JP6162047B2 - 薬物送達装置 - Google Patents
薬物送達装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6162047B2 JP6162047B2 JP2013552621A JP2013552621A JP6162047B2 JP 6162047 B2 JP6162047 B2 JP 6162047B2 JP 2013552621 A JP2013552621 A JP 2013552621A JP 2013552621 A JP2013552621 A JP 2013552621A JP 6162047 B2 JP6162047 B2 JP 6162047B2
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
- A61M31/002—Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
- A61M5/14244—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body
- A61M5/14276—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body specially adapted for implantation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
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Description
本出願は2011年2月2日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/438,934号の優先権および恩典を主張し、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所が授与した助成金番号2 R01 DC006848-04A1の下での政府支援により行った。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は概して、流体をリザーバから患者に輸送するためにカテーテルおよび/またはカニューレを使用する薬物送達デバイスの分野に関し、より詳細には、薬物を患者の体液、例えばヒトの耳中の外リンパに導入するためのデバイス、ならびに難聴ならびに他の聴力障害および前庭機能障害の処置のために薬物を蝸牛に注入するための方法に関する。
感音難聴(SNHL)は一般的であり、ヒトの伝達および生活の質に対するその影響は著しい。米国内の約2800万人の個人が難聴に罹患していると推定される。高齢化が進行するに従って、難聴の罹患率は急速に上昇して2030年までに2倍近くになると予想される。原因は、加齢および遺伝的障害に関連する変性プロセスから、大きな音および毒性の作用物質に対する環境曝露に及ぶ。結果は、中程度の伝達困難および引きこもりから、重度の聴覚消失およびそれによる著しい困難に及ぶ。現在、SNHLの管理は補聴器および人工蝸牛の使用が中心である。しかし、そのような処置は難聴の予防に対応することができず、難聴の進行を最小化することができず、最適なデバイス装着によっても損傷を受けた耳の基本的能力を増大させることができない。結果として、多くのユーザーは著しい伝達困難を経験し続けている。
上記で論じたように、従来の薬物注入器は、液体薬物をリザーバからポンピングするために、マクロスケールで機械加工された構成要素を利用している。本発明の様々な態様は、これらの構成要素を薬物の貯蔵および放出のためのマイクロポンプとMEMSとの合成による解決策で代替するものであり、この合成によってより大きな機能性を有するより小さなデバイスが得られる。これは内耳、および体内の他のこれまで到達不可能であった場所の、全身送達の副作用のない新たな直接処置に道を開く。
式中、ηは動的粘度であり、Lはチューブの長さであり、DIはチューブの内径である。
式中、EYは弾性率であり、DOは外径であり、DIはやはりチューブの内径を指す。あるいは、チューブ部分における気泡の長さの圧縮率を使用するために、キャパシタンスを下記式で近似的に記述することができる:
式中、L0は圧力P0での気泡の長さであり、Pは気泡圧である。この式が非線形要素を記述する(すなわち、それが圧力に依存する)ことに留意すべきである。分析では、気泡の平均圧力(すなわちP=P平均)は、平均がその平均からの最大偏差に比べて大きい限りにおいて、気泡容量のかなり正確な推定値を与える。
式中、I0は出力チューブを通じた流体の流動であり、ISは源流であり、システム利得、非減衰固有周波数、減衰比、ならびに高周波数および低周波数ポールはそれぞれ下記式で与えられる。
式中、Vストロークはポンプのストローク量であり、fpはポンプ周波数である。この場合、ポンプは、やはりそれが最長システム時定数よりも長い間「作動した」ままであると仮定して、ステップ関数流れ(流動)源として具現化される。
で示され、したがって式(5)は下記式となり:
時間領域ステップ応答は下記式の通りであり:
式中、IS0はポンプ流量振幅である。時間依存的応答は指数関数的減衰が理由で大時刻的にゼロに接近する。その積分である流体量は下記式で示され:
これは下記式で示される一定の値に漸近的に接近する。
したがって、ポンプが適切に性能を発揮するように構成要素の値を慎重に選択することが重要である。上記の各例示的態様において、一次供給ラインおよび戻りラインのみが、システム中のキャパシタンスに著しく寄与するのに十分なコンプライアンスを有すると仮定されたことに留意すべきである。計算において使用された弾性率は11MPaであった。
[本発明1001]
体腔へのおよび体腔からの、送達チャネルの管腔を通じた流体の流動を促進するための、出口を含む送達チャネルと、
実質的に無視できる流動を該出口において生成しながら該送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための手段と、
該薬物および担体流体を該送達チャネルを通じて該出口外および該体腔内に送るための第一のアクチュエータと
を含む、ある期間にわたって薬物を体腔内の体液中に送達するための薬物送達装置。
[本発明1002]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記出口において生成しながら前記送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための前記手段が、前記薬物を保持するための薬物供給リザーバと、前記担体流体を受け取るための廃棄物リザーバとを含み、該薬物供給リザーバが薬物供給弁を経由して該送達チャネルと流体結合しており、該廃棄物リザーバが廃棄物弁を経由して該送達チャネルと流体結合している、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1003]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記出口において生成しながら前記送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための前記手段が、制御された希釈度で該薬物を前記体腔に送達するように前記薬物供給弁、前記廃棄物弁および前記第一のアクチュエータを制御するための制御システムをさらに含む、本発明1002の装置。
[本発明1004]
前記薬物供給リザーバが加圧リザーバである、本発明1002の装置。
[本発明1005]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記出口において生成しながら前記送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための前記手段が、該薬物を該送達チャネル中に送達するための第二のアクチュエータを含む、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1006]
前記第一のアクチュエータが薬物および担体流体の流動を引き起こす速度と実質的に同様の速度で、前記第二のアクチュエータが薬物の流動を引き起こす、本発明1005の装置。
[本発明1007]
前記装置に入る内在性流体の性質を測定するためのセンサをさらに含む、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1008]
聴覚系を電気刺激するための人工蝸牛と一体化するように適応した、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1009]
聴覚障害を処置するために薬物を蝸牛に送達するように適応した、本発明1008の装置。
[本発明1010]
埋め込み手術の副作用を減少させるように適応した、本発明1008の装置。
[本発明1011]
前記人工器官の性能を向上させるように適応した、本発明1008の装置。
[本発明1012]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記出口において生成しながら前記送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための前記手段が、(i) 該送達チャネルと流体連通するリザーバと、(ii) 該薬物を該リザーバから該送達チャネル中に送るための、ならびに前記担体流体の少なくとも一部分を該送達チャネル外および該リザーバ中に引き出すための投薬ポンプとを含む、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1013]
前記リザーバが、前記送達チャネルの長さよりも長いリザーバチャネルを含む、本発明1012の装置。
[本発明1014]
前記リザーバチャネルの長さが該リザーバチャネルの幅および高さの両方よりも長い、本発明1013の装置。
[本発明1015]
前記リザーバがポリイミドの平坦なシートの状態で形成される、本発明1012の装置。
[本発明1016]
前記投薬ポンプが前記薬物を一方向にのみ送るように構成される、本発明1012の装置。
[本発明1017]
前記投薬ポンプが1ストローク当たり少なくとも200nLを送達するように構成される、本発明1012の装置。
[本発明1018]
前記第一のアクチュエータが往復膜を含む、本発明1001の装置。
[本発明1019]
ある期間にわたって薬物を体腔内の体液中に送達するための方法であって、
