RU2598389C1 - Reinforced gypsum-modified mineral plate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of non-toxic plates based on mineral binder and they can be applied to making heat insulation and finishing materials used in construction of residential and industrial premises. Reinforced gypsum-modified mineral plate comprises composite structural material, presented in form of rigid molded web consisting of gypsum, fine expanded clay, and structure forming gypsum-modifying binder, wherein plate is reinforced with glass mesh and additionally at one side - with glass fibre canvas; plate is selected with following ratio, wt.%: gypsum G-5 BII 65-80, MG-2 (gypsum modifier) 15-20, expanded clay 4-13, polycarboxylate plasticiser 0.3-0.9, antifoaming agent 0.2-0.5, fibre 0.5-0.6.

EFFECT: production of heat insulation and finishing materials used in construction of residential and industrial premises.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of non-toxic mineral binder boards and can be used for the manufacture of heat and sound insulating and finishing materials used in the construction of residential and industrial premises.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing gypsum boards, a method for manufacturing gypsum boards involves mixing gypsum-containing raw materials with pulp, casting the web from the resulting mixture, hot pressing at 115-180 ° C until the two-water gypsum becomes semi-aqueous, cooling and impregnating an aqueous solution of urea resin with an oligomer content of 30 -50%, Plate strength at bending 22 MPa, water absorption 3%. (RU No. 1773891, class С04В 28/14 dated 11/07/1992 It is known to manufacture non-toxic mineral binder boards for heat and sound insulation and decoration during the construction of residential and industrial premises. The raw material mixture for the manufacture of gypsum fiber boards by hot pressing includes, by weight, phosphogypsum or natural two-water gypsum 150-170, ground wood waste 100, water 90-290. A method of manufacturing gypsum boards includes mixing gypsum-containing raw materials with fiber aggregate and water, forming a carpet with pre-pressing and hot pressing at 150-170 ° C and a pressure of 6-9 MPa for 1-2 min per mm of plate thickness, and the pressure is released at a speed of 2-3 MPa / min. The manufactured plates are characterized by a density of 1.15-1.3 g / cm ³ , bending strength 5.5-6.4 MPa, swelling for 24 hours in water 3-9%. (RU No. 2065421, CL 04/28/14 from 08/20/1996)

Known gypsum chipboard, consisting of building gypsum up to 80%, sawdust 10-15%, hydrophobic additives up to 5%, having the shape of a quadrangular solid gypsum sheet with a length of 1 m to 4 m, a width of 50 cm to 3 m, a thickness of 8 mm to 3 cm, characterized in that the front surface of the plate is not smooth, but has decorative gypsum molding in the form of patterns of bark beetles, stars and other variants having decorative gypsum molding. (RU, No. 2011106049 Application publication date: 08/27/2012, IPC Е04С 2/10) Use: production of non-toxic mineral binder boards for thermal and acoustic insulation and decoration during the construction of residential and industrial premises. The invention relates to dry building mixtures and a method for producing lightweight concrete for the manufacture of heat-insulating materials used in housing construction. Dry building mixture includes, by weight. %: gypsum binder - building gypsum 73.0-85.0, hydrated lime 10.0-16.0, polycarboxylate - at least one selected from the group: sodium polycarboxylate, polycarboxylate Melflux 1641F, GP-1, Sika ViskoCrete 225P and BPS BV T / C 1.3-3.0, carboxymethyl cellulose 3.0-5.6, aluminum sulfate 0.4-0.9, sodium gluconate 0.3-1.5, and it is obtained by mixing these components in a disintegration mixer for 2-3 minutes at a speed of rotation of the mixer 2500-3000 rpm A method of using said mixture is characterized in that it is added to a light porous aggregate of a fraction of less than 5 mm with a ratio by weight of said aggregate to dry construction mixture in the range of 1.8-6.4, and the aggregate is pre-moistened with water taken from the calculation of the gypsum ratio in the range of 0.32-0.59. EFFECT: reduced energy consumption during drying, low consumption of binder material, increased strength, water resistance and thermal stability of the obtained heat-insulating material. The inventions are developed in the dependent claims. No. 2404146 С04В 11/00 11/20/2010 Gypsum particle board-3D, consisting of building gypsum up to 80%, sawdust 10-15%, hydrophobic additives up to 5%, having the shape of a quadrangular solid gypsum sheet from 1 m to 4 m long, wide from 50 cm to 3 m, thickness from 8 mm to 3 cm, characterized in that the front surface of the plate is not smooth, but has decorative plaster molding in the form of drawings of bark beetles, stars and other variants having decorative plaster molding. 2. Gypsum-foam polystyrene plate, consisting of building gypsum from 30-60%, sawdust from 3-10%, polystyrene granules from 30-70%, hydrophobic additives up to 5%, building mesh one layer on the front and inner surface of the plate, plate has the shape of a quadrangular gypsum sheet with a length of 1 m to 4 m, a width of 50 cm to 3 m, a thickness of 8 mm to 10 cm, characterized in that the front surface of the plate is not paper, but smooth, gypsum, and the inner surface is smooth gypsum. 3. Gypsum-foam polystyrene plate-3D, consisting of building gypsum from 30-60%, sawdust from 3-10%, polystyrene granules from 30-70%, hydrophobic additives up to 5%, building mesh one layer on the front and inner surface of the plate , the plate has the shape of a quadrangular solid gypsum sheet with a length of 1 m to 4 m, a width of 50 cm to 3 m, a thickness of 8 mm to 10 cm, characterized in that the front surface of the plate is not paper, but has decorative plaster molding in the form of drawings bark beetle, sprockets and other options having decorative gypsum cast f, as well as the inner surface of the plate is smooth gypsum. (RU No. 2011106049, class Е04С 2/10 08/27/2012 Dry mortar, including gypsum binder - gypsum, slaked lime, polycarboxylate, aluminum sulfate, characterized in that it contains at least one selected from the group as polycarboxylate sodium polycarboxylate, polycarboxylate Melflux 1641F, GP-1, Sika ViskoCrete 225P and BPS BV T / C and optionally carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium gluconate in the following ratio, wt.%:

