TW201710523A - 電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜 - Google Patents
電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明之電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,其係形成於電磁鋼板之母材的表面之絕緣塗膜,包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽,於與前述母材之表面的界面,具有二價金屬之濃縮層,於前述濃縮層中所包含之前述二價金屬的濃縮量係0.01g/m2以上、未達0.2g/m2。
Description
本發明係關於電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。
一般而言,於電磁鋼板(無方向性電磁鋼板及方向性電磁鋼板)的表面係以耐鏽性之提昇為目的而形成絕緣塗膜。以往,作為絕緣塗膜係主要採用以重鉻酸鹽作為主原料之鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜。但,由於6價鉻係毒性強,因此就製造時之作業環境保全(以下稱為「環境保全」)之點而言,要求有不含鉻的絕緣塗膜。
作為替代鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜之絕緣塗膜,磷酸鹽系絕緣塗膜係被探討(例如,參照專利文獻1)。並且,現在,提案有各種的磷酸鹽系絕緣塗膜(例如,參照專利文獻2~5)。但,鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜,係由於即使將塗膜之膜厚縮小,也可得到充分的耐蝕性,且可確保優異的熔接性及鉚接性,因此現在仍被採用作為電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。
磷酸鹽系絕緣塗膜(例如,磷酸Al系絕緣塗膜、磷酸Mg-Al系絕緣塗膜)、及不含鉻之環境保全型絕
緣塗膜(例如,二氧化矽系絕緣塗膜、Zr系絕緣塗膜),係相較於鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜耐蝕性較不足。若將絕緣塗膜之膜厚增厚,則耐蝕性係可確保。但,若將膜厚增厚,則會產生熔接性及鉚接性劣化的問題。
近年來,需求者逐漸往腐蝕環境嚴苛的東南亞、中國南部轉移,而電磁鋼板亦往該區域輸出。並且,伴隨此,對往腐蝕環境嚴苛的該區域輸出的電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,係被要求能耐海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境或當地之高溫多濕環境的耐鏽性。
例如,於專利文獻4及5中係揭示有進行以170~300℃焙燒的絕緣塗膜之濕潤試驗,並評估耐蝕性的結果。又,於專利文獻6與7中係揭示有以磷酸鹽化合物及螯合劑中添加了合成樹脂的處理液來形成絕緣塗膜。
再者,於專利文獻8中係提案有於磷酸金屬鹽中,添加由平均粒徑0.05~0.50μm之丙烯酸系樹脂、環氧系樹脂及聚酯系樹脂之1種或2種以上之混合物或共聚物所構成的有機樹脂、以及氟烯烴與乙烯性不飽和化合物之共聚物,來更提高於濕潤環境中之耐蝕性的絕緣塗膜。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特公昭53-028375號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開平05-078855號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開平06-330338號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開平11-131250號公報
[專利文獻5]日本特開平11-152579號公報
[專利文獻6]日本特開2001-107261號公報
