JP5411135B2 - イソオキサゾリン組成物および駆虫薬としてのそれらの使用 - Google Patents
イソオキサゾリン組成物および駆虫薬としてのそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5411135B2 JP5411135B2 JP2010520592A JP2010520592A JP5411135B2 JP 5411135 B2 JP5411135 B2 JP 5411135B2 JP 2010520592 A JP2010520592 A JP 2010520592A JP 2010520592 A JP2010520592 A JP 2010520592A JP 5411135 B2 JP5411135 B2 JP 5411135B2
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- Prior art keywords
- isoxazoline
- salt
- group
- acid
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000323 triclabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000825 ultraviolet detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
- C07D261/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D261/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
手短に述べると、本発明は、一般には、イソオキサゾリン組成物(特に4−(イソオキサゾリニル)−ベンズアミド組成物(例えば、「4−(4,5−ジヒドロイソオキサゾール−3−イル)−安息香酸アミド」組成物としても知られている。)および4−(イソオキサゾリニル)−ベンゾチオアミド組成物(例えば、「4−(4,5−ジヒドロイソオキサゾール−3−イル)−ベンゾチオアミド」組成物としても知られている。))、ならびに温血動物の中または上の外部寄生虫を駆除するためのそれらの使用を対象とする。本発明によれば、これらの組成物は、一般には、所望の生物学的利用能を示し、局所的および/または全身的活性を提供することができることが発見された。該組成物の多くは、受容者である温血動物および/またはそれらの所有者に対する望ましい安全性プロファイルをも提供する。加えて、当該組成物の単一の投与は、一般には、1つまたは複数の外部寄生虫に対する強力な活性をもたらすとともに、活性の迅速な発生、活性の長時間の持続および/または望ましい安全性プロファイルを提供する傾向があることが発見された。
Z1は、独立に、水素、メチル、ハロエチル、ハロプロピル、ハロブチル、メトキシメチル、ハロメトキシメチル、エトキシメチル、ハロエトキシメチル、プロポキシメチル、エチルアミノカルボニルメチル、エチルアミノカルボニルエチル、ジメトキシエチル、プロピニルアミノカルボニルメチル、N−フェニル−N−メチル−アミノ、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルメチル、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルエチル、テトラヒドロフリル、メチルアミノカルボニルメチル、(N,N−ジメチルアミノ)−カルボニルメチル、プロピルアミノカルボニルメチル、シクロプロピルアミノカルボニルメチル、プロペニルアミノカルボニルメチル、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルシクロプロピル、
本発明に従って使用されるイソオキサゾリンとしては、一般には、式(I)の化合物が挙げられる。
A1およびA2の一方は、ハロゲンおよびハロメチルからなる群から選択される。A1およびA2の他方は、水素、ハロゲンおよびハロメチルからなる群から選択される。
A3は、水素、ハロゲンおよびハロメチルからなる群から選択される。
Rはハロメチルである。いくつかの実施形態において、Rはモノクロロメチルである。他の実施形態において、Rはトリフルオロメチルである。さらに他の実施形態において、Rは、モノクロロ−ジフルオロメチルである。
Xは、水素、ハロゲン、メチル、ハロメチル、エチルおよびハロエチルからなる群から選択される。いくつかの実施形態において、Xは水素である。他の実施形態において、Xはブロモである。他の実施形態において、Xはヨードである。他の実施形態において、Xはクロロである。他の実施形態において、Xはメチルである。他の実施形態において、Xはエチルである。他の実施形態において、Xはトリフルオロメチルである。
いくつかの実施形態において、Z1およびZ2は、独立した置換基である。これらの実施形態において、Z1は、水素、メチル、ハロエチル、ハロプロピル、ハロブチル、メトキシメチル、ハロメトキシメチル、エトキシメチル、ハロエトキシメチル、プロポキシメチル、エチルアミノカルボニルメチル、エチルアミノカルボニルエチル、ジメトキシエチル、プロピニルアミノカルボニルメチル、N−フェニル−N−メチル−アミノ、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルメチル、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルエチル、テトラヒドロフリル、メチルアミノカルボニルメチル、(N,N−ジメチルアミノ)−カルボニルメチル、プロピルアミノカルボニルメチル、シクロプロピルアミノカルボニルメチル、プロペニルアミノカルボニルメチル、ハロエチルアミノカルボニルシクロプロピル、
