JP2019203013A - 局所免疫刺激及び全身免疫刺激の組み合わせによる癌の免疫療法 - Google Patents
局所免疫刺激及び全身免疫刺激の組み合わせによる癌の免疫療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願に関連する配列表は紙の複写の代わりにテキストフォーマットで提供され、参考として本明細書に組み込まれる。配列表を含有するテキストファイルの名前は、48357_SeqListing.txtである。このテキストファイルは160,324バイトであり、2015年2月12日に作成され、EFS−Webを通して電子的に提出されている。
本開示は一般に、局所免疫刺激及び全身免疫刺激の組み合わせによる癌の免疫療法を向上させる方法に関する。
宿主の免疫系は、病原微生物への防御応答を速やかかつ特異的に開始し、悪性腫瘍の除去にも寄与する手段を提供する。免疫応答は通常、抗原に特異的な抗体が分化Bリンパ球により産生される体液性応答、及び、様々な種類のTリンパ球が種々のメカニズムにより抗原を排除する細胞性応答を含むと説明されてきた。例えば、特異的抗原を認識可能なCD4(CD4+とも称される)ヘルパーT細胞は、サイトカイン等の可溶性メディエーターを放出することで応答して、免疫系の更なる細胞を動員して免疫応答に関与し得る。CD8(CD8+とも呼ばれる)細胞障害性T細胞もまた、特異的抗原を認識することが可能であり、抗原を有する細胞または粒子に結合し、これを破壊または損傷し得る。特に、細胞障害性Tリンパ球(CTL)応答を含む細胞性免疫応答は、腫瘍細胞及びウイルスが感染した細胞の除去に重要である可能性がある。
本発明は、ウイルス誘発性癌を含む癌の免疫治療法を提供する。これら、及び他の利点は本開示で提供する。
を有する(式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである。更に別の実施形態では、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する)。
を有し、式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当し、サイトカインはCxcl9、Cxcl10、CCL2、CCL3、MCP−1、TNFa、IFNc及びIP−10からなる群から選択され、ウイルス誘発性癌に関係する免疫原は、EBNA−1、LMP−1、LMP−2A;E6、E7、E5;HBx;HCV Core、NS3、Ns5A;Tax、HBZ;vFLIP、LANA、vGPCR、vIRF−1から選択されるウイルス性抗原であり、該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、該第1組成物及び第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与され、該第1組成物は筋肉内、皮内または皮下投与され、かつ該第2組成物は腫瘍内または膀胱内投与され、該第2組成物は所望により、BCGを含む。
を有する(式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである)。別の実施形態において、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する。
特定の態様では、例えば以下の項目が提供される:
(項目1)
a)ベクター粒子を含む第1組成物であって、前記ベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、前記組み換え発現ベクターは癌関連抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、かつ前記ポリヌクレオチドが少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合していることで、前記対象における前記癌関連抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発する、前記第1組成物;及び
b)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2組成物であって、前記第2組成物は抗原を含まない、前記第2組成物
を含む組成物であって、
前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、癌の治療方法での使用に関して、前記第1組成物は前記対象に全身投与され、前記第2組成物は前記対象に腫瘍内、腫瘍周辺、リンパ節内または膀胱内投与され、前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される、
前記組成物。
(項目2)
前記癌関連抗原は、CTA、NY−ESO−1、LAGE−1、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、MAGE−A10、CT7、CT10、GAGE、PRAME;BAGE;RAGE、SAGE、HAGE、MPHOSPH1、DEPDC1、IMP3、MAGE−A、BK T抗原、p53、Ras、c−Myc、A−Raf、B−Raf、C−Raf、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A2、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、MAGE−A6、MAGE−A10、MAGE−A12、MART−1、BAGE、DAM−6、−10、GAGE−1、−2、−8、GAGE−3、−4、−5、−6、−7B、NA88−A、MART−1、MC1R、Gp100、PSA、PSM、チロシナーゼ、TRP−1、TRP−2、ART−4、CAMEL、CEA、Cyp−B、hTERT、hTRT、iCE、MUC1、MUC2、ホスホイノシチド3−キナーゼ(PI3K)、TRK受容体、PRAME、P15、RU1、RU2、SART−1、SART−3、ウィルムス腫瘍抗原(WT1)、AFP、β−カテニン/m、カスパーゼ−8/m、CEA、CDK−4/m、ELF2M、GnT−V、G250、HSP70−2M、HST−2、KIAA0205、MUM−1、MUM−2、MUM−3、ミオシン/m、RAGE、SART−2、TRP−2/INT2、707−AP、アネキシンII、CDC27/m、TPI/mbcr−abl、BCR−ABL、インターフェロン制御因子4(IRF4)、ETV6/AML、LDLR/FUT、Pml/RARα、腫瘍関連カルシウムシグナル伝達物質1(TACSTD1)TACSTD2、受容体型チロシンキナーゼ、上皮成長因子受容体(EGFR)、EGFRvIII、血小板由来成長因子受容体(PDGFR)、血管内皮成長因子受容体(VEGFR)、細胞質チロシンキナーゼ、src−ファミリー、syk−ZAP70、インテグリン結合キナーゼ(ILK)、シグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子STAT3、STAT5、及びSTAT6、低酸素誘導因子(HIF−1α及びHIF−2α)、核因子κB(NF−κB)、ノッチ受容体(ノッチ1〜4)、c−Met、ラパマイシンの哺乳類標的(mTOR)、WNT、細胞外シグナル調節キナーゼ(ERK)、PMSA、PR−3、MDM2、メソテリン、腎細胞癌−5T4、SM22−アルファ、カルボニックアンヒドラーゼI(CAI)及びIX(CAIX)、STEAD、TEL/AML1、GD2、プロテイナーゼ3、hTERT、肉腫転座切断点、EphA2、ML−IAP、EpCAM、ERG(TMPRSS2 