KR102424398B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 양극, 그 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함한 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 양극, 그 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함한 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102424398B1 KR102424398B1 KR1020200124255A KR20200124255A KR102424398B1 KR 102424398 B1 KR102424398 B1 KR 102424398B1 KR 1020200124255 A KR1020200124255 A KR 1020200124255A KR 20200124255 A KR20200124255 A KR 20200124255A KR 102424398 B1 KR102424398 B1 KR 102424398B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- particle diameter
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- active material
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 14
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007557 optical granulometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IWTZGPIJFJBSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-G aluminum;cobalt(2+);nickel(2+);heptahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Ni+2] IWTZGPIJFJBSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium chloro(dioxido)borane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])Cl PWRLWCQANJNXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010294 electrolyte impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide Substances NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 합성예 2에 따른 소입경 단일 입자의 주사전자현미경 (scanning electron microscope, SEM) 사진이다.
도 3은 실시예 1에 따라 대입경 이차 입자와 소입경 단일 입자가 혼합되어 있는 양극 활물질의 SEM 사진이다.
도 4는 실시예 1에 따른 양극에 대한 X선 회절 (X-ray Diffraction, XRD) 분석 그래프이다.
대입경 이차 입자 | 소입경 단일 입자 | 합제 밀도 (g/cc) | |
실시예 1 | 합성예 1 | 합성예 2 | 3.49 |
실시예 2 | 합성예 1 | 합성예 2 | 3.65 |
실시예 3 | 합성예 1 | 합성예 3 | 3.65 |
비교예 1 | 합성예 1 | 합성예 2 | 3.23 |
비교예 2 | 합성예 1 | 합성예 2 | 3.35 |
비교예 3 | 합성예 1 | 비교합성예1 | 3.65 |
비교예 4 | - | 합성예 2 | 3.35 |
비교예 5 | - | 합성예 2 | 3.49 |
(003)면의 회절 피크 강도 |
(004)면의 회절 피크 강도 |
강도비(I(003)/I(104)) | |
실시예 1 | 176742.2 | 51528.3 | 3.43 |
실시예 2 | 195973.0 | 45051.3 | 4.35 |
실시예 3 | 186255.5 | 47153.3 | 3.95 |
비교예 1 | 142423.4 | 56072.2 | 2.54 |
비교예 2 | 145448.5 | 51945.9 | 2.8 |
비교예 3 | 187542.4 | 64669.8 | 2.9 |
가스 발생량 dV(cc/g) | ||||
3일 후 | 6일 후 | 9일 후 | 12일 후 | |
실시예 1 | 0.5 | 1.15 | 4.1 | 7.33 |
실시예 2 | 0.4 | 1.21 | 3.25 | 6.13 |
실시예 3 | 0.42 | 1.34 | 3.56 | 6.53 |
비교예 1 | 0.65 | 2.23 | 4.5 | 12.5 |
비교예 2 | 0.7 | 1.76 | 5.15 | 9.5 |
비교예 3 | 0.65 | 1.88 | 6.17 | 15 |
0.1C | 0.2C | |||||
충전용량 (mAh/g) |
방전용량 (mAh/g) |
효율 (%) |
충전용량 (mAh/g) |
방전용량 (mAh/g) |
효율 (%) |
|
실시예 1 | 236.2 | 215.9 | 91.4 | 234.5 | 208.2 | 88.8 |
실시예 2 | 236.0 | 215.2 | 91.2 | 234.4 | 207.9 | 88.7 |
실시예 3 | 234.9 | 214.5 | 91.3 | 233.2 | 207.4 | 88.9 |
비교예 4 | 227.1 | 190.8 | 84.0 | 226.4 | 188.3 | 83.2 |
비교예 5 | 226.9 | 191.6 | 84.5 | 226.6 | 188.8 | 83.3 |
50th 사이클에서 용량 유지율 (%) |
||
25℃ | 45℃ | |
실시예 1 | 96.5 | 94.3 |
실시예 2 | 97.3 | 95.6 |
실시예 3 | 97.4 | 95.6 |
비교예 1 | 88.2 | 83.3 |
비교예 2 | 90.3 | 85.5 |
비교예 3 | 87.5 | 84.2 |
비교예 4 | 96.6 | 93.2 |
비교예 5 | 95.1 | 92.1 |
13: 양극 14: 세퍼레이터
15: 전지 케이스 16: 캡 어셈블리
Claims (14)
- 니켈계 리튬 전이금속 산화물로서 입경이 1 ㎛ 내지 6 ㎛인 소입경 단일 입자, 및
니켈계 리튬 전이금속 산화물로서 입경이 12 ㎛ 내지 20 ㎛이고, 입경이 20 nm 내지 500 nm인 일차 입자들이 응집된 형태인 대입경 이차 입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하고,
X선 회절의 (003)면과 (104)면의 회절 피크 강도비(I(003)/I(104))가 3 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제1항에서,
상기 X선 회절의 (003)면과 (104)면의 회절 피크 강도비(I(003)/I(104))가 3.4 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제1항에서,
상기 소입경 단일 입자와 대입경 이차 입자는 10:90 내지 60:40의 중량비로 포함되는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제1항에서,
상기 소입경 단일 입자의 입경은 3 ㎛ 내지 6 ㎛인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제1항에서,
상기 대입경 이차 입자는 전이금속 총량 100 몰%에 대하여 90 몰% 이상의 니켈을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제1항에서,
상기 대입경 이차 입자는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극:
[화학식 1]
LiaNixQ1 1-xO2
상기 화학식 1에서,
0.9 ≤ a ≤ 1.05, 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 0.98, Q1는 Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Ca, B, V, Mg, Nb, Rb, Mo, Ta, W, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, La, Ce, Pr, Sn, Zr, Te, Ru, Ti, Pb 및 Hf에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이다.
- 제1항에서,
상기 소입경 단일 입자는 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 화합물인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극:
[화학식 2]
LibNiyQ2 1-yO2
상기 화학식 2에서,
0.9 ≤ b ≤ 1.05, 0.3 ≤ y ≤ 0.98, Q2는 Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Ca, B, V, Mg, Nb, Rb, Mo, Ta, W, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, La, Ce, Pr, Sn, Zr, Te, Ru, Ti, Pb 및 Hf에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소이다.
- 제1항에서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 양극의 합제 밀도는 3.4 g/cc 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 및 제7항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 니켈계 리튬 전이금속 산화물로서 입경이 1 ㎛ 내지 6 ㎛인 소입경 단일 입자, 및 니켈계 리튬 전이금속 산화물로서 입경이 12 ㎛ 내지 20 ㎛이고, 입경이 20 nm 내지 500 nm인 일차 입자들이 응집된 형태인 대입경 이차 입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질을 준비하고,
상기 양극 활물질과 도전제 및 바인더를 용매에서 혼합하여 양극 활물질 슬러리를 준비하고,
상기 양극 활물질 슬러리를 집전체에 도포한 후 건조하여 양극을 준비하고, 그리고
상기 양극을 3.4 g/cc이상의 밀도로 압연하고,
제1항 내지 제4항 및 제7항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 양극을 수득하는 것을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 제12항에서,
상기 양극 활물질에서 상기 소입경 단일 입자와 상기 대입경 이차 입자는 10:90 내지 60:40의 중량비로 포함되는 이차 전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 제12항에서,
상기 양극 활물질 슬러리를 준비하는 것은 상기 양극 활물질 90 내지 98 중량%, 상기 도전제 1 내지 5 중량%, 및 상기 바인더 1 내지 5 중량%를 혼합하는 것인 이차 전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
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