體。
實施例I-94. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其立體異構體。
實施例I-95. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
或其互變異構體。
實施例I-96. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-97. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為具有下式的化合物
。
實施例I-98. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
或其立體異構體或互變異構體
及具有下式之化合物
或其立體異構體或互變異構體。
實施例I-99. 實施例I-80至I-88中任一例之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑包含於含有具有下式之化合物的組合物中
。
實施例I-100. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-99中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑以其「開啟」姿態結合RAS。
實施例I-101. 實施例I-100之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-102. 實施例I-101之方法,其中該KRAS(ON)抑制劑為KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
實施例I-103. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-102中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A1-A741,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-104. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-102中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為附錄B-1式VIb之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
。
實施例I-105. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-104中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑係選自附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-106. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-105中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-107. 實施例I-80至I-85、實施例I-88或實施例I-90至I-107中任一例之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例I-108. 實施例I-80至I-107中任一例之方法,其中該腫瘤係由癌症引起。
實施例I-109. 實施例I-80至I-83、實施例I-86至I-87、或實施例I-89至I-107中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為RAS G12C癌症。
實施例I-110. 實施例I-80至I-109中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含KRAS
G12C突變。
實施例I-111. 實施例I-80至I-110中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及STK11突變。
實施例I-112. 實施例I-80至I-110中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
實施例I-113. 實施例I-80至I-111中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-114. 實施例I-80至I-113中任一例之方法,其中該癌症係選自胰臟癌、大腸直腸癌、非小細胞肺癌、鱗狀細胞肺癌、甲狀腺腺癌及血液癌症。
實施例I-115. 實施例I-80至I-114中任一例之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K突變。
實施例I-116. 實施例I-80至I-111或實施例I-113至I-115中任一例之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
實施例I-117. 實施例I-80至I-116中任一例之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤消退。
實施例I-118. 實施例I-1至I-117中任一例之方法,其中相較於尚未接受RAS抑制劑與雙立體型mTOR抑制劑治療之類似個體的壽命,該方法使得個體的壽命改善。
實施例II-1. 一種用於延遲或預防患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體出現針對AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該個體已接受或將接受AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防該個體出現針對AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例II-2. 一種用於延遲或預防患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體出現針對附錄B-1之式IVb化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法:
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
該方法包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該個體已接受或將接受該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防該個體出現針對該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例II-3. 一種用於延遲或預防患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體出現針對選自以下之化合物之後天抗性的方法:附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,該方法包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該個體已接受或將接受該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防該個體出現針對該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例II-4. 一種用於延遲或預防患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體出現針對化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該個體已接受或將接受化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防該個體出現針對化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例II-5. 一種用於延遲或預防患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體出現針對化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該個體已接受或將接受化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防該個體出現針對化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例III-1. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體之針對AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該有效量為有效治療該個體之針對AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例III-2. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體之針對附錄B-1之式IVb化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法:
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
