JP4731812B2 - 風力タービンを使って発電した電力を、発電敷設網から遠く離れた場所に中断されることなく供給する方法とそれに関する装置 - Google Patents
風力タービンを使って発電した電力を、発電敷設網から遠く離れた場所に中断されることなく供給する方法とそれに関する装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この申請は、2001年10月5日に提出されたアメリカ合衆国仮申請番号60/327,012 及び2002年9月9日に提出された60/408,876により優先権を主張するものである。これら2つの仮申請は、そのまま参照としてここに組み込まれている。
太陽や風などの自然資源からエネルギーを創造することは、過去数十年にわたり、この国における重要な方針であった。外国のオイルへの依存を減らす試みは、国の重要な課題になって来た。エネルギーの専門家たちは、このようなオイル、ガス、石炭などの資源のいくらかは、何時かは枯渇するという危惧を抱いている。このような関心から、自然の代用資源と呼ばれるものから、エネルギーを動力化する多くのプロジェクトが始められた。
この発明は、風力のエネルギーで発電し、それを蓄積しておくシステムに関するもので、発電敷設網から遠く離れた地域で、連続して中断なく主要な電力源として使用するためのものである。一般に、この発明は風により得られた電力の一部を、直ちに使用するシステムと、そのエネルギーの一部を、効率よく設計された圧縮空気のシステムを使って貯蓄するシステムとから成る。
この発明は、風力エネルギーによって発電し、それを貯蔵するためのシステムの改良に関するものである。この発明は、風力により得られたエネルギーを使用及び貯蔵して、発電敷設網から遠く離れた地域で、連続して中断なく電力の供給を受けられるように、効率と適応性を高めるように設計された、幾つかの改良法と装置からなる。このシステムは、利用者が既存の発電敷設網へのアクセスをすることなく、殆ど風力だけによって、風があてにならず、一般に予測もできないにも拘らず、連続して中断なく電力の供給を受けられるように設計することが望ましい。
図1は直接使用型ステーションの工程経路を、流れ図で図式的に示したものである。この図では、風車により生じた機械的回転力が、どのようにして電力に変換され、すぐに使える電気エネルギーを供給できるかを示している。
図2は、エネルギー貯蔵型風車ステーションの工程経路を、流れ図で図式的に示したものである。この施設も、前の直接使用型ステーションのときに述べたと同じように、通常の風車塔と水平の軸のある風力タービンから成る。同様に、風力タービンは風車塔の頂上に付けられ、風の方向に向けられる。回転の軸棒が風力タービンから延びて電力を伝える。
図4は混成型ステーションの構成に関する流れ図を示す。混成型ステーションは、実質的に1つの風車ステーションで、直接使用型ステーションの部分とエネルギー貯蔵型ステーションの部分の要素から成り、機械的動力を分割する機構を持っていて、必要に応じて電力を直接使用用とエネルギー貯蔵用に分配する。
次の議論は、上の3つの型の風車ステーションを、特別の応用の際、最もよく調整するために決めるべき望ましい手順に関するものである。それには、その特別な場所において、このシステムを設置して作動させるのが、適切であるか否かを決めることも含まれている。そのような決定は、一般に、費用対利得の分析、年間を通じて時と場所で風がどのくらい利用できるかを考えるエネルギー効率の研究、その場所でどのくらいの需要があるかの吟味から成る。
P=C1*0.5*Rho*A*U3
ここに、
C1= 常数(風力タービン領域Aと、風速Uを基に計算された風力Pの関係が実測値に合うように決める)
Rho= 空気の密度
A=風力タービンの回転により横切られる領域
U=風速
これは風により生ずる風力の量が、風速の3乗に比例することを意味する。従って、風力タービンが風速毎秒3.05メートル(10フィート)から毎秒22.875メートル(75フィート)の間でフルに作動するという状況では、その日に生産される風力の全量は、この範囲の全風速に直接関係する。
あろう。
注文されたシステムを設計する段階は次の通りである。
面積(Area)=X*P/(C*0.5*Rho*A*U3)によって計算される。ここに、Xは、特定の日の波形の食い違いを考慮して、設置すべき風車の最適の数を決めるのに助けとなる係数、Pは問題の期間の最高の電力需要、Cは0.5(600kWの風力タービンに対して)、“Rho”は0.076 lbs-mass/cu.ftで、Uは50 ft/秒である。この式ではまた、1sq.ft=144sq.in.,1hp=550ft.-lbs./秒,1kW=0.746 hp.1 hour=3,600秒を仮定している。
この発明は、予め決められた数の混成型ステーションを用いて、システムをもっと効率よく設計し使用することを考える。先に論じたように、混成型ステーションは、直接使用型ステーションより生ずるエネルギーとエネルギー貯蔵型ステーションより生ずるエネルギーの間を転換して、それらを同時に分配することができる。混成型ステーションは、全体系に対して設計されるべき年間の内、数ヶ月にしか起こらない極端な状態、すなわち、最悪ケースのシナリオを相殺するのに使用することができる。年間の内その他の時期には、風の有用度とエネルギー需要の曲線は、遥かによく相関するかも知れないので、全体系に対する設計をこの期間は調整して、全年を通じてもっと経済的に、エネルギー効率よく局を運営することができるかも知れない。
Claims (6)
- ウインドファームであって、
予め決められた場所に配置された複数の風車ステーションを有し、
複数の風車ステーションは、それぞれが風力タービンおよび直接使用のために風のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換するのに供する発電機とを有する予め決められた数の第1型の風車ステーション、並びにそれぞれが風により得られたエネルギーを少なくとも1つの貯蔵タンクに貯蔵するのに供する風力タービンを有する予め決められた数の第2型の風車ステーションの少なくとも2つの種類に分けられ、
前記第2型の風車ステーションには、空気を前記貯蔵タンクの中に圧縮するための少なくとも1つの圧縮機、前記タンクから圧縮空気を解放するための少なくとも1つの膨張機、および圧縮空気のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する第2の発電機が設けられ、
該第1型の風車ステーションと該第2型の風車ステーションの数の比率は、前記複数の風車ステーションが置かれる地域における風の履歴と、前記複数のステーションからのエネルギーが使用される地域の需要特性とに基づいて決定される、ウインドファーム。 - 該第2型の風車ステーションのそれぞれが、以下の群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの加熱装置又は少なくとも1つの冷却装置を備えている請求項1に記載のウインドファーム;
a.前記貯蔵タンク内に熱を導入するために貯蔵タンクと接続する、解放され膨張した前記圧縮空気を暖めるための少なくとも1つの加熱装置;
b.前記貯蔵タンク内に熱を導入するために貯蔵タンクと接続する、太陽エネルギーから熱を得る少なくとも1つの加熱装置;
