JP2020191409A - 炭化珪素半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭化珪素半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 200
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 77
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態について説明する。ここではトレンチゲート構造の縦型半導体素子として反転型のMOSFETが形成されたSiC半導体装置を例に挙げて説明する。
まず、半導体基板として、n+型基板1を用意する。そして、このn+型基板1の主表面上にSiCからなるn−型不純物層2をエピタキシャル成長させる。
続いて、マスクを除去したのち、n−型不純物層2の上に、n型電流分散層2a、p型ベース領域3およびn+型ソース領域4を順にエピタキシャル成長させる。このように、n+型ソース領域4をエピタキシャル成長によって形成しているため、p型ベース領域3とn+型ソース領域4それぞれに厚みのバラツキが分配されることから、p型ベース領域3の厚みのバラツキを小さくでき、閾値Vtのバラツキを抑制できる。
次に、n+型ソース領域4やイオン注入層31の表面に図示しないマスクを配置し、マスクのうちのp型ディープ層5、p型ガードリング21およびp型繋ぎ層30の形成予定領域を開口させる。そして、マスクを用いてRIE(Reactive Ion Etching)などの異方性エッチングを行うことにより、トレンチ5a、21a、30aを形成する。
マスクを除去してp型層を成膜したのち、p型層のうちn+型ソース領域4の表面より上に形成された部分が取り除かれるようにエッチバックし、p型ディープ層5、p型ガードリング21およびp型繋ぎ層30を形成する。
n+型ソース領域4などの上に図示しないマスクを形成したのち、マスクのうちのゲートトレンチ6の形成予定領域を開口させる。そして、マスクを用いてRIEなどの異方性エッチングを行うことで、ゲートトレンチ6を形成する。
マスクを除去した後、熱酸化を行うことによって、ゲート絶縁膜7を形成し、ゲート絶縁膜7によってゲートトレンチ6の内壁面上およびn+型ソース領域4の表面上を覆う。このとき、イオン注入のダメージを受けていないn+型ソース領域4についてはp型ベース領域3と同程度熱酸化されることになるが、ダメージが生じているイオン注入層31についてはp型ベース領域3よりも熱酸化されやすくなる。このため、セル部RCではゲートトレンチ6の入口側がn+型基板1の主表面に対してほぼ垂直に切り立ったままの状態となり、繋ぎ部RJでは、ゲートトレンチ6の入口側が傾斜部となる。したがって、ゲートトレンチ6の入口側の角部においてゲート絶縁膜7は、セル部RCでは薄くなった薄膜部7aとなるが、繋ぎ部RJではそれよりも厚い厚膜部7bとなる。
ゲート電極8およびゲート絶縁膜7の表面を覆うように、例えば酸化膜などによって構成される層間絶縁膜10を形成する。そして、層間絶縁膜10の表面上に図示しないマスクを形成したのち、マスクのうち各ゲート電極8の間に位置する部分、つまりp型ディープ層5と対応する部分およびその近傍を開口させる。この後、マスクを用いて層間絶縁膜10をパターニングすることでp型ディープ層5、n+型ソース領域4を露出させるコンタクトホールを形成する。また、本図とは異なる断面において、ゲート電極8およびイオン注入層31を部分的に露出させるコンタクトホールも形成する。
層間絶縁膜10の表面上に例えば複数の金属の積層構造により構成される電極材料を形成する。そして、電極材料をパターニングすることで、ソース電極9や引抜パッド33を形成する。また、本図とは異なる断面においてゲートパッド32も形成する。なお、本図とは異なる断面において各セルのゲート電極8に繋がるゲートライナー8bが設けられている。そのゲートライナー8bが延設された位置において層間絶縁膜10にコンタクトホールが開けられることで、ゲートパッド32とゲート電極8との電気的接続が行われるようになっている。同様に、本図とは異なる断面においてイオン注入層31に繋がるコンタクトホールが形成されており、そのコンタクトホールを通じて引抜パッド33とイオン注入層31との電気的接続が行われるようになっている。
本開示は、上記した実施形態に準拠して記述されたが、当該実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形例や均等範囲内の変形をも包含する。加えて、様々な組み合わせや形態、さらには、それらに一要素のみ、それ以上、あるいはそれ以下、を含む他の組み合わせや形態をも、本開示の範疇や思想範囲に入るものである。
2a n型電流分散層
