JP6263200B2 - 2成分の殺真菌性および殺細菌性組み合わせ - Google Patents
2成分の殺真菌性および殺細菌性組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Zearalenon Natural products O=C1OC(C)CCCC(=O)CCCC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazoxide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2[N+]([O-])=NC=1N1C=CN=C1 IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFNFRZHOXWNWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triclopyricarb Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QFNFRZHOXWNWAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N ulipristal acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C@@H]1C2=C3CCC(=O)C=C3CC[C@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C(C)=O)[C@]2(C)C1 OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N uniconazole P Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011514 vinification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000664 voltage gated sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N voriconazole Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)[C@](O)(CN2N=CN=C2)C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=NC=NC=C1F BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004740 voriconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004565 water dispersible tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N zearalenone Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](C)CCCC(=O)CCC\C=C\C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Description
(2.1)チアジニル(化学名:N−(3−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル)−4−メチル−1,2,3−チアジアゾール−5−カルボキサミド)および市販の化合物を基にしたその生産方法は、WO96/29871/US6166054中に見出すことができる。
(2.2)プロベナゾール(化学名:3−(2−プロペニルオキシ)−1,2−ベンズイソチアゾール 1,1−ジオキシド)および市販の化合物を基にしたその生産方法は、US3629428中に見出すことができる。
(2.3)イソピラザムは、3−(ジフルオルメチル)−1−メチル−N−[(1RS,4SR,9RS)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−9−イソプロピル−1,4−メタノナフタレン−5−イル]ピラゾール−4−カルボキサミドの両方のsyn異性体および3−(ジフルオルメチル)−1−メチル−N−[(1RS,4SR,9SR)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−9−イソプロピル−1,4−メタノナフタレン−5−イル]ピラゾール−4−カルボキサミドの両方のanti異性体を含む組み合わせである。イソピラザムは、さらに、イソピラザム(anti−エピマーのラセミ体1RS,4SR,9SR)、イソピラザム(anti−エピマーのエナンチオマー1R,4S,9S)、イソピラザム(anti−エピマーのエナンチオマー1S,4R,9R)、イソピラザム(synエピマーのラセミ体1RS,4SR,9RS)、イソピラザム(syn−エピマーのエナンチオマー1R,4S,9R)およびイソピラザム(syn−エピマーのエナンチオマー1S,4R,9S)を含む。イソピラザムおよび市販の化合物を基にしたその生産方法は、WO2004/035589中に与えられている。
本発明による組み合わせまたは組成物の化合物(A)イソチアニルおよび化合物(B)(2.1、2.2、2.3および2.4)は、この2つの必須の構成成分間の任意の特定の比で組み合わせることができる。本発明による組み合わせまたは組成物中で、化合物(A)および化合物(B)は、(A):(B)の相乗的に有効な重量比が1000:1から1:1000の範囲内で、好ましくは500:1から1:500の重量比で、最も好ましくは100:1から1:100の重量比で存在する。本発明によって用いることができる(A):(B)のさらなる比は、好ましさが増す順に:800:1から1:800、700:1から1:700、750:1から1:750、600:1から1:600、400:1から1:400、300:1から1:300、250:1から1:250、200:1から1:200、95:1から1:95、90:1から1:90、85:1から1:85、80:1から1:80、75:1から1:75、70:1から1:70、65:1から1:65、60:1から1:60、55:1から1:55、45:1から1:45、40:1から1:40、35:1から1:35、30:1から1:30、25:1から1:25、20:1から1:20、15:1から1:15、10:1から1:10、5:1から1:5、4:1から1:4、3:1から1:3、2:1から1:2である。好ましい比は、25:1から1:25、20:1から1:20、15:1から1:15、10:1から1:10、5:1から1:5、4:1から1:4、3:1から1:3、2:1から1:2である。本発明の好ましい実施形態によると、組み合わせパートナー(A):(B)は、1:25から25:1の重量比で存在する。より好ましい比は、10:1から1:10、5:1から1:5、4:1から1:4、3:1から1:3、2:1から1:2である。最も好ましい比は、5:1から1:5、4:1から1:4、3:1から1:3、2:1から1:2である。
イソチアニル+チアジニル;イソチアニル+プロベナゾール;イソチアニル+イソピラザム;およびイソチアニル+プロピコナゾール。
(本明細書中でその「一般名」により特定されている活性成分は公知であり、例えば、Pesticide Manual(“The Pesticide Manual”,14th Ed.,British Crop Protection Council 2006)中に記載されているか、またはインターネット(例としてhttp://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)中で探すことができる)。
(1)エルゴステロール生合成の阻害剤、例えばアルジモルフ、アザコナゾール、ビテルタノール、ブロムコナゾール、シプロコナゾール、ジクロブトラゾール、ジフェノコナゾール、ジニコナゾール、ジニコナゾール−M、ドデモルフ、ドデモルフアセテート、エポキシコナゾール、エタコナゾール、フェナリモル、フェンブコナゾール、フェンヘキサミド、フェンプロピジン、フェンプロピモルフ、フルキンコナゾール、フルルプリミドール、フルシラゾール、フルトリアホル、フルコナゾール、フルコナゾール−cis、ヘキサコナゾール、イマザリル、イマザリルスルフェート、イミベンコナゾール、イプコナゾール、メトコナゾール、ミクロブタニル、ナフチフィン、ヌアリモール、オキスポコナゾール、パクロブトラゾール、ペフラゾエート、ペンコナゾール、ピペラリン、プロクロラズ、プロピコナゾール、プロチオコナゾール、ピリブチカルブ、ピリフェノックス、キンコナゾール、シメコナゾール、スピロキサミン、テブコナゾール、テルビナフィン、テトラコナゾール、トリアジメホン、トリアジメノール、トリデモルフ、トリフルミゾール、トリホリン、トリチコナゾール、ウニコナゾール、ウニコナゾール−p、ビニコナゾール、ボリコナゾール、1−(4−クロロフェニル)−2−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)シクロヘプタノール、メチル 1−(2,2−ジメチル−2,3−ジヒドロ−1H−インデン−1−イル)−1H−イミダゾール−5−カルボキシレート、N’−{5−(ジフルオロメチル)−2−メチル−4−[3−(トリメチルシリル)プロポキシ]フェニル}−N−エチル−N−メチルイミドホルムアミド、N−エチル−N−メチル−N’−{2−メチル−5−(トリフルオロメチル)−4−[3−(トリメチルシリル)プロポキシ]フェニル}イミドホルムアミドおよびO−[1−(4−メトキシフェノキシ)−3,3−ジメチルブタン−2−イル] 1H−イミダゾール−1−カルボチオエート。
アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(AChE)阻害剤、例えばカルバメート、例としてアラニカルブ、アルジカルブ、ベンジオカルブ、ベンフラカルブ、ブトカルボキシム、ブトキシカルボキシム、カルバリル、カルボフラン、カルボスルファン、エチオフェンカルブ、フェノブカルブ、ホルメタネート、フラチオカルブ、イソプロカルブ、メチオカルブ、メソミル、メトルカルブ、オキサミル、ピリミカルブ、プロポキスル、チオジカルブ、チオファノックス、トリアザメート、トリメタカルブ、XMCおよびキシリルカルブ;または有機リン酸エステル、例としてアセフェート、アザメチホス、アジンホス−エチル、アジンホス−メチル、カズサホス、クロルエトキシホス、クロルフェンビンホス、クロルメホス、クロルピリホス、クロルピリホス−メチル、クマホス、シアノホス、デメトン−S−メチル、ダイアジノン、ジクロルボス/DDVP、ジクロトホス、ジメトエート、ジメチルビンホス、ジスルホトン、EPN、エチオン、エトプロホス、ファムフール、フェナミホス、フェニトロチオン、フェンチオン、ホスチアゼート、ヘプテノホス、イミシアホス、イソフェンホス、イソプロピル O−(メトキシアミノチオ−ホスホリル)サリチレート、イソキサチオン、マラチオン、メカルバム、メタミドホス、メチダチオン、メビンホス、モノクロトホス、ナレド、オメトエート、オキシデメトン−メチル、パラチオン、パラチオン−メチル、フェントエート、ホレート、ホサロン、ホスメット、ホスファミドン、ホキシム、ピリミホス−メチル、プロフェノホス、プロペタムホス、プロチオホス、ピラクロホス、ピリダフェンチオン、キナルホス、スルホテップ、テブピリムホス、テメホス、テルブホス、テトラクロルビンホス、チオメトン、トリアゾホス、トリクロルホン(Triclorfon)およびバミドチオン。
−メチル−6−(メチルカルバモイル)フェニル]−3−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)−1H−テトラゾール−1−イル]メチル}−1H−ピラゾール−5−カルボキサミド(WO2010/069502から公知)、1−(3−クロロピリジン−2−イル)−N−[4−シアノ−2−メチル−6−(メチルカルバモイル)フェニル]−3−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)−2H−テトラゾール−2−イル]メチル}−1H−ピラゾール−5−カルボキサミド(WO2010/069502から公知)、N−[2−(tert−ブチルカルバモイル)−4−シアノ−6−メチルフェニル]−1−(3−クロロピリジン−2−イル)−3−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)−1H−テトラゾール−1−イル]メチル}−1H−ピラゾール−5−カルボキサミド(WO2010/069502から公知)、N−[2−(tert−ブチルカルバモイル)−4−シアノ−6−メチルフェニル]−1−(3−クロロピリジン−2−イル)−3−{[5−(トリフルオロメチル)−2H−テトラゾール−2−イル]メチル}−1H−ピラゾール−5−カルボキサミド(WO2010/069502から公知)ならびに(1E)−N−[(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)メチル]−N’−シアノ−N−(2,2−ジフルオロエチル)エタンイミドアミド(WO2008/009360から公知)。
本発明との関連で、微量栄養素および微量栄養素含有化合物は、亜鉛、マンガン、モリブデン、鉄および銅よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1の金属イオンまたは微量栄養素のホウ素を含有する活性成分よりなる群から選択される化合物に関する。より好ましくは、これらの微量栄養素および微量栄養素含有化合物は、亜鉛含有化合物のプロピネブ、ポリオキシンZ(亜鉛塩)、ジネブ、ジラム、亜鉛チオダゾール(thiodazole)、ナフテン酸亜鉛およびマンコゼブ(これはマンガンも含有する)、マンガン含有化合物のマンネブ、メチラムおよびマンカッパー(これは銅も含有する)、鉄含有化合物のフェルバム、銅(Cu)および銅含有化合物のボルドー液、ブルゴーニュ液(Burgundy mixture)、チェスハント液(Cheshunt mixture)、塩基性塩化銅、硫酸銅、塩基性硫酸銅(例として三塩基性硫酸銅)、酸化銅、オクタン酸銅、水酸化銅、オキシン−銅、銅アンモニウムアセテート、ナフテン酸銅、キレート化銅(例としてアミノ酸キレートとして)、マンカッパー、アシペタックス(acypetacs)−銅、酢酸銅、塩基性炭酸銅、オレイン酸銅、ケイ酸銅、銅亜鉛クロメート、クフラネブ、クプロバム(cuprobam)、サイセイトング(saisentong)およびチオジアゾール−銅、ならびにそれらの組み合わせよりなる群から選択される。