c.前記貯蔵タンク内に熱を導入するために貯蔵タンクと接続する、前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機から排熱を導く少なくとも1つの加熱装置;
d.前記貯蔵タンク内に熱を導入するために貯蔵タンクと接続する、化石燃料を使用する少なくとも1つの加熱装置;
e.前記貯蔵タンクの中を通る複数の管を有し、前記管の中を加熱された流体が通ることにより、前記貯蔵タンク内の空気の温度を高める少なくとも1つの熱変換器;及び
f.前記の少なくとも1つの膨張機に接続する、前記圧縮空気が解放されて膨張することにより生ずる低温を冷蔵の目的に使用することを可能とする少なくとも1つの冷却装置。 - 直接使用のエネルギーの提供と貯蔵用エネルギーの提供とを切り替えることができる予め決められた数の混成型ステーションを更に有し、
前記混成型ステーションは、機械的力を発生する風力タービンと、前記混成型ステーションで発生した前記機械的力を分割する分割機とをそれぞれ備え、
前記分割機は、直接使用のための電力を発生する第1のコンバーターと、少なくとも1つのタンクに貯蔵するための圧縮空気エネルギーを発生する第2のコンバーターとの間の機械的力の分割をすることができる請求項1に記載のウインドファーム。 - a.前記第1型、第2型及び混成型の風車ステーションの予め決められた数を提供することであって、その比率を直接使用の風車ステーションが65%、エネルギー貯蔵の風車ステーションが35%とすること;および
b.前記第1型、第2型及び混成型の風車ステーションの予め決められた数を提供することであって、その比率を前記少なくとも1つの貯蔵タンクの大きさ、圧縮機の容量、膨張機の容量、設置される風車ステーションの総数を始めとする施設の要件を考慮して決定すること、のいずれかから選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項3記載のウインドファーム。 - エネルギーを生成し貯蔵する方法であって、
風力タービンおよび、直接使用のために風のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換するのに供する発電機とを有する、予め決められた数の第1型の風車ステーションを設け、
風により得られたエネルギーを少なくとも1つの貯蔵タンクに貯蔵するのに供する第2の風力タービンを持つ予め決められた数の第2型の風車ステーションを設け、
前記第2型の風車ステーションには、空気を前記タンクの中に圧縮するための少なくとも1つの圧縮機、前記貯蔵タンクから圧縮空気を解放するための少なくとも1つの膨張機、および圧縮空気のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する第2の発電機が設けられており、
該第1型の風車ステーションと該第2型の風車ステーションの数の比率は、前記複数の風車ステーションが置かれる地域における風の履歴と、前記複数のステーションからのエネルギーが使用される地域の需要特性とに基づいて決定される、方法。 - 前記第1型、及び第2型の風車ステーションの比率を、前記少なくとも1つの貯蔵タンクの大きさ、圧縮機の容量、膨張機の容量、設置される風車ステーションの総数に基づいて決定する、請求項5記載の方法。
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- 2002-10-04 AU AU2002330063A patent/AU2002330063B8/en not_active Ceased
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US20060232895A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
NZ532687A (en) | 2007-06-29 |
MXPA04003095A (es) | 2004-11-29 |
JP2010133422A (ja) | 2010-06-17 |
US20030105556A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
ATE374316T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
CA2462852C (en) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2003031813A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
US7067937B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 |
TW567281B (en) | 2003-12-21 |
ES2294162T3 (es) | 2008-04-01 |
EP1451466A4 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
AU2002330063B2 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
US7250691B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 |
US20050225091A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
CN100339593C (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
CA2462852A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
EP1451466A1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
US6927503B2 (en) | 2005-08-09 |
CN1615402A (zh) | 2005-05-11 |
WO2003031813A9 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
JP2005530074A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
BR0213134A (pt) | 2006-05-23 |
DE60222694T2 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
CY1107840T1 (el) | 2013-06-19 |
EP1451466B1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
PT1451466E (pt) | 2008-01-07 |
AU2002330063B8 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
BR0213134B1 (pt) | 2012-01-10 |
DE60222694D1 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
DK1451466T3 (da) | 2008-02-04 |
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