該方法包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該有效量為有效治療該個體之針對該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例III-3. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體之針對選自以下之化合物之後天抗性的方法:附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,該方法包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該有效量為有效治療該個體之針對該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例III-4. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體之針對化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該有效量為有效治療該個體之針對化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例III-5. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體之針對化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體,其中該有效量為有效治療該個體之針對化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之後天抗性的量。
實施例IV-1. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合。
實施例IV-1. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與附錄B-1之式IVb化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合:
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
。
實施例IV-3. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與選自以下之化合物的組合:附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717及A733或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
實施例IV-4. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合。
實施例IV-5. 一種治療患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸癌之個體的方法,其包含向該個體投與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合。
實施例V-1. 一種誘導RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,其包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體及AMG 510或MRTX849或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合接觸,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
實施例V-2. 一種誘導患有RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,其包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體及附錄B-1之式IVb化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合接觸:
式VIb
其中A為3至6員伸雜環烷基、伸苯基或經羥基取代之伸苯基;B為-CH(C
1-C
6烷基)-;L為選自以下的連接子:
;且W為選自以下的交聯基團:
,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
實施例V-3. 一種誘導RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,其包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體與選自以下之化合物的組合接觸:附錄B-1之化合物A121、A131、A133、A145、A150、A173、A182、A191、A198、A199、A201、A244、A245、A246、A247、A248、A266、A290、A292、A310、A316、A317、A324、A325、A326、A337、A339、A351、A365、A377、A391、A402、A412、A413、A414、A426、A476、A487、A499、A508、A509、A526、A528、A532、A533、A534、A551、A559、A560、A565、A566、A567、A568、A569、A584、A585、A591、A592、A599、A601、A613、A614、A615、A616、A617、A643、A644、A646、A647、A648、A657、A663、A672、A699、A708、A715、A717 and A733或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
實施例V-4. 一種誘導RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,其包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體及化合物A或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合接觸,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
實施例V-5. 一種誘導RAS
G12C突變NSCLC或大腸直腸腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,其包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的RMC-5552或其立體異構體或互變異構體及化合物B或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合接觸,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
本說明書中提及及/或任何申請案資料表單中所列的所有美國專利、美國專利申請公開案、美國專利申請案、PCT專利申請案、PCT專利申請公開案、外國專利、外國專利申請案及非專利公開案均以全文引用的方式併入本文中。根據以上內容應瞭解,雖然本文中已出於說明之目的描述本發明之特定實施例,但可在不偏離本發明之精神及範疇之情況下進行各種潤飾。
實例
藉由以下實例及合成實例進一步說明本發明,該等實例不應理解為本發明的範疇或精神侷限於本文所述之特定程序。應瞭解,實例是為了說明某些實施例而提供,且不希望藉此限制本發明之範疇。此外應理解,可採用本身可被熟習此項技術者考慮到的多種其他實施例、潤飾及其等效形式,而不偏離本發明之精神及/或隨附申請專利範圍之範疇。
實例 1. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 及 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑對存在 RAS 及 mTOR 信號傳導共活化之 NSCLC 細胞的 活體外組合活性 目標 :
RAS及PI3K/mTOR信號傳導路徑在許多人類癌症中發生超活化。在PI3K/mTOR路徑中,mTORC1使腫瘤抑制因子4EBP1發生磷酸化而不活化,從而能夠達成帽依賴性轉譯,包括關鍵致癌基因的轉譯。吾等已開發出活化4EBP1的一系列雙立體型mTORC1選擇性抑制劑。如表1中所示,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)(此等新穎雙立體型抑制劑的一個代表性實例)對mTORC1而非mTORC2具有強烈的選擇性(>10倍)抑制作用,且持久地抑制活體外及活體內的S6K及4EBP1發生磷酸化。
表 1:
抑制 MDA-MB-468 (PTEN nul1 , EGFR amp) 乳癌細胞的受質磷酸化 (IC 50 , nM) | ||||
化合物 | pS6K mTORCI | p4EBP1 mTORCI | pAKT mTORC2 | mTORC1/2選擇性比率* |
雷帕黴素 | 0.063 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
MLN0128 | 0.689 | 18.90 | 1.77 | 0.09 |
RM-006 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 11.8 | 26.7 |
*IC 50pAKT/IC 50p4EBP1 |
在此實例中,吾等測試雙立體型mTOR抑制劑RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑AMG 510對各存在KRAS
G12C突變及mTOR信號傳導共活化之非小細胞肺癌細胞株NCI-H2122及NCI-H2030的活體外組合效應,
方法:
使細胞作為3維球體在培養物中生長。簡言之,將每孔1000個細胞(對於NCI-H2122)及每孔1500個細胞(對於NCI-H2030)於生長培養基中接種於超低附接圓底384孔盤中,該生長培養基補充有10%胎牛血清及1%青黴素/鏈黴素,且允許在37℃下、在5% CO2中形成球體維持24小時。目測確認球體形成,且用3.16倍連續稀釋的單一藥劑抑制劑或組合(最終DMSO濃度=0.2%)處理球體,重複兩次。藥物暴露五天之後,使用3D-CellTiter-Glo®分析套組(Promega)測定球體細胞存活率。