好適な有機溶媒は、製剤目的のために通常使われる全ての極性および非極性の有機溶媒を包含する。好ましくは、溶媒は、ケトン、例としてメチル−イソブチル−ケトンおよびシクロヘキサノン、アミド、例としてジメチルホルムアミドおよびアルカンカルボン酸アミド、例としてN,N−ジメチルデカンアミドおよびN,N−ジメチルオクタンアミド、さらには環状溶媒、例としてN−メチル−ピロリドン、N−オクチル−ピロリドン、N−ドデシル−ピロリドン、N−オクチル−カプロラクタム、N−ドデシル−カプロラクタムおよびブチロラクトン、さらには強極性溶媒、例としてジメチルスルホキシド、ならびに芳香族炭化水素、例としてキシロール、Solvesso(商標)、鉱油、例としてホワイトスピリット(white spirit)、石油、アルキルベンゼンおよびスピンドル油、またエステル、例としてプロピレングリコール−モノメチルエーテルアセテート、アジピン酸ジブチルエステル、酢酸ヘキシルエステル、酢酸ヘプチルエステル、クエン酸トリ−n−ブチルエステルおよびフタル酸ジ−n−ブチルエステル、ならびにまたアルコール(alkohol)、例としてベンジルアルコールおよび1−メトキシ−2−プロパノールから選択される。
本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物は、強力な殺微生物活性を持ち、作物保護および材料の保護において、有害微生物、例えば植物病原性の真菌および細菌などの防除のために用いることができる。
ウドンコ病(powdery mildew)病原体に起因する病害、例えば、ブルメリア属種(Blumeria species)、例えばブルメリア・グラミニス(Blumeria graminis);ポドスファエラ属種(Podosphaera species)、例えばポドスファエラ・ロイコトリカ(Podosphaera leucotricha);スファエロテカ属種(Sphaerotheca species)、例えばスファエロテカ・フリギネア(Sphaerotheca fuliginea);ウンシヌラ属種(Uncinula species)、例えばウンシヌラ・ネカトル(Uncinula necator)に起因するもの;
サビ病(rust disease)病原体に起因する病害、例えば、ギムノスポランギウム属種(Gymnosporangium species)、例えばギムノスポランギウム・サビナエ(Gymnosporangium sabinae);ヘミレイア属種(Hemileia species)、例えばヘミレイア・バスタトリクス(Hemileia vastatrix);ファコプソラ属種(Phakopsora species)、例えばファコプソラ・パキリジ(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)およびファコプソラ・メイボミアエ(Phakopsora meibomiae);プッシニア属種(Puccinia species)、例えばプッシニア・レコンジテ(Puccinia recondite)、P.トリチシナ(P.triticina)、P.グラミニス(P.graminis)またはP.ストリイホルミス(P.striiformis);ウロミセス属種(Uromyces species)、例えばウロミセス・アペンジクラタス(Uromyces appendiculatus)に起因するもの;
卵菌類(Oomycetes)の群からの病原体に起因する病害、例えば、アルブゴ属種(Albugo species)、例えばアルブゴ・カンジダ(Algubo candida);ブレミア属種(Bremia species)、例えばブレミア・ラクツカエ(Bremia lactucae);ペロノスポラ属種(Peronospora species)、例えばペロノスポラ・ピシ(Peronospora pisi)またはP.ブラシカエ(P.brassicae);フィトフトラ属種(Phytophthora species)、例えばフィトフトラ・インフェスタンス(Phytophthora infestans);プラスモパラ属種(Plasmopara species)、例えばプラスモパラ・ビチコラ(Plasmopara viticola);シュードペロノスポラ属種(Pseudoperonospora species)、例えばシュードペロノスポラ・フムリ(Pseudoperonospora humuli)またはシュードペロノスポラ・キュベンシス(Pseudoperonospora cubensis);フィチウム属種(Pythium species)、例えばフィチウム・ウルチマム(Pythium ultimum)に起因するもの;
葉汚斑性病害(leaf blotch disease)および葉萎凋性病害(leaf wilt disease)、例えば、アルテルナリア属種(Alternaria species)、例えばアルテルナリア・ソラニ(Alternaria solani);セルコスポラ属種(Cercospora species)、例えばセルコスポラ・ベチコラ(Cercospora beticola);クラジオスポリウム属種(Cladiosporium species)、例えばクラジオスポリウム・ククメリナム(Cladiosporium cucumerinum);コクリオボルス属種(Cochliobolus species)、例えばコクリオボルス・サチバス(Cochliobolus sativus)(分生子形態:ドレクスレラ(Drechslera)、Syn:ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)と同義)、コクリオボルス・ミヤベアヌス(Cochliobolus miyabeanus);コレトトリカム属種(Colletotrichum species)、例えばコレトトリカム・リンデムタニウム(Colletotrichum lindemuthanium);シクロコニウム属種(Cycloconium species)、例えばシクロコニウム・オレアギナム(Cycloconium oleaginum);ジアポルテ属種(Diaporthe species)、例えばジアポルテ・シトリ(Diaporthe citri);エルシノエ属種(Elsinoe species)、例えばエルシノエ・ファウセッティ(Elsinoe fawcettii);グロエオスポリウム属種(Gloeosporium species)、例えばグロエオスポリウム・ラエチコロル(Gloeosporium laeticolor);グロメレラ属種(Glomerella species)、例えばグロメレラ・シングラタ(Glomerella cingulata);ギナーディア属種(Guignardia species)、例えばギナーディア・ビドウェリ(Guignardia bidwelli);レプトスフェリア属種(Leptosphaeria species)、例えばレプトスフェリア・マクランス(Leptosphaeria maculans)、レプトスフェリア・ノドラム(Leptosphaeria nodorum);マグナポルテ属種(Magnaporthe species)、例えばマグナポルテ・グリセア(Magnaporthe grisea);ミクロドキウム属種(Microdochium species)、例えばミクロドキウム・ニバレ(Microdochium nivale);ミコスファエレラ属種(Mycosphaerella species)、例えばミコスファエレラ・グラミニコラ(Mycosphaerella graminicola)、M.アラキジコラ(M.arachidicola)およびM.フィジエンシス(M.fijiensis);ファエオスファエリア属種(Phaeosphaeria species)、例えばファエオスファエリア・ノドラム(Phaeosphaeria nodorum);ピレノフォラ属種(Pyrenophora species)、例えばピレノフォラ・テレス(Pyrenophora teres)、ピレノフォラ・トリチシ・レペンチス(Pyrenophora tritici repentis);ラムラリア属種(Ramularia species)、例えばラムラリア・コロ−シグニ(Ramularia collo−cygni)、ラムラリア・アレオラ(Ramularia areola);リンコスポリウム属種(Rhynchosporium species)、例えばリンコスポリウム・セカリス(Rhynchosporium secalis);セプトリア属種(Septoria species)、例えばセプトリア・アピイ(Septoria apii)、セプトリア・リコペルシイ(Septoria lycopersii);チフラ属種(Typhula species)、例えばチフラ・インカルナタ(Typhula incarnata);ベンツリア属種(Venturia species)、例えばベンツリア・イナエクアリス(Venturia inaequalis)に起因するもの;
根および茎の病害、例えば、コルチシウム属種(Corticium species)、例えばコルチシウム・グラミネアルム(Corticium graminearum);フザリウム属種(Fusarium species)、例えばフザリウム・オキシスポルム(Fusarium oxysporum);ゴウマノマイセス属種(Gaeumannomyces species)、例えばゴウマノマイセス・グラミニス(Gaeumannomyces graminis);リゾクトニア属種(Rhizoctonia species)、例えばリゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)などに起因するもの;サロクラジウム病(Sarocladium disease)、例えばサロクラジウム・オリゼ(Sarocladium oryzae)に起因するもの;スクレロチウム病(Sclerotium disease)、例えばスクレロチウム・オリゼ(Sclerotium oryzae)に起因するもの;タペシア属種(Tapesia species)、例えばタペシア・アクホルミス(Tapesia acuformis);チエラビオプシス属種(Thielaviopsis species)、例えばチエラビオプシス・バシコラ(Thielaviopsis basicola)に起因するもの;
穂(ear and panicle)(コーン穂軸を包含する)の病害、例えば、アルテルナリア属種、例えばアルテルナリア属種(Alternaria spp.);アスペルギルス属種(Aspergillus species)、例えばアスペルギルス・フラブス(Aspergillus flavus);クラドスポリウム属種(Cladosporium species)、例えばクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium cladosporioides);クラビセプス属種(Claviceps species)、例えばクラビセプス・プルプレア(Claviceps purpurea);フザリウム属種、例えばフザリウム・クルモラム(Fusarium culmorum);ジベレラ属種(Gibberella species)、例えばジベレラ・ゼアエ(Gibberella zeae);モノグラフェラ属種(Monographella species)、例えばモノグラフェラ・ニバリス(Monographella nivalis);セプトリア属種、例えばセプトリア・ノドラム(Septoria nodorum)に起因するもの;
黒穂菌類に起因する病害、例えばスファセロテカ属種(Sphacelotheca species)、例えばスファセロテカ・レイリアナ(Sphacelotheca reiliana);チレチア属種(Tilletia species)、例えばチレチア・カリエス(Tilletia caries)、T.コントロベルサ(T.controversa);ウロシスチス属種(Urocystis species)、例えばウロシスチス・オクルタ(Urocystis occulta);ウスチラゴ属種(Ustilago species)、例えばウスチラゴ・ヌダ(Ustilago nuda)、U.ヌダ・トリチシ(U.nuda tritici)に起因するもの;
果実の腐敗、例えば、アスペルギルス属種(Aspergillus species)、例えばアスペルギルス・フラブス(Aspergillus flavus);ボトリチス属種(Botrytis species)、例えばボトリチス・シネレア(Botrytis cinerea);ペニシリウム属種(Penicillium species)、例えばペニシリウム・エキスパンサム(Penicillium expansum)およびP.プルプロゲナム(P.purpurogenum);スクレロチニア属種(Sclerotinia species)、例えばスクレロチニア・スクレロチオラム(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum);ベルチシリウム属種(Verticilium species)、例えばベルチシリウム・アルボアトラム(Verticilium alboatrum)に起因するもの;