ETS融合遺伝子)、NA17、PAX3、ALK、アンドロゲン受容体、サイクリンB1、ポリシアル酸、MYCN、RhoC、GD3、フコシルGM1、メソテリン、PSCA、sLe、PLAC1、GM3、BORIS、Tn、GLoboH、NY−BR−1、RGs5、SART3、STn、PAX5、OY−TES1、精子タンパク質17、LCK、HMWMAA、AKAP−4、SSX2、XAGE 1、B7H3、レグマイン(legumain)、TIE2、Page4、MAD−CT−1、FAP、MAD−CT−2、及びfos関連抗原1から選択される、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目3)
前記第1組成物は、筋肉内、皮内または皮下からなる群から選択される第1経路により全身投与される、項目1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目4)
前記TLR4アゴニストは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントである、項目1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目5)
前記無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントはグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である、項目4に記載の組成物。
(項目6)
GLAは安定した水中油型エマルション中に配合される、項目5に記載の組成物。
(項目7)
前記GLAは、式
(I)
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、前記式を有する、項目4〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目8)
R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、項目7に記載の組成物。
(項目9)
前記GLAは、式
(II)
であって、
式中、L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、及びL6は同一または異なっており、−O−、−NH−、及び−(CH2)−から独立して選択され、L7、L8、L9及びL10は同一または異なっており、かつ、任意の場所が存在していなくても、または−C(=O)−であってもよく、Y1は酸性官能基であり、Y2及びY3は同一または異なっており、−OH、−SH、及び酸性官能基からそれぞれ独立して選択され、Y4は−OHまたは−SHであり、R1、R3、R5及びR6は同一または異なっており、C8〜C13アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R2及びR4は同一または異なっており、C6〜C11アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択される、前記式を有するか、または薬剤として許容されるその塩である、項目4〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目10)
前記第1組成物は前記第2組成物の投与前に投与される、項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目11)
前記第1組成物及び/または前記第2組成物は2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10回投与される、項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目12)
前記組み換え発現ベクターはレトロウイルスベクターゲノム、レンチウイルスベクターゲノム、ポックスウイルスベクターゲノム、ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルスベクターゲノム、アデノウイルス随伴ウイルスベクターゲノム、ヘルペルウイルスベクターゲノム、アルファウイルスベクターゲノム、プラスミドDNA及びRNAから選択される、項目1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目13)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子;前記ポックスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むポックスウイルスベクター粒子;前記ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノムを含むワクシニアウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルス随伴ウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルス随伴ウイルスベクター粒子;前記ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むヘルペスウイルスベクター粒子;または、前記アルファウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアルファウイルスベクター粒子である、項目12に記載の組成物。
(項目14)
前記ベクター粒子は前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子であり、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含む、項目13に記載の組成物。
(項目15)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸の変更を有するシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープを更に含み、残基160は欠失しているか、またはグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、E2糖タンパク質は、シンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を有する融合タンパク質の一部ではない、項目13または14に記載の組成物。
(項目16)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は前記組み換え発現ベクターを樹状細胞に送達する、項目15に記載の組成物。