実質的に無視できる流動を送達チャネルの出口において生成しながら薬物供給リザーバから該送達チャネル中に薬物を装填する段階と、
該薬物および担体流体を該送達チャネルを通じて該出口外および該体腔内に送るようにアクチュエータを駆動する段階とを含む、方法。
[本発明1020]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記送達チャネルの前記出口において生成しながら前記薬物供給リザーバから該送達チャネル中に前記薬物を装填する段階が、
該薬物供給リザーバからの該薬物が該送達チャネルに入ることを可能にするように薬物供給弁を開放する段階、
該送達チャネル中の前記担体流体の少なくとも一部分が廃棄物リザーバに入ることを可能にするように廃棄物弁を開放する段階、
所望の量の該薬物が該送達チャネルに入った後に該薬物供給弁を閉鎖する段階、および
該薬物が該廃棄物リザーバに入る前に該廃棄物弁を閉鎖する段階
を含む、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1021]
前記出口において流動が発生しないように、前記送達チャネルに入るある量の前記薬物が、該送達チャネル中の等量の前記担体流体を前記廃棄物リザーバ中に移動させる、本発明1020の方法。
[本発明1022]
前記出口を通じた前記薬物の送達後に担体流体の流動を逆転させるように前記アクチュエータを逆転させる段階をさらに含む、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1023]
実質的に無視できる流動を前記送達チャネルの前記出口において生成しながら前記薬物供給リザーバから該送達チャネル中に前記薬物を装填する段階が、
該薬物を該薬物供給リザーバから該送達チャネル中に送るように、かつ前記担体流体の少なくとも一部分を該送達チャネル外および該薬物供給リザーバ中に引き出すように、投薬ポンプを駆動する段階、ならびに
所定量の該薬物を該送達チャネル中に送達した後に該投薬ポンプを駆動停止する段階
を含む、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1024]
前記送達チャネル中に送られる薬物の量が、前記薬物供給リザーバ中に引き出される前記担体流体の量に実質的に等しい、本発明1023の方法。
[本発明1025]
前記投薬ポンプが薬物を一方向にのみ送る、本発明1023の方法。
[本発明1026]
前記投薬ポンプが1ストローク当たり少なくとも200nLを送達する、本発明1023の方法。
[本発明1027]
前記投薬ポンプが1回のストローク後に駆動停止される、本発明1023の方法。
[本発明1028]
前記薬物供給リザーバが、前記送達チャネルの長さよりも長いリザーバチャネルを含む、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1029]
前記リザーバチャネルの長さが該リザーバチャネルの幅および高さの両方よりも長い、本発明1028の方法。
[本発明1030]
前記薬物供給リザーバがポリイミドの平坦なシートの状態で形成される、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1031]
前記アクチュエータが往復膜を含む、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1032]
前記アクチュエータが、パルス状の流動を送達することで前記送達チャネルの閉塞を防止するかまたは逆転させるように駆動される、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1033]
体腔へのおよび体腔からの、カニューレの管腔を通じた流体の流動を促進するためのカニューレと、
該カニューレと流体連通する管腔を規定する少なくとも1つの中空部材であって、該少なくとも1つの中空部材および該カニューレが、流体が該少なくとも1つの中空部材および該カニューレから出る速度とは異なる速度で流体で満たされるように適応した、中空部材と、
該カニューレまたは該少なくとも1つの中空部材の少なくとも一方内に配置された、漏出経路を有する逆止弁と、
流体を該少なくとも1つの中空部材および該カニューレを通じて送るための、非連続的に動作するように適応したアクチュエータと
を含む、ある期間にわたって薬物を体腔内の体液中に送達するための薬物送達装置。
[本発明1034]
前記アクチュエータがリニアモータ、カムを有する回転モータ、ラッチ機構を有するソレノイド、ラッチ機構を有する電磁石、双安定モードを有するソレノイド、または双安定モードを有する電磁石のうちの1つを含む、本発明1033の装置。
[本発明1035]
前記少なくとも1つの中空部材と流体連通する薬物貯蔵要素をさらに含む、本発明1033の装置。
[本発明1036]
前記薬物貯蔵要素が複数の区画を含み、各区画が使い捨て弁によって前記少なくとも1つの中空部材から隔てられている、本発明1035の装置。
[本発明1037]
薬物が連続的かつ受動的に前記流体中に放出されるように、前記薬物貯蔵要素が浸食性の固体構成またはポリマー構成の少なくとも一方を含む、本発明1035の装置。
[本発明1038]
選択された治療順序に従って処置を行うように、前記薬物貯蔵要素がそれぞれ別々の時間間隔で複数の化合物を放出するように適応した、本発明1035の装置。
