KR101512573B1 - 리튬 이온 2차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이온 2차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101512573B1 KR101512573B1 KR1020137001425A KR20137001425A KR101512573B1 KR 101512573 B1 KR101512573 B1 KR 101512573B1 KR 1020137001425 A KR1020137001425 A KR 1020137001425A KR 20137001425 A KR20137001425 A KR 20137001425A KR 101512573 B1 KR101512573 B1 KR 101512573B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- ion secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 oxo acid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000623 Cellulose acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910016365 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006025 NiCoMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940081734 cellulose acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940031704 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004715 keto acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016366 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 도 1에 있어서의 Ⅱ-Ⅱ선 단면도다.
도 3은 본 발명의 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 구비한 차량(자동차)을 모식적으로 도시하는 측면도다.
도 4는 예 3의 정극 활물질 입자의 Zr 원소 분포를 나타내는 SEM-EDX(에너지 분산형 X선 분광법)에 의한 화상이다.
도 5는 예 3의 정극 활물질 입자의 W 원소 분포를 나타내는 SEM-EDX 화상이다.
도 6은 예 6의 정극 활물질 입자의 Zr 원소 분포를 나타내는 SEM-EDX 화상이다.
도 7은 예 6의 정극 활물질 입자의 W 원소 분포를 나타내는 SEM-EDX 화상이다.
20 : 권회 전극체
30 : 정극 시트
32 : 정극 집전체
34 : 정극 활물질층
38 : 정극 단자
40 : 부극 시트
42 : 부극 집전체
44 : 부극 활물질층
48 : 부극 단자
50 : 세퍼레이터
100 : 리튬 이온 2차 전지
Claims (8)
- 정극과 부극과 비수전해액을 구비한 리튬 이온 2차 전지이며,
상기 정극은 정극 활물질로서, 층상 구조를 갖는 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 갖고,
상기 정극 활물질은 Ni, Co 및 Mn 중 적어도 1종류의 금속 원소 M0를 함유하고, 또한 Zr, Nb, Al 중 적어도 1종류의 금속 원소 M'를 함유하고, 또한 W를 함유하고,
상기 정극 활물질의 분말 2g과 순수 100g을 교반해서 현탁액을 조제하고, 그 현탁액을 여과한 경우에 있어서, 상기 여과에 의해 얻게 된 여과액에 대해서 유도 결합 플라스마 질량 분석에 의해 구해지는 상기 정극 활물질 1g당의 W 용출량이 0.025m㏖ 이하인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지. - 정극과 부극과 비수전해액을 구비하는 리튬 이온 2차 전지이며,
상기 정극은 정극 활물질로서, 일반식(I) :
LixNiaCobMncM'dWeO2 (I)
(여기서, M'는 Zr, Nb, Al로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종류이며, x는 1.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.25를 충족시키고, a, b, c, d, e는 a+b+c+d+e=1 및 0.001 ≤ (d+e) ≤ 0.02를 충족시키고, a, b, c 중 적어도 하나는 0보다도 크고, d > 0이며, e > 0임);로 나타내는 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 포함하고,
상기 정극 활물질의 분말 2g과 순수 100g을 교반해서 현탁액을 조제하고, 그 현탁액을 여과한 경우에 있어서, 상기 여과에 의해 얻게 된 여과액에 대해서 유도 결합 플라스마 질량 분석에 의해 구해지는 상기 정극 활물질 1g당의 W 용출량이 0.025m㏖ 이하인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 M'가 Zr인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 d : e가 2 : 1 내지 1 : 10인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지.
- 제1항, 제2항 또는 제4항에 있어서, 상기 정극 활물질은 층상 구조를 갖는 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물의 1차 입자가 모인 2차 입자의 형태를 이루고,
상기 정극 활물질에 함유되는 W는, 상기 1차 입자의 내부보다도 1차 입자의 표면에 집중해서 존재하고 있는, 리튬 이온 2차 전지. - 제1항에 기재된 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 정극 활물질을 제조하는 방법이며,
상기 M0와 상기 M'를 함유하는 수용액 AqA를 준비하는 것 ;
W를 함유하는 수용액 AqC를 준비하는 것 ;
상기 수용액 AqA와 상기 수용액 AqC를 알칼리성 조건하에서 혼합하여, 상기 M0, 상기 M' 및 W를 함유하는 수산화물을 석출시키는 것 ;
상기 수산화물과 리튬 화합물을 혼합하는 것 ; 및
상기 수산화물과 리튬 화합물의 혼합물을 소성해서 상기 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 생성시키는 것을 포함하는, 정극 활물질 제조 방법. - 제2항 또는 제4항에 기재된 리튬 이온 2차 전지용 정극 활물질을 제조하는 방법이며,
(A) pH11 내지 14의 염기성 수용액에, 니켈염, 코발트염, 망간염, 및 M' 함유염을 각각 소정 농도로 포함하는 수용액과, W 함유염을 소정 농도로 포함하는 수용액을, 원하는 속도로 첨가해서 반응 혼합액을 조제하고, 당해 혼합액을 교반시키는 습식 혼합에 의해, 일반식(Ⅱ) :
NiaCobMncM'dWe(OH)2+α (Ⅱ)
(여기서, M'는 Zr, Nb, Al로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종류이며, a, b, c, d, e는 a+b+c+d+e=1 및 0.001 ≤ (d+e) ≤ 0.02를 충족시키고, a, b, c 중 적어도 하나는 0보다도 크고, d > 0이며, e > 0이며, α는 0 ≤ α ≤ 0.5를 충족시킴) ;로 나타내는 전구체(ⅱ)를 조제하는 것 ; 및
(B) 상기 전구체(ⅱ)와 리튬염과의 혼합물을 소성해서 상기 일반식(I)로 나타내는 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물(i)을 조제하는 것을 포함하는, 정극 활물질 제조 방법. - 제1항, 제2항 또는 제4항에 기재된 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 구비하거나, 또는 제6항에 기재된 방법에 의해 제조된 정극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 구비하는, 차량.
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WO2011162178A1 (ja) | 2011-12-29 |
KR20130030812A (ko) | 2013-03-27 |
WO2011161754A1 (ja) | 2011-12-29 |
US9525171B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
CN102947981A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102947981B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US20130089787A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
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