JP5634882B2 - 弱塩基性薬物と有機酸とを含む薬物送達システム - Google Patents
弱塩基性薬物と有機酸とを含む薬物送達システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5634882B2 JP5634882B2 JP2010550837A JP2010550837A JP5634882B2 JP 5634882 B2 JP5634882 B2 JP 5634882B2 JP 2010550837 A JP2010550837 A JP 2010550837A JP 2010550837 A JP2010550837 A JP 2010550837A JP 5634882 B2 JP5634882 B2 JP 5634882B2
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Description
本願は、あらゆる目的から全体として参照により本明細書に援用される2008年3月12日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/035,840号明細書、及び2008年9月12日出願の米国特許出願第12/209,285号明細書に対する優先権を主張する。
a)有機酸含有コア粒子(有機酸結晶、ペレット、ビーズなど);
b)酸含有コア粒子上の、不水溶性高分子又は水溶性高分子若しくは腸溶性高分子と組み合わせた不水溶性高分子を含むバリア膜又は持続放出性膜;
c)バリアコートを有する酸含有コア粒子上に層状に重ねられ、場合により保護シールコートが設けられた弱塩基性薬物であって、それにより即時放出(IR)ビーズを形成する、弱塩基性薬物;
d)SRビーズを提供する場合、IRビーズ上の、不水溶性高分子又は水溶性高分子と組み合わせた不水溶性高分子を含むSRコーティング膜であって、それによりSRビーズを形成する、SRコーティング膜;及び/又は
e)TPRビーズを提供する場合、ステップdのSRコートを有するビーズ上か、又は直接的にステップcのIRビーズ上の、不水溶性高分子と腸溶性高分子との組み合わせを含むラグタイムコーティング膜であって、それにより時限パルス放出(TPR)ビーズを形成する、ラグタイムコーティング膜;
を含む。
a.有機酸含有コア粒子(例えば、所望の粒度分布を有する有機酸結晶、又は高分子結合剤溶液からの有機酸が層状に重ねられた不活性粒子(例えば、球状糖、球状セルロース、球状のマンニトール−微結晶性セルロース、又は球状二酸化ケイ素)を含む粒子)を提供するステップと、
b.EC−10(平均粘度が10cpsのエチルセルロース)などの不水溶性高分子単独からなるか、又は水溶性高分子(例えば、ポビドン又はPEG 400)若しくはフタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなどの腸溶性高分子(例えば、HP−55)との組み合わせからなるSRコーティング膜で有機酸含有コア粒子を被覆するステップと、
c.弱塩基性薬物、例えば塩酸オンダンセトロン二水和物の層を、SRコートを有する有機酸含有コア粒子上に塗布し、さらにPharmacoat 603又はOpadry(登録商標)Clearの保護シールコートを塗布することで、IRビーズを形成するステップと、
d.場合により、不水溶性高分子(例えば、エチルセルロース)単独か、又は水溶性高分子(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、PEG 400)と組み合わせた溶液で、IRビーズ上にバリアコーティング膜を塗布し、それによりSRビーズを作製するステップと、
e.同時係属中の2005年5月2日出願の米国特許出願第11/120,139号明細書、優先日が2006年1月27日の米国特許出願第11/668,167号明細書;優先日が2006年1月27日の米国特許出願第11/668,408号明細書、優先日が2006年8月31日の米国特許出願第11/847,219号明細書;米国特許第6,500,454号明細書、米国特許第6,627,223号明細書、米国特許第6,663,888号明細書、及び米国特許第7,048,945号明細書(これらの各々は、あらゆる目的から全体として参照により本明細書に援用される)の開示に従い、不水溶性高分子を腸溶性高分子(例えば、エチルセルロース及びフタル酸ヒプロメロース)と約10:1〜1:4の比で組み合わせた溶液で、ステップdのSRビーズ上か、又はステップcのIRビーズ上に直接、ラグタイムコーティング膜を塗布し、それにより時限パルス放出薬物粒子(TPR)ビーズを形成するステップと、
f.ノンコンプライアンスを含む有害事象の発生を抑えた、1日1回の投薬レジメンに好適な複合的な血漿プロファイルを示すRR薬物粒子(本明細書に記載されるとおりの)と1つ又は複数のTPRビーズ集合とを硬ゼラチンカプセルに充填するか、又は従来の錠剤に圧縮するステップと、
を含み得る。
1.A フマル酸含有コア:変性SD 3C 190プルーフアルコールに対し、激しく撹拌しながらヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(Klucel LF、23.9g)を徐々に添加して溶解させ、次にフマル酸(215.4g)を徐々に添加して溶解させた。9インチボトムスプレーWursterインサートと、10インチの仕切り壁カラムと、16mm管とを備えるGlatt GPCG 5に、3750gの25〜30メッシュの球状糖を装入した。生成物の温度を約33〜34℃に、且つフラップ開口における流入空気速度を38%に維持しながら、球状糖にフマル酸溶液を層状に重ねた。ユニット内で酸のコアを10分間乾燥させて残留する溶媒/水分を除去し、20〜30メッシュスクリーンにより篩別した。
2.A フマル酸含有コア:実施例1.Aに記載される手順により、但し、アルコール単独ではなく、90/10の変性アルコール(SD3C、190プルーフ)/水を使用して、フマル酸含有コアを調製した。
(1)ロット番号1084−066のTPRビーズ − 10%の60/40のEC−10/PEG 400(7.5%固形分)で被覆されたIRビーズ上に50重量%の45.5/40/14.5の比のEC−10/HP−55/TECのコーティングを塗布したもの、一方、IRビーズ(90/10のオンダンセトロン/PVPからの5%薬物層を有する)は、10%の60/40のEC−10/PEG 400で被覆したフマル酸コア(球状糖上に酸/Klucelからの4%層を有する)を含む。