結果:
RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對KRAS
G12C及STK11功能喪失型突變共存的兩種NSCLC細胞株顯示活體外組合抗增殖活性。STK11為mTOR信號傳導的負調節因子。在圖1A中,吾等對不同濃度的AMG 510在恆定的RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)(左圖:3 nM,對於H2122,且右圖:10 nM,對於H2030)存在下進行評價,且其在選定的AMG 510濃度下顯示組合抗增殖活性。在圖1B中,吾等對不同濃度的RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)在恆定的AMG 510 (左圖:90 nM,對於H2122;或右圖:10 nM,對於H2030)存在下進行評價,且其在選定的RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)濃度下顯示組合抗增殖活性。因此,雙立體型mTORC1選擇性抑制劑與KRAS抑制劑的組合在存在RAS及mTOR信號傳導共活化的NSCLC模型中驅動腫瘤消退。
實例 2. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 及 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑對非小細胞肺癌 NCI-H358 KRAS
G12C 異種移植模型的活體內組合活性 目標 :
實例1中已證明對RAS與PI3K/mTOR信號傳導路徑的組合抑制達成顯著的活體外抗腫瘤活性,吾等設法將吾等的結果擴展至活體內腫瘤模型。為此,使用雌性BALB/c裸小鼠(6至8週齡),利用人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H358 KRAS
G12C異種移植模型評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合作用。
方法 :
將存在於50%基質膠中的NCI-H358腫瘤細胞(每隻小鼠5×10
6個細胞)皮下植入小鼠的側腹中。一旦腫瘤達到約200 mm3的平均尺寸,則將小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內注射來投與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272),且藉由每天經口管飼來投與AMG 510。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。
結果:
圖2A顯示平均腫瘤體積曲線圖且證明每週腹膜內以10 mg/kg投與之RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與每天經口以5 mg/kg之次最大劑量給予之AMG 510的組合引起NCI-H358 KRAS
G12C異種移植模型出現腫瘤消退,該異種移植模型為對單獨KRAS
G12C抑制敏感的模型。以瀑布圖表示之各小鼠的研究反應終點顯示於圖2B中。瀑布圖上指示腫瘤體積降幅大於基線10%的腫瘤數目(圖2B)。
在圖2C中,在治療中止之後,每週腹膜內10 mg/kg RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與每天經口30 mg/kg (回歸驅動型劑量,但為次最大) AMG 510抑制劑的組合產生比單獨AMG 510更持久的延遲腫瘤再生長之反應。圖2D中所示之卡普蘭-邁耶分析表明,在治療中止之後,與單一藥劑AMG 510相比,與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)的組合顯著延遲腫瘤再生長回至500 mm3,如對數秩(曼特爾-考克斯)檢驗所評估(p=0.0395)。組合處理具有良好耐受性。此等發現表明,即使對於不含賦予mTOR路徑活化之已知基因體畸變的突變型KRAS腫瘤細胞,突變型KRAS抑制劑及雙立體型mTORC1選擇性抑制劑同時靶向RAS與mTOR信號傳導可證明優於單獨的突變型KRAS抑制劑。
實例 3. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 及 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑對非小細胞肺癌 NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12CSTK11del
異種移植模型的活體內組合活性 目標 :
為了進一步探究對RAS與PI3K/mTOR信號傳導路徑之組合抑制所得到的活體內效用,吾等使用雌性BALB/c裸小鼠(6至8週齡)研究RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12CSTK11del異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合作用。
方法 :
將存在於50%基質膠中的NCI-H2122腫瘤細胞(每隻小鼠5×10
6個細胞)皮下植入小鼠的側腹中。一旦腫瘤達到約166 mm3的平均尺寸,則將小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內注射來投與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272),且藉由每天經口管飼來投與AMG 510。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。
結果:
如圖3A中之腫瘤體積曲線圖所示,對於KRAS
G12C及STK11de共存的NCI-H2122 NSCLC CDX模型而言,每週腹膜內投與10 mg/kg單一藥劑RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)產生27.4%的腫瘤生長抑制率(「TGI」),且每天經口投與100 mg/kg單一藥劑AMG 510產生54.6%的TGI。然而,組合卻驅動NCI-H2122模型的腫瘤消退。相對於媒劑對照組,組合療法的抗腫瘤活性具有統計學顯著性,***p<0.001,如利用GraphPad Prism軟體、藉由對腫瘤體積進行一般的單向ANOVA且經由事後杜凱氏檢驗(post-hoc Tukey's test)進行多重比較所評估。在圖3B中,瀑布圖顯示研究結束時的個別腫瘤反應,且組合組的7/10腫瘤顯示腫瘤體積降幅大於基線的10%。組合處理具有良好耐受性。此等資料證明,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制的組合驅動RAS及mTOR信號傳導共活化之NSCLC模型出現腫瘤消退。
NCI-H2122模型為NSCLC模型的一個實例,其對KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑或mTORC1抑制劑單一療法展現的抗腫瘤反應相對較低,如根據臨床前研究中之一些腫瘤生長抑制、而非腫瘤體積減小所證明。相比之下,兩種抑制劑的組合引起腫瘤消退且說明此治療方案用於克服先前或固有抗性的用途。NCI-H2122腫瘤細胞含有經由RAS與mTOR信號傳導路徑驅動致癌信號傳導的活化突變。因此,吾等假設兩種單一藥劑皆不能夠充分克服兩種路徑共活化所驅動的致癌通量且需要組合療法來誘導細胞凋亡及腫瘤消退。
實例 4. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 及 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑對人類非小細胞肺癌 NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12CSTK11
del 異種移植模型之組合活性的活體內單次劑量 PKPD 研究 目標 :
吾等研究RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)、AMG-510及兩種抑制劑之組合對人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12CSTK11del異種移植模型所產生的藥物動力學及藥效學(PKPD)作用。
方法 :
RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)以10 mg/kg腹膜內投與,而AMG 510以100 mg/kg藉由經口管飼投與。在多個時間點收集樣品的治療組概述於下表1中。收集血漿樣品用於對化合物進行生物分析,且收集腫瘤樣品,藉由對作為mTOR及RAS路徑活性之已知生物標記物的磷酸化蛋白質進行免疫組織化學(IHC)染色的定量影像分析來評估路徑調節。腫瘤切片用針對pS6RP(Ser235/236)、p4E-BP1(Thr37/46)及pERK(Thr202/Tyr204)的單株抗體染色,且利用DAB色素原可視化且用蘇木精進行對比染色,且掃描產生數位影像。利用Indica Lab的HALO軟體,使用區域定量模組分析數位影像,其中逐像素量測顏色及強度。量測整個腫瘤切片(不包括壞死區域及鼠組織)之高於背景的強度,且量測針對指定區域計算的陽性百分比。另外,使用qPCR分析量測人類DUSP6的mRNA水準作為RAS/ERK信號傳導的另一種標記物。
使用NCI-H2122腫瘤進行單次劑量PKPD研究的治療組、劑量及時間點顯示於表2中。
表 2 . 使用 NCI-H2122 腫瘤進行單次劑量 PKPD 研究的治療組、劑量及時間點概述 .