[專利文獻7]日本特開2002-047576號公報
[專利文獻8]:國際公開第2012/057168號
如前述般,於專利文獻4及5中雖進行了絕緣塗膜之濕潤試驗,但在評估對輸出品所要求的於高漂浮鹽分環境中之耐蝕性方面,仍有殘留檢討的空間。
又,專利文獻6及7所揭示的絕緣塗膜雖為對於結露水之耐水性優異者,但針對海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境以及相當於亞熱帶及熱帶之高溫多濕環境中的耐鏽性尚不明確。
再者,於專利文獻8記載的技術中,絕緣塗膜之膜厚係以0.5~1.5μm為適宜,實施例之膜厚係成為0.8μm。使用者所期望之尤其是高度的熔接性及鉚接性係在絕緣塗膜之膜厚為較薄的領域可確保的特性。因此,為了達成熔接性及鉚接性之提昇,而要求有維持優異的耐蝕性,並且將絕緣塗膜之膜厚更減薄。
如此般,由於含磷酸鹽系絕緣塗膜之環境保
全型絕緣塗膜的耐蝕性未達到鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜的水準,因此於電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜中,現在,共存鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜與環境保全型絕緣塗膜。因此,對於製造者及使用者雙方,造成製品管理之煩雜及生產性之降低,而壓迫收益。
使用者對於環境保全型絕緣塗膜係除了耐蝕性以外,亦重視熔接性及鉚接性之生產技術方面的性能,並要求有與以往之鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同等水平的性能。
本發明之目的在於提供即使為與鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同程度的膜厚,亦發揮優異的耐蝕性,尤其於海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境,以及相當於亞熱帶及熱帶之高溫多濕環境中,發揮優異的耐鏽性之環境保全型的電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。
本發明係根據上述見解而完成者,要旨為下述之電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。
(1)一種電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,其係形成於電磁鋼板之母材的表面之絕緣塗膜,包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽,於與前述母材之表面的界面,具有二價金屬之濃縮層,於前述濃縮層中所包含之前述二價金屬的濃縮量係
0.010g/m2以上未達0.20g/m2。
(2)如上述(1)的電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,其中,前述絕緣塗膜係進一步含有有機樹脂。
依據本發明,由於即使為與鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同程度之膜厚,亦可確保優異的耐鏽性,因此可得到熔接性及鉚接性優異的環境保全型的電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。
[第1圖]係表示使用磷酸鋁與Ca螯合化合物時之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第2圖]係顯示使用了磷酸鎂與Mg螯合化合物時之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第3圖]係用以說明從Mg的深度方向之輪廓分離高斯函數近似之來自於濃縮層之Mg的峰值的方法之圖。
[第4圖]係顯示絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性試驗的評估方法之一例之圖。