[本発明1039]
前記装置に入る内在性流体の性質を測定するためのセンサをさらに含む、本発明1033の装置。
[本発明1040]
聴覚系を電気刺激するための人工蝸牛と一体化するように適応した、本発明1033の装置。
[本発明1041]
聴覚障害を処置するために薬物を蝸牛に送達するように適応した、本発明1040の装置。
[本発明1042]
埋め込み手術の副作用を減少させるように適応した、本発明1040の装置。
[本発明1043]
前記人工器官の性能を向上させるように適応した、本発明1040の装置。
Claims (15)
- 体腔へのおよび体腔からの、送達チャネルの管腔を通じた流体の流動を促進するための、出口を含む送達チャネルと、
実質的に無視できる流動を該出口において生成しながら該送達チャネル中に薬物を装填するための、第一のアクチュエータとは独立に制御される薬物投薬ポンプと、
該薬物および担体流体を該送達チャネルを通じて該出口外および該体腔内に送るための第一のアクチュエータと
を含む、ある期間にわたって薬物を体腔内の体液中に送達するための薬物送達装置。 - 前記薬物を保持するための薬物供給リザーバと、前記担体流体を受け取るための廃棄物リザーバとをさらに含み、該薬物供給リザーバが薬物供給弁を経由して該送達チャネルと流体結合しており、該廃棄物リザーバが廃棄物弁を経由して該送達チャネルと流体結合している、請求項1記載の装置。
- 制御された希釈度で該薬物を前記体腔に送達するように前記薬物供給弁、前記廃棄物弁および前記第一のアクチュエータを制御するための制御システムをさらに含む、請求項2記載の装置。
- 前記薬物供給リザーバが加圧リザーバである、請求項2記載の装置。
- 前記第一のアクチュエータが薬物および担体流体の流動を引き起こす速度と実質的に同様の速度で、前記薬物投薬ポンプが薬物の流動を引き起こす、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記装置に入る内在性流体の性質を測定するためのセンサをさらに含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 聴覚系を電気刺激するための人工蝸牛と一体化するように適応した、請求項1記載の装置。
- 聴覚障害を処置するために薬物を蝸牛に送達するように適応した、請求項7記載の装置。
- 前記薬物投薬ポンプが、該送達チャネルと流体連通するリザーバを含み、かつ、該薬物を該リザーバから該送達チャネル中に送り、ならびに前記担体流体の少なくとも一部分を該送達チャネル外および該リザーバ中に引き出すように構成されている、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記リザーバが、前記送達チャネルの長さよりも長いリザーバチャネルを含む、請求項9記載の装置。
- 前記リザーバチャネルの長さが該リザーバチャネルの幅および高さの両方よりも長い、請求項10記載の装置。
- 前記リザーバがポリイミドの平坦なシートの状態で形成される、請求項9記載の装置。
- 前記薬物投薬ポンプが前記薬物を一方向にのみ送るように構成される、請求項9記載の装置。
- 前記薬物投薬ポンプが1ストローク当たり少なくとも200nLを送達するように構成される、請求項9記載の装置。
- 前記第一のアクチュエータが往復膜を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
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JP6655043B2 (ja) | 2020-02-26 |
EP2670456B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
CA2825757C (en) | 2019-09-03 |
US9764121B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
WO2012106501A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
CA2825757A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
US20130053823A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
JP2017159080A (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
US20150157837A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
EP2670456A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
JP2014507221A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
US8876795B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
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