結果:
化合物/組 | 劑量 | PK,n = 3/時間點 | PD,n = 3/時間點 |
媒劑對照組 | 10 ml/kg | 1h, 24h | 1h, 24h |
RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272) | 10 mg/kg | 0.5h, 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h | 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h |
AMG 510 | 100 mg/kg | 0.5h, 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h | 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h |
組合 | 10 + 100 mg/kg | 0.5h, 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h | 1h, 4h, 6h, 24h, 48h |
如圖4A中所示,腹膜內10 mg/kg RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與經口100 mg/kg AMG 510的組合在所有時間點對pS6RP (Ser235/236)的抑制比各種單一藥劑更強。pS6RP (Ser235/236)為可藉由mTOR與RAS路徑調節的關鍵會聚節點。如圖4B-4D中所示,對p4EBP1、pERK及DUSP6的作用與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)及AMG 510分別對mTOR及RAS信號傳導產生的預期路徑調節作用一致。各種單一藥劑之無結合血漿濃度以線條顯示於圖4A-4D之條形圖上。各種藥劑在組合時的PK概況與單一藥劑的PK概況一致,未指示DDI,因此僅顯示單一藥劑PK。給藥之後第4小時及第48小時的pS6RP (Ser235/236)及p4EBP1 (Thr37/46)之代表性IHC染色影像分別顯示於圖4E及4F中。
使用多株抗體,藉由IHC對圖4中所述之單次劑量研究之腫瘤中的裂解凋亡蛋白酶3 (CC3)進行染色。為了評估總體上的CC3誘導,應用如上文所述的HALO定量影像分析。
如圖5A及5B中所示,相對於單獨的各種單一藥劑,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510的組合對人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12CSTK11
del腫瘤產生顯著的細胞凋亡誘導作用,如根據裂解凋亡蛋白酶3 IHC染色所量測。基於吾等評估的時間點,單次劑量之後第24小時發生最大的細胞凋亡誘導,其引起的CC3陽性誘導比對照組高約900%。各治療組之腫瘤在多個時間點的CC3陽性%作為平均值與SEM概述於下表3中。利用此等值產生圖5A中所示之條形圖。
表 3. 各治療組之腫瘤在指定時間點的 CC3 陽性百分比作為平均值及 SEM 概述 , 其中 N 表示 小鼠數目。利用此表的值產生圖 5A 的條形圖。
給藥之後的時間(小時) | 相對於對照組標準化的CC3陽性% | ||||||||
RMC-6272* 10mg/kg ip | AMG 510 100 mg/kg po | 組合 | |||||||
平均值 | SEM | N | 平均值 | SEM | N | 平均值 | SEM | N | |
1 | 71.3 | 10.7 | 3 | 60.7 | 26.0 | 3 | 93.0 | 12.9 | 3 |
4 | 86.3 | 20.3 | 3 | 134.0 | 18.3 | 3 | 160.3 | 46.0 | 3 |
6 | 115.7 | 6.1 | 3 | 111.7 | 44.5 | 3 | 326.0 | 38.5 | 3 |
24 | 232.3 | 81.2 | 3 | 172.0 | 53.4 | 3 | 915.0 | 115.0 | 2 |
48 | 87.0 | 32.1 | 3 | 20.0 | 3.0 | 3 | 268.7 | 92.3 | 3 |
*亦已知為RM-006 |
成人體細胞幾乎皆死於細胞凋亡,一種計劃性細胞死亡形式。含有導致細胞凋亡信號傳導減弱之變化的癌細胞通常能夠藉由不活化細胞死亡路徑來躲避死亡(Long 2012)。因此,細胞凋亡或其抗性的減少在癌發生中起重要作用(Hanahan 2000)。
成功的癌症療法可促進癌細胞死亡,同時將對正常細胞產生的類似損傷減至最小。多項活體外及活體內研究已指出,腫瘤細胞的細胞凋亡誘導為已批准之多種藥物在臨床前與臨床配置中治療癌症之作用機制的一部分(Gerl 2005)。
在此研究中,吾等結果證明RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C抑制劑組合療法可活體內誘導NCI-H2122異種移植腫瘤出現顯著的細胞凋亡。此為吾等首次瞭解到mTOR抑制劑與KRAS
G12C突變型選擇性抑制劑組合療法已顯示出活體內促進腫瘤細胞凋亡。
參考文獻:
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000; 100:57-70.