(項目17)
前記癌はウイルス誘発性癌である、先行項目のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目18)
前記癌関連抗原は、前記発癌性ウイルスに由来する抗原である、項目17に記載の組成物。
(項目19)
前記第2組成物は、チェックポイント阻害剤、サイトカイン、クロロキン、ADCCを増加させる抗体、共刺激シグナルを促進する抗体、抗CD40抗体からなる群から選択される治療薬を含む組成物と組み合わされて投与される、項目1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目20)
前記第1組成物がアジュバントを更に含む、先行項目のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目21)
ポリペプチドと組み合わせたアジュバントを含むブースト組成物を投与することを更に含み、前記ポリペプチドは前記癌関連抗原、またはその免疫原性断片を含む、先行項目のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目22)
前記誘発した免疫応答は細胞障害性Tリンパ球免疫応答を含む、先行項目のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目23)
前記第2組成物を投与することは、投与部位におけるCD8+T細胞の増大の誘発を含む、先行項目のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
(項目24)
先行項目のいずれか一項に従った、第1組成物及び第2組成物を含むキット。
(項目25)
a)レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1組成物であって、前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、前記組み換え発現ベクターは癌に関連する免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、前記ポリヌクレオチドは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合しており、前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子が、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸の変更を有するシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープを更に含み、残基160は欠失しているか、またはグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、E2糖タンパク質はシンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を有する融合タンパク質の一部ではない、前記第1組成物;並びに、
b)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2組成物であって、前記第2組成物は免疫原を含まず、前記TLR4アゴニストは、安定した水中油型エマルション中で配合されたグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)であり、前記GLAは式
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、式を有する、前記第2組成物
を含む組成物であって、
前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、
対象における癌の治療方法に関し、前記第1組成物は筋肉内、皮内または皮下投与され、前記対象において、前記癌に関連する前記免疫原に特異的な免疫応答を誘発し、前記第2組成物は腫瘍内または腫瘍周辺投与され、前記第1組成物または第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与される、
前記組成物。
(項目26)
a)i.癌関連抗原に特異的な抗原特異的T細胞であって、前記抗原特異的T細胞はex vivoで増殖されている、前記抗原特異的T細胞、
ii.前記癌関連抗原を認識するキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされたT細胞、または
iii.MHCとの関係において、前記癌関連抗原を認識する特異的キメラT細胞受容体(TCR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされたT細胞、
を含む第1組成物、及び、
b)薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物であって、前記第2組成物が免疫原を含まない、前記第2組成物、
を含む組成物であって、
前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、
対象における癌の治療方法での使用に関し、前記第1組成物は前記対象に全身投与され、前記第2組成物は腫瘍内投与され、前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される、
前記組成物。
(項目27)
前記アジュバントは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントである、項目26に記載の組成物。
(項目28)
前記アジュバントはグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である、項目26に記載の組成物。
(項目29)
GLAは安定した水中油型エマルション中に配合される、項目28に記載の組成物。
(項目30)
前記GLAは、式
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、前記式を有する、項目28または29に記載の組成物。
(項目31)
R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、項目30に記載の組成物。
(項目32)
a)ベクター粒子を含む第1組成物であって、前記ベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、前記組み換え発現ベクターは癌関連抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、前記ポリヌクレオチドは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合している、前記第1組成物、及び、
b)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2組成物であって、前記組成物は抗原を含まない、前記第2組成物
を含む組成物であって、
