JP5948243B2 - イオン交換膜 - Google Patents
イオン交換膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5948243B2 JP5948243B2 JP2012526976A JP2012526976A JP5948243B2 JP 5948243 B2 JP5948243 B2 JP 5948243B2 JP 2012526976 A JP2012526976 A JP 2012526976A JP 2012526976 A JP2012526976 A JP 2012526976A JP 5948243 B2 JP5948243 B2 JP 5948243B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exchange membrane
- membrane
- resistance
- ion
- monomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCS(O)(=O)=O PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical group FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroprop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAFFWOKULJCCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZAFFWOKULJCCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-prop-2-enylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 15
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1NC2 QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine Chemical compound C1NCCN2CCCC21 FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCGFYEMHSXGAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(=O)OCCS(O)(=O)=O CCGFYEMHSXGAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001070 Techron Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWMFAFLIWMPZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene Chemical compound N=1CCNC=1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCCN1 LWMFAFLIWMPZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CJGJYOBXQLCLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enoxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)COCC=C CJGJYOBXQLCLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trifluoroethenylbenzene Chemical class FC(F)=C(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMUBNWIGNSIRDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trichloroprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl WMUBNWIGNSIRDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZAZJKDKAKKMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(ethenyl)benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C=C BFZAZJKDKAKKMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LTHJXDSHSVNJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEBDGRTWECSNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(=C)C(O)=O HEBDGRTWECSNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFNGWPXYNSJXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCS(O)(=O)=O KFNGWPXYNSJXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IRQWEODKXLDORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000047703 Nonion Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPEHQHXBPDGGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;propan-2-one Chemical compound CC#N.CC(C)=O GPEHQHXBPDGGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- UACSZOWTRIJIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCO UACSZOWTRIJIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011173 large scale experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)OC ZQMHJBXHRFJKOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNTIBYGPJVJCCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C RNTIBYGPJVJCCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002047 photoemission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
操作時の電位降下を抑え且つエネルギー効率を高める、低い電気抵抗、
高い透過選択性−即ち、対イオン透過性は高いが、共イオンがほとんど透過しないこと、
高い化学的安定性−0〜14のpH及び酸化性化学薬品に対する耐久性、並びに
機械的強度−膜は、モジュール又は他の処理装置への組込み中に受ける応力に耐えられなければならず、膜は、また、操作中、良好な寸法安定性を有している必要があり、しかも接触している流体の濃度又は温度が変化したときに過度に膨潤又は収縮してはならない−である。
特許文献6には、イオン交換材料を含浸させた延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン支持膜からなり、総厚が0.025mm未満の複合膜が記載されている。
