JP7507807B2 - 薬剤溶出眼内インプラント - Google Patents
薬剤溶出眼内インプラント Download PDFInfo
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- JP7507807B2 JP7507807B2 JP2022027469A JP2022027469A JP7507807B2 JP 7507807 B2 JP7507807 B2 JP 7507807B2 JP 2022027469 A JP2022027469 A JP 2022027469A JP 2022027469 A JP2022027469 A JP 2022027469A JP 7507807 B2 JP7507807 B2 JP 7507807B2
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- Prior art keywords
- implant
- drug
- drug delivery
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- release
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Description
薬物送達装置単独として機能するいくつかの実施形態では、インプラントは、制御された形で1種または複数種の薬剤を眼の前方領域に送達するように構成されるのに対し、他の実施形態では、インプラントは、制御された形で1種または複数種の薬剤を眼の後方領域に送達するように構成される。なお他の実施形態では、インプラントは、制御された形で薬剤を眼の前方領域および後方領域の両方に同時に送達するように構成される。なお他の実施形態では、インプラントの構成は、標的化する形で特定の眼内組織、たとえば、黄斑または毛様体に薬剤を放出するような構成である。ある種の実施形態では、インプラントは、薬剤を毛様体突起および/または後房に送達する。他のある種の実施形態では、インプラントは、薬剤を毛様体筋および/または腱(または線維帯)の1つまたは複数に送達する。いくつかの実施形態では、インプラントは、シュレム管、小柱網、強膜上静脈、水晶体皮質、水晶体上皮、水晶体嚢、強膜、強膜岬、脈絡膜、脈絡膜上腔、網膜動脈および静脈、視神経乳頭、網膜中心静脈、視神経、黄斑、窩、および/または網膜の1つまたは複数に薬剤を送達する。なお他の実施形態では、インプラントからの薬剤の送達は、眼房全体を対象とする。本明細書に記載の各実施形態は、これらの領域の1つまたは複数を標的としてもよく、さらに任意にシャント特徴要素(以下に記載)と組み合わせてもよいことが理解されよう。
本開示は、眼科用薬物送達インプラントであって、植え込み部位に植え込み後、眼内の所望の標的領域への1種または複数種の薬剤の放出を制御し、放出の制御が長期間にわたる、薬物送達インプラントに関する。図2~20に、インプラントの種々の実施形態を示し、本明細書に言及する。
本明細書に記載の系および方法の別の態様は、薬剤を眼に送達し、任意に流体を前房から生理的流出スペースに排水するためのインプラントを移植するための送達器具に関する。いくつかの実施形態では、インプラントは、植え込み部位から眼を通って位置する部位から眼に挿入する。送達器具は、挿入部位から前房を横切って植え込み部位まで眼を通ってインプラントを前進させるのに十分に長いものである。器具の少なくとも一部は、可撓性であってもよい。器具は、相互に長軸方向に移動できる複数の部材を含んでもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、送達器具の少なくとも一部は、湾曲している。いくつかの実施形態では、送達器具の一部は、剛性であり、器具の別の部分は、可撓性である。
眼内インプラントのいくつかの実施形態を送達するための植え込みについては、粘弾性を用いてあるいは用いずに閉鎖した房で行う。
本明細書に記載するような薬物送達インプラントは、薬剤を収納し、インプラントの様々な要素の設計に基づき制御された形で、長期間インプラントから薬剤を溶出する働きをする。インプラントの組成の様々な要素、インプラントの物理的特徴、眼におけるインプラントの位置、および薬剤の組成が組み合わされて働き、所望の薬剤放出プロファイルが得られる。
(Ci-Co)=装置の内側と外側との薬剤濃度の差。
薬物送達インプラントと共に使用する治療薬として、以下に記載する1種または複数種の薬剤単独、あるいは、組み合わせたものを挙げることができる。また、利用する薬剤は、以下に記載する薬剤の1つまたは複数の等価物、誘導体、またはアナログであってもよい。薬剤としてさらに、医薬剤、たとえば抗緑内障薬、眼剤、制菌剤(たとえば、抗生物質、抗ウイルス薬、抗寄生虫薬、抗真菌薬)、抗炎症薬(ステロイドまたは非ステロイド性抗炎症剤など)、生物学的製剤、たとえばホルモン、酵素または酵素関連成分、抗体または抗体関連成分、オリゴヌクレオチド(DNA、RNA、低分子干渉RNA、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドおよび同種のものなど)、DNA/RNAベクター、ウイルス(野生型あるいは遺伝子改変)またはウイルスベクター、ペプチド、タンパク質、酵素、細胞外マトリックス成分、ならびに1種または複数種の生物学的成分を産生するように構成される生細胞があるが、これに限定されるものではない。任意の特定の薬剤の使用は、その主要効果または規制機関の承認した処置適応、または使用法に限定されるものではない。薬剤はまた、別の薬剤もしくは治療薬の1つまたは複数の副作用を軽減あるいは処置する化合物または他の材料も含む。多くの薬剤が複数の作用機序を持つため、下記の任意の一治療薬クラスのうち任意の特定の薬剤を記載することは、その薬剤の考えられる1つの使用を示すものにすぎず、眼科用インプラント系との併用の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。
Claims (15)
- 薬物送達眼内インプラントであって、前記薬物送達眼内インプラントは、
少なくとも1つの開放された端部を有する内部空間を画定するアウターシェルと、
前記内部空間内に配置された少なくとも1つの薬物と、
前記アウターシェルの前記開放された端部の上に配置されるように構成されたキャップであって、少なくとも1つの薬物放出の領域を有するキャップと、
前記アウターシェル内に配置される透過性又は半透過性の材料であって、前記内部空間内に配置された前記少なくとも1つの薬物と前記少なくとも1つの薬物放出の領域との間に配置された透過性又は半透過性の材料と、
を備える、薬物送達眼内インプラント。 - 前記アウターシェルは閉鎖された第2の端部をさらに備え、前記閉鎖された第2の端部は固定要素を備える、請求項1に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの薬物放出の領域は、少なくとも1つのオリフィスを含む、請求項1に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記キャップは、クリンプキャップである、請求項1に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記クリンプキャップは、前記開放された端部の周りに嵌まる寸法を有し、前記アウターシェルに前記クリンプキャップを固定するために圧縮されるように構成された少なくとも1つの圧縮性の領域を含む、請求項4に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記クリンプキャップは、前記開放された端部で前記アウターシェルに接合され、前記少なくとも1つの圧縮性の領域は、前記開放された端部側の前記アウターシェルの外側の周りに配置される、請求項5に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの薬物は、プロスタグランジン、プロスタグランジン前駆体、又はプロスタグランジンアナログを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記少なくとも1つの薬物は、トラボプロスト、ラタノプロスト、ビマトプロスト、及びウノプロストンからなる群から選択されるプロスタグランジンアナログ、及びそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記固定要素は、前記薬物送達眼内インプラントを標的眼内組織に固定するように構成される、請求項2に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記標的眼内組織は、強膜を含む、請求項9に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記薬物送達眼内インプラントは、チタンを含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記薬物送達眼内インプラントは、セラミックを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記透過性又は半透過性の材料は、前記少なくとも1つの薬物放出の領域を通る前記少なくとも1つの薬物の溶出速度を少なくとも部分的に制御するように構成される、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記キャップは、前記アウターシェルと不可逆的に接合される、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
- 前記透過性又は半透過性の材料は、前記アウターシェルの前記内部空間内に完全に配置される、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の薬物送達眼内インプラント。
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