(2)ロット番号1117−025のTPRビーズ − 10%の90/10のEC−10/TEC(7.5%固形分)で被覆されたIRビーズ上に50重量%の50.5/35/14.5(7.5%固形分)のEC−10/HP−55/TECのコーティングを塗布したもの、一方、IRビーズ(5%固形分の90/10のオンダンセトロン/Klucel LFからの6%薬物層を有する)は、10重量%の薬物負荷となるよう7.5%固形分の90/10のEC−10/TECで被覆したフマル酸コア(球状糖上に酸/PVPからの層を有する)を含む。
(3)ロット番号1117−044のTPRビーズ − 10%の90/10のEC−10/TECで被覆したIRビーズ上に50重量%の60.5/25/14.5の比のEC−10/HP−55/TECのコーティングを塗布したもの、一方、IRビーズ(90/10のオンダンセトロン/Klucel LFからの6%薬物層状を有する)は、10%の90/10のEC−10/TECで被覆したフマル酸コア(球状糖上に酸/PVPからの層を有する)を含む。
3.A フマル酸含有コア:4%固形分の90/10の190プルーフアルコール/水に対し、激しく撹拌しながらヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(Klucel LF、53.6g)を、それが溶解するまで徐々に添加し、次にフマル酸(482.1g)を、それが溶解するまで徐々に添加した。9インチボトムスプレーWursterインサート、10インチの分配カラムを備えたGlatt GPCG 5に、3750gの25〜30メッシュの球状糖を装入した。生成物温度を約33〜35℃に、且つ噴霧速度を8〜60mL/分に維持しながら、球状糖にフマル酸溶液を層状に重ねた。ユニット内で酸のコアを10分間乾燥させて残留溶媒/水分を除去し、40〜80メッシュにより篩別した。
4群クロスオーバー予備POC(概念実証)試験を行い、これには年齢18〜55歳の12人の白人男性健常ボランティアが含まれ、ウォッシュアウト期間は7日間であった。各ボランティアには、250mLのミネラルウォーターと共に、午前8時に単回用量の16mgの試験製剤(実施例4のA(PF380EA0001)、B(PF381EA0001)、若しくはC(PF382EA0001)のいずれか)か、又は8mgのZofran(登録商標)2つ(すなわち、一晩絶食後(少なくとも12時間)の午前8時に1つ、午後4時30分にもう1つ、及び午前11時に昼食を供した)を投薬した。0(投薬前)、20分、40分、1時間、1.5時間、2時間、3時間、4時間、6時間、8.5時間(2回目の投薬前)、9時間10分、9.5時間、10時間、10.5時間、11.5時間、12.5時間、14.5時間、17時間、20時間、22時間、24時間及び36時間の時点で血液試料を採取した。そのPK(薬物動態)プロファイルを図6に示す。予備PK試験は、試験製剤A(PE380EA0001)、B(PE381EA0001)、及びC(PE382EA0001)の血漿プロファイルが持続放出製剤に特徴的なものであり、すなわち、見かけの半減期がZofran(登録商標)より著しく長いことを実証している。試験製剤のAUC又はCmaxは、Zofran(登録商標)と実質的に差がなかった(すなわち、Zofran(登録商標)の±25%以内のAUC及び約70%のCmax)。Zofran(登録商標)8mgの実際のCmaxは、予測された24ng/mLと比較して30ng/mLであったが、一方、IR成分の実際のCmaxは、正規化したとき約24ng/mLであった。Zofran(登録商標)8mg bid(2回投薬)の約70%は24時間で吸収された。試験製剤A〜Cは、投薬後、約15〜16時間における交差ポイントに至るまでは予想された傾向を示した;その後、製剤Cは、予測された挙動に反して低い血漿中濃度−時間プロファイルを示し続けた。
5.A 5%の薬物負荷における塩酸オンダンセトロンRRビーズ:50/50の水/変性アルコール3C、190プルーフ(各1500g)に対し、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(AqualonからのKlucel LF、16.5g)を混合しながら徐々に添加して溶解させた。結合剤溶液に塩酸オンダンセトロン二水和物(150g)を徐々に添加して、薬物を溶解させた。以下の条件下で60〜80メッシュの球状糖(2773.5g)をGlatt GPCG 5において薬物溶液(5%固形分)で被覆し、5重量%の薬物負荷を実現した(空気分配プレート:100メッシュスクリーンのB;ノズル径:1mm;仕切り壁高さ:10インチ;9インチボトムスプレーWursterインサート;生成物温度36〜37℃;流入空気量60〜65cfm及び噴霧速度は約20〜25g/分に増加)。薬物層を有するビーズにPharmacoat 603(ヒプロメロース2910;3cps)の保護シールコートを設け(2%の重量増加)、RRビーズを形成した。ユニット内でRRビーズを10分間乾燥させて残留溶媒/水分を除去し、40〜80メッシュスクリーンにより篩別した。90%超のIRビーズが、<50〜100>メッシュの粒度範囲であった。
6.A フマル酸含有コア:25〜30メッシュの球状糖(3750g)に、実施例3に開示されるとおりのKlucel LF(53.6g)の溶液(4%固形分)からのフマル酸(482.1g)を層状に重ね、11.25重量%の酸負荷を実現した。ユニット内で酸のコアを10分間乾燥させて残留溶媒/水分を除去し、20〜30メッシュスクリーンにより篩別した。
7.A 塩酸オンダンセトロンMRカプセルPF391EA0001:5.Cに開示されるとおり調製した適切な量の急速放出顆粒(ロット番号PE391EA0001の100.0mgのRR顆粒)と、6.Eに開示されるとおり調製したTPRビーズ(ロット番号PE392EA0001の166.2mgのTPRビーズ)とを、サイズ「0」の硬ゼラチンカプセルに充填し、試験製剤A:MRカプセル、20mg(8mgのRR+12mgのTPR(T80%約8時間))を得た。
8.A フマル酸含有コア:実施例3に開示されるとおり、微結晶性球状セルロース(Glattからの平均粒度が約100μmのCellets100;933.3g)に、Klucel LF(26.7g)の溶液(4%固形分)からのフマル酸(240g)を層状に重ねて10重量%の酸負荷を実現する。ユニット内で酸のコアを10分間乾燥させて残留溶媒/水分を除去し、40〜150メッシュスクリーンにより篩別する。
