JPWO2010024328A1 - 多孔膜、二次電池電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
多孔膜、二次電池電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2010024328A1 JPWO2010024328A1 JP2010526756A JP2010526756A JPWO2010024328A1 JP WO2010024328 A1 JPWO2010024328 A1 JP WO2010024328A1 JP 2010526756 A JP2010526756 A JP 2010526756A JP 2010526756 A JP2010526756 A JP 2010526756A JP WO2010024328 A1 JPWO2010024328 A1 JP WO2010024328A1
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- electrode
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- porous film
- binder
- secondary battery
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005995 polystyrene-polyisobutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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Abstract
Description
(1)無機フィラーと、結着剤とを含み、前記結着剤として、スチレン樹脂及びガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体を含むことを特徴とする多孔膜。
本発明の多孔膜は、無機フィラーと、結着剤とを含み、前記結着剤としてスチレン樹脂及びガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体を含む。
無機フィラーは、二次電池等の使用環境下で、電気化学的にも安定であることが望まれる。また、無機フィラーは、前記スチレン樹脂と混合してスラリーを調製するのに適した材料であることが望まれる。
本発明の多孔膜は、結着剤として、スチレン樹脂及びガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体を含む。以下、多孔膜に使用される結着剤を、「多孔膜用結着剤」と記載することがあり、また後述する電極合剤層に使用する結着剤を「電極用結着剤」と記載することがある。多孔膜中にスチレン樹脂が含まれることにより、後述する多孔膜用スラリーを調製して、これを塗布後、乾燥させると、スチレン樹脂がマイグレーションを起こし、多孔膜表層に偏在し易くなる。本発明では、それを利用して、多孔膜表層にスチレン樹脂が多く偏在するようにすることにより、ロール巻取り時等に多孔膜がロールに付着して粉落ちが発生するのを抑制することができる。
アクリル系単量体としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸またはクロトン酸の誘導体が挙げられる。
フッ素系単量体としては、フッ化ビニリデン、四フッ化エチレン等フッ素を含有する単量体が挙げられる。
ジエン系単量体を共重合する場合には、電気化学的に安定であり、高いサイクル特性を得る観点から、共重合後に未反応の二重結合を水添しておくことが好ましい。
により求められる重量平均分子量は、好ましくは10,000〜600,000、さらに好ましくは10,000〜400,000の範囲である。スチレン樹脂の重量平均分子量が、上記範囲にあると、後述する多孔膜用スラリーのレベリング性に優れ、表面平滑性の高い多孔膜を得ることができる。
ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンゴム、イソブチレン・スチレン共重合体などのイソブチレン系軟質重合体;
ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン・スチレンランダム共重合体、イソプレン・スチレンランダム共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体などのジエン系軟質重合体;
ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、ジヒドロキシポリシロキサンなどのケイ素含有軟質重合体;
液状ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ−1−ブテン、エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体などのオレフィン系軟質重合体;
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリステアリン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・スチレン共重合体などのビニル系軟質重合体;
ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、エピクロルヒドリンゴムなどのエポキシ系軟質重合体;
フッ化ビニリデン系ゴム、四フッ化エチレン−プロピレンゴムなどのフッ素含有軟質重合体;
天然ゴム、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマーなどのその他の軟質重合体などが挙げられる。