[第5圖]係顯示絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性試驗的結果之一例之圖。(a)係顯示以氯化鈉濃度0.03%之氯化鈉水溶液評估磷酸鋁中不添加螯合劑所形成之絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性的結果;(b)係顯示以氯化鈉濃度0.2%之氯化鈉水溶液評估磷酸鋁中添加螯合劑所形成之絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性的結果。
[第6圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.9中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第7圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.10中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第8圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.15中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第9圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.20中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第10圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.2中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
[第11圖]係顯示實施例之試驗No.3中之塗膜厚度方向的元素濃度分布之圖。
1.關於絕緣塗膜
本發明之絕緣塗膜係形成於電磁鋼板之母材的表面者。針對前述母材之種類並無特別限制,可使用適合作為方向性電磁鋼板或無方向性電磁鋼板之母材所使用具有化學組成及金屬組織之鋼板。
前述絕緣塗膜係包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽。具體而言,作為多價金屬磷酸鹽係可列舉第一磷酸鋁、第一磷酸鋅、第一磷酸鎂及第一磷酸鈣。
但,絕緣塗膜僅包含上述之成分時,並無法得到充分的耐蝕性,尤其是在海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境,以及相當於亞熱帶及熱帶之高溫多濕環境中所必要的耐鏽性。因此,於前述絕緣塗膜中,在與前述母材之表面的界面,必須形成二價金屬之濃縮層。
可推測前述濃縮層係由於具有緻密的構造,強固地結合於多價金屬磷酸鹽之層與母材雙方,因此將絕緣塗膜之耐蝕性及密著性改善,結果大幅提昇耐蝕性。
但,前述濃縮層中所包含之前述二價金屬的濃縮量(於以下之說明中,亦僅稱為「濃縮量」)為未達0.010g/m2時,二價金屬螯合劑之反應層的連續性會喪失,而變成無法得到耐蝕性改善效果。另一方面,為了使前述濃縮量成為0.20g/m2以上,成本變成過高而經濟性惡化。因而,前述濃縮量係設為0.010g/m2以上未達0.20g/m2。前述濃縮量,就耐蝕性改善的觀點而言,較佳為0.020g/m2以上,就經濟性的觀點而言,較佳為0.10g/m2以下。
另外,本發明中,前述濃縮層中所包含之前述二價金屬的濃縮量係藉由以下的手法而求出。使用具體例詳細地說明。
首先,藉由輝光放電發光分光法(GDOES),測定絕緣塗膜中所包含之P及各金屬成分的深度方向之濃度分布。將測定結果之一例表示於第1圖及第2圖。於圖中,縱軸係元素之發光強度,橫軸係放電時間。發光強度
係與各元素之濃度成正比,放電時間係對應於表面起之深度方向位置。
於第1圖所示之例中,絕緣塗膜係包含第一磷酸鋁,並形成有Ca之濃縮層。於如此之情況中,可明確地區分來自於濃縮層之二價金屬的輪廓與來自於磷酸鹽之二價金屬的輪廓。