3 p型ベース領域
4 n+型ソース領域
5 p型ディープ層
7 ゲート絶縁膜
8 ゲート電極
9 ソース電極
11 ドレイン電極
Claims (14)
- セル部(RC)にトレンチゲート構造の反転型の縦型半導体素子を備えた炭化珪素半導体装置であって、
主表面を有する第1または第2導電型の炭化珪素で構成された基板(1)と、
前記基板の主表面側に形成され、前記基板よりも低不純物濃度とされた第1導電型の炭化珪素で構成されたドリフト層(2、2a)と、
前記ドリフト層の上に形成された第2導電型の炭化珪素で構成されたベース領域(3)と、
前記セル部内における前記ベース領域の上に形成され、前記ドリフト層よりも高不純物濃度とされ、少なくとも前記ベース領域と接する部分が炭化珪素のエピタキシャル層で構成された第1導電型のソース領域(4)と、
前記ソース領域の表面から前記ベース領域よりも深く、一方向を長手方向とする直線状部分を有していて前記セル部から該セル部の外側まで形成されたゲートトレンチ(6)内に形成され、該ゲートトレンチの内壁面に形成されたゲート絶縁膜(7)と、前記ゲート絶縁膜の上に形成されたゲート電極(8)と、を有して構成された前記トレンチゲート構造と、
前記ソース領域および前記トレンチゲート構造の上に、前記ソース領域に繋がるコンタクトホールが形成された層間絶縁膜(10)と、
前記層間絶縁膜の上に形成され、前記コンタクトホールを通じて前記ソース領域に電気的に接続された第1電極(9)と、
前記基板の裏面側に電気的に接続された第2電極(11)と、を備え、
前記ゲートトレンチの側面は、前記セル部の外側では、前記セル部内における前記ソース領域のうちの前記ベース領域と接している前記エピタキシャル層で構成された部分と比較して、前記基板の主表面に対する法線方向に対して傾斜している炭化珪素半導体装置。 - 前記セル部の外側では、前記ゲートトレンチの入口側における該ゲートトレンチの側面がイオン注入層(31)によって構成されており、該ゲートトレンチの側面は前記イオン注入層の部分において前記基板の主表面に対する法線方向に対して傾斜している、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。
- 前記セル部の外側において、前記ゲート電極のゲートライナー(8b)が備えられており、該ゲートライナーが備えられた位置では、前記ゲートトレンチの入口側における該ゲートトレンチの側面が前記イオン注入層によって構成されている、請求項2に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。
- 前記イオン注入層は、第2導電型層によって構成されている、請求項2または3に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。
- 前記セル部を囲む外周部(RO)を有し、
前記外周部にも、前記ベース領域の上に、第2導電型層で構成された前記イオン注入層と、前記イオン注入層の上に形成された前記層間絶縁膜と、が備えられていると共に、さらに、前記層間絶縁膜の上に形成された引抜パッド(33)が備えられ、
前記層間絶縁膜に形成されたコンタクトホールを通じて前記イオン注入層と前記引抜パッドとが電気的に接続されている、請求項4に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。 - 前記外周部は、前記セル部の外周を囲むガードリング部(RG)と、前記セル部と前記ガードリング部との間に位置する繋ぎ部(RJ)とを有し、前記ガードリング部において、前記セル部よりも前記ドリフト層が凹んだ凹部(20)が形成されることで、前記基板の厚み方向において、前記セル部および前記繋ぎ部が前記ガードリング部よりも突き出した島状のメサ部(RM)が構成され、
前記繋ぎ部の外縁部には前記イオン注入層が形成され、前記メサ部と前記凹部との境界位置では、前記イオン注入層と前記ベース領域および前記ドリフト層が順に形成された構造となっている、請求項5に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。 - 前記繋ぎ部の全域に前記イオン注入層が形成されている、請求項6に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置。
- セル部(RC)にトレンチゲート構造の反転型の縦型半導体素子を備えた炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法であって、
主表面を有する第1または第2導電型の炭化珪素で構成された基板(1)を用意することと、
前記基板の上に、前記基板よりも低不純物濃度の第1導電型の炭化珪素で構成されたドリフト層(2、2a)を形成することと、