前記第1組成物及び前記第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、対象の腫瘍微小環境においてT細胞を増大させる方法での使用において、前記第1組成物は全身投与されるため、前記対象における前記癌関連抗原に対して免疫応答を誘発し、前記第2組成物は前記対象に腫瘍内または腫瘍周辺投与され、前記第1組成物及び第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与されることで、前記腫瘍微小環境においてT細胞を増加させる、
前記組成物。
(項目33)
前記ベクター粒子は、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含むレンチウイルスベクター粒子;前記ポックスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むポックスウイルスベクター粒子;前記ワクシニアウイルスベクターゲノムを含むワクシニアウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルスベクター粒子;前記アデノウイルス随伴ウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアデノウイルス随伴ウイルスベクター粒子;前記ヘルペスウイルスベクターゲノムを含むヘルペスウイルスベクター粒子;または、前記アルファウイルスベクターゲノムを含むアルファウイルスベクター粒子である、項目[00373]に記載の組成物。
(項目34)
前記ベクター粒子は前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子であり、前記レンチウイルスベクターゲノムを含む、項目33に記載の組成物。
(項目35)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸の変更を有するシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープを更に含み、残基160は欠失しているか、またはグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、E2糖タンパク質は、シンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を有する融合タンパク質の一部ではない、項目33または34に記載の組成物。
(項目36)
前記レンチウイルスベクター粒子は前記組み換え発現ベクターを樹状細胞に送達する、項目35に記載の組成物。
(項目37)
前記TLR4アゴニストは無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントである、項目[00373]に記載の組成物。
(項目38)
前記TLR4アゴニストはグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である、項目[00373]に記載の組成物。
(項目39)
前記GLAは安定した水中油型エマルション中で形成される、項目38に記載の組成物。
(項目40)
前記GLAは、式
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、前記式を有する、項目38または39に記載の組成物。
(項目41)
R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、項目40に記載の組成物。
本明細書に記載されるプライム−プルレジメンは、種々の癌の治療に有用であり得る。一実施形態では、本明細書に記載の方法は、種々の充実性腫瘍、即ち癌、肉腫及びリンパ腫の治療に有用であり得る。ある種の実施形態において、癌は原発充実性腫瘍であり、特定の他の実施形態において、癌は転移性または二次性充実性腫瘍である。関連するある種の実施形態において、癌は、黒色腫、肺癌、子宮頸癌、卵巣癌、子宮癌、乳癌、肝臓癌、胃癌、大腸癌、前立腺癌、膵臓癌、腎臓癌、膀胱癌、脳腫瘍、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、脂肪肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨原性肉腫、脊索腫、血管肉腫、内皮肉腫、リンパ管肉腫、腹膜偽性粘液腫、リンパ管内皮肉腫、滑膜腫、中皮腫、ユーイング腫瘍、平滑筋肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、結腸癌、膵臓癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、メルケル細胞癌、汗腺癌、脂腺癌、乳頭状癌、乳頭腺癌、嚢胞腺癌、髄様癌、気管支原性癌、腎細胞癌、肝癌、胆管癌、絨毛癌、セミノーマ、胎児性癌、及びウィルムス腫瘍から選択される。関係するある種の他の実施形態において、癌細胞は、精巣腫瘍、肺癌、小細胞肺癌、膀胱癌、上皮癌、膠腫、多形性膠芽腫、星状細胞腫、形質細胞腫、髄芽腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、脳室上衣腫、松果体腫、血管芽細胞腫、聴神経腫、乏突起神経膠腫、髄膜腫、黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、網膜芽細胞腫、白血病、リンパ腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、多発性骨髄腫、ワルデンストレームマクログロブリン血症またはその他の癌から選択される癌に由来する。したがって、本明細書記載の方法は、「プライム−プル」免疫付与の投与を含む、癌の治療及び症状の緩和方法、並びに癌の転移の阻害方法を含み、ここで、第1の「プライム」、またはある種の実施形態においては「プライム/ブースト」組成物は、例えば、特異的免疫原(例えば1つ以上の腫瘍関連抗原)を発現する組み換え発現ベクターを含み、「プル」組成物は、免疫細胞を腫瘍に動員するための、GLA等のTLRアゴニストを含む。
近年の研究は、膀胱癌は、ヒトヘルペスウイルス8としても知られているカポジ肉腫関連ヘルペスウイルス(KSHV)、KSHVと関係していることを示唆している。特に、KSHV DNAは患者の55%で検出された(M.Paradzik et al.,Tumor Biology,2014,35(1),pp 567−572)。BCGは、サイトカインの放出、並びに好中球及びT細胞による浸潤により測定されるように、膀胱粘膜において強力な先天性反応及び炎症反応を誘発する。ヒトにおいては、BCGを膀胱内で適用することは、多数のプロ炎症性サイトカイン及びケモカイン、例えばIL−2、IL−6、IL−8、IL−12、TNF−α、IFN−γ、及びGM−CSFの誘導をもたらすことが示されている(Kitamura,H.,and Tsukamoto,T.,Cancers(3):3055−3072(2011)、及びAgarwal,A.,et al.,Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 32(2):384−356(2010))。マウスにおいては、4回の毎週の点滴投与後すぐに、BCGは著しく、T−ヘルパー1型(Th1)ケモカイン(Cxcl2、Cxcl9、Cxcl10、Xcl1)に対する遺伝子を上方制御し、Th1/Th2ケモカイン(RANTES、Ccl6及びCcl7)、並びにTh1極性化サイトカイン(IL−1β及びTNF−α)、並びにFc−γ−R1及びiNOSに対する遺伝子の発現を増加させた。これらの遺伝子の大部分は、6週間後に高く発現したままであった(Seow,S.W.,et al.,Immunology.2008 Jul;124(3):419−27(2008))。BCGを抗癌剤として使用する更なる開示は例えば、米国特許第5,712,123号に見出すことができ、本明細書に参照として組み込まれている。
