JP4547935B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒、排ガス浄化触媒、及び触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒、排ガス浄化触媒、及び触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4547935B2 JP4547935B2 JP2004048370A JP2004048370A JP4547935B2 JP 4547935 B2 JP4547935 B2 JP 4547935B2 JP 2004048370 A JP2004048370 A JP 2004048370A JP 2004048370 A JP2004048370 A JP 2004048370A JP 4547935 B2 JP4547935 B2 JP 4547935B2
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- catalyst
- noble metal
- porous body
- exhaust gas
- metal
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 136
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N benzyl n-[(2r)-1-[(2s,4r)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-1,1-dihydroxyhexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CO[C@H]1CN(C(=O)[C@@H](CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)(O)C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C1 KGNDCEVUMONOKF-UGPLYTSKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125833 compound 23 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRHLEZORXKQUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Co+2] CRHLEZORXKQUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAPRIVJANDLWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N laureth-5 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO LAPRIVJANDLWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate, nitrate Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
- B01J35/45—Nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/30—Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
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Description
本発明に係る排ガス浄化用触媒の実施の形態について説明する。本実施の形態に係る排ガス浄化用触媒は、多孔質体C中に一部が埋没された状態で多孔質体に担持され、粒子径が1〜10[nm]である貴金属と、貴金属と多孔質体の両方に接触する遷移金属とを有することを特徴とする。
次に、本発明に係る触媒の製造方法の実施の形態について説明する。この触媒の製造方法は、貴金属と多孔質体とを逆ミセル内で同時に析出させる同時析出工程と、逆ミセル内で遷移金属を析出させる単独析出工程と、を有することを要旨とする。
次に、本発明に係る排ガス浄化触媒の実施の形態について説明する。本実施の形態に係る排ガス浄化触媒は、上記した触媒を含む触媒層を有することを特徴とする。なお、貴金属量が、排ガス浄化触媒容量1[L]当たり0.7[g]以下であることが好ましい。従来のように、排ガス浄化用触媒1[L]あたり貴金属単独で0.7[g]以下である場合には充分な触媒活性が得られないが、上述したように、貴金属が多孔質体中に埋没しており、遷移金属が貴金属と多孔質体の両方に接触している場合には、アンカー効果と遷移金属が貴金属の触媒活性を補う効果のため、貴金属の使用量を減らした場合であっても充分な触媒活性を得ることができる。
(実施例1)
実施例1では、貴金属A及び多孔質体Cを逆ミセル内で先に同時析出させた後に、遷移金属Bをこの逆ミセル内で単独析出させた(図3の方法)。
有機溶媒としてシクロヘキサン5[L]、界面活性剤としてポリエチレングリコール−p−ノニルフェニルエーテル330[g]を用い、混合して混合溶液を調製した(界面活性剤/有機溶媒比[mol/L]=0.15)(工程30)。次に、調製した混合溶液に、貴金属Aの材料としてPt濃度が8.46[%]のジニトロジアミンPt水溶液0.178[g]、多孔質体Cの材料として硝酸Al36.79[g]、及び水37.92[mL]を加え(水/界面活性剤比=4)、これを2[時間]攪拌し、逆ミセル内にPtイオン及びAlイオンを含む有機溶媒の混合溶液を調製した(工程31)。