Gerl R, Vaux DL. Apoptosis in the development and treatment of cancer, Carcinogenesis. 2005; 26(2):263-270
Long J, Ryan, K. New frontiers in promoting tumor cell death: targeting apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. Oncogene 2012; 31:5045-5060.
實例 5. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 與 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑的組合使 RAS 與 mTOR 信號傳導共活化之 NSCLC 模型的治療時抗性顯著延遲 目標 :
吾等使用雌性NOD SCID小鼠(4至5週齡)研究RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2030 KRAS
G12CSTK11E317*異種移植模型之腫瘤細胞生長的活體內組合作用。
方法 :
將存在於50%基質膠中的NCI-H2030腫瘤細胞(每隻小鼠1×10
7個細胞)皮下植入小鼠的側腹中。一旦腫瘤達到150-200 mm3的平均尺寸,則將小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內注射來投與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272),且藉由每天經口管飼來投與AMG 510。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。
結果:
對於人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2030 KRAS
G12CSTK11
E317*腫瘤,每週腹膜內給與3 mg/kg或10 mg/kg之RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與每天經口給與之100 mg/kg AMG 510的組合相對於單一藥劑AMG 510,引起持久的腫瘤消退且延遲治療時抗性,如圖6A中所呈現的平均腫瘤體積曲線圖所示。治療時達到基線體積之腫瘤的卡普蘭-邁耶分析顯示,該組合顯著延長腫瘤產生抗性的時間,如對數秩(曼特爾-考克斯)檢驗所評估(圖6B)。下表4概述比較情況及
P值。
表 4. 治療組的比較情況及對數秩 ( 曼特爾 - 考克斯 ) 檢驗之 P 值概述 , 其中 RM-006 亦已知為 RMC-6272 。
實例 6. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 與 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑的組合使人類非小細胞肺癌 NCI-H2030 KRAS
G12CSTK11
E317* 異種移植模型之 AMG 510 治療時抗性 腫瘤生長減弱 目標 :
對數秩( 曼特爾- 考克斯) 檢驗 | 與RM-006 3 mg/kg ip qw的組合 | 與RM-006 10 mg/kg ip qw的組合 |
AMG 510 100 mg/kg po qd | (**) P = 0.0036 | (***) P < 0.0001 |
與RM-006 10 mg/kg ip qw的組合 | (***) P = 0.0001 |
吾等評價在人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2030 KRAS
G12CSTK11
E317*異種移植模型產生抗性之後,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510組合療法是否能減弱AMG 510治療時抗性腫瘤生長。
方法:在上述實例6所述之實驗中,在植入後的第59天,每天藉由經口管飼投與100 mg/kg AMG 510治療的動物展現治療時抗性(參見圖7)。此時,每週一次藉由腹膜內注射向同組動物投與10 mg/kg RM-006,同時AMG 510治療繼續進行。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。
結果:
治療2-3週之後,每天PO 100 mg/kg AMG 510治療組的人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2030 KRAS
G12CSTK11
E317*腫瘤產生治療時抗性(圖7)。RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)(每週腹膜內10 mg/kg)與AMG 510 (每天經口100 mg/kg)的組合添加至同組動物使抗性腫瘤生長減少,如個別腫瘤體積曲線圖所示(圖7)。
NCI-H2030模型說明一種情形,其中KRAS
G12C突變型腫瘤最初對KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑單一療法敏感,如治療之後觀測到之此模型之初始腫瘤消退所證明。然而,長期治療時,異種移植腫瘤能夠再生長且展現治療時抗性。KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑與mTORC1抑制劑的組合顯著延遲此治療時抗性的發生。此外,單一療法抗性(針對KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑療法)發生時將mTORC1抑制劑添加至KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑療法中在組合療法之後,引起腫瘤生長減弱且在一些情況下引起明顯消退。
總之,此等結果證明mTOR活化限制針對突變型KRAS
G12C抑制的治療反應;且初步證明RAS與mTOR信號傳導的組合抑制足以預防治療時針對KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制的抗性。
實例 7. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 與 KRAS
G12C(OFF)
抑制劑的組合使人類大腸直腸癌 (CRC) 患者源異種移植 (PDX) ST3235 (PIK3CA
E545K)
模型在 AMG 510 治療時 的腫瘤生長減弱 目標 :
吾等評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510組合療法在人類大腸直腸癌(CRC)患者源異種移植(PDX) ST3235 (PIK3CA
E545K)模型產生抗性之後是否能減弱AMG 510治療時的腫瘤生長。
方法:
使用雌性無胸腺裸小鼠(6至12週齡)評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對人類大腸直腸癌(CRC)患者源異種移植(PDX)模型ST3235 KRAS
G12CPIK3CA
