KR940014263A - 산화실리콘막 형성방법 - Google Patents
산화실리콘막 형성방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR940014263A KR940014263A KR1019930027161A KR930027161A KR940014263A KR 940014263 A KR940014263 A KR 940014263A KR 1019930027161 A KR1019930027161 A KR 1019930027161A KR 930027161 A KR930027161 A KR 930027161A KR 940014263 A KR940014263 A KR 940014263A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- silicon oxide
- substrate
- solvent
- silsesquioxane resin
- forming
- Prior art date
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 9
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 229920003209 poly(hydridosilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/25—Oxides by deposition from the liquid phase
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/30—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5035—Silica
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1212—Zeolites, glasses
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/122—Inorganic polymers, e.g. silanes, polysilazanes, polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1275—Process of deposition of the inorganic material performed under inert atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1279—Process of deposition of the inorganic material performed under reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmospheres
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
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- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
- H01L21/02134—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC the material comprising hydrogen silsesquioxane, e.g. HSQ
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- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02164—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon oxide, e.g. SiO2
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/312—Organic layers, e.g. photoresist
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
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- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
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- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
- H01L21/02216—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
기판의 표면상의 두꺼운 산화 실리콘 막의 형성 방법은 기판의 표면상에 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지막을 형성하는 단계와, 산화 실리콘 생성물내의 실리콘 결합 수소 원자의 함유량이 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지내의 실리콘 결합 수소 원자의 함유량의 80% 이하에 도달할때까지는 불활성 가스 분위기에서 250℃ 내지 500℃(단, 500℃ 포함하지 않음)의 온도로 수지막이 형성되어 있는기판을 가열함으로써 수소 실세스퀴옥산을 세라믹 형태의 산화 실리콘으로 변환하는 단계를 포함한다.
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
Claims (5)
- 기판의 표면상에 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지막을 형성하는 단계와, 산화 실리콘 생성물내의 실리콘 결합 수소 원자의 함유량이 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지내의 살리콘 결합 수소 원자의 함유량이 80% 이하에 도달할때까지 불활성 가스 분위기에서 250℃ 내지 500℃(단, 500℃ 포함하지 않음)의 온도로 수지막의 형성된 기판을 가열함으로써 수소 실레스퀴옥산 수지를 세라믹 형태의 산화 실리콘으로 변화시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화 실리콘 막 형성 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지막은, 수소 실세스퀴옥산 수지의 유기 용제 용액을 제공하고, 상기 용액을 스핀-코팅, 스프레잉 및 함침중 선택중 방법으로 적용시켜서, 용제를 제거함으로써 기판 표면상에 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화 실리콘 막 형성 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 용제는 향료 용제, 지방성 용제, 케톤 용제, 에스테르 용제와 실리콘 용제로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화 실리콘 막 형성 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 기판은 유리 기판, 세라믹 기판, 금속 기판과 반도체 장치로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화 실리콘 막 형성 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 불활성 가스는 니트로겐, 아르곤, 헬륨과 네온중에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 산화 실리콘 막 형성 방법.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP35273592A JP3174416B2 (ja) | 1992-12-10 | 1992-12-10 | 酸化ケイ素膜の形成方法 |
JP92-352735 | 1992-12-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR940014263A true KR940014263A (ko) | 1994-07-18 |
KR100282684B1 KR100282684B1 (ko) | 2001-03-02 |
Family
ID=18426081
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930027161A KR100282684B1 (ko) | 1992-12-10 | 1993-12-10 | 산화 실리콘막 형성방법 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5370904A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0604779B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3174416B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100282684B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69309634T2 (ko) |
TW (1) | TW247367B (ko) |
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JP3070450B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-14 | 2000-07-31 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 多層配線形成法 |
JP3149739B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-14 | 2001-03-26 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 多層配線形成法 |
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JP3123449B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-01 | 2001-01-09 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 多層配線形成法 |
JP3082688B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-05 | 2000-08-28 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 配線形成法 |
JP3225872B2 (ja) | 1996-12-24 | 2001-11-05 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 酸化シリコン膜形成法 |
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US5906859A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 1999-05-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method for producing low dielectric coatings from hydrogen silsequioxane resin |
US6136729A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-10-24 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method for improving semiconductor dielectrics |
US6197703B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2001-03-06 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Apparatus and method for manufacturing semiconductors using low dielectric constant materials |
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-
1992
- 1992-12-10 JP JP35273592A patent/JP3174416B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-10-29 US US08/148,744 patent/US5370904A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-10 TW TW082109440A patent/TW247367B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-03 EP EP93119492A patent/EP0604779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-03 DE DE69309634T patent/DE69309634T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-10 KR KR1019930027161A patent/KR100282684B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69309634T2 (de) | 1997-10-16 |
JP3174416B2 (ja) | 2001-06-11 |
US5370904A (en) | 1994-12-06 |
DE69309634D1 (de) | 1997-05-15 |
EP0604779A1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
JPH06177122A (ja) | 1994-06-24 |
KR100282684B1 (ko) | 2001-03-02 |
TW247367B (ko) | 1995-05-11 |
EP0604779B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
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