種子および土壌が媒介する腐食、カビ、萎凋、腐敗および立枯病(damping−off disease)、例えば、アルテルナリア属種(Alternaria species)、例えばアルテルナリア・ブラシシコラ(Alternaria brassicicola)に起因するもの;アファノミセス属種(Aphanomyces species)、例えばアファノミセス・エウテイケス(Aphanomyces euteiches)に起因するもの;アスコキタ属種(Ascochyta species)、例えばアスコキタ・レンチス(Ascochyta lentis)に起因するもの;アスペルギルス属種(Aspergillus species)、例えばアスペルギルス・フラブス(Aspergillus flavus)に起因するもの;クラドスポリウム属種(Cladosporium species)、例えばクラドスポリウム・ヘルバラム(Cladosporium herbarum)に起因するもの;コクリオボルス属種(Cochliobolus species)、例えばコクリオボルス・サチバス(Cochliobolus sativus);(分生子形態:ドレクスレラ(Drechslera)、ビポラリス(Bipolaris):ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)と同義)に起因するもの;コレトトリカム属種(Colletotrichum species)、例えばコレトトリカム・コッコデス(Colletotrichum coccodes)に起因するもの;フザリウム属種(Fusarium species)、例えばフザリウム・クルモラム(Fusarium culmorum)に起因するもの;ジベレラ属種(Gibberella species)、例えばジベレラ・ゼアエ(Gibberella zeae)に起因するもの;マクロフォミナ属種(Macrophomina species)、例えばマクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ(Macrophomina phaseolina)に起因するもの;モノグラフェラ属種(Monographella species)、例えばモノグラフェラ・ニバリス(Monographella nivalis)に起因するもの;ペニシリウム属種(Penicillium species)、例えばペニシリウム・エキスパンサム(Penicillium expansum)に起因するもの;フォーマ属種(Phoma species)、例えばフォーマ・リンガム(Phoma lingam)に起因するもの;フォモプシス属種(Phomopsis species)、例えばフォモプシス・ソジャエ(Phomopsis sojae)に起因するもの;フィトフトラ属種(Phytophthora species)、例えばフィトフトラ・カクトラム(Phytophthora cactorum)に起因するもの;ピレノフォラ属種(Pyrenophora species)、例えばピレノフォラ・グラミネア(Pyrenophora graminea)に起因するもの;ピリクラリア属種(Pyricularia species)、例えばピリクラリア・オリゼ(Pyricularia oryzae)に起因するもの;フィチウム属種(Pythium species)、例えばフィチウム・ウルチマム(Pythium ultimum)に起因するもの;リゾクトニア属種(Rhizoctonia species)、例えばリゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)に起因するもの;リゾプス属種(Rhizopus species)、例えばリゾプス・オリゼ(Rhizopus oryzae)に起因するもの;スクレロチウム属種(Sclerotium species)、例えばスクレロチウム・ロルフシイ(Sclerotium rolfsii)に起因するもの;セプトリア属種(Septoria species)、例えばセプトリア・ノドラム(Septoria nodorum)に起因するもの;チフラ属種(Typhula species)、例えばチフラ・インカルナタ(Typhula incarnata)に起因するもの;ベルチシリウム属種(Verticillium species)、例えばベルチシリウム・ダーリアエ(Verticillium dahliae)に起因するもの;
がん腫病、虫こぶおよび天狗巣病(witches’ broom)、例えば、ネクトリア属種(Nectria species)、例えばネクトリア・ガリゲナ(Nectria galligena)に起因するもの;
萎凋病(wilt disease)、例えば、モニリニア属種(Monilinia species)、例えばモニリニア・ラキサ(Monilinia laxa)に起因するもの;
葉ぶくれ病(leaf blister disease)または葉巻病(leaf curl disease)、例えばエクソバシジウム属種(Exobasidium species)、例えばエクソバシジウム・ベキサンス(Exobasidium vexans)に起因するもの;
タフリナ属種(Taphrina species)、例えばタフリナ・デフォルマンス(Taphrina deformans);
木本植物の変性病害、例えば、エスカ病(Esca disease)、例えばファエモニエラ・クラミドスポラ(Phaemoniella clamydospora)、ファエオアクレモニウム・アレオフィラム(Phaeoacremonium aleophilum)およびフォミチポリア・メジテラネア(Fomitiporia mediterranea)に起因するもの;;ユータイパ・ダイバック(Eutypa dyeback)、例えばユータイパ・ラタ(Eutypa lata)に起因するもの;ガノデルマ病(Ganoderma disease)、例えばガノデルマ・ボニネンセ(Ganoderma boninense)に起因するもの;リギドポルス病(Rigidoporus disease)、例えばリギドポルス・リグノサス(Rigidoporus lignosus)に起因するもの;
花および種子の病害、例えば、ボトリチス属種(Botrytis species)、例えばボトリチス・シネレア(Botrytis cinerea)に起因するもの;
植物塊茎の病害、例えば、リゾクトニア属種(Rhizoctonia species)、例えばリゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani);ヘルミントスポリウム属種(Helminthosporium species)、例えばヘルミントスポリウム・ソラニ(Helminthosporium solani)に起因するもの;
根こぶ、例えば、プラスモディオフォラ属種(Plasmodiophora species)、例えばプラスモディオフォラ・ブラシカエ(Plamodiophora brassicae)に起因するもの;
細菌性病原体に起因する病害、例えばキサントモナス属種(Xanthomonas species)、例えばキサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型オリゼ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzae);シュードモナス属種(Pseudomonas species)、例えばシュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型ラクリマンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans);エルウィニア属種(Erwinia species)、例えばエルウィニア・アミロボラ(Erwinia amylovora)に起因するもの。
アシドボラクス・アベナ亜種シトルリ(Acidovorax avena subsp.citrulli)、アグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンス(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)、アフェランコイデス・フラガリアエ(Aphelanchoides fragariae)、バチルス・スブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、ブルクホルデリア属種(Burkholderia spec.)、ブルクホルデリア・グラマエ(Burkholderia glumae)、カンジダツス リベリバクター属種(Candidatus Liberibacter spec.)、クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス(Clavibacter michiganensis)、クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス亜種ミシガネンシス(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis)、クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス亜種テセラリウス(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.tessellarius)、クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス亜種セペンドニクス(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.Sepedonicus)、クラビバクター・ミシガネンシス亜種ネブラスケンシス(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.nebraskensis)、クラビバクター・イラニクス(Clavibacter iranicus)、クラビバクター・トリチシ(Clavibacter tritici)、コリネバクテリウム・ファシアンス(Corynebacterium fascians)、コリネバクテリウム・フラクムファシエンス病原型フラクムファシエンス(Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens)、コリネバクテリウム・ミシガネンセ(Corynebacterium michiganense)、コリネバクテリウム・ミシガネンセ病原型トリチシ(Corynebacterium michiganense pv.tritici)、コリネバクテリウム・ミシガネンセ病原型ネブラスケンセ(Corynebacterium michiganense pv.nebraskense)、コリネバクテリウム・セペドニクム(Corynebacterium sepedonicum)、クルトバクテリウム・フラクムファシエンス病原型フラクムファシエンス(Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens)、エンテロバクター・ジソルベンス(Enterobacter dissolvens)、エルウィニア属亜種(Erwinia subspecies)、エルウィニア・アミロボラ(Erwinia amylovora)、エルウィニア・アナナス(Erwinia Ananas)、エルウィニア・カロトボラ(Erwinia carotovora)、エルウィニア・カロトボラ亜種アトロセプチカ(Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica)、エルウィニア・カロトボラ亜種カロトボラ(Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora)、エルウィニア・クリサンセミ(Erwinia chrysanthemi)、エルウィニア・クリサンセミ病原型ゼアエ(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.Zeae)、エルウィニア・ジソルベンス(Erwinia dissolvens)、エルウィニア・ヘルビコラ(Erwinia herbicola)、エルウィニア・ラポンティク(Erwinia rhapontic)、エルウィニア・ステワルティ(Erwinia stewartiii)、エルウィニア・トラケイフィラ(Erwinia tracheiphila)、エルウィニア・ウレドボラ(Erwinia uredovora)、パントエア・アグロメランス(Pantoea agglomerans)、ペクトバクテリウム・カロトボルム(Pectobacterium carotovorum)、ペクトバクテリウム・カロトボルム亜種アトロセプチクム(Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.atrosepticum)、ペクトバクテリウム・カロトボルム亜種カロトボルム(Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum)、ペクトバクテリウム・クリサンセミ(Pectobacterium chrysanthemi)、シュードモナス・アンドロポゴニス(Pseudomonas andropogonis)、シュードモナス・アベナエ亜種アベナエ(Pseudomonas avenae subsp.avenae)、シュードモナス・コルガタ(Pseudomonas corrugata)、シュードモナス・フルオレッセンス(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、シュードモナス・グラマエ(Pseudomonas glumae)、シュードモナス・フスコバギナエ(Pseudomonas fuscovaginae)、シュードモナス・マルギナリス(Pseudomonas marginalis)、シュードモナス・マルギナリス病原型マルギナリス(Pseudomonas marginalis pv.marginalis)、シュードモナス・シュードアルカリゲネス(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes)、シュードモナス・シュードアルカリゲネス亜種シトルリ(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp.citrulli)、シュードモナス・ソラナセアルム(Pseudomonas