Claims (32)
- 複数の時限パルス放出粒子及び急速放出粒子を含む医薬組成物であって、
前記時限パルス放出粒子が、各々、時限パルス放出層で被覆されたコアを含み、
前記コアは、弱塩基性の難溶性薬物と薬学的に許容可能な有機酸とを含み、前記弱塩基性薬物は前記有機酸の上に配置され、前記弱塩基性薬物と前記有機酸との間に、(i)水不溶性高分子、又は(ii)水不溶性高分子と水溶性高分子若しくは腸溶性高分子との組み合わせ、を含む持続放出層が配置され、
前記急速放出粒子が、各々、前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物と、薬学的に許容可能な有機酸と、薬学的に許容可能な高分子結合剤と、少なくとも1つの賦形剤とを含む顆粒を含み、United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)溶出法(装置2−パドル、50RPM、及び37℃の二段階溶出媒体(初めに0.1NのHCl中で2時間、その後pH6.8の緩衝液中で試験)を用いて溶出試験を行ったとき、前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物の少なくとも約80wt.%を約15分間で放出する、
医薬組成物。 - 前記コアが、不活性ビーズと、有機酸層と、前記持続放出層と、薬物層とを含み、
前記有機酸層が、前記薬学的に許容可能な有機酸と第1の薬学的に許容可能な高分子結合剤とを含み、
前記持続放出層が、第1の薬学的に許容可能な水不溶性高分子を含み、
前記薬物層が、前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物と、第2の薬学的に許容可能な高分子結合剤とを含む、
請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記時限パルス放出層が、薬学的に許容可能な水不溶性高分子と腸溶性高分子とを含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記薬学的に許容可能な有機酸が、クエン酸、乳酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、酒石酸、コハク酸、シュウ酸、アスパラギン酸、及びグルタミン酸からなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の薬学的に許容可能な高分子結合剤と、前記第2の薬学的に許容可能な高分子結合剤とが、各々、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルピロリドンとビニルアルコールとの共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドンと酢酸ビニルとの共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドンの塩化ビニルとの共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドンの酪酸ビニルとの共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドンのラウリン酸ビニルとの共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドンのステアリン酸ビニルとの共重合体、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カルボキシアルキルセルロース、ポリエチレンオキシド、ナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロース、デキストラン、アカシア、デンプン、及びゼラチンからなる群から独立して選択される、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物が、セロトニン5−HT3受容体拮抗薬を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セロトニン5−HT3受容体拮抗薬が、オンダンセトロン、トロピセトロン、グラニセトロン、ドラセトロン、及びパロノセトロンからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物が、セロトニン5−HT3受容体拮抗薬を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記セロトニン5−HT3受容体拮抗薬が、オンダンセトロン、トロピセトロン、グラニセトロン、ドラセトロン、及びパロノセトロンからなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記薬学的に許容可能な水不溶性高分子が、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸エチルとメタクリル酸メチルとの中性共重合体、第四級アンモニウム基を含むアクリル酸エステルとメタクリル酸エステルとの共重合体、及びワックスからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腸溶性高分子が、酢酸フタル酸セルロース、フタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、酢酸コハク酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアセテートフタレート、メタクリル酸とメタクリル酸メチルとのpH感受性共重合体、及びシェラックからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記不活性ビーズが、約25〜30メッシュの平均粒度を有する、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記不活性ビーズが、糖又は微結晶性セルロースを含む、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記時限パルス放出粒子が、各々、前記