特許文献7及び特許文献8には、また、ナフィオン(Nafion(登録商標))(デラウェア州ウィルミントンのE.I.デュポン社(E.I.Dupont))を含浸させた微小孔を有する延伸PTFE基材からなる、複合膜が記載されている。ゴア−セレクト(Gore−Select(登録商標))膜(ミッドランド州エルクトンのW.L.ゴア&アソシエーツ社)は、イオン交換材料を含浸させた微小孔を有する延伸PTFE膜からなる、複合膜である。
特許文献11には、多孔性基材と置換トリフルオロスチレンポリマー及びコポリマーを含んでなるイオン交換材料とからなる複合膜が記載されている。
・見掛けの選択透過性の平均=93.75%
・標準偏差=0.0031
・配合:TMAEMC 58.1%、EGDM 18.1%、DPG 16.4%、1−プロパノール 6.7%、AIBN 0.7%。基材:テクロン(Teklon)、35μm、空孔率48%。
以下の実施例は、主題である膜の開発に費やした尽力の度合いを表わすことを意図したものである。研究知見から、所望の特性を有するイオン交換膜が製造できることと、追加実験によって改善が見込まれることが示された。これらの結果は、膜開発に係る分野及び関連分野の当業者に、開発方向を説明し指し示すことを意図したものであって、本明細書に開示された事項の範囲を限定することを意図したものではない。使用した支持体の特性及び供給元を、以下の表1に示す。
処理溶液は、イオン性スルホン化メタクリレート−2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM、CAS番号10595−80−9)及びエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(EGDM、CAS番号97−90−5)に、非反応性溶媒であるN−メチルピロリドン(NMP、CAS番号873−50−4)及びフリーラジカル重合開始剤2,2−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN、CAS番号78−67−1)であるデュポン(DuPont)社製バゾ(VAZO)−64を加えて調製した。次のとおり、配合した。
処理溶液は、イオン性スルホン化メタクリレート−2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM、CAS番号10595−80−9)及びエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(EGDM、CAS番号97−90−5に、より高い比率の非反応性溶媒N−メチルピロリドン(NMP、CAS番号873−50−4)及びフリーラジカル重合開始剤2,2−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN、CAS番号78−67−1)であるデュポン(DuPont)社製バゾ(VAZO)−64を加えて調製した。次のとおり、配合した(重量%)。
この一連の試料は、以下の配合を用いて通常の方法で作製した。結果を表9に示す。
アニオン交換膜を作製するために使用する架橋剤の種類及び支持体を変えて一連の実験を行なった。結果を表11に示す。配合は、いずれも、TMAEMC 16.1%、DPG 6.8%、N−プロパノール 3.6%、架橋剤 18.8%及びバゾ(VAZO)0.6%であった。コーティング配合物/支持体欄においては、使用した架橋剤名を挙げている。
本実施例における比較によって、本質的に無欠陥の膜の追加証拠を示す。本明細書における前記説明に従って作製した膜を、より厚い(120〜160μm)市販の電気透析膜と比較検討した。これらの膜に用いた配合を表15に示す。
・カチオン種:平均抵抗=0.9163Ωcm2、標準偏差=0.42Ωcm2、見掛けの選択透過性の平均=104%
・アニオン種:平均抵抗=0.8132Ωcm2、標準偏差=0.35Ωcm2、見掛けの選択透過性の平均=93.5%
・カチオン種:抵抗=約2.8Ωcm2、見掛けの選択透過性=94%
・アニオン種:抵抗=約2.8Ωcm2、見掛けの選択透過性=104%
膜の抵抗及び対イオン輸率(選択透過性)は、電気化学セルを用いて測定することができる。この卓上試験によれば、小さな試料片を用いて、非常に有効かつ迅速な実験が行なえる。本項では、その装置と手順とを説明する。
(1)ソーラートロン(Solartron)1280電気化学測定装置
ソーラートロン1280電気化学測定装置により、セルの両側の2枚の白金電極間に電流を印加して、膜を隔てた電圧降下を測定することができる。この装置は、作用電極(WE)、対電極(CE)並びに参照電極(RE1及びRE2)の4つのコネクタを有している。CEとWEは、電流を印加するのに用いられ、RE1とRE2は電圧降下の測定に用いられる。
膜の特性評価に用いた参照電極(図1の挿入図参照)は、R&Dラボ(R&D Lab)製である。4分の1インチのガラス棒を、軟化してから、図示した形になるように曲げて伸ばす。このチップに、多孔性プラグを挿入して、溶液の流れを低速に制御する。
図2は、膜の抵抗及び対イオン選択透過性の測定実験で用いる、精密電気化学試験セル10の構造を表わしている。膜は、ダイカッターを用いてディスク状にカットする。参照電極は、試験膜14を隔てた電圧降下をモニターするために使用し、2枚の白金ディスク16は、膜に電流を印加するために使用する。セル10の円筒状経路の断面積は、約7.0cm2である。
どの溶液も、有効数字で示した定量値で準備する必要がある。これには、0.500N NaCl、1.0N HCl及び1.0N NaOHが挙げられる(腐食性、プラスチック製の容器又は容量フラスコ使用)。0.5N Na2SO4は、電極コンパートメントを、塩素ガスを発生させずに、供給するために用いられる。
(1)抵抗測定
本項でいう抵抗とは、面積抵抗(Ωcm2)を指す。測定には3つの段階がある。
(a)電極の位置決め
測定に先立って、参照電極の水平位置を定める。参照電極の位置決めのために、膜の代替物として、硬質プラスチックディスクを使用する。プラスチックディスクとぴったりと接触するように各参照電極を調節して、それぞれの位置を2個の留めネジで固定する。
次に、プラスチックディスクを取り除き、0.50mmのプラスチックブロックを2つ外すことにより、2枚の参照電極間が1.0cm離れるようにした。ソーラートロン(Solartron)1280を用いて、電流(約10〜50mA)を印加したときの、2枚の参照電極間の電圧降下を記録する。2枚の参照電極間の距離(ここでは、1.00cm)、電流密度(10.00mA)及び電圧(0.1mVの精度まで)を用いて、溶液(典型的には、0.50N NaCl)の伝導度を求めた。
次いで、膜試料を試料スライダーにより載置して、電圧及び電流を再度測定する。膜の抵抗は、手順(b)で測定した溶液の抵抗よりも小さな全抵抗値である。
測定手順は、以下のとおりである。
(a)参照電極の位置決め
参照電極の位置決めは、抵抗測定項(a)の記載と同様にして行なう。本試験で求められる電圧は、理論上、距離とは無関係なため、参照電極の位置は、おおよその位置であってよいが、その位置は、できる限り再現性良く配置するのが望ましい。
膜試料をスライダーに取り付けた後、試験用の膜で仕切られたセルの右側部分には0.500N NaCl溶液を、セルの左側部分には0.250N NaClを流し込む。
白金電極に取り付けた電圧計を用いて、電圧を(電流を印加せずに)測定して、データをスプレッドシートに入力して対イオンの選択透過性を求めた。
C=伝導度(ジーメンス/cm)
ρ=抵抗(オーム/cm)
R=抵抗率(オームcm2又はΩcm2)
A=面積(cm2)
U、V=電圧測定値(mV)
I=電流測定値(mA)
L=参照電極間の距離
参照電極間の距離が1.00cmの場合について、測定された電流10.00mA及び33.1mVにおける0.500M NaClの溶液伝導度は、次の式で求められる。
膜の面積抵抗を算出するには、溶液の抵抗を差引く必要がある。電位測定値が38.0mVのCMX膜の場合、面積抵抗は、次の式で求められる。
カチオン(+)又はアニオン(−)膜のT±は、次の式で求められる。
14 試験膜
16 白金ディスク
Claims (32)
- 多孔性第1面及び多孔性第2面並びに前記第1面から前記第2面へ向かって延びる連続多孔性構造を有する微細孔膜支持体と、前記連続多孔性構造に完全に充填されたイオン輸送性架橋ポリマーとを、含んでなる電気透析用イオン交換膜であって、前記ポリマーが、前記連続多孔性構造内に形成され、
1つ以上のイオノゲンモノマーと中性モノマーと多官能架橋性モノマーを含んでなるものであり、
