RU2617819C2 - Gypsum plate and method of its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: gypsum plate is presented as a hard compacted web with fibrous filler, preferably from rye, or rice, or reed straw stalks, at the following ratio, wt %: gypsum binder of the brand G-5 BII 71-80, straw (fiber) 10-15, the modifier (MG-2) 10-14.

EFFECT: increasing the strength, water resistance.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the production of non-toxic mineral binder boards and can be used for the manufacture of heat and sound insulating and finishing materials used in the construction of residential and industrial premises.

The technical task of this proposal is to obtain a durable, moisture-resistant gypsum board used for fixed facade and internal formwork, reducing the cost of construction, minimizing the cost of building materials and increasing the service life and work efficiency

A known raw material mixture for the manufacture of gypsum boards by hot pressing, including gypsum-containing raw materials, fiber aggregate and water, while it contains phosphogypsum or natural two-water gypsum as gypsum-containing raw materials, chopped wood waste is used as fiber filler, in the following ratio of components, parts by weight .:

Phosphogypsum or natural two-water gypsum 150-570 Shredded wood waste one hundred Water 90-290

A known method of manufacturing gypsum boards, including mixing gypsum-containing raw materials with fiber aggregate and water, molding the carpet with prepress and hot pressing, characterized in that the pressing is carried out at 150-170 ° C and a pressure of 6-9 MPa for 1-2 minutes per mm the thickness of the plate, and the pressure relief is carried out at a speed of 2-3 MPa / min (RU, No. 2065421, class С04В 28/14, from 08.20.1996).

Known gypsum chipboard, consisting of building gypsum up to 80%, sawdust 10-15%, hydrophobic additives up to 5%, having the shape of a quadrangular solid gypsum sheet with a length of 1 m to 4 m, a width of 50 cm to 3 m, a thickness of 8 mm to 3 cm, characterized in that the front surface of the plate is not smooth, but has decorative gypsum molding in the form of patterns of bark beetles, stars and other options having decorative gypsum molding (RU, No. 2011106049. Date of application publication: 27.08.2012, IPC E04C 2/10).

Known invention, which relates to a building board, primarily for use in dry construction. A building board, primarily for use in dry construction, is characterized by the following features: a matrix of hardened, inorganic binders in the form of Portland cement; particles of expanded perlite are introduced into the matrix from an astringent; hydrophobizing agent is applied to the particles of expanded perlite; an inert filler is introduced into the matrix of the binder; the inert filler has a dry bulk density that is higher than the dry bulk density of the hydrophobized expanded perlite; the mass fraction of hydrophobized expanded perlite is from 3 to 30 weight. %; particles of hydrophobized expanded perlite have a size of from 1 to 6 mm; mass fraction of inert filler is from 40 to 60 weight. %; mass fraction of water (residual moisture) is from 5 to 20 weight. % Effect: obtaining a building board of adjustable density with increased crack resistance.

The prior art mass hydrophobization of solutions of binders, for example, from EP 0829459 B1, to reduce the penetration of moisture from a solution of binders in the absorbent components of the solution of binders. However, with the help of mass hydrophobization, it is impossible to prevent the penetration of moisture, especially the mixing water of the binder solution into expanded perlite, in a sufficient amount. Such a lightweight building board no longer has the necessary physical strength. Also, such too lightweight building boards can be torn off by the wind from the outside of buildings (KNAUF RU 2434823, IPC С04В 28/04. Published: 11/27/2011).

1. Building board, primarily for use in dry construction, with the following features:

a matrix of hardened inorganic binders in the form of Portland cement;

particles of expanded perlite are introduced into the matrix from an astringent;

hydrophobizing agent is applied to the particles of expanded perlite;

an inert filler is introduced into the matrix of the binder;

the inert filler has a dry bulk density that is higher than the dry bulk density of the hydrophobized expanded perlite;

the mass fraction of hydrophobized expanded perlite is from 3 to 30 weight. %;

particles of hydrophobized expanded perlite have a size of from 1 to 6 mm;

mass fraction of inert filler is from 40 to 60 weight. %;

mass fraction of water (residual moisture) is from 5 to 20 weight. %

A building board according to claim 1, wherein the expanded perlite particles have a size in the range of 0.1 mm to 3 mm.