另一方面,於第2圖所示之例中,絕緣塗膜係包含第一磷酸鎂,並形成有Mg之濃縮層。於如此之情況中,如第3圖所示般,從Mg的深度方向之輪廓分離高斯函數近似之來自於濃縮層之Mg的峰值,並將其剩餘者作為來自磷酸鹽之Mg。
由藉由以上方法分離之濃度輪廓表示的曲線與縱軸與橫軸所包圍之面積(於圖中之SI及SC),可求出濃縮層中所包含之二價金屬的濃縮量與排除濃縮層之絕緣塗膜中所包含之二價金屬的量之比。
接著,藉由將於表面所形成的絕緣塗膜之特定面積的鋼板浸漬於熱鹼水溶液中,而僅將包含濃縮層之絕緣塗膜選擇性地完全溶解。並且,藉由使用電感式耦合電漿發光分光分析法(ICP-AES)分析塗膜溶解處理後之鹼水溶液,而求出每單位面積之絕緣塗膜中所包含的全二價金屬量MT(g/m2)。
濃縮層中所包含之二價金屬的濃縮量MT(g/m2)係可根據下述(i)式算出。
MI=MT×SI/(SI+SC)...(i)
但,式中之各符號的定義如下。
MI:濃縮層中所包含之二價金屬的濃縮量(g/m2)
MT:絕緣塗膜中所包含之全二價金屬量(g/m2)
SI:來自於濃縮層之濃度輪廓的面積
SC:排除濃縮層之來自於絕緣塗膜之濃度輪廓的面積
藉由使前述絕緣塗膜包含前述成分,並且具有前述濃縮層,而即使膜厚為薄,亦可得到優異的耐蝕性。
又,前述絕緣塗膜係進一步可含有有機樹脂。在對電磁鋼板施加衝孔加工時,若於絕緣塗膜中包含有機樹脂,則可控制衝孔模具的磨耗,而提昇衝孔工性。
針對有機樹脂之種類雖無特別限定,但較佳為水分散性者,可列舉例如:丙烯酸樹脂、丙烯酸苯乙烯樹脂、醇酸樹脂、聚酯樹脂、矽酮樹脂、氟樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、苯乙烯樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、胺基甲酸酯樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂等。
2.關於絕緣塗膜之製造方法
針對製造本發明之絕緣塗膜的方法雖沒有特別設限制,但例如藉由使用以下所示之方法,可製造具有上述構成的絕緣塗膜。
首先,製作混合了包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽水溶液、以及包含二價金屬之螯合化合物的塗佈液。接著,於電磁鋼板之母材
的表面塗佈前述塗佈液後進行焙燒,而形成絕緣塗膜。另外,於前述塗佈液中亦可如上述般地應需要而含有有機樹脂。
作為包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽水溶液,例如,可使用由第一磷酸鋁水溶液、第一磷酸鋅水溶液、第一磷酸鎂水溶液、第一磷酸鈣水溶液中選出的1種或2種以上複合含有而成之水溶液。
作為前述螯合化合物中所包含之二價金屬係可列舉由Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Zn等中選出的1種以上。又,作為螯合成分係可使用氧羧酸系、二羧酸系或膦酸系等之螯合劑。
作為氧羧酸系螯合劑係可例示蘋果酸、甘醇酸及乳酸。作為二羧酸系螯合劑係可例示草酸、丙二酸及琥珀酸。作為膦酸系螯合劑係可例示胺基三亞甲基膦酸、羥基亞乙基單膦酸及羥基亞乙基二膦酸。
另外,在使螯合化合物與磷酸鹽水溶液進行混合時,並非將二價金屬與螯合劑個別添加,較佳係添加事前先調合者。其原因在於,若將二價金屬與螯合劑個別添加時,則恐有構成磷酸鹽之金屬離子與螯合劑會進行反應,而使二價金屬螯合劑之濃縮層的形成變成不充分之虞。
可推測藉由於塗佈液中添加前述多價金屬磷酸鹽水溶液而包含前述螯合化合物,於焙燒過程中,二價
金屬M、螯合成分L及母材中之鐵成分Fe會進行反應,而於塗膜與母材之界面形成具有M-L-Fe鍵之二價金屬的濃縮層。
此時,為了使前述濃縮層之形成量成為既定的範圍,較佳係將二價金屬M之添加量m(mol)對於前述螯合化合物中的螯合成分L之添加量1(mol)的摻合比m/l設為適當的範圍。具體而言,得知藉由將前述摻合比m/l之值設為0.1~0.9之範圍內,使前述濃縮層良好地形成,而提昇絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性。