E545K之活體內腫瘤生長的組合作用(圖8)。將來自ST3235 CRC PDX模型之約70 mg重量的腫瘤片段植入(皮下)無胸腺裸小鼠的右側腹。當腫瘤尺寸達到150-200 mm
3的平均尺寸時,將小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內注射來投與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272),且藉由每天經口管飼來投與AMG 510。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。
結果:
在KRAS
G12C及PIK3CA
E545K共存的ST3235人類CRC PDX模型中,每週腹膜內投與3 mg/kg單一藥劑RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)產生47.6%的TGI,且每天經口投與100 mg/kg單一藥劑AMG 510產生71.5%的TGI。然而,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)(3 mg/kg)與AMG 510 (100 mg/kg)的組合顯示的腫瘤生長抑制作用優於任一個單一藥劑組,該組合的TGI為92.7%。組合療法的抗腫瘤活性在統計學上比對照組顯著(***p<0.001,普通的單向ANOVA與經由事後杜凱氏檢驗進行的多重比較)。
實例 8. RM-006 ( 亦已知為 RMC-6272) 與 化合物 A (KRAS
G12C(ON)
抑制劑 ) 的組合對人類肺癌 ST1989 KRAS
G12C 患者源異種移植模型之腫瘤生長的作用 . 目標 :吾等使用雌性無胸腺裸小鼠評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與化合物A (如本文中所揭示之KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑)的組合療法是否能減弱人類肺癌ST1989 KRAS
G12C患者源異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長。化合物A為附錄B-1中所揭示之KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
方法:
使用雌性無胸腺裸小鼠(6至12週齡)評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與化合物A對人類肺癌ST1989 KRAS
G12C患者源異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合作用。將尺寸約70 mg的腫瘤片段皮下植入小鼠的側腹區域。一旦腫瘤達到150-300 mm
3之間範圍內的平均尺寸,則將小鼠以每組三隻小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內注射來投與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272),且藉由每天經口管飼來投與化合物A。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。將個別腫瘤之研究反應的終點繪製成瀑布圖,且數目表示各組的腫瘤消退數目。腫瘤消退定義為研究結束時之腫瘤體積相對於初始體積減小大於10%。
結果:
就此而言,在圖9中,對於ST1989腫瘤,每週腹膜內投與3 mg/kg單一藥劑RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)產生31.6%的腫瘤生長抑制率(TGI),且每天經口投與100 mg/kg單一藥劑化合物A產生45.3%的TGI。重要的是,3 mg/kg RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與100 mg/kg化合物A的組合產生96.5%的TGI。研究反應終點以瀑布圖顯示,其表明組合組3隻小鼠中有1隻出現腫瘤消退,而各單一藥劑組無腫瘤消退記錄。組合療法具有耐受性。
實例 9. RMC-6272 ( 亦已知為 RM-006) 與 化合物 B (KRAS
G12C(ON)
抑制劑 ) 對 NSCLC CDX 模型的組合作用 方法:
使用雌性Balb/c裸小鼠(4至6週齡)評價雙立體型mTOR抑制劑RMC-6272 (亦已知為RM-006)與化合物B (本文中所揭示的KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑)對人類NSCLC NCI-H2122 (KRAS
G12C;STK11
MUT;KEAP1
MUT)細胞株來源之異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合作用。將存在於50%基質膠中的NCI-H2122癌細胞(每隻小鼠5×10
6個細胞)皮下植入小鼠的側腹中。一旦腫瘤達到150-200 mm
3之間範圍內的平均尺寸,則將小鼠以每組八隻小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內(ip)注射來投與RMC-6272 (亦已知為RM-006),且藉由每天經口管飼(po)來投與化合物B。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。化合物B為附錄B-1中所揭示之KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
結果:
在圖10中,在對NCI-H2122異種移植腫瘤開始給藥後的第17天,每週腹膜內投與8 mg/kg單一藥劑RMC-6272 (亦已知為RM-006)產生59.0%的腫瘤生長抑制率(TGI),且每天經口投與100 mg/kg單一藥劑化合物B產生87.4%的TGI。重要的是,開始給藥後的第17天,8 mg/kg RMC-6272 (亦已知為RM-006)與100 mg/kg化合物B的組合使群組中的所有腫瘤完全消退。並且在開始給藥後的第31天,組合組中的所有腫瘤仍展現腫瘤消退。所有療法在研究過程期間均為耐受的。
實例 10. RMC-5552 與 化合物 B ( 如實例 9 中的 KRAS
G12C(ON)
抑制劑 ) 對 NSCLC CDX 模型的組合作用 方法:
使用雌性Balb/c裸小鼠(4至6週齡)評價雙立體型mTOR抑制劑RMC-5552與化合物B (本文中所揭示且如實例9中的KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑)對人類NSCLC NCI-H2122 (KRAS
G12C;STK11
MUT;KEAP1
MUT)細胞株來源之異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合作用。將存在於50%基質膠中的NCI-H2122癌細胞(每隻小鼠5×10
6個細胞)皮下植入小鼠的側腹中。一旦腫瘤達到150-200 mm
3之間範圍內的平均尺寸,則將小鼠以每組八隻小鼠隨機分配至治療組以開始投與測試物或媒劑。藉由每週一次腹膜內(ip)注射來投與RMC-5552,且藉由每天經口管飼(po)來投與化合物B。每週兩次量測體重及腫瘤體積(使用測徑規)直至研究終點。化合物B為附錄B-1中所揭示之KRAS