いくつかの実施形態において、Z3はO(すなわち酸素)である。他の実施形態において、Z3はS(すなわち硫黄)である。
ZAは、水素、ハロゲンおよびシアノからなる群から選択される。いくつかの当該実施形態において、ZAは水素である。他の実施形態において、ZAはブロモである。他の実施形態において、ZAはクロロである。他の実施形態において、ZAはシアノである。
以下の置換基の組合せは、単に例示にすぎず、何らかの特定の優先順位で挙げられているわけではない。
いくつかの実施形態において、A1およびA3は、独立に、ハロゲンおよびハロメチルからなる群から選択され、A2は水素である。いくつかの当該実施形態において、例えば、A1およびA3の各々は、イソオキサゾリンが、構造において以下の式、
いくつかの実施形態において、Z1およびZ2は、独立した置換基であり、または一緒になって以下のように単一の置換基を形成する。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)の置換基は、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、Z1およびZ2は、独立した置換基であり、または一緒になって以下のように単一の置換基を形成する。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)の置換基は、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、以下のように定義される。
いくつかの実施形態において、イソオキサゾリンは、構造において、
いくつかの実施形態において、イソオキサゾリンは、構造において、
いくつかの実施形態において、イソオキサゾリンは、構造において、
本発明に使用されるイソオキサゾリンは、一般には、2つ以上の配座構造を有することができる。少なくとも、例えば、すべてのイソオキサゾリンは、イソオキサゾリン環の5位にキラル(または不斉)炭素を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、例えば、キラル炭素は、左回り(または「S」もしくは「左」)の配座を有する。当該イソオキサゾリンとしては、以下の構造を有するものが挙げられる。
上述したように、本発明に使用される多くのイソオキサゾリンは、塩の形であってよい。塩は、異なる温度および湿度における医薬安定性などのその物理特性;結晶性;および/または水、油もしくは他の溶媒に対する所望の溶解度の1つまたは複数により有利であり得る。酸および塩基塩は、典型的には、例えば、当該技術分野の様々な既知の方法を用いて、化合物をそれぞれ酸または塩基と混合することによって形成され得る。概して、塩を治療有益性のためにインビボ(すなわち動物に)投与することを意図する場合は、塩は、好ましくは医薬として許容し得るものである。
場合によっては、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンは、非複合溶媒分子が化合物から除去された後もそのままの形を維持する溶媒分子との安定な複合体の形である。これらの複合体は、一般には、「溶媒和物」と称する。場合によっては、溶媒和物は、例えば1つまたは複数の溶媒分子が結晶性固体の結晶格子に組み込まれると単離することが可能である。「溶媒和物」は、溶液相溶媒和物および単離可能溶媒和物の両方を包含する。好適な溶媒和物の例としては、エタノレートおよびメタノレート等が挙げられる。「水和物」は、溶媒分子が水である溶媒和物である。インビボで使用されることを意図した溶媒和物は、好ましくは、医薬として許容され得る。
式(I)のイソオキサゾリンのプロドラッグを本発明の方法に使用することができると考えられる。この特許に使用されるように、「プロドラッグ」という用語は、使用に際して(例えばインビボで)代謝手段または別のプロセス(例えば加水分解)によって式(I)のイソオキサゾリンに変換可能な化合物を指す。いくつかの実施形態において、プロドラッグの形のイソオキサゾリンの送達は、例えば、全身的吸収を増強させるか、クリアランスを遅らせ、またはインビボでの分解を遅らせることにより、その物理化学または薬物動態学的特性を向上させることによってイソオキサゾリンの送達の向上を達成する。