2−ヒドロキシエチル−2’−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシフタレート、2−ヒドロキシエチル−2’−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシサクシネートなどのジカルボン酸のジヒドロキシエステルのモノ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類;2−ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、2−ヒドロキシプロピルビニルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル類;(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシエチルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシプロピルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−3−ヒドロキシプロピルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシブチルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−3−ヒドロキシブチルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−4−ヒドロキシブチルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−6−ヒドロキシヘキシルエーテルなどのアルキレングリコールのモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル類;ジエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノ(メタ)アリルエーテルなどのポリオキシアルキレングリコール(メタ)モノアリルエーテル類;グリセリンモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−2−クロロ−3−ヒドロキシプロピルエーテル、(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシ−3−クロロプロピルエーテルなどの、(ポリ)アルキレングリコールのハロゲン及びヒドロキシ置換体のモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル;オイゲノール、イソオイゲノールなどの多価フェノールのモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル及びそのハロゲン置換体;(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシエチルチオエーテル、(メタ)アリル−2−ヒドロキシプロピルチオエーテルなどのアルキレングリコールの(メタ)アリルチオエーテル類;などが挙げられる。
本発明の多孔膜用スラリーは、無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む。
多孔膜用スラリーの製法は、特に限定はされず、上記スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度15℃以下の重合体、無機フィラー、必要に応じて添加される他の成分、及び溶媒を混合して得られる。
本発明の多孔膜を製造する方法としては、1)無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む多孔膜用スラリーを所定の基材上に塗布し、次いで乾燥する方法;2)無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む多孔膜用スラリーに基材を浸漬後、これを乾燥する方法;3)無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む多孔膜用スラリーを、剥離フィルム上に塗布、成膜し、得られた多孔膜を所定の基材上に転写する方法;が挙げられる。この中でも、1)無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む多孔膜用スラリーを基材に塗布し、次いで乾燥する方法が、多孔膜の膜厚を制御しやすいことから最も好ましい。
このような二次電池電極や電気二重層キャパシタの電極は、一般に、電極用結着剤及び電極活物質を含んでなるスラリー(以下、「合剤スラリー」と呼ぶことがある)から形成された電極合剤層が、集電体に付着してなる。
ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ブチルアクリレート・スチレン共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル共重合体、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル・グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体などの、アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸誘導体の単独重合体またはそれと共重合可能な単量体との共重合体である、アクリル系軟質重合体;
ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンゴム、イソブチレン・スチレン共重合体などのイソブチレン系軟質重合体;
ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、ブタジエン・スチレンランダム共重合体、イソプレン・スチレンランダム共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体、ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレン・ブロック共重合体などのジエン系軟質重合体;
ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジフェニルポリシロキサン、ジヒドロキシポリシロキサンなどのケイ素含有軟質重合体;
液状ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ−1−ブテン、エチレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン・α−オレフィン共重合体、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン・プロピレン・スチレン共重合体などのオレフィン系軟質重合体;