在前述摻合比m/l之值為超過0.9,亦即,於前述塗佈液中含有二價金屬與幾乎所有的螯合成分構成錯合物的接近飽和狀態之螯合化合物的情況,由於大部分的螯合化合物無法與母材中之Fe進行反應,因此難以形成具有M-L-Fe鍵之濃縮層。另一方面,在前述摻合比m/l之值為未達0.1的情況,螯合化合物係幾乎全量會與母材中之Fe進行反應,而形成LFe2,仍然會導致作為目的之具有M-L-Fe鍵之濃縮層減少。
針對前述塗佈液中之前述螯合化合物的量雖無特別限制,但在例如絕緣塗膜全體之形成量為1g/m2的情況,相對於多價金屬磷酸鹽(酐換算)與有機樹脂之合計量,只要添加1質量%以上之前述螯合化合物即可。
接著,針對適宜的塗佈條件及焙燒條件進行說明。塗佈液之焙燒係以250℃以上的溫度進行,將塗佈時之母材的溫度,例如從30℃左右的室溫至100℃為止之
平均昇溫速度(第1昇溫速度)設為8℃/秒以上,使從150℃至250℃為止之平均昇溫速度(第2昇溫速度)低於第1昇溫速度。另外,塗佈時之溫度實質上等於塗佈液之溫度。
螯合劑之會合的進行係只要塗佈液之流動性消失便不會產生。因而,為了盡可能地減低締合度,較佳係提高等於水的沸點之至100℃為止的第1昇溫速度。第1昇溫速度為未達8℃/秒時,由於昇溫中螯合劑的締合度會急遽地提高,因此難以產生交聯反應。因而,第1昇溫速度係設為8℃/秒以上。
磷酸鹽及螯合劑之交聯反應,以及螯合劑之分解及揮發係在150~250℃之溫度範圍內產生。因此,藉由使從150℃至250℃為止之第2昇溫速度縮小,而可一邊抑制螯合劑之分解一邊促進交聯反應。但,昇溫速度的降低有時會造成生產性的降低之情況。
另一方面,螯合劑之交聯反應係因前述之螯合劑的締合度而變化。因此,若提高第1昇溫速度,而縮小螯合劑之締合度,則即使提高第2昇溫速度,亦可促進磷酸鹽與螯合劑之交聯反應。另一方面,在第1昇溫速度為低,而螯合劑之締合度為大的情況,若不因應其而減低第2昇溫速度,則無法充分進行螯合劑與磷酸鹽之交聯反應。
依據本發明者們的探討,得知若第1昇溫速度為8℃/秒以上,第2昇溫速度低於第1昇溫速度,則磷
酸鹽與螯合劑之交聯反應會因應於螯合劑之締合度而進行,而可得到優異的耐鏽性。但,在第2昇溫速度過高的情況,例如,若超過18℃/秒,則即使第1昇溫速度為8℃/秒以上,交聯亦不會充分完成,而無法得到優異的耐鏽性。因而,第2昇溫速度較佳係設為18℃/秒以下。另一方面,第2昇溫速度越低則生產性越低,在未達5℃/秒時變得明顯。因而,第2昇溫速度較佳係設為5℃/秒以上。
3.關於耐鏽性之評估方法
本發明者們針對前述之可承受海上長距離輸送時,或者高溫濕潤氣候下之使用的電磁鋼板之耐鏽性的指標進行探討的結果,採用於具有絕緣塗膜之電磁鋼板的表面附著濃度不同之氯化鈉水溶液的液滴(0.5μL)並進行乾燥,將電磁鋼板在恆溫恆濕狀態(50℃、RH90%)保持既定時間(48小時),其後,調查絕緣塗膜之腐蝕狀態,並以鏽不發生的氯化鈉濃度進行評估的方法。
採用此評估方法的理由係如以下所述。
通常,於電磁鋼板之耐鏽性評估中目前係可使用依JIS K 2246所規定之濕潤試驗。此濕潤試驗係將電磁鋼板既定時間暴露於溫度49℃、相對濕度保持在95%以上之環境之後,觀察鋼板表面之鏽的發生狀態而進行評估的方法。
但,即使將濕潤試驗適用於具有絕緣塗膜的
電磁鋼板,多數的情況中,並無觀察到腐蝕。因此,難以利用濕潤試驗判斷海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境,以及相當於亞熱帶及熱帶的高溫多濕環境中之絕緣塗膜的耐鏽性之優劣。
另一方面,依JIS Z 2371所規定之鹽水噴霧試驗亦為一般的耐蝕性評估試驗。此試驗係在保持於35℃的恆溫槽中,以成為一定時間、既定噴霧量的方式調整5%氯化鈉水溶液之後,於既定時間在鋼板表面進行鹽水噴霧,其後,觀察鋼板中之鏽的發生狀態而進行評估的試驗。
若將鹽水噴霧試驗適用於具有絕緣塗膜之電磁鋼板,則雖會產生腐蝕,但鹽水噴霧試驗係絕緣塗膜恆常處於濕潤的狀態之試驗,且為想定在汽車之鹽害環境或海洋構造物等之漂浮鹽分為極多的環境下之腐蝕的試驗,因此,鹽水噴霧試驗之試驗環境係與陸地上之屋內倉庫或輸出時之船倉等的電磁鋼板之保管、輸送、使用環境不同。於專利文獻8記載之組合鹽水噴霧/濕潤/乾燥步驟組合而成的試驗中,若取出鹽水噴霧步驟則為相同。