イソオキサゾリンを調製するための方法は、当該技術分野で知られている。式(I)の様々なイソオキサゾリンを調製するための方法は、例えば、(参照により本特許に組み込む)米国特許公開第US2007/0066617号、(参照により本特許に組み込む)国際特許公開第WO2007/026965号、および(参照により本特許に組み込む)日本国特許出願公開第JP2007/308471号に記載されている。例えば、米国特許公開第US2007/0066617号には、72頁の実施例21に化合物11−1の調製が記載されており、74−75頁の実施例28に化合物5−19の調製が記載されており、76−77頁の実施例30に化合物5−61の調製が記載されており、77−78頁の実施例34に化合物5−64の調製が記載されており;国際特許公開第WO2007/026965号には、317頁の実施例21に化合物5−16の調製が記載されており、317−318の実施例22に化合物5−25の調製が記載されており、312頁の実施例12に化合物5−49の調製が記載されており、311−312頁の実施例11に化合物5−60の調製が記載されており、321−322頁の実施例32に化合物10−1の調製が記載されており;日本国特許出願公開第JP2007/308471号には、381頁の実施例38に化合物5−45の調製が記載されている。加えて、様々なイソオキサゾリンを調製するための方法もまた、例えば、(参照により本特許に組み込む)国際特許公開第WO2005/085216号、(参照により本特許に組み込む)国際特許出願第PCT/JP/2008/054096号、(参照により本特許に組み込む)欧州特許出願公開第EP1932836号および(参照により本特許に組み込む)日本国特許出願公開第JP2008/133242号に記載されている。式(I)の他のイソオキサゾリンは、例えば、これらの参考文献に例示されている方法を単独で使用して、または当該技術分野で知られている他の技術と併用して調製され得る。
一般には、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンを使用して、動物における外部寄生虫を駆除し、当該外部寄生虫によって直接引き起こされる疾患および/または当該外部寄生虫によって運ばれる病原体によって引き起こされる疾患を抑制することができる。該組成物を使用して広範な動物、特に温血動物を治療することができると考えられる。当該温血動物としては、例えば哺乳動物が挙げられる。哺乳動物としては、例えばヒトが挙げられる。他の哺乳動物としては、例えば、家畜または肉畜哺乳動物(例えばブタ、ウシ、ヒツジ、ヤギ等)、実験用哺乳動物(例えば、マウス、ラット、スナネズミ等)、コンパニオン哺乳動物(例えば、イヌ、ネコ、ウマ等)、毛皮動物(例えば、ミンク、キツネ、チンチラ、ウサギ等)および野生および動物園の哺乳動物(例えば、バッファロー、シカ等)が挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態において、該組成物は、イヌ類(例えば、純血種および/または雑種コンパニオン犬、ショー犬、使役犬、牧羊犬、狩猟犬、番犬、警察犬、競技犬および/または実験用犬などのイヌ)を治療するのに使用される。他の実施形態において、該組成物は、ネコ類(例えば飼い猫)を治療するのに使用される。該組成物は、鳥類(例えば、七面鳥、ニワトリ、ガチョウ、カモ、オウム等)などの非哺乳動物の治療にも好適であると考えられる。また、当該組成物は、例えば魚(例えば、サケ、マス、コイ等)などの冷血動物の治療にも有用であり得ると考えられる。
C.マダニ.これらは、例えば、アルガシダエ属種(Argasidae spp.)(例えば、アルガス属種(Argas spp.)およびオルニトドロス属種(Ornithodoros spp.))などの軟体マダニ;ならびにイキソジダエ属種(Ixodidae spp.)(例えば、イキソデス・リシヌス(Ixodes ricinus)、リピセファルス・サングイネウス、ハエマフィサリス属種(Haemaphysalis spp.)、デルマセントル・レチクラテス(Dermacentor reticulates)、デルマセントル・バリアビリス(Dermacentor variabilis)、アンブリヨマ・アメリカヌム(Amblyomma americanum)およびブーフィルス属種(Boophilus spp.))などの硬体マダニを含む。
本発明は、また、式(I)のイソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、イソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物、またはイソオキサゾリンのプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物(または医薬品)を対象とする。該組成物は、1つまたは複数の医薬として許容し得る賦形剤をも含むことができる(一般には含むことになる)。
本発明の方法は、イソオキサゾリンが、受容者である動物に投与される唯一の活性成分である方法を包含する。しかし、該方法は、イソオキサゾリンが1つまたは複数の他の活性成分と組み合わせて投与される組合せ治療をも包含すると考えられる。他の活性成分は、例えば、1つまたは複数の他のイソオキサゾリンであってよい。代替的(追加的)に、他の活性成分は、イソオキサゾリンでない1つまたは複数の化合物であってよい。他の活性成分は、同一および/または異なる病原体および状態を標的とすることができる。
本発明は、また、例えば、上記の治療方法を実施する際の使用に好適なキットを対象とする。概して、当該キットは、式(I)のイソオキサゾリンおよびさらなる成分の治療有効量を含む。さらなる成分は、例えば、診断ツール、組成物の投与のための説明書、組成物を投与するための装置、組成物と混合または組み合わせて投与される賦形剤または他の活性成分を含む容器、または記憶補助具(例えば、組成物の次の投与物を投与する時間を動物の所有者に思い出してもらうためにカレンダーに貼りつけるスタンプ)の1つまたは複数であってよい。