solanacearum)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ(Pseudomonas syringae)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型アクチニダエ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型アトロファシエンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.atrofaciens)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型コロナファシエンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.coronafaciens)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型グリシネア(Pseudomonas syringae pv.glycinea)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型ラクリマンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.Lachrymans)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型マクリコラ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.maculicola)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型ストリアファシエンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.striafaciens)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型シリンガエ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae)[キウイ果実も同様に損傷する]、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型トマト(Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型タバキ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci)、ラルストニア・ソラナセアルム(Ralstonia solanacearum)、ラタイバクター・トリチシ(Rathayibacter tritici)、ロドコッカス・ファシアンス(Rhodococcus fascians)、スピロプラズマ・クンケリイ(Spiroplasma kunkelii)、ストレプトマイセス属種(Streptomyces spp.)、ストレプトマイセス・スカビエイ(Streptomyces scabiei)、ストレプトマイセス・スカビエス(Streptomyces scabies)、ストレプトマイセス・アシディスカビエス(Streptomyces acidiscabies)、ストレプトマイセス・タージディスカビエス(Streptomyces turgidiscabies)、キサントモナス属種(Xanthomonas spp.)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス(Xanthomonas axonopodis)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型シトリ(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型グリシネス(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス(Xanthomonas campestris)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型アルモラシアエ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.armoraciae)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型シトルメロ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.citrumelo)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型シトリ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.citri)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型グリシネス(Xanthomonas campestris pv.glycines)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型ホルキコラ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.Holcicola)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型マルバセアルム(Xanthomonas campestris pv.Malvacearum)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型ムサセアルム(Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型プルニ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.pruni)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型ククルビタエ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.cucurbitae)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型ベシカトリア(Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型トランスルケンス(Xanthomonas campestris pv.translucens)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型オリゼ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.Oryzae)、キサントモナス・フラガリアエ(Xanthomonas fragariae)、キサントモナス・オリゼ(Xanthomonas oryzae)、キサントモナス・オリゼ病原型オリゼ(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)、キサントモナス・オリゼ病原型オリジコラ(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.Oryzicola)、キサントモナス・トランスルケンス(Xanthomonas translucens)、キサントモナス・トランスルケンス病原型トランスルケンス(Xanthomonas translucens pv.Translucens)、キシレラ・ファスチジオサ(Xylella fastidiosa)、アシドボラクス・アベナエ(Acidovorax avenae)、ブルクホルデリア属種(Burkholderia spec.)、ブルクホルデリア・グラマエ(Burkholderia glumae)、カンジダツス リベリバクター属種(Candidatus Liberibacter spec.)、コリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)、エルウィニア属種(Erwinia spec.)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ(Pseudomonas syringae)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型アクチニダエ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型グリシネア(Pseudomonas syringae pv.glycinea)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型トマト(Pseudomonas syringae
pv.tomato)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型ラクリマンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans)、ストレプトマイセス属種(Streptomyces spp.)、キサントモナス属種(Xanthomonas spp.)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス(Xanthomonas axonopodis)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型シトリ(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri)、キサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型グリシネス(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス(Xanthomonas campestris)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型ムサセアルム(Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum)、キサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型プルニ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.pruni)、キサントモナス・フラガリアエ(Xanthomonas fragariae)およびキサントモナス・トランスルセンス(Xanthomonas transluscens)。
葉、茎、さやおよび種子の真菌病、例えば、アルテルナリア斑点病(Alternaria leaf spot)(アルテルナリア属種アトランス・テヌイシマ(atrans tenuissima))、炭疽病(コレトトリカム・グロエオスポロイデス・デマティウム変種トランケイタム(Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var.truncatum))、褐斑症(brown spot)(セプトリア・グリシネス(Septoria glicines))、セルコスポラ斑点病および胴枯病(cercospora leaf spot and blight)(セルコスポラ・キクチイ(Cercospora kikuchii))、コアネフォラ葉枯病(choanephora leaf blight)(コアネフォラ・インフンジブリフェラ・トリスポラ(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora)と同義)、ダクツリオホラ斑点病(dactuliophora leaf spot)(ダクツリオホラ・グリシネス(Dactuliophora glycines))、べと病(downy mildew)(ペロノスポラ・マンシュリカ(Peronospora manshurica))、ドレクスレラ葉枯病(drechslera blight)(ドレクスレラ・グリシニ(Drechslera glycini))、フロッグアイ斑点病(frogeye leaf spot)(セルコスポラ・ソジナ(Cercospora sojina))、レプトスファエルリナ斑点病(leptosphaerulina leaf spot)(レプトスファエルリナ・トリホリイ(Leptosphaerulina trifolii))、フィロスティカ斑点病(phyllostica leaf spot)(フィロスティカ・ソジャエコラ(Phyllosticta sojaecola))、さやおよび茎枯病(pod and stem blight)(フォモプシス・ソジャエ(Phomopsis sojae))、ウドンコ病(ミクロスファエラ・ジフーサ(Microsphaera diffusa))、ピレノカエタ斑点病(pyrenochaeta leaf spot)(ピレノカエタ・グリシネス(Pyrenochaeta glycines))、リゾクトニア葉腐、葉枯およびくもの巣病(rhizoctonia aerial,foliage,and web blight)(リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani))、サビ病(ファコプソラ・パキリジ(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)、ファコプソラ・メイボミアエ(Phakopsora meibomiae))、黒痘病(scab)(スファセロマ・グリシネス(Sphaceloma glycines))、ステムフィリウム葉枯病(stemphylium leaf blight)((ステムフィリウム・ボトリオサム(Stemphylium botryosum))、輪紋病(target spot)(コリネスポラ・カッシイコラ(Corynespora cassiicola))に起因するもの。