Gypsum plaster 73.0-85.0 Slaked lime 10.0-16.0 Specified Polycarboxylate 1.3-3.0 Carboxymethyl cellulose 3.0-5.6 Aluminum sulphate 0.4-0.9 Sodium Gluconate 0.3-1.5

obtained by mixing these components in a disintegration mixer for 2-3 minutes at a speed of rotation of the mixer 2500-3000 rpm

2. The mixture according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains polycarboxylates GP-1, Sika Visko Crete 225P and BPS BV T / C in a weight ratio of 3: 1: 2.

3. The method of using the mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that said mixture is added to a lightweight porous aggregate of a fraction of less than 5 mm with a ratio by weight of said aggregate to dry construction mixture in the range of 1.8-6.4, wherein the aggregate is pre-moistened with water taken from the calculation of the gypsum ratio in the range of 0.32-0.59.

4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that as the indicated aggregate, expanded clay sand, wood chips, expanded vermiculite, perlite, sawdust, granulated slag, granulated tripoli, crushed cellular concrete, granulated polystyrene foam, chopped straw or crushed foam ceramics are used. No. 2404146 С04В 11/00 11/20/2010

The closest technical solution is the invention, which relates to a building board, primarily for use in dry construction. A building board, primarily for use in dry construction, is characterized by the following features: a matrix of hardened, inorganic binders in the form of Portland cement; particles of expanded perlite are introduced into the matrix from an astringent; hydrophobizing agent is applied to the particles of expanded perlite; an inert filler is introduced into the matrix of the binder; the inert filler has a dry bulk density that is higher than the dry bulk density of the hydrophobized expanded perlite; the mass fraction of hydrophobized expanded perlite is from 3 to 30 weight. %; particles of hydrophobized expanded perlite have a size of from 1 to 6 mm; mass fraction of inert filler is from 40 to 60 weight. %; mass fraction of water (residual moisture) is from 5 to 20 weight. % Effect: obtaining a building board of adjustable density with increased crack resistance. (RU, class С04В 28/04 dated 03/20/2010) The disadvantage of this design is the lack of water resistance and, as a consequence, the limited lifespan. The technical result of the proposed plate is to increase water resistance and increase the service life. The technical problem is ensured by the fact that the reinforced gypsum-modified mineral slab contains composite building material, presented in the form of a rigid molded cloth consisting of gypsum, fine-grained expanded clay and forming the structure of gypsum-modifying binder, and the slab is reinforced with a glass mesh and, additionally, on one of the sides - fiberglass.

2. Reinforced gypsum-modified mineral plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate canvas is selected with the following content of components, mass. %

Plaster G-5 BP 65-80 MG-2 (gypsum modifier) 15-20 Expanded clay 4-13 Polycarboxylate plasticizer 0.3-0.9 Antifoam agent 0.2-0.5 Fiberglass 0.5-0.6

The manufacturing process of a waterproof plate begins with the preparation of a mixture according to the recipe. The mixture is fed to a continuous or batch mixer, water is also poured there, as well as other components - gypsum raw materials, gypsum modifier, fine-grained expanded clay and fiber, preferably polypropylene fiber, where the molding mixture is prepared. From the mixer, the composition is fed to the unit for forming the product carpet, for example, the product carpet in the form of a slab or building cloth, then to the device for molding and compacting the formed product, where the mixture is laid on a pre-lubricated formwork. In stand-alone mode, the fiberglass mesh is laid out from a bay located above the line table, after which the mixture is laid and leveled, a second layer of fiberglass mesh is laid on top, as well as a layer of non-woven fabric, with roller levelers, the fiberglass and fiberglass are evenly pressed into the mass of the carpet material, while moving along a conveyor in front of the drying unit is installed elevator cassette collection, which directs the product to the drying unit and the cutting unit of the finished product. At the end of the line, an elevator cassette with a 20-sheet cassette is installed, after filling, the cassette is moved to the strength zone and covered with a thick cloth (at a temperature of at least 15 ° C, optimally 25-35 ° C, setting time 40-70 min., Full cure 4 -6 hours) After curing, the sheets are cut, calibrated, packaged and stored. Sheets are produced up to 1.3 m wide, from 4 to 60 mm thick, from 2.0 to 3.0 m long. Reinforcement - with a fiberglass mesh with a 4 × 4 or 5 × 5 mesh. The transition from one type of product to another is carried out within 30 minutes by adjusting the clearances of the leveling shafts and changing the roll materials.

Claims (2)

1. Reinforced gypsum-modified mineral slab, characterized in that it contains a composite building material, presented in the form of a rigid molded canvas consisting of gypsum, fine-grained expanded clay and forming a gypsum-modifying binder structure, the plate being reinforced with a glass mesh and, additionally, on one of the sides, fiberglass. 2. Reinforced gypsum-modified mineral plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate canvas is selected with the following content of components, wt. %:
Gypsum G-5 BII 65-80 MG-2 (gypsum modifier) 15-20 Expanded clay 4-13 Polycarboxylate plasticizer 0.3-0.9 Antifoam agent 0.2-0.5 Fiberglass 0.5-0.6