以下の実施例は、単に例示であり、本開示の残りの箇所に対して決して限定的なものではない。これらの実施例に記載される化合物番号は、以上の詳細な説明および後の請求項における構造に対する化合物番号を指す。
成虫ノミ(20−30)に、人工膜上にて、100、10または1ppmの濃度の化合物10−1、化合物11−1または正の対照(フィプロニル)が加えられた血液を給餌した。死滅したノミおよび損傷を受けたノミの数と、給餌されたノミの数とを比較することによって、48時間の連続給餌後のノミに対する効果を評価した。100、10および1ppmの化合物10−1、化合物11−1およびフィプロニルのノミに対する効果は100%であった。
これらの試験の目的は、様々な寄生虫に対する化合物11−1の効果を評価することであった。寄生虫は、以下のものであった。
マウスを3つのグループに分け、100ppm体重(局所)、10mg/kg体重(経口)または10mg/kg体重(皮下)の化合物11−1、フィプロニル(正の対照)または空(負の対照)で処理した。これらのマウスを鎮静させ、処理の1、3、6および24時間後に成虫ノミ(C.フェリス)を寄生させた。約30分の給餌の後、ノミをマウスから回収した。各寄生の1および24時間後にノミ阻害率(死亡したノミおよび損傷を受けたノミの%)の評価を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
試験に使用したすべてのマウスは、少なくとも中程度(「++」)の寄生率で、寄生虫のすべての段階からなるM.ムスクリヌス(M.musculinus)のダニが寄生していた。マウスを3つのグループに分け、100ppm体重(局所)、10mg/kg体重(経口)または10mg/kg体重(皮下)の化合物11−1、フィプロニル(正の対照)または空(負の対照)で処理した。次いで、7日後にこの処理を繰り返した。マウス毎の寄生率(「+」=低寄生率、「++」=中程度の寄生率、「+++」=高寄生率)を1、6、9、13および23日目に繰り返し評価した。効果を、負の対照グループと比較した処理マウス上のダニ寄生率の阻害率として定義した。結果を表2に示す。
6匹のモルモットを10mg/kg体重の化合物11−1またはフィプロニル(正の対照)で経口、皮下または腹腔内処理した。処理前に1回、そして2日目と50日目の間の処理後の異なる時点で、モルモットに幼若軟体マダニ(O.モウバタ)およびトコジラミ(C.レクツラリウス)を局所的に共寄生させた。10匹の充血したマダニ/トコジラミを回収して、各寄生の24時間後の種毎の死滅個体の割合を評価した。
モルモットを3つのグループに分けた。各グループに化合物11−1による処理、フィプロニル(正の対照)による処理または未処理(負の対照)の1つを施した。
1.動物浸漬による100ppm体重の局所投与
2.10mg/kg体重の経口投与
3.10mg/kg体重の皮下投与
4.未処理(負の対照)
試験2:
1.動物浸漬による25ppm体重の局所投与
2.2.5mg/kg体重の経口投与
3.2.5mg/kg体重の皮下投与
4.未処理(負の対照)
処理の1日前に、すべてのモルモットに100個の生きた幼若(「若虫」)硬体マダニ(クリイロコイタマダニ、R.サングイネウス)を寄生させた。充血し、分離された若虫を4日目から8日目にかけて計数(eN)して、以下の式に従って処理の効果を計算した。
この実験において、マウスを処理グループまたは負の対照(未処理)グループに無作為に割り当てた。各グループは、3匹のマウスからなっていた。処理グループにおけるマウスに、7%DMF予備混合物および93%純水(注射用水)に溶解させた20mg/kg体重の様々なイソオキサゾリンを経口投与した。これらの処理剤の投与容量は、0.01mL/g体重であった。処理の1時間後、各マウスを鎮静させ、30個の生きた成虫ノミ(C.フェリス)をあまねく(全身)寄生させた。これを達成するために、鎮静させたマウスを寄生びんに入れ、ノミを直接毛皮に仕込んだ。約30分の給餌の後、ノミをマウスから回収した。各寄生の1時間、24時間および48時間後に阻害および死滅の評価を実施した。負の対照グループと比較した処理グループにおける阻害されたノミの百分率として効果を計算した。
この実験において、モルモットを処理グループまたは負の対照(未処理)グループに無作為に割り当てた。各グループは、3匹のモルモットからなっていた。0日目に、各モルモットに100個の生きたR.サングイネウスの若虫を寄生させた。1日目に、処理グループにおけるモルモットに、7%DMF予備混合物および93%純水(注射用水)に溶解させた10mg/kg体重の様々なイソオキサゾリンを経口投与した。充血し、分離された若虫を4日目から8日目にかけて計数(eN)して、以下の式に従ってイソオキサゾリンの効果を計算した。
0日目に、4匹のビーグルの1つのグループを、20mg/kg体重の化合物11−1を含むゼラチンカプセルで経口処理した。4匹のビーグルの別のグループを、DMF−予備混合物/水道水に溶解させた200ppm体重の化合物11−1(容量に基づいて1:100)を含む2Lの溶液で洗浄することによって局所処理した。最後に、3匹のビーグルのグループを負の対照として未処理のままとした。0日目の処理の2日前に、すべてのビーグルのそれぞれに、約80個の未給餌の成虫ノミ(C.フェリス)および約60個の未給餌の成虫マダニ(R.サングイネウス)を寄生させた。ノミおよびマダニを除去して計数することによって、2日目(処理の約48時間後)に各ビーグルの寄生虫総量を評価した。ノミおよびマダニを活力(ノミ:死滅または生存;マダニ:死滅または生存、充血している、または充血していない)に従って分類した。以下の式を用いて、未処理対照グループにおける生きたノミおよびマダニの平均数(Mc)と比較した処理グループにおける生きたノミおよびマダニの平均数(Mt)の平均数から効果を計算した。