本発明によると、全ての植物および植物部分を処理することができる。植物とは、全ての植物および植物集団、例えば望ましいおよび望ましくない野生植物、栽培品種および植物品種などを意味する(植物品種または植物育成者権により保護可能か否かにかかわらない)。栽培品種および植物品種は、1または複数のバイオテクノロジー法により、例えば倍加半数体、プロトプラスト融合、ランダム突然変異誘発および定方向突然変異誘発、分子マーカーもしくは遺伝子マーカーの使用により、または生物工学的方法および遺伝子工学的方法により援助または補うことができる慣用的な繁殖法および育種法によって得られる植物であることができる。植物部分とは、植物の全ての地上および地下の部分および器官、例えば新芽、葉、花および根などを意味し、これにより例えば葉、針葉、茎、枝、花、子実体、果実および種子、同様に根、球茎および根茎が列挙される。作物ならびに栄養繁殖材料および生殖繁殖材料、例えば切穂、球茎、根茎、匍匐茎および種子もまた植物部分に属する。
アルブゴ属種(Albugo spp.)(白サビ病(white rust))、これは観賞植物、野菜作物(例としてA.カンジダ(A.Candida))およびヒマワリ(例としてA.トラゴポゴニス(A.tragopogonis))につく;アルテルナリア属種(Alternaria spp.)(黒斑病(black spot disease)、すす点病(black blotch))、これは野菜、アブラナ(例としてA.ブラシコラ(A.brassicola)またはA.ブラシカエ(A.brassicae))、テンサイ(例としてA.テヌイス(A.tenuis))、果実、イネ、ダイズに、およびにまたジャガイモ(例としてA.ソラニ(A.solani)またはA.アルテルナタ(A.alternata))およびトマト(例としてA.ソラニ(A.solani)またはA.アルテルナタ(A.alternata))につく、ならびにアルテルナリア属種(Alternaria spp.)(黒目粒(black head))、これはコムギにつく;アファノミセス属種(Aphanomyces spp.)、これはテンサイおよび野菜につく;アスコキタ属種(Ascochyta spp.)、これは穀類および野菜につき、例としてA.トリチシ(A.tritici)(アスコキタ葉枯病(Ascochyta leaf blight))はコムギにつき、A.ホルデイ(A.hordei)はオオムギにつく;ビポラリス(Bipolaris)およびドレクスレラ属種(Drechslera spp.)(テレオモルフ:コクリオボルス属種(Cochliobolus spp.))、例として斑点病(leaf spot disease)(D.メイディス(D.maydis)およびB.ゼイコラ(B.zeicola))はコーンにつき、例としてふ枯病(glume blotch)(B.ソロキニアナ(B.sorokiniana))は穀類につき、例としてB.オリゼ(B.oryzae)はイネおよび芝生につく;ブルメリア(Blumeria)(旧名:エリシフェ(Erysiphe))・グラミニス(graminis)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew))、これは穀類(例としてコムギまたはオオムギ)につく;ボトリオスファエリア属種(Botryosphaeria spp.)(「ブドウつる割病(Slack Dead Arm Disease)」)、これはブドウにつく(例としてB.オブツサ(B.obtusa));ボトリチス・シネレア(Botrytis cinerea)(テレオモルフ:ボトリオチニア・フッケリアナ(Botryotinia fuckeliana):灰色カビ病(grey mold)、灰色疫病(gray rot))、これは小軟果および仁果(なかでもイチゴ)、野菜(なかでもレタス、ニンジン、セルリアックおよびキャベツ)、アブラナ、花、ブドウ、森林作物およびコムギにつく(穂カビ病(ear mold));ブレミア・ラクツカエ(Bremia lactucae)(べと病(downy mildew))、これはレタスにつく;セラトシスチス属種(Ceratocystis spp.)(syn.オフィオストマ(Ophiostoma))(青変菌)、これは落葉樹および針葉樹につき、例としてC.ウルミ(C.ulmi)(オランダニレ病(Dutch elm disease))はニレにつく;セルコスポラ属種(Cercospora spp.)(セルコスポラ斑点病(Cereospora leat spot))、これはコーン(例としてC.ゼアエ−メイディス(C.zeae−maydis))、イネ、テンサイ(例としてC.ベチコラ(C.beticola))、サトウキビ、野菜、コーヒー、ダイズ(例としてC.ソジナ(C.sojina)またはC.キクチル(C.kikuchil))およびイネにつく;クラドスポリウム属種(Cladosporium spp.)、これはトマト(例としてC.フルブム(C.fulvum):トマト葉カビ病(tomato leaf mold))および穀類につき、例としてC.ヘルバルム(C.herbarum)(穂腐病(ear rot))はコムギにつく;クラビセプス・プルプレア(Claviceps purpurea)(麦角病(ergot))、これは穀類につく;コクリオボルス属種(Cochliobolus spp.)(アナモルフ:ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)またはビポラリス(Bipolaris))(斑点病(leaf spot))、これはコーン(例としてC.カルボヌム(C.carbonum))、穀類(例としてC.サチブス(C.sativus)、アナモルフ:B.ソロキニアナ(B.sorokiniana):ふ枯病(glume blotch))およびイネ(例えばC.ミヤベアヌス(C.miyabeanus)、アナモルフ:H.オリゼ(H.oryzae))につく;コレトトリカム属種(Colletotrichum spp.)(テレオモルフ:グロメレラ(Glomerella))(炭疽病(anthracnosis))、これはワタ(例としてC.ゴシッピイ(C.gossypii))、コーン(例としてC.グラミニコラ(C.graminicola):茎疫病(stem rot)および炭疽病(anthracnosis))、小軟果、ジャガイモ(例としてC.コッコデス(C.coccodes):萎凋病(wilt disease))、インゲンマメ(例としてC.リンデムチアヌム(C.lindemuthianum))およびダイズ(例としてC.トルンカツム(C.truncatum))につく;コルチシウム属種(Corticium spp.)、例としてC.ササキイ(C.sasakii)(紋枯病(sheath blight))はイネにつく;コリネスポラ・カッシイコラ(Corynespora cassiicola)(斑点病(leaf spot))、これはダイズおよび観賞植物につく;シクロコニウム属種(Cycloconium spp.)、例としてC.オレアギヌム(C.oleaginum)はオリーブにつく;シリンドロカルポン属種(Cylindrocarpon spp.)(例としてブドウの果樹胴枯病(fruit tree canker)または黒脚病(black foot disease)、テレオモルフ:ネクトリア(Nectria)またはネオネクトリア属種(Neonectria spp.))、これは果樹、ブドウ(例としてC.リリオデンドン(C.liriodendn);テレオモルフ:ネオネクトリア・リリオデンドリ(Neonectria liriodendri)、黒脚病(black foot disease))および多くの観賞用樹木につく;デマトホラ(Dematophora)(テレオモルフ:ロセリニア(Rosellinia))・ネカトリクス(necatrix)(根/茎疫病(root/stem rot))、これはダイズにつく;ジアポルテ属種(Diaporthe spp.)、例としてD.ファセオロラム(phaseolorum)(茎の病害(stem disease))はダイズにつく;ドレクスレラ属種(Drechslera spp.)(syn.ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)、テレオモルフ:ピレノフォラ(Pyrenophora))、これはコーン、穀類、例えばオオムギ(例としてD.テレス(D.teres)、網斑病(net blotch))およびコムギ(例としてD.トリチシ−レペンチス(D.tritici−repentis):DTR斑点病(DTR leaf spot))、イネおよび芝生につく;エスカ病(Esca disease)(ブドウの立枯病(dieback)、胴枯病(apoplexia))、これはブドウにつき、フォルミチポリア(Formitiporia)(syn.フェリヌス(Phellinus))・プンクタタ(punctata)、F.メジテラネア(F.mediterranea)、ファエオモニエラ・クラミドスポラ(Phaeomoniella chlamydospora)(旧名ファエオアクレモニウム・クラミドスポルム(Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum))、ファエオアクレモニウム・アレオフィラム(Phaeoacremonium aleophilum)および/またはボトリオスファエリア・オブツサ(Botryosphaeria obtusa)に起因する;エルシノエ属種(Elsinoe spp.)、これは仁果類(E.ピリ(E.pyri))および小軟果(E.ベネタ(E.veneta):炭疽病(anthracnosis))およびまたブドウ(E.アムペリナ(E.ampelina):炭疽病(anthracnosis))につく;エンチロマ・オリゼ(Entyloma oryzae)(黒腫病(leaf smut))、これはイネにつく;エピコッカム属種(Epicoccum spp.)(黒目粒(black head))、これはコムギにつく;エリシフェ属種(Erysiphe spp.)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew))、これはテンサイ(E.ベタエ(E.betae))、野菜(例としてE.ピシ(E.pisi))、例えばキュウリ種(例としてE.シコラセアルム(E.cichoracearum))およびキャベツ種、例えばアブラナ(例としてE.クルシフェラルム(E.cruciferarum))などにつく;ユータイパ・ファタ(Eutypa fata)(ユータイパ潰瘍病または立枯病(Eutypa cancer or dieback)、アナモルフ:シトスポリナ・ラタ(Cytosporina lata)、syn.リベルテラ・ブレファリス(Libertella blepharis))、これは果樹、ブドウおよび多くの観賞用樹木につく;エクセロヒルム属種(Exserohilum spp.)(ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)と同義)、これはコーン(例としてE.ツルシクム(E.turcicum))につく;フザリウム属種(Fusarium spp.)(テレオモルフ:ジベレラ(Gibberella))(萎凋病(wilt disease)、茎および茎疫病(root and stem rot))、これは様々な植物につき、例としてF.グラミネアルム(F.graminearum)またはF.クルモラム(F.culmorum)(根腐病(root rot)および白穂病(silver−top))は穀類(例としてコムギまたはオオムギ)に、F.オキシスポルム(F.oxysporum)はトマトに、F.ソラニ(F.solani)はダイズに、およびF.ベルチシリオイデス(F.verticillioides)はコーンにつく;ゴウマノマイセス・グラミニス(Gaeumannomyces graminis)(立枯病(takeall))、これは穀類(例としてコムギまたはオオムギ)およびコーンにつく;ジベレラ属種(Gibberella spp.)、これは穀類(例としてG.ゼアエ(G.zeae))およびイネ(例としてG.フジクロイ(G.fujikuroi):ばか苗病(bakanae disease))につく;グロメレラ・シングラタ(Glomerella cingulata)、これはブドウ、仁果および他の植物につき、G.ゴシッピイ(G.gossypii)はワタにつく;グレインステイニング複合菌(grainstaining complex)、これはイネにつく;ギナーディア・ビドウェリ(Guignardia bidwellii)(黒腐病(black rot))、これはブドウにつく;ギムノスポランギウム属種(Gymnosporangium spp.)、これはバラ科植物(Rosaceae)およびビャクシンにつき、例としてG.サビナエ(sabinae)(ナシサビ病(pear rust))はナシにつく;ヘルミントスポリウム属種(Helminthosporium spp.)(ド
