JPWO2017141528A1 - エレクトロクロミックデバイス、およびエレクトロクロミックデバイスを備えるスマートウインドウ - Google Patents
エレクトロクロミックデバイス、およびエレクトロクロミックデバイスを備えるスマートウインドウ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
図1に基づいて、本実施形態に係るエレクトロクロミックデバイス100について説明する。図1は、エレクトロクロミックデバイス100を横から見た断面図であり、第1基板1側を上と定義する。エレクトロクロミックデバイス100は、第1基板1、第1透明電極2、ナノ結晶層3、シール4、第2透明電極5、第2基板6、電源7、電解液8、およびスペーサ9を含む。なお、第1基板1と第1透明電極2、および第2透明電極5と第2基板6の組み合わせについて、それぞれ第1透明電極付基板、第2透明電極付基板と呼称する。また、シール4によって区切られた領域をセルと定義する。
ωp 2=N・e2/(m×ε0)
ここで、Nは電子密度、eは電子の電荷、mは電子の有効質量、ε0は真空の誘電率である。上記の式においてNを高くする、すなわち透明導電性酸化物(TCO)ナノ構造体に負の電圧を印加し、電子密度を上げると、上記の式からバルクプラズマ周波数ωpが大きくなることがわかる。したがって、バルクプラズマ周波数ωpに比例するLSPRの共鳴周波数ωLSPRも大きくなり、LSPRの共鳴波長λLSPRは短くなる。結果として、透明導電性酸化物(TCO)ナノ構造体に電子を注入すると、プラズモン吸収される波長λLSPRが短波長にシフトし、近赤外領域で透過スペクトルを変調する。このとき、透過スペクトルは、透明導電性酸化物(TCO)ナノ構造体に印加される電圧が上昇すると、光学濃度のピークが長波長側へシフトする。これはすなわち電圧を印加することによって透明導電性酸化物(TCO)ナノ構造体の電子密度が下がった結果、LSPRの共鳴波長λLSPRが長波長側にシフトし、プラズモン吸収による光学濃度の低下が生じたことを示している。
本発明の他の実施形態について、図5に基づいて説明する。なお、説明の便宜上、上記実施形態にて説明した部材と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。本実施形態に係るエレクトロクロミックデバイス300は、実施形態1のエレクトロクロミックデバイス100が備える構成について、電解液8とスペーサ9の代わりとして新たに固体電解質11を備えている。
上記各実施形態において、エレクトロクロミックデバイスは電源7が直列に接続された回路を有する構成であったが、LSPRによるエレクトロクロミック以外の反応を抑制するために、電源7の前後に、第1透明電極2と第2透明電極5との間に所定の閾値を超える電流を検知した場合に電極間に電流が流れないように該電極間の接続を切断する、または電源7の接続先を電極間を結ぶ回路とは別の回路に切り替える過電流保護回路をさらに備えてもよい。図7は、電源7と第1透明電極2との間に過電流保護回路20を備えるエレクトロクロミックデバイス100を含む回路を横から見た断面図である。図示の例によれば、エレクトロクロミックデバイス100の構成は上記実施形態1と同一である。例えば、過電流保護回路20は、エレクトロクロミックデバイス100において酸化還元反応を含む副反応が発生するおそれがあるときは、当該エレクトロクロミックデバイス100へ流れる電流を抑制または遮断してもよい。
本発明の態様1に係るエレクトロクロミックデバイス(100、300)は、電圧の印加によって透過スペクトルを変調するエレクトロクロミックデバイス(100/300)であって、第1基板(1)の上に配置された第1透明電極(2)と、第2基板(6)の上に配置された第2透明電極(5)と、上記第1透明電極(2)の上に配置されたナノ結晶層(3)と、を含み、上記ナノ結晶層(3)と上記第2透明電極(5)が対向するように配置され、上記ナノ結晶層(3)と上記第2透明電極(5)との間に電解質(8/11)を含み、上記第1透明電極(2)、上記第2透明電極(5)、および上記ナノ結晶層(3)は、透過スペクトルを変調するために電圧を印加した際、酸化還元反応を生じず、上記電圧の印加によって酸化還元反応による透過スペクトルの変調を生じる電極を含まない。
本出願は、2016年2月15日に出願された日本国特許出願:特願2016−026138号に対して優先権の利益を主張するものであり、当該出願を参照することにより、その内容の全てが本書に含まれる。
2 第1透明電極
3 ナノ結晶層
4 シール
5 第2透明電極
6 第2基板
7 電源
8 電解液
9 スペーサ
10 対極材料
11 固体電解質
100、300 エレクトロクロミックデバイス
Claims (9)
- 電圧の印加によって透過スペクトルを変調するエレクトロクロミックデバイスであって、
第1基板の上に配置された第1透明電極と、
第2基板の上に配置された第2透明電極と、
上記第1透明電極の上に配置されたナノ結晶層と、を含み、
上記ナノ結晶層と上記第2透明電極が対向するように配置され、
上記ナノ結晶層と上記第2透明電極との間に電解質を含み、
上記第1透明電極、上記第2透明電極、および上記ナノ結晶層は、透過スペクトルを変調するために電圧を印加した際、酸化還元反応を生じず、
上記電圧の印加によって酸化還元反応による透過スペクトルの変調を生じる電極を含まないことを特徴とするエレクトロクロミックデバイス。 - 上記ナノ結晶層と上記第2透明電極との間に、距離を一定に保つためのスペーサをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。
- 上記ナノ結晶層はスズドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)ナノ結晶を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。
- 上記エレクトロクロミックデバイスは、
上記第1透明電極と上記第2透明電極との間に所定の閾値を超える電流が流れたことを検知した場合に電極間に電流が流れないように該電極間の接続を切断する、または電源の接続先を該電極間を結ぶ回路とは別の回路に切り替える過電流保護回路をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。 - 上記所定の閾値は、当該エレクトロクロミックデバイスに対する通電時間に応じて変化する
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。 - 上記エレクトロクロミックデバイスは、当該エレクトロクロミックデバイスに充電された電荷量が所定の電荷量閾値を越えた場合、当該エレクトロクロミックデバイスの上記第1透明電極および上記第2透明電極の間に対する電圧の印加を停止する、または印加する電圧の絶対値を下げる過電流保護回路をさらに含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。 - 上記第1透明電極は、複数の領域に対応する複数のサブ電極に分割されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。
- 上記第2透明電極は、複数の領域に対応する複数のサブ電極に分割されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイス。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のエレクトロクロミックデバイスを備えることを特徴とするスマートウインドウ。
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