The building board according to claim 1, in which a hydrophobizing agent in the form of silicone, primarily in the form of silicone oil, is applied to the particles of expanded perlite.

A building board according to claim 1 with an inert filler in the form of stone flour, primarily in the form of limestone flour.

A building board according to claim 1, the components of which are in the range of the following mass fractions: astringent in the range from 10 to 40 weight. %;

pozzolanic or latent hydraulic substance from 0 to 20 weight. %

A building board according to claim 1, with a dry bulk density of hydrophobized expanded perlite in the range of 50 to 150 kg / m ³ and a dry bulk density of inert filler in the range of 150 to 1500 kg / m ³ . (KNAUF, RU 2434823 IPC С04В 28/04. Published: 11/27/2011).

The closest technical solution is the invention, which relates to a method for the manufacture of gypsum boards and can be used in industry and civil engineering. The inventive method for the manufacture of gypsum boards involves mixing gypsum-containing raw materials with pulp, casting the web from the resulting mixture, hot pressing at 115-180 ° C until the two-water gypsum becomes semi-aqueous, cooling and impregnating an aqueous solution of urea resin with an oligomer content of 30-50% . The bending strength of the plates is 22 MPa, water absorption is 3% (RU, No. 1773891, IPC 5, С04В 28/14, С04В 26/12, 1987).

However, this technical solution is not effective enough in operation due to its limited service life.

The technical task of the proposed invention is to obtain a durable, moisture-resistant gypsum board used for fixed facade and internal formwork, reducing the cost of construction, minimizing the cost of building materials and increasing the service life and work efficiency.

The technical problem is ensured by the fact that the gypsum board contains composite building material, presented in the form of a hard pressed canvas, which includes the following components: gypsum, gypsum modifier and a fiber-reinforced, moisture-free filler, mainly from stalks of rye straw or rice, or reeds, while the canvas plate is selected with the following content of components, wt. %:

Gypsum G-5 BII 71-80 Straw (fiber) 10-15 Modifier (MG-2) 10-14

A method of manufacturing a gypsum board, characterized in that, at the first stage of manufacture, the fiber aggregate is prepared from a waterproof, non-absorbent material, mainly from stalks of rye straw, rice or bulrush, which are cut into fiber, preferably equal to 1-3 cm, and sieved, separating illiquid material, after which gypsum-containing raw materials are loaded into a continuous or batch mixer along with fibrous aggregate, gypsum modifier and mixing water, they are mixed until a homogeneous mixture is reached, then the finished mass is laid with an even carpet on flat sheets formed in stacked packages, and pressed under pressure up to 9 MPa, after which the package of forming devices together with the finished products are fixed in a compressed state with holding within 40 minutes and when the forming strength is reached, the finished products are disassembled, trimmed, stored and dried in natural conditions.

Claims (3)

1. Gypsum fiber board, characterized in that it contains a composite building material, presented in the form of a hard pressed canvas, which includes the following components at their next content, wt. %: Gypsum binder grade G-5 BII 71-80 Straw (fiber) 10-15 Modifier (MG-2) 10-14 2. A method of manufacturing a gypsum board according to claim 1, characterized in that, at the first stage of manufacture, the fiber aggregate is prepared from a waterproof, non-absorbent material, mainly from stalks of rye straw, rice or bulrush, which are cut into fiber, preferably equal to 1- 3 cm, and sieved, separating illiquid material, after which gypsum-containing raw materials are loaded into the continuous or batch mixer along with fibrous aggregate, gypsum modifier and mixing water they are mixed until a homogeneous mixture is reached, then the finished mass is laid with an even carpet on flat sheets formed in stacked packages, and pressed under pressure up to 9 MPa, after which the package of forming devices together with the finished products are fixed in a compressed state with holding for up to 40 minutes and upon reaching the forming strength carry out the dismantling of finished products, cutting, warehousing and drying in natural conditions.