在電磁鋼板之保管或使用時,浸漬於鹽水或者噴霧鹽水,表面完全浸潤鹽水的狀態係在通常之使用條件下不會發生。又,噴霧鹽水之腐蝕,與在陸地上之屋內倉庫或輸出時之船倉的腐蝕環境(乾燥與高濕度反覆的環境)下腐蝕時之鋼板表面的環境不同,伴隨其腐蝕機構亦不同。因而,鹽水噴霧及包含鹽水噴霧步驟的試驗並不適
於電磁鋼板之耐鏽性的評估。
本發明者們對可正當地評估電磁鋼板之耐鏽性的方法進行探討,確認前述方法,亦即,於具有絕緣塗膜之電磁鋼板的表面附著濃度不同之氯化鈉水溶液的液滴(0.5μL)並進行乾燥,將電磁鋼板在恆溫恆濕狀態(50℃、RH90%)保持既定時間(48小時),其後,調查絕緣塗膜之腐蝕狀態,並以鏽不發生的氯化鈉濃度進行評估的方法(耐鏽性試驗方法)為適當。
在高濃度之氯化鈉水溶液之液滴的情況,藉由附著氯化鈉水溶液之液滴並乾燥,乾燥附著有氯化鈉的部位被暴露在之後的濕潤步驟,而產生腐蝕。此試驗步驟係在鋼板之保管輸送時表面附著鹽,其後,在成為高濕度時鹽會潮解,依據情況而產生腐蝕之合乎實際的環境之手法。由於氯化鈉濃度的降低,並且鹽之附著量減少,因此鏽的發生程度輕微,最終不被視為鏽。可利用此鏽不被認定的上限之氯化鈉濃度,來定量地評估絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性。
第4圖表示絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性試驗的評估方法之一例。將氯化鈉濃度,以0.1%刻度來從1.0%逐漸減低至0.1%為止,以0.01%刻度從0.1%逐漸減低至0.01%為止,觀察在各濃度之鏽的發生狀態(腐蝕狀態)的結果。在第4圖所示之結果的情況,由於氯化鈉濃度在0.01%時無法觀察到鏽的發生,因此臨界氯化鈉濃度為0.01%。另外,此生鏽狀況係即使將恆溫恆濕槽之保持時
間從48小時起延長,亦可確認幾乎不變化。
以下,雖藉由實施例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並不限於此等之實施例。
[實施例]
將包含表1所示之成分的塗佈液以表1所示之條件塗佈於包含0.3質量%之Si的0.5mm厚之電磁鋼板的表面,然後進行焙燒,於兩面形成絕緣塗膜。其後,藉由GDOES及ICP-AES調查絕緣塗膜構造(濃縮層之有無)及濃縮量。進而,進行絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性及熔接性的評估。將結果彙整而表示於表1。為了比較,亦相同地製作鉻酸鹽絕緣塗膜,並進行評估。
濃縮量之測定係藉由以下之方法進行。首先,藉由GDOES測定絕緣塗膜中所包含之P及各金屬成分的深度方向之濃度分布。接著,針對濃縮層中之二價金屬,與除此以外之絕緣塗膜之二價金屬之各者,求出濃度輪廓所示之曲線與縱軸與橫軸所包圍的面積。另外,在磷酸鹽與螯合化合物中所包含之二價金屬為相同時,從濃縮層中之二價金屬的深度方向之輪廓分離高斯函數近似之來自於濃縮層之二價金屬的峰值,並將其剩餘者作為來自磷酸鹽之二價金屬。
接著,藉由將表面形成了絕緣塗膜之既定面積的鋼板浸漬於80℃之20%NaOH水溶液中30分鐘,母材並不溶解,而僅將包含濃縮層之絕緣塗膜選擇性地完全
溶解。其後,藉由使用電感式耦合電漿發光分光分析法(ICP-AES)來分析塗膜溶解處理後之NaOH水溶液,而求出每單位面積之絕緣塗膜中所包含的全二價金屬量(g/m2)。
接著,根據下述(i)式算出濃化層中所包含之二價金屬的濃縮量。
MI=MT×SI/(SI+SC)...(i)
但,式中之各符號的定義如下。
MI:濃縮層中所包含之二價金屬的濃縮量(g/m2)
MT:絕緣塗膜中所包含之全二價金屬量(g/m2)
SI:來自於濃縮層之濃度輪廓的面積
SC:排除濃縮層之來自於絕緣塗膜之濃度輪廓的面積
藉由以下之方法進行耐鏽性之評估係藉由以下方法進行。從形成了絕緣塗膜之無方向性電磁鋼板切取試驗片,於其表面附著0.001~1.0%之範圍的各種濃度之氯化鈉水溶液的液滴(0.5μL)並進行乾燥,其後,於保持恆溫恆濕狀態(50℃、RH90%)的槽內保持48小時,並觀察表面之腐蝕狀態。接著,將鏽不產生之最大氯化鈉濃度作為指標評估耐鏽性。