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリステアリン酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・スチレン共重合体などのビニル系軟質重合体;
ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、エピクロルヒドリンゴムなどのエポキシ系軟質重合体;
フッ化ビニリデン系ゴム、四フッ化エチレン−プロピレンゴムなどのフッ素含有軟質重合体;
天然ゴム、ポリペプチド、蛋白質、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、塩化ビニル系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマーなどのその他の軟質重合体などが挙げられる。これらの軟質重合体は、架橋構造を有したものであってもよく、また、変性により官能基を導入したものであってもよい。
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。尚、本実施例における部および%は、特記しない限り質量基準である。
実施例および比較例において、各種物性は以下のように評価する。
<1.多孔膜付電極の特性:粉落ち性>
多孔膜付電極を5cm角で切り出して、500mlのガラス瓶に入れ、しんとう機で200rpmにて2時間しんとうさせる。
X=(a−d)/(b−c−a)×100 (質量%)
A:1%未満
B:1%以上2%未満
C:2%以上5%未満
D:5%以上10%未満
E:10%以上20%未満
F:20%以上
電極を幅1cm×長さ5cmの矩形に切って試験片とする。試験片の集電体側の面を下にして机上に置き、長さ方向の中央(端部から4.5cmの位置)、集電体側の面に直径1mm のステンレス棒を短手方向に横たえて設置する。このステンレス棒を中心にして試験片を多孔膜が外側になるように180°折り曲げる。これを、10枚の試験片について行い、各試験片の多孔膜の折り曲げた部分について、ひび割れまたは剥がれの有無を観察し、下記の基準により判定する。ひび割れまたは剥がれが少ないほど、電極が柔軟性に優れることを示す。
B: 10枚中1〜3枚にひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
C: 10枚中4〜9枚にひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
D: 10枚中全てにひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
電極を3cm×3cmに切って試験片とする。試験片を集電体側の面を下にしてレーザー顕微鏡にセットする。そして、50倍のレンズを用いて100μm×100μmの範囲において、多孔膜表面の任意の5箇所の面粗さRa値を、JIS B0601:2001(ISO4287:1997)に準拠して測定する。これを、10枚の試験片について行い、全測定値の平均値を、平滑性として以下の基準により判定する。Ra値が小さいほど平滑性に優れることを示す。
B:Ra値が0.5μm以上0.8μm未満
C:Ra値が0.8μm以上1.0μm未満
D:Ra値が1.0μm以上1.5μm未満
E:Ra値が1.5μm以上
<重合体の作製>
撹拌機付きのオートクレーブに、イオン交換水300部、n−ブチルアクリレート81.5部、アクリロニトリル15部、グリシジルメタクリレート3.0部、2−アクリルアミド2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸0.5部および分子量調整剤としてt−ドデシルメルカプタン0.05部、重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.3部を入れ、十分に撹拌した後、70℃に加温して重合し、ブチルアクリレート・アクリロニトリル系共重合体(以下、「重合体A」という。)粒子水分散液を得た。固形分濃度から求めた重合転化率はほぼ99%であった。この重合体粒子水分散液100部にN−メチルピロリドン(以下、「NMP」という。)320部を加え、減圧下に水を蒸発させて、重合体AのNMP溶液を得た。重合体Aのガラス転移温度は−5℃、親水性の官能基を有する単量体単位の割合は0.5%であった。
無機フィラー(アルミナ,平均粒径0.3μm)、ポリスチレン(アルドリッチ社製、重量平均分子量192,000、ガラス転移温度82℃)と、他の重合体として重合体Aを、表1記載の含有割合(固形分相当比)となるように混合し、更にN−メチルピロリドンを固形分濃度が50%になるように混合させてビーズミルを用いて分散させ多孔膜用スラリー1を調製した。
負極活物質として粒子径20μm、比表面積4.2m2/gのグラファイトを98部と、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を固形分相当で5部とを混合し、更にNMPを加えてプラネタリーミキサーで混合してスラリー状の負極用電極組成物(合剤スラリー)を調製した。この負極用電極組成物を厚さ0.1mmの銅箔の片面に塗布し、110℃で3時間乾燥した後、ロールプレスして負極合剤層を有する厚さが100μmの負極を得た。
前記多孔膜用スラリー1を、負極の負極合剤層表面に、負極合剤層が完全に覆われるように、厚さ3μmで塗工し、次いで110℃で20分間乾燥することにより、多孔膜を形成し多孔膜付電極(二次電池電極)を得た。
得られた多孔膜付電極の粉落ち性、平滑性及び柔軟性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機付き5MPa耐圧オートクレーブに、スチレン47部、1,3−ブタジエン49部、メタクリル酸3部、アクリル酸1部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム5部、イオン交換水150部、重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム1部を入れ、十分に攪拌した後、45℃に加温して重合を開始した。モノマー消費量が96.0%になった時点で冷却し反応を止め、固形分濃度42%の重合体Bの分散液を得た。この分散液100部にNMP320部を加え、減圧下に水を蒸発させて、重合体BのNMP溶液を得た。重合体Bのガラス転移温度は−10℃、親水性の官能基を有する単量体単位の割合は4%であった。