レクスレラ(Drechslera)、テレオモルフ:コクリオボルス(Cochliobolus)と同義)、これはコーン、穀類およびイネにつく;ヘミレイア属種(Hemileia spp.)、例としてH.バスタトリックス(H.vastatrix)(コーヒー葉サビ病(coffee leaf rust))、これはコーヒーにつく;イサリオプシス・クラビスポラ(Isariopsis clavispora)(syn.クラドスポリウム・ビチス(Cladosporium vitis))、これはブドウにつく;マクロフォミナ・ファゼオリナ(Macrophomina phaseolina)(ファセオリ(phaseoli)と同義)(根/茎疫病(root/stem rot))、これはダイズおよびワタにつく;ミクロドキウム(Microdochium)(フザリウム(Fusarium)と同義)・ニバレ(nivale)(紅色雪腐病(pink snow mold))、これは穀類(例としてコムギまたはオオムギ)につく;ミクロスファエラ・ジフーサ(Microsphaera diffusa)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew))、これはダイズにつく;モニリニア属種(Monilinia spp.)、例としてM.ラキサ(M.laxa)、M.フルクチコラ(M.fructicola)およびM.フルクチゲナ(fructigena)(花および枝枯病(blossom and twig blight))、これは核果および他のバラ科植物(Rosaceae)につく;ミコスファエレラ属種(Mycosphaerella spp.)、これは穀類、バナナ、小軟果およびピーナッツにつき、例としてM.グラミニコラ(M.graminicola)(アナモルフ:セプトリア・トリチシ(Septoria tritici)、セプトリア葉汚斑病(Septoria leaf blotch))はコムギに、またはM.フィジエンシス(M.fijiensis)(シガトーカ病(Sigatoka disease))はバナナにつく;ペロノスポラ属種(Peronospora spp.)(べと病(downy mildew))、これはキャベツ(例としてP.ブラシカエ(P.brassicae))、アブラナ(例としてP.パラシチカ(P.parasitica))、球根植物(例としてP.デストルクトル(P.destructor))、タバコ(P.タバシナ(P.tabacina))およびダイズ(例としてP.マンシュリカ(P.manshurica))につく;ファコプソラ・パキリジ(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)およびP.メイボミアエ(P.meibomiae)(ダイズサビ病(soybean rust))、これはダイズにつく;フィアロホラ属種(Phialophora spp.)、これは例としてブドウ(例としてP.トラケイフィラ(P.tracheiphila)およびP.テトラスポラ(P.tetraspora))およびダイズ(例としてP.グレガタ(P.gregata):茎の病害(stem disease))につく;フォーマ・リンガム(Phoma lingam)(根および茎疫病(root and stem rot))、これはアブラナおよびキャベツにつき、P.ベタエ(P.betae)(斑点病(leaf spot))はテンサイにつく;フォモプシス属種(Phomopsis spp.)、これはヒマワリ、ブドウ(例としてP.ビチコラ(P.viticola):つる割病(dead−arm disease))およびダイズ(例として茎潰瘍(stem canker)/茎枯病(stem blight):P.ファセオリ(P.phaseoli)、テレオモルフ:ジアポルテ・ファセオロラム(Diaporthe phaseolorum))につく;フィソデルマ・メイディス(Physoderma maydis)(褐斑症(brown spot))、これはコーンにつく;フィトフトラ属種(Phytophthora spp.)(萎凋病(wilt disease)、根、葉、茎および果実腐敗病(root,leaf,stem and fruit rot))、これは様々な植物につき、例えばピーマンおよびキュウリ種(例としてP.カプシシ(P.capsici))、ダイズ(例としてP.メガスペルマ(P.megasperma)、syn.P.ソーヤ(P.sojae))、ジャガイモおよびトマト(例としてP.インフェスタンス(P.infestans)、疫病(late blight)および褐色腐敗病(brown rot))および落葉樹(例としてP.ラモルム(P.ramorum)、オーク突然死病(sudden oak death))などにつく;プラスモディオフォラ・ブラシカエ(Plasmodiophora brassicae)(根こぶ(club−root))、これはキャベツ、アブラナ、ダイコンおよび他の植物につく;プラスモパラ属種(Plasmopara spp.)、例としてP.ビチコラ(P.viticola)(ブドウのペロノスポラ(peronospora)、べと病(downy mildew))はブドウに、P.ハルステジイ(P.halstedii)はヒマワリにつく;ポドスファエラ属種(Podosphaera spp.)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew))、これはバラ科植物(Rosaceae)、ホップ、梨果および小軟果につき、例としてP.ロイコトリカ(P.leucotricha)はリンゴにつく;ポリミキサ属種(polymyxa spp.)、これは例として穀類、例えばオオムギおよびコムギ(P.グラミニス(P.graminis))などに、ならびにテンサイ(P.ベタエ(P.betae))につく、ならびにそれらによって伝染するウイルス病;シュードセルコスポレラ・ヘルポトリコイデス(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides)(眼紋病(eyespot)/褐変病(stem break)、テレオモルフ:タペシア・ヤルンダエ(Tapesia yallundae))、これは穀類、例としてコムギまたはオオムギにつく;シュードペロノスポラ(Pseudoperonospora)(べと病(downy mildew))、これは様々な植物につき、例としてP.キュベンシス(P.cubensis)はキュウリ種に、またはP.フミリ(humili)はホップにつく;シュードペジクラ・トラケイフィラ(Pseudopezicula tracheiphila)(角斑葉枯病(angular leaf scorch)、アナモルフ フィアロホラ(Phialophora))、これはブドウにつく;プッシニア属種(Puccinia spp.)(サビ病(rust disease))、これは様々な植物につき、例としてP.トリチシナ(P.triticina)(コムギの赤サビ病(brown rust))、P.ストリイホルミス(P.striiformis)(黄サビ病(yellow rust))、P.ホルデイ(P.hordei)(小サビ病(dwarf leaf rust))、P.グラミニス(P.graminis)(黒サビ病(black rust))またはP.レコンジタ(P.recondita)(ライムギの赤サビ病(brown rust))は穀類、例としてコムギ、オオムギまたはライムギなどに、P.クエニイ(kuehnii)はサトウキビにつき、例として、アスパラガス(例としてP.アスパラギ(P.asparagi))につく;ピレノフォラ(Pyrenophora)(アナモルフ:ドレクスレラ(Drechslera))・トリチシ−レペンチス(tritici repentis)(葉枯病(speckled leaf blotch)))、これはコムギにつき、P.テレス(P.teres)(網斑病(net blotch))はオオムギにつく;ピリクラリア属種(Pyricularia spp.)、例としてP.オリゼ(P.oryzae)(テレオモルフ:マグナポルテ・グリセア(Magnaporthe grisea)、イネイモチ病(rice blast))はイネにつき、P.グリセア(P.grisea)は芝生および穀類につく;フィチウム属種(Pythium spp.)(立枯病(damping−off disease))、これは芝生、イネ、コーン、コムギ、ワタ、アブラナ、ヒマワリ、テンサイ、野菜および他の植物につく(例としてP.ウルチマム(P.ultimum)またはP.アファニデルマツム(P.aphanidermatum));ラムラリア属種(Ramularia spp.)、例としてR.コロ−シグニ(R.collo−cygni)(ラムラリア葉および芝斑点病(Ramularia leaf and lawn spot)/生理的斑点病(physiological leaf spot))はオオムギにつき、R.ベチコラ(R.beticola)はテンサイにつく;リゾクトニア属種(Rhizoctonia spp.)、これはワタ、イネ、ジャガイモ、芝生、コーン、アブラナ、ジャガイモ、テンサイ、野菜および様々な他の植物につき、例えばR.ソラニ(R.solani)(根および茎腐病(root and stern rot)はダイズに、R.ソラニ(R.solani)(紋枯病(sheath blight))はイネに、またはR.セレアリス(R.cerealis)(株腐病(sharp eyespot))はコムギまたはオオムギにつく;リゾプス・ストロニフェル(Rhizopus stolonifer)(軟腐病(soft rot))、これはイチゴ、ニンジン、キャベツ、ブドウおよびトマトにつく;リンコスポリウム・セカリス(Rhynchosporium secalis)(斑点病(leaf spot))、これはオオムギ、ライムギおよびライコムギにつく;サロクラジウム・オリゼ(Sarocladium oryzae)およびS.アテヌアツム(S.attenuatum)(葉鞘腐敗病(sheath rot))、これはイネにつく;スクレロチニア属種(Sclerotinia spp.)(茎腐病または黒腐菌核病(stem or white rot))、これは野菜および農作物、例えばアブラナ、ヒマワリ(例としてスクレロチニア・スクレロチオラム(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum))およびダイズ(例としてS.ロルフシイ(S.rolfsii))などにつく;セプトリア属種(Septoria spp.)、これは様々な植物につき、例としてS.グリシネス(S.glycines)(斑点病(leaf spot))はダイズに、S.トリチシ(S.tritici)(セプトリア葉汚斑病(Septoria leaf blotch))はコムギに、S.(syn.スタゴノスポラ(Stagonospora))・ノドルム(nodorum)(葉汚斑病(leaf blotch)およびふ枯病(glume blotch))は穀類につく;ウンシヌラ(Uncinula)(syn.エリシフェ(Erysiphe))・ネカトル(necator)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew)、アナモルフ:オイディウム・ツッケリ(Oidium tuckeri))、これはブドウにつく;セトスパエリア属種(Setospaeria spp.)(斑点病(leaf spot))、これはコーン(例としてS.ツルシクム(S.turcicum)、syn.ヘルミントスポリウム・ツルシクム(Helminthosporium turcicum))および芝生につく;スファセロテカ属種(Sphacelotheca spp.)(黒穂病(head smut))、これはコーン、(例としてS.レイリアナ(S.reiliana):墨黒穂病(kernel smut))、キビおよびサトウキビにつく;スフェロテカ・フリギネア(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)(ウドンコ病(powdery mildew))、これはキュウリ種につく;スポンゴ
スポラ・スブテラネア(Spongospora subterranea)(粉状そうか病(powdery scab))、これはジャガイモにつく、およびそれらによって伝染するウイルス病;スタゴノスポラ属種(Stagonospora spp.)、これは穀類につき、例としてS.ノドルム(S.nodorum)(葉汚斑病(leaf blotch)およびふ枯病(glume blotch)、テレオモルフ:レプトスフェリア(Leptosphaeria)[syn.ファエオスファエリア(Phaeosphaeria)]・ノドルム(nodorum))はコムギにつく;シンキトリウム・エンドビオチカム(Synchytrium endobioticum)、これはジャガイモにつく(ジャガイモがん腫病(potato wart disease));タフリナ属種(Taphrina spp.)、例としてT.デフォルマンス(T.deformans)(葉巻病(curly−leaf disease))はモモにつき、T.プルニ(T.pruni)(ふくろみ病(plum−pocket disease))はプラムにつく;チエラビオプシス属種(Thielaviopsis spp.)(黒色根腐病(black root rot))、これはタバコ、仁果類、野菜作物、ダイズおよびワタにつく、例としてT.バシコラ(T.basicola)(syn.チャララ・エレガンス(Chalara elegans));チレチア属種(Tilletia spp.)(黒穂病(bunt)またはなまぐさ黒穂病(stinking smut))、これは穀類につき、例としてT.トリチシ(T.tritici)(syn.T.カリエス(T.caries)、コムギ黒穂病(wheat bunt))およびT.コントロベルサ(T.controversa)(萎縮腥黒穂病(dwarf bunt))はコムギにつく;チフラ・インカルナタ(Typhula incarnata)(雪腐小粒菌核病(gray snow mold))、これはオオムギまたはコムギにつく;ウロシスチス属種(Urocystis spp.)、例としてU.オクルタ(U.occulta)(稈黒穂病(flag smut))、これはライムギにつく;ウロミセス属種(Uromyces spp.)(サビ病(rust))、これは野菜植物、例えばインゲンマメ(例としてU.アペンジクラタス(U.appendiculatus)、syn.U.ファセオリ(U.phaseoli))およびテンサイ(例としてU.ベタエ(U.betae))などにつく;ウスチラゴ属種(Ustilago spp.)(裸黒穂病(loose smut))、これは穀類(例としてU.ヌダ(U.nuda)およびU.アバエナエ(U.avaenae))、コーン(例としてU.メイディス(maydis):コーン黒穂病(corn smut))およびサトウキビにつく;ベンツリア属種(Venturia spp.)(黒痘病(scab))、これはリンゴ(例としてV.イナエクアリス(V.inaequalis))およびナシにつき、ならびにベルチシリウム属種(Verticillium spp.)(葉および新芽萎凋病(leaf and shoot wilt))、これは様々な植物、例えば果樹および観賞用樹木、ブドウ、小軟果、野菜および農作物などにつき、例としてV.ダーリアエ(V.dahliae)はイチゴ、アブラナ、ジャガイモおよびトマトなどにつく。
本発明によると、本発明の組み合わせおよび組成物は、植物健康を増強するのに適している。