前記中性モノマーがヒドロキシエチルアクリレート又は塩化ビニルベンジルであり、前記膜は、90%を超える選択透過性を有する
電気透析用イオン交換膜。 - 前記多孔性の支持体の厚さが、55ミクロンを超え、155ミクロン未満である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記多孔性の支持体の厚さが、20ミクロンを超え、55ミクロン未満である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記微細孔支持体が、ポリプロピレン、高分子量ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン又はポリフッ化ビニリデンを含んでなる、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記イオン輸送性ポリマーがカチオン輸送ポリマーである、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記イオノゲンモノマーとして、2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM)又は2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)を用いてカチオン交換膜を形成したものである、請求項5に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記多官能架橋性モノマーが、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートである、請求項6に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記イオン輸送性架橋ポリマーが、2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM)又は2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)と前記中性モノマーと適切な架橋性モノマーとの重合によって生成されてカチオン交換膜を形成したものである、請求項5に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が0.5オームcm2以下の抵抗を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が0.5オームcm2以下の抵抗及び95%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1.0オームcm2以下の抵抗及び99%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1.0オームcm2以下の抵抗を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1.0オームcm2以下の抵抗及び95%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1オームcm2以下の抵抗及び99%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項5に記載のカチオン交換膜。
- 前記イオン輸送性ポリマーがアニオン輸送ポリマーである、請求項1に記載のイオン交換膜。
- 前記イオノゲンモノマーが、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートで架橋されたトリメチルアンモニウムエチルメタクリル酸クロライド(TMAEMC)である、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 前記イオン輸送性架橋ポリマーが、ジビニルベンゼンで架橋された、トリメチルアンモニウムエチルメタクリル酸クロライド(TMAEMC)と、ビニルベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドと、前記中性モノマーとの、重合によって生成されるものである、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1.0オームcm2以下の抵抗を有するものである、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が1.0オームcm2以下の抵抗及び94%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が0.5オームcm2以下の抵抗を有するものである、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 前記膜が0.5オームcm2以下の抵抗及び94%を超える選択透過性を有するものである、請求項15に記載のアニオン交換膜。
- 多孔性第1面及び多孔性第2面並びに前記第1面から前記第2面へ向かって延びる連続多孔性構造を有する適切な多孔性基材を選択する工程と、前記基材の多孔性領域を、1つ以上のイオノゲンモノマーとヒドロキシエチルアクリレート又は塩化ビニルベンジルである中性モノマーと多官能架橋性モノマーとを含んでなる溶液で、飽和させる工程と、前記多孔性容積を溶液で飽和させたまま、前記基材の前記表面から余剰の溶液を除去する工程と、
場合により酸素が実質的に存在しない状態で、熱、紫外線又は電離放射線を適用することによって重合を開始してイオン輸送性架橋ポリマーを生成させることによって、前記基材の連続する孔に実質的に完全に充填させる工程と、
を備えてなり、膜は、90%を超える選択透過性を有する電気透析に使用できるイオン交換膜の製造方法。 - 前記多孔性支持体が、ポリプロピレン、高分子量ポリエチレン、超高分子量ポリエチレン又はポリフッ化ビニリデンを含んでなるものである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔性の支持体の厚さが55ミクロンを超え155ミクロン未満である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記多孔性の支持体の厚さが20ミクロンを超え55ミクロン未満である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン交換膜がカチオン交換膜である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記イオノゲンモノマーが、2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM)又は2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記多官能架橋性モノマーが、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン輸送性架橋ポリマーが、2−スルホエチルメタクリレート(2−SEM)又は2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(AMPS)と前記中性モノマーと適切な架橋性モノマーとの重合によって生成されてカチオン交換膜を形成したものである、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン交換膜がアニオン交換膜である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記イオノゲンモノマーが、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートで架橋されるトリメチルアンモニウムエチルメタクリル酸クロライド(TMAEMC)である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン輸送性架橋ポリマーが、ジビニルベンゼンで架橋された、トリメチルアンモニウムエチルメタクリル酸クロライド(TMAEMC)と、ビニルベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドと、前記中性モノマーと、の重合によって生成されたものである、請求項30に記載の方法。
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