又,熔接性之評估係藉由以下之方法進行。於熔接電流120A、電極La-W(2.4mmΦ)、間隙1.5mm、Ar流量6L/分鐘、扭緊壓力50kg/cm2的條件,使熔接速度變化,求出不發生氣泡的最大熔接速度。接著,將該最大熔接速度作為指標評估熔接性。
另外,於本發明中於耐鏽性之評估時,在鏽不產生的最大氯化鈉濃度為0.2%以上之情況,判斷為耐鏽性優異。
[表1]
由表1可知於本發明例之試驗編號1~7中,耐鏽性明顯優異。於發明例中,0.5g/m2(約0.2μm)之薄的膜厚,亦即,與鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同程度的膜厚,可確保同等以上之優異的耐鏽性。再者,可知由於可將膜厚減薄,因此,熔接性亦與以往之鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同等。
相對於此,於塗佈液中不添加螯合化合物的比較例之試驗編號8~11中,由於不形成二價金屬之濃縮層,因此,無論將絕緣塗膜之膜厚增厚與否,皆成為耐鏽性差的結果。再者,關於試驗No.8、9及11係由於膜厚為厚,而成為熔接性惡化的結果。
於試驗No.12及13中,分別是起因於螯合化合物之摻合比m/l之值為過小及過大,而使濃縮量成為不充分。於試驗No.14中係起因於塗佈液中之螯合化合物的添加量不充分,而變成濃縮量不充分。再者,於試驗No.15~18中,由於焙燒時之昇溫條件為不適當,因此,使濃縮量成為不充分。
又,於試驗No.19及20中,起因於將二價金屬與螯合成分個別地添加於磷酸鹽水溶液中,而使濃縮量成為不充分。接著,濃縮量為不充分的試驗No.12~20係任一者皆成為耐鏽性差的結果。
第5圖表示使用上述之耐鏽性試驗,調查存在於與絕緣塗膜之母材的界面附近之二價金屬濃縮層對耐鏽性造成的影響之結果的一例。於第5圖(a)係表示以氯化鈉濃度0.03%之氯化鈉水溶液評估於磷酸鋁中不添加螯
合化合物所形成之試驗No.8中的絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性的結果;於第5圖(b)係顯示以氯化鈉濃度0.2%之氯化鈉水溶液評估於磷酸鋁中添加包含Zn作為二價金屬之螯合化合物所形成之試驗No.1中的絕緣塗膜之耐鏽性的結果。
於磷酸鋁中不添加螯合化合物所形成之絕緣塗膜中,以氯化鈉濃度0.03%之氯化鈉水溶液,大幅發生鏽,另一方面,於磷酸鋁中添加包含Zn作為二價金屬之螯合化合物所形成之絕緣塗膜中,以氯化鈉濃度0.2%之氯化鈉水溶液,鏽幾乎未發生鏽。
又,第6圖~第11圖分別顯示比較例之試驗No.9、10、15及20,以及本發明例之試驗No.2及3中之深度分析的結果之圖。
於塗佈液中不添加螯合化合物之試驗No.9及10中,如第6圖及第7圖所示般,無法確認到二價金屬之峰值。又,雖添加了螯合化合物,但製造條件為不適當的試驗No.15及20中,如第8圖及第9圖所示般,雖確認到二價金屬之峰值,但僅些微。
相對於此等,於滿足本發明之規定的試驗No.2及3中,如第10圖及第11圖所示般,可清楚地確認了二價金屬之峰值。
[產業上之可利用性]
依據本發明,由於即使為與鉻酸鹽系絕緣塗膜同程度之膜厚,亦可確保優異的耐鏽性,因此,可得到
熔接性及鉚接性優異的環境保全型之電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜。因而,形成了本發明之絕緣塗膜的電磁鋼板係適於在海上輸送時之高漂浮鹽分環境,以及相當於亞熱帶及熱帶之高溫多濕環境中使用者。
Claims (2)
- 一種電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,其係形成於電磁鋼板之母材的表面之絕緣塗膜,包含由Al、Zn、Mg及Ca中選出的1種以上之多價金屬磷酸鹽,於與前述母材之表面的界面,具有二價金屬之濃縮層,前述濃縮層中所包含之前述二價金屬的濃縮量係0.01g/m2以上且未達0.2g/m2。
- 如請求項1之電磁鋼板之絕緣塗膜,其中,前述絕緣塗膜係進一步含有有機樹脂。
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