一実施形態では、少なくとも1つの免疫原であって、該免疫原に対して免疫応答を誘発する免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む組み換え発現ベクターを提供する。免疫原の効率的な転写及び翻訳を得るために、各ベクターでコードするポリヌクレオチド配列は、少なくとも1つの適切な発現制御配列(制御発現配列または機能(feature))(例えばプロモーター、エンハンサー、リーダー)を含まなければならず、これらは、本明細書でより詳細に説明され、コードするポリヌクレオチド配列(複数可)に作用可能に結合している。したがって、これらの組み換え発現ベクターは、組み換え発現ベクターと共に形質転換、形質導入もしくはトランスフェクションされた、または、組み換え発現ベクターを含有するベクター粒子が導入された、任意の適切な宿主細胞において、免疫原の発現を指示するため、または、少なくとも2つの免疫原の同時発現を指示するために提供される。
本明細書に記載されるように、組み換え発現ベクターは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列を含む。ある種の実施形態において、組み換え発現ベクターがウイルスベクターゲノムを含む場合、特定の標的細胞内で少なくとも1つの免疫原が発現することが望ましい。通常、例えば、レンチウイルスベクターにおいて、免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列は、5’LTRと3’LTR配列との間に位置する。更に、コードヌクレオチド配列(複数可)は、他の遺伝子配列または調節配列または機能(feature)、例えば、特定の方法で免疫原の発現を制御する、プロモーターまたはエンハンサーを含む転写調節配列と機能的な関係で作用可能に結合しているのが好ましい。ある特定の場合において、有用な転写制御配列は、時間的活性及び空間的活性の両方が大幅に制御された配列である。コードされたポリペプチドの発現を制御するために使用され得る発現制御因子は、当技術分野において既知であり、誘導性プロモーター、構成的プロモーター、分泌シグナル、エンハンサー、及び他の調節配列が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
別の実施形態において、ベクター粒子を提供する。ベクター粒子は、少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む、本明細書で記載される組み換え発現ベクターのいずれか1つを含む。ある種の他の実施形態において、ベクター粒子は、特異的な免疫応答を誘発する少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含む1つの組み換え発現ベクター(第1の組み換え発現ベクターとも称される)を含む、組み換え発現系を含む。本明細書においては、(本明細書に記載した)少なくとも1つの免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを標的細胞に送達する方法もまた提供される。特定の実施形態では、標的細胞は、抗原提示細胞である免疫細胞である。より特定の実施形態では、本明細書に記載するように、標的細胞は樹状細胞である。かかる方法は、標的細胞を、ポリヌクレオチドを送達するビヒクルと接触させること(即ち、相互作用を可能にすること)を含む。特定の実施形態では、本明細書で詳述するように、ポリヌクレオチドの送達方法は、免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含有する組み換え発現ベクターを含むベクター粒子を、対象に投与することにより、細胞を接触させることを含む。ベクター粒子、組み換え発現ベクター、ポリヌクレオチド、及び免疫原を、本明細書で更に詳細に論ずる。
節足動物媒介ウイルス(アルボウイルス)は、蚊などの感染した節足動物ベクターにより、ヒト、ウマ、またはトリ等の宿主に伝播するウイルスである。アルボウイルスは更に、アルファウイルス及びフラビウイルスを含むウイルスのサブファミリーに分割され、これらは正極性の一本鎖RNAゲノム、及び糖タンパク質含有エンベロープを有する。例えば、デング熱ウイルス、黄熱ウイルス及びウエストナイルウイルスはフラビウイルスファミリーに属し、シンドビスウイルス、セムリキ森林ウイルス及びベネズエラウマ脳炎ウイルスは、アルファウイルスファミリーのメンバーである(例えば、Wang et al.,J.Virol.66,4992(1992)を参照)。シンドビスウイルスのエンベロープは、2つの膜貫通糖タンパク質を含む(例えば、Mukhopadhyay et al.Nature Rev.Microbiol.3,13(2005)を参照)。E1は融合を担うと考えられており、E2は細胞結合を担うと考えられている。シンドビスウイルスエンベロープ糖タンパク質は、オンコレトロウイルス及びレンチウイルスを含む、他のレトロウイルスを偽型化することが知られている。
本明細書記載の方法は、プライミングした免疫細胞を、投与の局所部位、特に腫瘍部位に「プル」する目的のアジュバントを含む少なくとも1つの組成物を、対象に投与することを含む。別の実施形態において、アジュバントを含む組成物は更に、免疫原、ある種の実施形態においては「プライム」の免疫原を含む。アジュバントを含むかかる組成物は免疫原を含まない場合があるため、ある種の実施形態においては、アジュバントを含む組成物は実質的に、免疫源を欠いている。ある種の実施形態において、アジュバントは、免疫原への免疫応答を高める(または向上させる、増大させる)(即ち、アジュバントの投与を欠いている得意的免疫応答の量と比較して、統計学的、生物学的、または臨床的に有意な方法で、免疫原に対する特異的な免疫応答の量を増加させる)。免疫応答の量を測定するための方法及び技術は本明細書で更に詳細に論じており、当該技術分野において日常的に実践される。
式中、部位A1及びA2は、水素、ホスフェート、及びリン酸塩からなる群から独立して選択される。ナトリウム及びカリウムが、リン酸塩の代表的な対イオンである。部位R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、及びR6は、C3〜C23で表される、3〜23個の炭素を有するヒドロカルビル基からなる群から独立して選択される。明確性を加えると、部位が複数の要素を有する特定の基「から独立して選択される」場合、第1部位に選択される要素が、第2部位に選ばれる要素の選択にいかなる方法においても影響を与えない、またはこれを制限しないと理解されるべきであると説明される。R1、R3、R5及びR6が結合する炭素原子は非対称であるため、RまたはS立体化学のいずれかで存在してよい。一実施形態において、これらの炭素原子は全てR立体化学であるが、別の実施形態においては、これらの炭素原子は全て、S立体化学である。