粉末Aを52.5[g]、粉末Bを18.8[g]、アルミナゾル3.7[g]、水69[g]、硝酸6[g]を磁性ボールミルに投入して混合粉砕し、触媒スラリを得た。次に、得られた触媒スラリをコーデェライト質モノリス担体(0.119[L]、400[セル])に付着させ、空気流にてセル内の余剰のスラリを取り除いて120[℃]で乾燥した後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、コート層150.0[g/L]の触媒を得た。このときコート層1[L]あたりに含まれる金属量は、それぞれPt:0.315[g/L]、Rh:0.113[g/L]であり、合計すると0.428[g/L]となった。
実施例2では、遷移金属Bを逆ミセル内で先に単独析出させた後に、貴金属A及び多孔質体Cをこの逆ミセル内で同時析出させた(図4の方法)。
有機溶媒としてシクロヘキサン5[L]、界面活性剤としてポリエチレングリコール−p−ノニルフェニルエーテル330[g]を用い、混合して混合溶液を調製した(界面活性剤/有機溶媒比[mol/L]=0.15)(工程40)。次に、調製した混合溶液に、水2[mL]中に遷移金属Bの材料として硝酸Coを1.3[g]溶解させて調製した溶液を投入し、混合溶液を2[時間]攪拌して逆ミセル内にCoイオン含む有機溶媒の混合溶液を調製した(工程41)。その後、析出剤Yとしてヒドラジン30.4[g]を投入し、さらに2[時間]攪拌して逆ミセル内のCoイオンを還元してメタル化した(工程42:単独析出)。
実施例3では、実施例1と同様に、貴金属A及び多孔質体Cを逆ミセル内で先に同時に析出させた後、遷移金属Bをこの逆ミセル内で単独で析出させた(図3の方法)。なお、実施例1と異なる点は、担持させるPt量が多い(実施例1の2倍)点である。
有機溶媒としてシクロヘキサン5[L]、界面活性剤としてポリエチレングリコール−p−ノニルフェニルエーテル330[g]を混合した(界面活性剤/溶媒比=0.15[mol/L])(工程30)。次に、調製した混合溶液に、貴金属Aの材料としてPt濃度が8.46[%]のジニトロジアミンPt水溶液0.357[g]、多孔質体Cの材料として硝酸Al36.79[g]、及び水37.74[mL]を加え(水/界面活性剤比=4)、これを2[時間]攪拌し、逆ミセル内にPtイオン及びAlイオンを含む有機溶媒の混合溶液を調製した(工程31)。
比較例1では、含浸法を用いて触媒を作製した。
まず、比表面積200[m2/g]のアルミナ100[g]にジニトロジアミンPtを0.6[wt%]となるように担持し、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成して粉末を得た。得られた粉末に対し、酢酸Ce、酢酸La、酢酸Zrを酸化物換算でそれぞれ8.5[wt%]、5.5[wt%]、6[wt%]となるように含浸した。その後、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥して400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、得られた粉末を粉末Aとした。 また、比表面積200[m2/g]、平均細孔径20[nm]のアルミナ100[g]に硝酸Coを3[wt%]となるように担持し、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成して粉末を得た。得られた粉末に対し、酢酸Ce、酢酸La、酢酸Zrを酸化物換算でそれぞれ8.5[wt%]、5.5[wt%]、6[wt%]となるように含浸した。その後、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥して400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、得られた粉末を粉末Bとした。
粉末Aを26.3[g]、粉末Bを26.2[g]、粉末Cを18.8[g]、アルミナゾル3.7[g]、水69[g]、硝酸6[g]を磁性ボールミルに投入して混合粉砕し、触媒スラリを得た。得られた触媒スラリをコーデェライト質モノリス担体(0.119[L]、400[セル])に付着させ、空気流にてセル内の余剰のスラリを取り除いて120[℃]で乾燥した後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、コート層150.0[g/L]の触媒を得た。このときコート層1[L]あたりに含まれる金属量は、それぞれPt:0.315[g/L]、Rh:0.113[g/L]であり、合計すると0.428[g/L]となった。
比較例2では、含浸法を用いて触媒を作製した。なお、比較例1と異なる点は、担持させるPt量が多い(比較例1の2倍)点である。
まず、比表面積200[m2/g]のアルミナ100[g]にジニトロジアミンPtを1.2[wt%]となるように担持し、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成して粉末を得た。得られた粉末に対し、酢酸Ce、酢酸La、酢酸Zrを酸化物換算でそれぞれ8.5[wt%]、5.5[wt%]、6[wt%]となるように含浸した。その後、120[℃]で一昼夜乾燥して400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、得られた粉末を粉末Aとした。
粉末Aを26.3[g]、粉末Bを26.2[g]、粉末Cを18.8[g]、アルミナゾル3.7[g]、水69[g]、硝酸6[g]を磁性ボールミルに投入して混合粉砕し、触媒スラリを得た。得られた触媒スラリをコーデェライト質モノリス担体(0.119[L]、400[セル])に付着させ、空気流にてセル内の余剰のスラリを取り除いて120[℃]で乾燥した後、400[℃]で1[時間]焼成し、コート層150.0[g/L]の触媒を得た。このときコート層1[L]あたりに含まれる金属量は、それぞれPt:0.63[g/L]、Rh:0.113[g/L]であり、合計すると0.743[g/L]となった。
触媒粉末の耐久試験は、得られた触媒粉末を酸素雰囲気下、700[℃]で1[時間]焼成することにより行った。
表1に示すモデルガスにより、室温から400[℃]まで10[℃/分]で昇温したときの50[%]転化率温度を求めた。また400[℃]での転化率を求めた。なお、50[%]転化率温度の測定条件は、酸素量と還元剤量とが等しいストイキの組成とし、反応ガス流量40[L/分]とした。