G12C(ON)抑制劑。
結果:
在圖11中,在對NCI-H2122異種移植腫瘤開始給藥後的第21天,每週腹膜內投與10 mg/kg單一藥劑RMC-5552產生37.1%的腫瘤生長抑制率(TGI),且每天經口投與100 mg/kg單一藥劑化合物B產生85.5%的TGI。重要的是,在開始給藥後的第21天,10 mg/kg RMC-5552與100 mg/kg化合物B的組合產生99.0%的腫瘤生長抑制率(TGI),其中8個腫瘤中有3個相對於基線展現大於10%的腫瘤體積減幅。化合物B (每天經口投與100 mg/kg)與組合療法的抗腫瘤活性在統計學上比對照組顯著(***p<0.001,普通單向ANOVA與經由事後杜凱氏檢驗進行的多重比較)。所有療法在研究過程期間均為耐受的。
等效物
儘管本發明已結合上述特定實施例描述,但其許多替代例、潤飾及其他變化將為一般技術者顯而易見的。所有此類替代例、潤飾及變化意欲落入本發明之精神及範疇內。本說明書中所提及及/或申請資料表單中所列出之所有美國專利、美國專利申請公開案、美國專利申請案、外國專利、外國專利申請案及非專利出版物均以全文引用之方式併入本文中。必要時,可以修改實施例之態樣以採用多個專利、申請案及公開案之構思,從而提供又另外的實施例。可根據以上詳細說明來對實施例進行此等及其他變更。一般而言,在以下申請專利範圍中,所用術語不應解釋為將申請專利範圍限於說明書及申請專利範圍中所揭示之特定實施例,而應解釋為包括所有可能實施例以及此類申請專利範圍有權要求的等效物之完整範疇。相應地,申請專利範圍不受本發明限制。
圖1顯示RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑AMG 510對各自存在RAS及mTOR信號傳導共活化之NSCLC細胞株NCI-H2122及NCI-H2030的組合性抗增殖活性。圖1A顯示不同濃度之AMG 510在恆定的RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)(左圖:3 nM,對於H2122;及右圖:10 nM,對於H2030)存在下產生的抗增殖活性。圖1B顯示不同濃度之RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)在恆定的AMG 510 (左圖:90 nM,對於H2122;或右圖:10 nM,對於H2030)存在下產生的抗增殖活性。
圖2顯示RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)增強KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑的活體內抗腫瘤活性,且此等化合物的組合延遲腫瘤再生長。圖2A顯示腫瘤體積曲線圖,其展現RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510對人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H358 KRAS
G12C異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤生長的組合作用。圖2B顯示瀑布圖,其展現圖2A中所測試之各小鼠在研究結束時的反應。圖2C顯示腫瘤體積曲線圖,其展現在治療中止後,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510延遲活體內腫瘤生長的組合作用。圖2D顯示卡普蘭-邁耶分析(Kaplan-Meier analysis),其展現相較於單一藥劑AMG 510,AMG 510與RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)的組合使腫瘤在治療中止之後再生長回至500 mm3受到顯著延遲(p = 0.0395),如對數秩(曼特爾-考克斯(Mantel-Cox))檢驗所評估。
圖3顯示RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制的組合驅使RAS與mTOR信號傳導共活化之NCI-H2122 NSCLC模型的腫瘤消退。圖3A顯示腫瘤體積曲線圖,其展現單獨或組合之RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510在NCI-H2122 NSCLC CDX模型中誘導的活體內腫瘤生長抑制。*** = p<0.001,如對腫瘤體積利用普通的單向ANOVA以及經由事後杜凱氏檢驗(post-hoc Tukey's test)、利用GraphPad Prism軟體進行多重比較所評估。圖3B顯示瀑布圖,其展現個別腫瘤在研究結束時的反應。
圖4顯示使用NCI-H2122 NSCLC CDX之單劑量PKPD研究的結果。藉由對腫瘤切片IHC染色進行定量影像分析來評估pS6RP (S235)(圖4A)、p4EBP1 (圖4B)、pERK (圖4C)的路徑調節,且藉由qPCR分析來評估人類
DUSP6(圖4D)的路徑調節。圖4E顯示pS6RP的代表性IHC染色影像且圖4F顯示p4EBP1的代表性IHC染色影像。
圖5顯示活體內協同誘導人類非小細胞肺癌NCI-H2122 KRAS
G12C(STK11del腫瘤)的細胞凋亡,其由單次劑量的RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510的組合加以誘導。圖5A顯示裂解凋亡蛋白酶3 (CC3)之IHC染色的定量。圖5B顯示指定量之RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)及AMG 510單獨及組合治療後24小時(頂排影像)及48小時(底排影像)的代表性CC3染色。
圖6顯示RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑的組合使RAS與mTOR信號傳導共活化之NSCLC模型的治療時抗性顯著延遲。圖6A顯示平均腫瘤體積曲線圖,其展現相較於單一藥劑療法,RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與AMG 510共療法誘導的治療時抗性顯著延遲。圖6B顯示治療時到達基線體積之腫瘤的卡普蘭-邁耶分析,且結果證明該組合使腫瘤呈現抗性的時間顯著延長,如對數秩(曼特爾-考克斯)檢驗所評估。
圖7顯示四隻小鼠的腫瘤體積曲線圖,其展現RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)治療使NCI-H2030模型之異種移植腫瘤AMG 510抗性減弱。N=4。
圖8顯示RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與KRAS
G12C(OFF)抑制劑對ST3235 (KRAS
G12CPIK3CA
E545K) CRC PDX模型的組合活性。
圖9顯示使用雌性無胸腺裸小鼠(6至12週齡)評價RM-006 (亦已知為RMC-6272)與本發明之RAS(ON)抑制劑化合物A對人類肺癌ST1989 KRAS
G12C患者來源之異種移植模型之活體內腫瘤細胞生長的組合活性。