実施例1において、他の重合体として重合体Aの代わりにポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、「PVDF」と記すことがある。ガラス転移温度−35℃)を用い、無機フィラー(アルミナ)、ポリスチレン、他の重合体(PVDF)の含有割合(固形分相当比)を表1のように変更した他は、実施例1と同様に多孔膜用スラリー及び多孔膜付電極を作製した。そして、作製した多孔膜付電極の粉落ち性、平滑性及び柔軟性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
<正極用電極組成物および正極の製造>
正極活物質としてスピネル構造を有するLiCoO295部と、結着剤としてPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)を固形分相当で3部とを加え、さらに、アセチレンブラック2部、N−メチルピロリドン20部を加えて、プラネタリーミキサーで混合してスラリー状の正極用電極組成物(合剤スラリー)を得た。この電極組成物を厚さ18μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布し、120℃で3時間乾燥した後、ロールプレスして正極合剤層を有する厚さ100μmの正極を得た。
実施例1において、分子量192,000のポリスチレンの代わりに、実施例5では重量平均分子量5,000、ガラス転移温度82℃のポリスチレンを、実施例6では重量平均分子量450,000、ガラス転移温度82℃のポリスチレンを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にして多孔膜用スラリー及び多孔膜付電極を作製した。そして、作製した多孔膜付電極の粉落ち性、平滑性及び柔軟性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、ポリスチレンを用いずに、無機フィラー(アルミナ)、他の重合体(重合体A)の含有割合(固形分相当比)を表1のように変更した他は、実施例1と同様に多孔膜用スラリー及び多孔膜付電極を作製した。そして、作製した多孔膜付電極の粉落ち性、平滑性及び柔軟性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、他の重合体を用いずに、無機フィラー(アルミナ)、ポリスチレンの含有割合(固形分相当比)を表1のように変更した他は、実施例1と同様に多孔膜用スラリー及び多孔膜付電極を作製した。そして、作製した多孔膜付電極の粉落ち性、平滑性及び柔軟性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、スチレンの仕込量を77部、1,3−ブタジエンの仕込量を19部に変えた以外は実施例2と同様に重合を行って、固形分濃度40%の分散液を得た。この分散液100部にNMP320部を加え、減圧下に水を蒸発させて、重合体CのNMP溶液を得た。重合体Cのガラス転移温度は40℃、親水性の官能基を有する単量体単位の割合は4%であった。
実施例2において、スチレンの仕込量を87部、1,3−ブタジエンの仕込量を9部に変えた以外は実施例2と同様に重合を行って、固形分40%の重合体DのNMP溶液を得た。重合体Dのガラス転移温度は60℃、親水性の官能基を有する単量体単位の割合は4%であった。
Claims (7)
- 無機フィラーと、
結着剤とを含み、
前記結着剤として、スチレン樹脂及びガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体を含むことを特徴とする多孔膜。 - 前記結着剤中のスチレン樹脂の含有量が、70質量%以下である請求項1記載の多孔膜。
- 前記多孔膜中の結着剤の含有割合が、前記無機フィラー100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部である請求項1又は2に記載の多孔膜。
- 無機フィラー、スチレン樹脂、ガラス転移温度が15℃以下の重合体及び溶媒を含む多孔膜用スラリー。
- 請求項4に記載の多孔膜用スラリーを基材に塗布し、次いで乾燥することを特徴とする多孔膜の製造方法。
- 電極用結着剤及び電極活物質を含んでなる電極合剤層が、集電体に付着してなり、かつ前記電極合剤層の表面に、請求項1に記載の多孔膜が設けられてなる二次電池電極。
- 正極、負極及び電解液を有するリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
正極及び負極の少なくとも一方が、請求項6に記載の二次電池電極である、
リチウムイオン二次電池。
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- 2009-08-27 CN CN200980142875.2A patent/CN102197516B/zh active Active
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- 2009-08-27 WO PCT/JP2009/064955 patent/WO2010024328A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102197516B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
WO2010024328A1 (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
CN102197516A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
US20110159362A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US8895184B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
KR20110063437A (ko) | 2011-06-10 |
JP5601472B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
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