であって、
式中、L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、及びL6は同一または異なっており、−O−、−NH−、及び−(CH2)−から独立して選択され、L7、L8、L9及びL10は同一または異なっており、かつ、任意の場所が存在していなくても、または−C(=O)−であってもよく、Y1は酸性官能基であり、Y2及びY3は同一または異なっており、−OH、−SH、及び酸性官能基からそれぞれ独立して選択され、Y4は−OHまたは−SHであり、R1、R3、R5及びR6は同一または異なっており、C8〜C13アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R2及びR4は同一または異なっており、C6〜C11アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択される、該化学式から選択される構造を有するか、または薬剤として許容されるその塩である。
これらの方法で使用してよい免疫原としては、特異的免疫応答の誘発が望ましい任意の免疫原が挙げられる。免疫原は、体液性応答(即ち、B細胞応答)もしくは細胞性応答(細胞障害性T細胞応答を含む)、または両方を誘発することが可能である。特に、本明細書の方法での使用が企図されている免疫原は、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原を含む。ある種の実施形態において、免疫原は、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原、及び1つ以上の腫瘍関連抗原を含む。ある種の実施形態において、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原を、プライム−プル免疫付与のための免疫原として使用する。別の実施形態において、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原はプライムでの免疫原であり、1つ以上の腫瘍関連抗原は、局所投与されるプル用の免疫原である。ある種の実施形態において、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原及び1つ以上の腫瘍関連抗原は、プライムでの免疫原として使用され、1つ以上の発癌性ウイルス抗原及び1つ以上の腫瘍関連抗原は、プル用に局所投与される免疫原として使用される。特定の実施形態では、アジュバント組成物(「プル」組成物)は免疫原を含まないか、実質的に欠いている。
本明細書で記載される組成物のいずれかを、ヒトまたは動物の対象の治療方法に使用することができる。この方法は、組成物を、本明細書に記載した対象に投与することを含んでよい。
a)免疫原をコードし発現する発現ベクターを含む第1組成物;並びに/または
b)免疫原をコードし発現する発現ベクター、及びアジュバントもまた含む第1組成物;
c)ex vivoで増殖され、キメラ抗原受容体により遺伝子組み換えされて、腫瘍関連抗原を認識する自己由来もしくは腫瘍抗原特異的T細胞(CAR−T細胞)、または、遺伝子組み換えされ、MHCとの関係において、癌関連エピトープを認識する特異的なキメラT細胞受容体を発現するT細胞(CAR−TCR細胞)を含む第1組成物;
を投与することを含み、a)またはb)またはc)は、(互いに関して)任意の順で複数回投与され、かつ、以下の第2組成物と異なる、または同一の投与部位及び経路において、同時に、または逐次的に投与されてよい。
i)免疫原を有しないアジュバントを含む組成物;
ii)BCGと共にアジュバントを含む組成物;
iii)免疫原と共にアジュバントを含む組成物;並びに/または
iv)免疫原及びBCGと共にアジュバントを含む組成物。
本明細書に記載されるように、免疫原に対する免疫応答を誘発する、また特定の実施形態においては、誘発した細胞を対象の部位(例えば腫瘍;感染の粘膜部位)に引きつける、または動員する方法を提供する。免疫応答に関与する免疫系の細胞は通常、免疫細胞と称され、リンパ球、及びアクセサリー細胞等の非リンパ系細胞を含む。リンパ球は外来抗原を特異的に認識し、これに特異的に応答する細胞であり、アクセサリー細胞は、ある種の抗原に特異的ではないが、免疫応答の認識及び活性化フェーズに関与する細胞である。例えば、単核食細胞(マクロファージ)、他の白血球(例えば顆粒球(好中球、好酸球、好塩基球を含む))、及び樹状細胞は、免疫応答の誘発時にアクセサリー細胞として機能する。外来抗原によるリンパ球の活性化は、抗原を除去するように機能する多数のエフェクター機構の誘導または誘発をもたらす。エフェクター機構に影響を及ぼす、またはエフェクター機構に関与する、単核食細胞等のアクセサリー細胞もまた、エフェクター細胞と呼ばれる。
抗原が同定され、免疫応答を誘発するための免疫原として選択されると、所望の免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列が同定及び選択される。次いで、ポリヌクレオチド配列を含む組み換え発現ベクター、またはベクターを含むベクター粒子を、少なくとも1つの薬学的に好適な賦形剤またはキャリアと共に、免疫原性組成物に配合する。本明細書に記載されるように、アジュバントは少なくとも1つの薬学的に好適な賦形剤またはキャリアと共に配合される。免疫原性組成物及びアジュバント組成物は共に、免疫原及びアジュバントにとって、並びに投与経路(または方法)に対して、それぞれ好適な方法で配合される。
1. 癌の治療方法であって、
a)ウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1組成物を対象に投与することであって、該ウイルスベクター粒子が組み換え発現ベクターを含むみ、該組み換え発現ベクターは癌関連抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、かつ該ポリヌクレオチドが少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合していることで、該対象における該癌関連抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発する、該投与すること;及び
b)該対象に、薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物を局所投与することであって、該組成物は抗原を含まない、該投与すること;
を含み、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、更に薬学的に好適な賦形剤を含み、該第1組成物及び第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与される、該方法。