圖10顯示RMC-6272 (亦已知為RMC-006)與化合物B對NSCLC CDX模型的組合影響。
圖11顯示RMC-5552與化合物B對NSCLC CDX模型的組合影響。
Claims (39)
- 一種用於延遲或預防有需要之個體出現針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該個體已接受或將接受該RAS抑制劑的投與,其中該有效量為有效延遲或預防有需要之個體出現針對該RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的量。
- 一種治療有需要之個體之針對RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑,其中該有效量為有效治療有需要之個體之針對該RAS抑制劑之後天抗性的量。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之方法,進一步包含向該個體投與有效量的該RAS抑制劑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向特定的RAS突變。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS G12C突變。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1至6或9至10中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該KRAS(ON)抑制劑為KRAS G12C(ON)抑制劑。
- 如請求項1至12中任一項之方法,其中向該個體投與該RAS抑制劑以治療或預防癌症。
- 如請求項13之方法,其中該癌症包含KRAS G12C突變。
- 如請求項13或14之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS G12C及STK11突變。
- 如請求項13至15中任一項之方法,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)或大腸直腸癌。
- 如請求項13至16中任一項之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS G12C及PIK3CA E545K突變。
- 如請求項13至17中任一項之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
- 如請求項1至18中任一項之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤消退。
- 如請求項1至18中任一項之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
- 一種治療患有癌症之個體的方法,包含向該個體投與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑與RAS抑制劑之組合。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向特定的RAS突變。
- 如請求項21或22之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向KRAS突變。
- 如請求項21至23中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑靶向該KRAS G12C突變。
- 如請求項21至24中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(OFF)抑制劑。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該KRAS(OFF)抑制劑係選自AMG 510、MRTX849、JDQ443及MRTX1133,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項21至26中任一項之方法,其中該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑為RM-006,亦已知為RMC-6272,或RMC-5552,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項21至24、27或28中任一項之方法,其中該RAS抑制劑為KRAS(ON)抑制劑。
- 如請求項29之方法,其中該KRAS(ON)抑制劑為KRAS G12C(ON)抑制劑。
- 如請求項21至30中任一項之方法,其中該癌症包含KRAS G12C突變。
- 如請求項21至31中任一項之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS G12C及STK11突變。
- 如請求項21至32中任一項之方法,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)。
- 如請求項21至33中任一項之方法,其中該癌症包含共存的KRAS G12C及PIK3CA E545K突變。
- 如請求項21至32或34中任一項之方法,其中該癌症為大腸直腸癌。
- 如請求項21至35中任一項之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤消退。
- 如請求項21至36中任一項之方法,其中該方法引起腫瘤細胞凋亡。
- 一種誘導腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的方法,包含使該腫瘤細胞與有效量的雙立體型mTOR抑制劑及RAS抑制劑的組合接觸,其中該有效量為有效誘導該腫瘤細胞發生細胞凋亡的量。
- 如請求項1至38中任一項之方法,其中相較於尚未接受該RAS抑制劑與該雙立體型mTOR抑制劑治療之類似個體的壽命,該方法使得該個體的壽命改善。
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US202063041071P | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | |
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2021
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- 2021-06-16 CN CN202180043541.0A patent/CN115916194A/zh active Pending
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JP2023530351A (ja) | 2023-07-14 |
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BR112022025550A2 (pt) | 2023-03-07 |
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