貴金属分散度の測定には、日本ベル株式会社製 金属分散度測定装置BEL−METAL−3を用い、以下の手順に従った測定した。試料は、He100[%]ガス気流中にて、10[℃/min]で400[℃]まで昇温し、次に、400[℃]、O 2 100[%]ガス気流中にて、15分間酸化処理を行った。そして、He100[%]ガスにて5分間パージし、400[℃]、H 2 40[%]/Heバランスガス気流中にて15分間還元処理を行った。次に、He100[%]ガス気流中にて50[℃]まで降温した。そして、CO10[%]/Heバランスガスをパルス的に流入させて、以下に示す式に従い、CO吸着量から貴金属分散度を求めた。
上記試料調製によって得られた排ガス浄化触媒の触媒層を掻き落し、TEM−EDX測定にて評価を実施した。測定には日立製作所製 HF−2000を用い、加速電圧を200[kV]、切削条件は常温にて行った。測定方法は、触媒粉末をエポキシ樹脂にて包埋処理し、エポキシ樹脂が硬化した後、ウルトラミクロトームにより超薄切片を作成した。その切片を用いて、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により各種結晶粒の分散状態を調べた。得られた映像の中で、コントラスト(影)の部分に焦点を充て、金属種を限定し、その金属の粒子径を測定した。
試料の元素定性、定量、状態分析を、X線光電子分光法(XPS)を用いて行った。装置はPHI製複合型表面分析装置ESCA5600を用い、X線源はAl−Kα線(1486.6[eV]、300[W])、光電子取り出し角度は45[°](測定深さ4[nm])、測定エリア2[mm]×0.8[mm]、の条件にて、試料をインジウム箔上に固定して測定を行った。また、測定の際、XPS装置に付属している前処理チャンバー内に、排気ガス組成の一つである水素(水素0.2[%]/窒素)を400[℃]×10[分]さらしたのち、XPS測定を実施した。
2 貴金属
3 遷移金属
Claims (6)
- 貴金属と多孔質体とを逆ミセル内で析出剤を用いて還元により同時に析出させる同時析出工程と、
前記逆ミセル内で遷移金属を析出させる単独析出工程と、を有することを特徴とする触媒の製造方法。 - 前記同時析出工程を、前記単独析出工程よりも先に行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒の製造方法。
- 前記単独析出工程を、前記同時析出工程よりも先に行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒の製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とする排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 請求項4に記載された排ガス浄化用触媒を含む触媒層を有することを特徴とする排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記貴金属量が、前記排ガス浄化触媒容量1[L]当たり0.7[g]以下であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
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JP4513384B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-07-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 高耐熱性排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 |
US7605108B2 (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2009-10-20 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalyst, exhaust gas purification catalyst, and method for manufacturing same |
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2004
- 2004-02-24 JP JP2004048370A patent/JP4547935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-02-10 EP EP05710371A patent/EP1720654A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-10 US US10/589,890 patent/US7585811B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-10 WO PCT/JP2005/002525 patent/WO2005079982A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005238027A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
WO2005079982A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
US7585811B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
EP1720654A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
US20070203021A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
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