(I)
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、該式を有する、先の実施形態のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
(II)
であって、
L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、及びL6は同一または異なっており、−O−、−NH−、及び−(CH2)−から独立して選択され、L7、L8、L9及びL10は同一または異なっており、かつ、任意の場所が存在していなくても、または−C(=O)−であってもよく、Y1は酸性官能基であり、Y2及びY3は同一または異なっており、−OH、−SH、及び酸性官能基からそれぞれ独立して選択され、Y4は−OHまたは−SHであり、R1、R3、R5及びR6は同一または異なっており、C8〜C13アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R2及びR4は同一または異なっており、C6〜C11アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択される、該式を有するか、または薬剤として許容されるその塩である、先行実施形態のいずれかに記載の方法。
a)対象において、該癌に関連する免疫原に特異的な免疫応答を誘発することであって、該対象に、レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1組成物を投与することを含み、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、該組み換え発現ベクターは該免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、該ポリヌクレオチドは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合しており、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子は、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸の変更を有するシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープを更に含み、残基160は欠失しているか、またはグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、E2糖タンパク質はシンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を有する融合タンパク質の一部ではない、該誘発すること;並びに、
b)薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物を腫瘍内投与することであって、該第2組成物は免疫原を含まず、該アジュバントは、安定した水中油型エマルション内で配合されるグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントであり、該GLAは式
であって、式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、該式を有する、該投与すること、を含み、
該癌と関連する該免疫原は、CTA、NY−ESO−1、LAGE−1、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、MAGE−A10、CT7、CT10、GAGE、PRAME;BAGE;RAGE、SAGE、HAGE、MPHOSPH1、DEPDC1、IMP3及びMAGE−Aから選択され、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、該第1組成物及び第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与され、該第1組成物は筋肉内、皮内または皮下投与される、該方法。
a)該対象に、
i.癌関連抗原に特異的な抗原特異的T細胞であって、前述の抗原特異的T細胞はex vivoで増殖されている、該抗原特異的T細胞、
ii.該癌関連抗原を認識するキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされたT細胞、または
iii.MHCとの関係において、該癌関連抗原を認識する特異的キメラT細胞受容体(TCR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされたT細胞、
を含む第1組成物を投与すること、及び、
b)該対象に、薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物を腫瘍内投与することであって、該第2組成物は抗原を含まないか、または所望により、先行実施形態のいずれかに記載されている癌関連抗原等の抗原を含む、該投与すること、
を含み、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、更に薬学的に好適な賦形剤を含み、該第1組成物及び第2組成物は同時または逐次的に投与される、該方法。
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、該式を有する、実施形態33または実施形態34に記載の方法。
a)ウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1組成物であって、該ウイルスベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、該組み換え発現ベクターは癌関連抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、かつ該ポリヌクレオチドは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合していることで、該対象における該癌関連抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発する、該第1組成物;及び
b)薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物であって、該第2組成物は抗原を含まない、該第2組成物
を含む、組成物であって、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、癌の治療方法での使用に関し、該第1組成物は該対象に全身投与され、かつ、該第2組成物は該対象に局所投与され、該第1組成物及び該第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される、該組成物。
(I)
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、該式を有する、先行実施形態のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