有機酸層、第1の持続放出層;前記薬物層;任意のシール層;及び任意の第2の持続放出層で順番に被覆された25〜30メッシュの糖ビーズを含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記有機酸層が、フマル酸とヒドロキシプロピルセルロースとを含む、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の持続放出層が、エチルセルロースと薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含む、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第2の持続放出層が存在し、エチルセルロースと薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含む、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の持続放出層及び前記第2の持続放出層が、エチルセルロースと薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含む、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の持続放出層が、エチルセルロースと薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含み、前記第2の持続放出層が存在しない、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記任意のシール層が存在し、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを含む、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記時限パルス放出粒子及び前記急速放出粒子中の前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物が、オンダンセトロン、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、溶媒和物、及び/又はエステルを含む、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記時限パルス放出粒子が、各々、
フマル酸とヒドロキシプロピルセルロースとを含む前記有機酸層;
エチルセルロースと第1の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含む前記第1の持続放出層;
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースと、オンダンセトロン、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、溶媒和物及び/又はエステルとを含む前記薬物層;
前記任意のシール層が存在するとき、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースを含む前記任意のシール層;
エチルセルロースと、フタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースと、第2の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とを含む前記時限パルス放出層;
を含み、
前記急速放出粒子が、各々、
オンダンセトロン、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、溶媒和物及び/又はエステルと、
フマル酸と、
ラクトースと、
微結晶性セルロースと、
クロスポビドンと、
を含む顆粒を含む、
請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記第1の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤と前記第2の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とが、トリアセチン、クエン酸トリブチル、クエン酸トリエチル、クエン酸アセチルトリ−n−ブチル、フタル酸ジエチル、セバシン酸ジブチル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ヒマシ油、アセチル化モノグリセリド及びジグリセリド並びにそれらの混合物からなる群から独立して選択される、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第1の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤と前記第2の薬学的に許容可能な可塑剤とが双方ともクエン酸トリエチルであり、前記第2の持続放出層が存在しない、請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を含むカプセル。
- 請求項24に記載の医薬組成物を含むカプセル。
- 嘔吐の治療又は予防に用いる、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日1回投与する、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 嘔吐の治療又は防止に用いる、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1日1回投与する、請求項29に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記時限パルス放出ビーズ及び前記急速放出ビーズ中の前記弱塩基性の難溶性薬物が、塩酸オンダンセトロンを含む、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記急速放出粒子が、各々、
塩酸オンダンセトロンと、
フマル酸と、
ラクトースと、
微結晶性セルロースと、
クロスポビドンと、
を含む顆粒を含む、請求項22に記載の医薬組成物。
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