いくつかの場合において、本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物は、ある特定の濃度または施用量で、除草剤、毒性緩和剤、成長調節剤または植物の性質を改良する剤として、または殺微生物剤として、例えば殺真菌剤、抗真菌剤、殺菌剤、殺ウイルス剤(ウイロイドに対する組成物を包含するもの)として、またはMLO(マイコプラズマ様生物)およびRLO(リケッチア様生物)に対する組成物として用いることもできる。本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物の活性成分は、植物の代謝に介入し、それ故に成長調節剤として用いることもできる。
本発明による組み合わせまたは組成物はまた、植物中で強力な強化効果を呈する。したがって、それらは、望ましくない微生物による攻撃に対する植物の防御を動員させるために用いることができる。
非生物的ストレス耐性、これは、温度耐性、渇水耐性および渇水ストレス後の回復、水使用効率(水消費量低減と相関する)、冠水耐性、オゾンストレスおよびUV耐性、重金属、塩、駆除剤(毒性緩和剤)などの化学物質に対する耐性を含む。
サイズ分布(穀粒、果実など)、均一な成熟、穀粒水分、より良好な粉砕、より良好なワイン醸造、より良好な醸造、果汁収量増加、収穫性、消化性、沈降価、フォーリングナンバー、さや安定性、保存安定性、繊維の長さ/強度/均一性の改良、サイレージ給餌動物の乳および/または肉の品質の向上、調理およびフライへの適応に関する加工性改良を含み;
さらに、果実/穀物品質の改良、サイズ分布(穀粒、果実など)、保存/貯蔵寿命の向上、硬さ/軟らかさ、風味(香り、テクスチャーなど)、等級(大きさ、形状、液果の数など)、房あたりの液果/果実の数、クリスプ性(crispness)、鮮度、ワックスでの被覆、生理的障害の頻度、色などに関する市場性改良を含み;
さらに、所望成分の増加、例としてタンパク質含量、脂肪酸、油含量、油の品質、アミノ酸組成、糖含量、酸含量(pH)、糖/酸比(Brix)、ポリフェノール、デンプン含量、栄養品質、グルテン含量/指数、エネルギー含量、風味などを含み;
およびさらに、望まれない成分の減少、例としてより少ないマイコトキシン、より少ないアフラトキシン、ゲオスミンレベル、フェノール性芳香、ラッカーゼ(lacchase)、ポリフェノールオキシダーゼおよびペルオキシダーゼ、硝酸塩含量などを含む。
本発明はさらに、種子を処理する方法を含む。
加えて、本発明の処理は、収穫された材料ならびにそれから調製される食品および飼料中のマイコトキシン含量を低減させることができる。マイコトキシンとしては、排他的ではないが、とりわけ以下:デオキシニバレノール(DON)、ニバレノール、15−Ac−DON、3−Ac−DON、T2−およびHT2−毒素、フモニシン、ゼアラレノン、モニリホルミン、フザリン、ジアセオトキシスシルペノール(diaceotoxyscirpenol)(DAS)、ボウベリシン、エンニアチン、フザロプロリフェリン、フザレノール、オクラトキシン、パツリン、麦角アルカロイドおよびアフラトキシンが挙げられ、これらは、例えば、以下の真菌:フザリウム属種、例えばF.アクミナタム(F.acuminatum)、F.アシアチカム(F.asiaticum)、F.アベナシウム(F.avenaceum)、F.クルークウェレンス(F.crookwellense)、F.クルモラム(F.culmorum)、F.グラミネアルム(F.graminearum)(ジベレラ・ゼアエ(Gibberella zeae))、F.エクイセチ(F.equiseti)、F.フジコロイ(F.fujikoroi)、F.ムサラム(F.musarum)、F.オキシスポルム(F.oxysporum)、F.プロリフェラタム(F.proliferatum)、F.ポアエ(F.poae)、F.シュードグラミネアルム(F.pseudograminearum)、F.サムブシナム(F.sambucinum)、F.シルピ(F.scirpi)、F.セミテクタム(F.semitectum)、F.ソラニ(F.solani)、F.スポロトリコイデス(F.sporotrichoides)、F.ラングセチアエ(F.langsethiae)、F.サブグルチナンス(F.subglutinans)、F.トリシンクタム(F.tricinctum)、F.ベルチシリオイデス(F.verticillioides)などが、およびまたアスペルギルス属種、例えばA.フラブス(A.flavus)、A.パラシチカス(A.parasiticus)、A.ノミウス(A.nomius)、A.オクラセウス(A.ochraceus)、A.クラバタス(A.clavatus)、A.テレウス(A.terreus)、A.ベルシカラー(A.versicolor)など、ペニシリウム属種、例えばP.ベルコサム(P.verrucosum)、P.ビリジカタム(P.viridicatum)、P.シトリナム(P.citrinum)、P.エキスパンサム(P.expansum)、P.クラビフォルメ(P.claviforme)、P.ロケフォルチ(P.roqueforti)など、クラビセプス属種、例えばC.プルプレア(C.purpurea)、C.フシフォルミス(C.fusiformis)、C.パスパリ(C.paspali)、C.アフリカナ(C.africana)など、スタキボトリス属種(Stachybotrys spec.)などが生産することができる。
本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物はまた、材料の保護において、有害微生物、例えば真菌および昆虫による攻撃および破壊に対して工業材料を保護するために、用いることもできる。
加えて、本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物はまた、非常に良好な抗真菌活性を持つ。それらは、特に皮膚糸状菌および酵母、カビおよび二相性真菌に対して(例えばカンジダ属種(Candida species)、例えばC.アルビカンス(C.albicans)、C.グラブラタ(C.glabrata)などに対して)、およびエピデルモフィトン・フロッコサム(Epidermophyton floccosum)、アスペルギルス属種、例えばA.ニガー(A.niger)およびA.フミガタス(A.fumigatus)など、トリコフィトン属種(Trichophyton species)、例えばT.メンタグロフィテス(T.mentagrophytes)など、ミクロスポロン属種(Microsporon species)、例えばM.カニス(M.canis)およびM.オードウイニイ(M.audouinii)などに対して、非常に幅広い抗真菌活性スペクトルを持つ。これらの真菌のリストは、決してカバーされる真菌スペクトルの限定を構成するものではなく、単に例示的な性質のものである。
既に上で言及されたように、本発明に従って、全ての植物およびそれらの部分を処理することが可能である。好ましい実施形態において、野生型植物種および植物栽培品種、または慣用的な生物学的育種法、例えば交雑またはプロトプラスト融合などにより得られるもの、ならびにそれらの部分が処理される。さらに好ましい実施形態において、適当な場合は慣用法と組み合わせた遺伝子操作法により得られる遺伝子導入植物および植物栽培品種(遺伝子改変生物)ならびにそれらの部分が処理される。用語「部分」または「植物の部分」または「植物部分」は上で説明されている。より好ましくは、市販されているまたは使用されている植物栽培品種の植物が、本発明に従って処理される。植物栽培品種は、新規の性質(「形質」)を持つ、慣用的な育種により、突然変異誘発によりまたは組換えDNA技術により得られた植物を意味するものと理解される。それらは栽培品種、品種、生物型または遺伝子型であることができる。
1)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスからの殺虫性結晶タンパク質もしくはその殺虫性部分、例えばCrickmoreらにより収載され(1998,Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,62:807−813)、Crickmoreら(2005)によりバチルス・チューリンゲンシス毒素命名法において更新された、http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/でオンラインである殺虫性結晶タンパク質、もしくはその殺虫性部分など、例として、Cryタンパク質のクラスCry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1B、Cry1C、Cry1D、Cry1F、Cry2Ab、Cry3AaもしくはCry3Bbであるタンパク質もしくはその殺虫性部分(例としてEP−A1999141およびWO2007/107302)、もしくは例として米国特許出願第12/249,016号中に記載されているような合成遺伝子によりコードされるかかるタンパク質;または
2)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスからの第二の他の結晶タンパク質もしくはその部分の存在下で殺虫性であるバチルス・チューリンゲンシスからの結晶タンパク質もしくはその部分、例えばCry34およびCry35結晶タンパク質から形成されるバイナリートキシン(Nat.Biotechnol.2001,19,668−72;Applied Environm.Microbiol.2006,71,1765−1774)、もしくは、Cry1AもしくはCry1Fタンパク質とCry2AaもしくはCry2AbもしくはCry2Aeタンパク質とから形成されるバイナリートキシン(米国特許出願第12/214,022号およびEP−A2300618)など;または
3)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスからの異なる殺虫性結晶タンパク質の一部を含むハイブリッド殺虫性タンパク質、例えば上記1)のタンパク質のハイブリッドもしくは上記2)のタンパク質のハイブリッドなど、例として、コーンイベントMON89034により生産されるCry1A.105タンパク質(WO2007/027777);または
4)上記1)から3)のうちのいずれか1のタンパク質であって、標的昆虫種に対するより高い殺虫活性を得るために、および/もしくは作用する標的昆虫種の範囲を拡大するために、および/もしくはクローニングもしくは形質転換中にコーディングDNA内に導入された変化が原因で、いくつか、とりわけ1から10個のアミノ酸が別のアミノ酸により置き換えられたタンパク質、例えばコーンイベントMON863もしくはMON88017におけるCry3Bb1タンパク質、もしくはコーンイベントMIR604におけるCry3Aタンパク質など;または
5)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスもしくはバチルス・セレウス(Bacillus cereus)からの殺虫性分泌タンパク質もしくはその殺虫性部分、例えばhttp://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.htmlに収載されている栄養成長期殺虫性タンパク質(VIP)など、例として、VIP3Aaタンパク質クラスからのタンパク質;または
6)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスもしくはバチルス・セレウスからの第二の分泌タンパク質の存在下で殺虫性である、バチルス・チューリンゲンシスもしくはバチルス・セレウスからの分泌タンパク質、例えばVIP1AおよびVIP2Aタンパク質から形成されるバイナリートキシン(WO94/21795)など;または
7)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスもしくはバチルス・セレウスからの異なる分泌タンパク質からの一部を含むハイブリッド殺虫性タンパク質、例えば上記1)におけるタンパク質のハイブリッドもしくは上記2)におけるタンパク質のハイブリッドなど;または
8)上記5)から7)のうちのいずれか1のタンパク質であって、標的昆虫種に対するより高い殺虫活性を得るために、および/もしくは作用する標的昆虫種の範囲を拡大するために、および/もしくは(なお殺虫性タンパク質をコードしながらも)クローニングもしくは形質転換中にコーディングDNA内に導入された変化が原因で、いくつか、とりわけ1から10個のアミノ酸が別のアミノ酸により置き換えられたタンパク質、例えばワタイベントCOT102におけるVIP3Aaタンパク質など;または
9)バチルス・チューリンゲンシスからの結晶タンパク質の存在下で殺虫性である、バチルス・チューリンゲンシスもしくはバチルス・セレウスからの分泌タンパク質、例えばVIP3とCry1AもしくはCry1Fとから形成されるバイナリートキシン(米国特許出願第61/126083号および第61/195019号)、もしくはVIP3タンパク質とCry2AaもしくはCry2AbもしくはCry2Aeタンパク質とから形成されるバイナリートキシン(米国特許出願第12/214,022号およびEP−A2300618)など;または
10)上記9)のタンパク質であって、標的昆虫種に対するより高い殺虫活性を得るために、および/もしくは作用する標的昆虫種の範囲を拡大するために、および/もしくは(なお殺虫性タンパク質をコードしながらも)クローニングもしくは形質転換中にコーディングDNA内に導入された変化が原因で、いくつか、とりわけ1から10個のアミノ酸が別のアミノ酸により置き換えられたタンパク質。
1)WO00/04173、WO2006/045633、EP−A1807519またはEP−A2018431中に記載されているような、植物細胞または植物内でポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)遺伝子の発現および/または活性を低減させる能力がある導入遺伝子を含有する植物。