(II)
であって、
式中、L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、及びL6は同一または異なっており、−O−、−NH−、及び−(CH2)−から独立して選択され、L7、L8、L9及びL10は同一または異なっており、かつ、任意の場所が存在していなくても、または−C(=O)−であってもよく、Y1は酸性官能基であり、Y2及びY3は同一または異なっており、−OH、−SH、及び酸性官能基からそれぞれ独立して選択され、Y4は−OHまたは−SHであり、R1、R3、R5及びR6は同一または異なっており、C8〜C13アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択され、R2及びR4は同一または異なっており、C6〜C11アルキルからなる群からそれぞれ独立して選択される、該式を有するか、または薬剤として許容されるその塩である、実施形態44〜45のいずれか1つに記載されている組成物。
a)レンチウイルスベクター粒子を含む第1組成物であって、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、該組み換え発現ベクターは癌に関連する免疫原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、該ポリヌクレオチドは少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合しており、該レンチウイルスベクター粒子が、配列番号1と比較して少なくとも1つのアミノ酸の変更を有するシンドビスウイルスE2糖タンパク質を含むエンベロープを更に含み、残基160は欠失しているか、またはグルタミン酸以外のアミノ酸であり、E2糖タンパク質はシンドビスウイルスE3タンパク質を有する融合タンパク質の一部ではない、該第1組成物;並びに、
b)薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物であって、該第2組成物は免疫原を含まず、該アジュバントは、安定した水中油型エマルション内で配合されるグルコピラノシルリピドA(GLA)である無毒性リピドA関連アジュバントであり、該GLAは式
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はウンデシルに相当し、R2及びR4はトリデシルに相当する、該式を有する、該第2組成物、
を含む、組成物であって、
癌に関連する該免疫原は、CTA、NY−ESO−1、LAGE−1、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、MAGE−A10、CT7、CT10、GAGE、PRAME;BAGE;RAGE、SAGE、HAGE、MPHOSPH1、DEPDC1、IMP3及びMAGE−Aから選択され、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、対象における癌の治療方法に関して、該第1組成物は筋肉内、皮内または皮下投与され、該対象において、該癌に関連する該免疫原に特異的な免疫応答を誘発し、該第2組成物は腫瘍内投与され、該第1組成物及び該第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される、該組成物。
a)i.癌関連抗原に特異的な自己由来もしくは異種抗原特異的T細胞であって、前述の抗原特異的T細胞はex vivoで増殖されている、該細胞、
ii.該癌関連抗原を認識するようにキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされた、自己由来もしくは異種T細胞、または
iii.MHCとの関係において、該癌関連抗原を認識する特異的キメラT細胞受容体(TCR)を発現するように遺伝子組み換えされたT細胞、
を含む第1組成物、及び、
b)薬学的に好適なアジュバントを含む第2組成物であって、該第2組成物が免疫原を含まない、該第2組成物、
を含む組成物であって、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、
対象における癌の治療方法での使用に関し、該第1組成物は該対象に全身投与され、該第2組成物は腫瘍内投与され、該第1組成物及び該第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される、該組成物。
であって、
式中、R1、R3、R5及びR6はC11〜C20アルキルであり、R2及びR4はC12〜C20アルキルである、該式を有する、先の実施形態のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
a)腫瘍を有する対象に、ベクター粒子を含む第1組成物を投与することであって、該ベクター粒子は組み換え発現ベクターを含み、該組み換え発現ベクターは癌関連抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、かつ該ポリヌクレオチドが少なくとも1つの制御発現配列に作用可能に結合していることで、該対象における該癌関連抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発する、該投与すること;及び、
b)TLR4アゴニストを含む第2組成物を該対象に腫瘍内または腫瘍周辺投与することであって、該組成物は抗原を含まない、該投与すること、
を含む、腫瘍微小環境においてT細胞を増大させる方法であって、
該第1組成物及び該第2組成物はそれぞれ、薬学的に好適な賦形剤を更に含み、かつ、該第1組成物及び該第2組成物は、同時または逐次的に投与される
ことで、該腫瘍微小環境においてT細胞を増加させる、該方法。
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BR112016018521A2 (pt) | 2017-10-17 |
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IL247066B (en) | 2020-11-30 |
CA2939093A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
EA201691631A1 (ru) | 2017-01-30 |
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AU2015218365A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
EP3542816A1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
IL247066A0 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
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