前記ドリフト層の上に、第2導電型の炭化珪素からなるベース領域(3)を形成することと、
前記ベース領域の上に、エピタキシャル成長により、前記ドリフト層よりも第1導電型不純物濃度が高くされた第1導電型の炭化珪素で構成されるソース領域(4)を形成することと、
前記ソース領域の表面から前記ベース領域よりも深く、一方向を長手方向とした直線状部を有すると共に前記セル部から該セル部の外側に至るゲートトレンチ(6)を形成したのち、前記ゲートトレンチの内壁面にゲート絶縁膜(7)を形成すると共に、前記ゲート絶縁膜の上にゲート電極(8)を形成することで前記トレンチゲート構造を形成することと、
前記ソース領域および前記トレンチゲート構造の上に、前記ソース領域に繋がるコンタクトホールを有する層間絶縁膜(10)を形成することと、
前記コンタクトホールを通じて前記ソース領域に電気的に接続される第1電極(9)を形成することと、
前記基板の裏面側に第2電極(11)を形成することと、を含み、
前記トレンチゲート構造を形成することでは、前記ゲートトレンチの側面を、前記セル部の外側では前記セル部内における前記ソース領域のうちの前記ベース領域と接している前記エピタキシャル成長で形成された部分と比較して、前記基板の主表面に対する法線方向に対して傾斜させる炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記ソース領域を形成したのち、
前記セル部の外側に、イオン注入を行うことでイオン注入層(31)を形成することを含み、
前記トレンチゲート構造を形成することでは、前記ゲートトレンチの長手方向の両端において、前記ゲートトレンチの側面が前記イオン注入層によって構成されるようにし、前記ゲートトレンチを形成した後に熱処理を行うことで、前記ゲートトレンチの側面のうちの前記イオン注入層で構成された部分を前記基板の主表面に対する法線方向に対して傾斜させる、請求項8に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記トレンチゲート構造を形成することでは、前記セル部の外側において、前記ゲート電極のゲートライナー(8b)を形成し、該ゲートライナーが備えられた位置では、前記ゲートトレンチの入口側における該ゲートトレンチの側面が前記イオン注入層によって構成されるようにする、請求項9に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記トレンチゲート構造を形成することでは、前記熱処理となる熱酸化を行うことで前記ゲート絶縁膜を形成する、請求項9または10に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記イオン注入層を形成することでは、第2導電型不純物をイオン注入することによって前記イオン注入層を形成すると共に、該イオン注入層を第2導電型層とする、請求項9ないし11のいずれか1つに記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記イオン注入層を形成することでは、前記セル部の外周を囲む外周部(RO)にも前記イオン注入層を形成し、
前記層間絶縁膜を形成することでは、前記イオン注入層の上にも前記層間絶縁膜を形成しつつ、前記イオン注入層に繋がるコンタクトホールを形成し、
前記層間絶縁膜を形成することの後に、前記層間絶縁膜の上に、前記コンタクトホールを通じて前記イオン注入層に電気的に接続される引抜パッド(33)を形成することを含む、請求項12に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記外周部に、前記セル部の外周を囲むガードリング部(RG)を形成すると共に、前記セル部と前記ガードリング部との間に位置する繋ぎ部(RJ)を形成することを含み、
前記ガードリング部を形成すると共に、前記繋ぎ部を形成することは、前記イオン注入層を形成することの後に、前記ガードリング部と対応する位置に、前記セル部よりも前記ドリフト層が凹んだ凹部(20)を形成することで、前記ガードリング部を形成すると共に、前記基板の厚み方向において、前記ガードリング部よりも内側の部分が該ガードリング部よりも突き出した島状のメサ部(RM)を構成し、該メサ部における前記セル部の外周に前記繋ぎ部を形成することであり、
前記イオン注入層を形成することでは、前記繋ぎ部の外縁部にも前記イオン注入層を形成することで、前記メサ部と前記凹部との境界位置を、前記イオン注入層と前記ベース領域および前記ドリフト層が順に形成された構造とする、請求項13に記載の炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。
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