ビーグルをそれぞれ4匹の動物の5つの処理グループおよび3匹の動物の1つの未処理対照グループに無作為に割り当てた。処理グループにおけるイヌを表7に示すように0日目に処理した。
化合物11−1(260mg)を40℃でn−ヘキサン/エタノール(13ml)の1:1混合物に溶解させた。80%のこの溶液を、250mmのカラム長、10mmの直径および5μmの粒径を有するDiacel Chiralpak(登録商標)AD−Hカラムを備えた分取液体クロマトグラフィーシステム上で、400μlの分量に分割した。移動相は、n−ヘキサン/エタノールの8:2混合物からなっていた。4ml/分の流量を用いた。両鏡像異性体のキラル部を回収し、真空中で蒸発させた。Diacel Chiralpak(登録商標)AD−Hカラム(250×4.6mm、5μm)を用いた分析用キラルクロマトグラフィーおよび254nmにおけるUV検出によって、蓄積部分の純度を制御した。両鏡像異性体について、99%を超える純度が確認された。この技術によって、[α]D 23+63.97°(エタノール、c=2.97mg/ml)の旋光度を有する88mgの化合物17−1(S−鏡像異性体);および[α]D 23−61.07°(エタノール、c=3.93mg/ml)の旋光度を有する80mgの化合物11−1R(R−鏡像異性体)が得られた。
Claims (10)
- 非ヒト動物における外部寄生虫の寄生を抑制するための、式(11−1)のイソオキサゾリン:
の使用であって、
該イソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物が、隔月またはそれより長い頻度で局所的に投与される、前記使用。 - 外部寄生虫の寄生がマダニの寄生を含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 外部寄生虫の寄生がマダニ及びノミの寄生を含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 非ヒト動物がネコまたはイヌである、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- イソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物の投与量が、0.01から100mg/kg体重である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 非ヒト動物の寄生虫病を治療するための、式(11−1):
のイソオキサゾリンの使用であって、
該イソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物が、隔月またはそれより長い頻度で局所的に投与される、前記使用。 - 寄生虫病が、貧血、ノミアレルギー皮膚炎、ライム病、エーリキア病またはロッキー山紅斑熱を含む、請求項6の使用。
- 非ヒト動物に使用される殺寄生虫組成物であって、
該組成物は、該動物に局所的に投与した場合に外部寄生虫の寄生を抑制するのに有効な量のイソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物、および賦形剤を含み;
該イソオキサゾリンは、式(11−1):
で表され;
該組成物が、隔月またはそれより長い頻度で0.01から100mg/kg体重の投与量で投与される、前記組成物。 - イソオキサゾリン、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物と組み合わせて、大環状ラクトンをさらに含む、請求項8に記載の殺寄生虫組成物。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項の使用を実施するための治療キットであって、
式(11−1)のイソオキサゾリン:
、イソオキサゾリンの塩、またはイソオキサゾリンもしくは塩の溶媒和物、ならびに
診断ツール、
該イソオキサゾリン、その塩または溶媒和物を投与するための説明書、
該イソオキサゾリン、その塩または溶媒和物を投与するための装置、および
記憶補助具
からなる群から選択されるさらなる構成要素を含む、前記治療キット。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2016147888A (ja) * | 2007-08-17 | 2016-08-18 | インターベット インターナショナル ベー. フェー. | イソオキサゾリン組成物および駆虫薬としてのそれらの使用 |
JP2017222692A (ja) * | 2007-08-17 | 2017-12-21 | インターベット インターナショナル ベー. フェー. | イソオキサゾリン組成物および駆虫薬としてのそれらの使用 |
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