1)その物理化学的特性、とりわけアミロース含量またはアミロース/アミロペクチン比、分岐度、平均鎖長、側鎖分布、粘度挙動、ゲル強度、デンプン粒の大きさおよび/またはデンプン粒の形態が野生型の植物細胞または植物において合成されたデンプンと比較して変化しており、そのために特別な用途により良く適している改質デンプンを合成する遺伝子導入植物。改質デンプンを合成する前記遺伝子導入植物は、例えば、EP−A0571427、WO95/04826、EP−A0719338、WO96/15248、WO96/19581、WO96/27674、WO97/11188、WO97/26362、WO97/32985、WO97/42328、WO97/44472、WO97/45545、WO98/27212、WO98/40503、WO99/58688、WO99/58690、WO99/58654、WO00/08184、WO00/08185、WO00/08175、WO00/28052、WO00/77229、WO01/12782、WO01/12826、WO02/101059、WO03/071860、WO04/056999、WO05/030942、WO2005/030941、WO2005/095632、WO2005/095617、WO2005/095619、WO2005/095618、WO2005/123927、WO2006/018319、WO2006/103107、WO2006/108702、WO2007/009823、WO00/22140、WO2006/063862、WO2006/072603、WO02/034923、WO2008/017518、WO2008/080630、WO2008/080631、EP07090007.1、WO2008/090008、WO01/14569、WO02/79410、WO03/33540、WO2004/078983、WO01/19975、WO95/26407、WO96/34968、WO98/20145、WO99/12950、WO99/66050、WO99/53072、US6,734,341、WO00/11192、WO98/22604、WO98/32326、WO01/98509、WO01/98509、WO2005/002359、US5,824,790、US6,013,861、WO94/04693、WO94/09144、WO94/11520、WO95/35026、WO97/20936、WO2010/012796、WO2010/003701中に開示されている。
a)WO98/00549中に記載されているような、変化形のセルロースシンターゼ遺伝子を含有する植物、例えばワタ植物など。
a)例としてUS5,969,169、US5,840,946またはUS6,323,392またはUS6,063,947中に記載されているような、オレイン酸含量が高い油を生産する植物、例えばアブラナ植物など。
− 申請:申請の識別番号。形質転換イベントの技術的記載は、本申請番号を参照することにより例えばAPHISウェブサイト上でAPHISから入手可能である個々の申請書類中に見出すことができる。これらの記載は、参照により本明細書中に組み込まれる。
いる、WO01/041558またはUS−A2003−188347中に記載されている);イベントRT73(アブラナ、除草剤耐性、寄託されていない、WO02/036831またはUS−A2008−070260中に記載されている);イベントT227−1(テンサイ、除草剤耐性、寄託されていない、WO02/44407またはUS−A2009−265817中に記載されている);イベントT25(コーン、除草剤耐性、寄託されていない、US−A2001−029014またはWO01/051654中に記載されている);イベントT304−40(ワタ、昆虫防除−除草剤耐性、ATCC PTA−8171として寄託されている、US−A2010−077501またはWO2008/122406中に記載されている);イベントT342−142(ワタ、昆虫防除、寄託されていない、WO2006/128568中に記載されている);イベントTC1507(コーン、昆虫防除−除草剤耐性、寄託されていない、US−A2005−039226またはWO2004/099447中に記載されている);イベントVIP1034(コーン、昆虫防除−除草剤耐性、ATCC PTA−3925として寄託されている、WO03/052073中に記載されている)、イベント32316(コーン、昆虫防除−除草剤耐性、PTA−11507として寄託されている、WO2011/084632中に記載されている)、イベント4114(コーン、昆虫防除−除草剤耐性、PTA−11506として寄託されている、WO2011/084621中に記載されている)が挙げられる。
本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物を殺真菌剤として用いる場合、施用量は、施用の種類に応じて、比較的広い範囲内で変えることができる。本発明の組み合わせまたは組成物の施用量は、
・ 植物部分の処理の場合、例えば葉:0.1から10000g/ha、好ましくは10から1000g/ha、より好ましくは10から800g/ha、なおより好ましくは50から300g/ha(灌水または点滴注入による施用の場合、特に不活性基材、例えばロックウールまたはパーライトなどが用いられる際に、施用量を低減させることはなお可能である);
・ 種子処理の場合:100kgの種子あたり2から200g、好ましくは100kgの種子あたり3から150g、より好ましくは100kgの種子あたり2.5から25g、なおより好ましくは100kgの種子あたり2.5から12.5g;
・ 土壌処理の場合:0.1から10000g/ha、好ましくは1から5000g/ha
である。
に言及しており、式中、Eは、規定された用量(例えばそれぞれxおよびyに等しい)における2つの化合物の組み合わせについての有害生物阻害の予想されるパーセンテージを表し、Xは、規定された用量(xに等しい)における化合物(A)によって有害生物に対して観察された阻害のパーセンテージであり、Yは、規定された用量(yに等しい)における化合物(B)によって有害生物に対して観察された阻害のパーセンテージである。組み合わせについて観察された阻害のパーセンテージがEより大きい場合、相乗効果がある。
Xが、活性化合物Aがm g/haの施用量で使われたときの効力であり、
Yが、活性化合物Bがn g/haの施用量で使われたときの効力であり、
Eが、活性化合物AおよびBがmおよびn g/haの施用量で使われたときの効力である場合、
E=X+Y−(X*Y)/100
である。
溶媒:49重量部のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド
乳化剤:1重量部のアルキルアリールポリグリコールエーテル
活性化合物の好適な調合剤を生産するため、1重量部の活性化合物または活性化合物組み合わせを定められた量の溶媒および乳化剤と混合し、濃縮物を水で所望の濃度に希釈する。
例2 レプトスフェリア・ノドラム(Leptosphaeria nodorum)試験(コムギ)/予防的
溶媒:49重量部のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド
乳化剤:1重量部のアルキルアリールポリグリコールエーテル
活性化合物の好適な調合剤を生産するため、1重量部の活性化合物または活性化合物組み合わせを定められた量の溶媒および乳化剤と混合し、濃縮物を水で所望の濃度に希釈する。
例3 セプトリア・トリチシ(Septoria tritici)−試験(コムギ)/予防的
溶媒:49重量部のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド
乳化剤:1重量部のアルキルアリールポリグリコールエーテル
活性化合物の好適な調合剤を生産するため、1重量部の活性化合物または活性化合物組み合わせを定められた量の溶媒および乳化剤と混合し、濃縮物を水で所望の濃度に希釈する。
例4 ブルメリア(Blumeria)試験(オオムギ)/予防的
溶媒:49重量部のN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド
乳化剤:1重量部のアルキルアリールポリグリコールエーテル
活性化合物の好適な調合剤を生産するため、1重量部の活性化合物または活性化合物組み合わせを定められた量の溶媒および乳化剤と混合し、濃縮物を水で所望の濃度に希釈する。
Claims (14)
- (A)イソチアニル、ならびに
(B)以下より構成される群から選択される少なくとも1のさらなる化合物
(B1)チアジニル(2.1)およびプロベナゾール(2.2)から選択される宿主防御誘導剤の群のメンバー
を含む組成物。 - 構成成分(A):(B)を1:25から25:1の重量比で含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1または2に記載の組成物を、増量剤、界面活性剤またはそれらの組み合わせと混合することを含む、組成物を調製する方法。
- 真菌および細菌を包含する植物病原性微生物を防除する方法であって、前記微生物またはそれらの生息場所に請求項1または2に記載の組成物を接触させること、または構成成分(A)であるイソチアニルと構成成分(B)であるチアジニル(2.1)およびプロベナゾール(2.2)から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物の組み合わせを接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 植物病原性細菌が、イネにおけるアシドボラクス・アベナエ(Acidovorax avenae)および/またはブルクホルデリア・グラマエ(Burkholderia glumae)、柑橘類におけるカンジダツス リベリバクター属種(Candidatus Liberibacter spec.)および/またはキサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型シトリ(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri)、キウイにおけるシュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型アクチニダエ(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae)、モモにおけるキサントモナス・カムペストリス(Xanthomonas campestris)および/またはキサントモナス・カムペストリス病原型プルニ(Xanthomonas campestris pv.pruni)、ダイズにおけるシュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型グリシネア(Pseudomonas syringae pv.glycinea)および/またはキサントモナス・アクソノポディス病原型グリシネス(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines)、穀類におけるブルクホルデリア属種(Burkholderia spec.)および/またはキサントモナス・トランスルセンス(Xanthomonas transluscens)、トマトにおけるシュードモナス・シリンガエ(Pseudomonas syringae)、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型トマト(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato)および/またはキサントモナス・カムペストリス(Xanthomonas campestris)、キュウリにおけるシュードモナス・シリンガエ(Pseudomonas syringae)および/またはシュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型ラクリマンス(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans)、ジャガイモにおけるエルウィニア・アトロセプチカ(Erwinia atroseptica)、エルウィニア・カラトボラ(Erwinia caratovora)および/またはストレプトマイセス・スカビエス(Streptomyces scabies)から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 構成成分(A)および(B)を同時にまたは逐次的に施用することを含む、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 葉面および土壌処理の場合に請求項1または2の組成物の量が0.1g/haから10kg/haである、請求項4から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 種子を処理する方法であって、前記種子を請求項1または2に記載の組成物と接触させること、または構成成分(A)であるイソチアニルと構成成分(B)であるチアジニル(2.1)およびプロベナゾール(2.2)から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物の組み合わせと接触させることを含む、前記方法。
- 種子が遺伝子導入種子である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 請求項1または2の組成物の量が2から200g/100kg種子である、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- 種子が、構成成分(B)で処理されるのと同時に構成成分(A)で処理される、請求項8から10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 種子が、構成成分(B)で処理されるのと異なる時に構成成分(A)で処理される、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の組成物で処理された、種子。
- 種子が遺伝子導入種子である、請求項13に記載の種子。
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