JP2019040875A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法および前記正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法および前記正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019040875A JP2019040875A JP2018202103A JP2018202103A JP2019040875A JP 2019040875 A JP2019040875 A JP 2019040875A JP 2018202103 A JP2018202103 A JP 2018202103A JP 2018202103 A JP2018202103 A JP 2018202103A JP 2019040875 A JP2019040875 A JP 2019040875A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode active
- lithium secondary
- active material
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910014211 My O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 48
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
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- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005993 acrylate styrene-butadiene rubber polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057061 mevalonolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
電池は、正極と負極に電気化学反応が可能な物質を使用することによって電力を発生させるものである。このような電池中の代表的な例としては、正極および負極でリチウムイオンがインターカレーション/デインターカレーションされる時の化学電位の変化により電気エネルギーを生成するリチウム二次電池がある。
リチウム二次電池の正極活物質としては、リチウム複合金属化合物が使用されており、その例としてLiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiNi1−xCoxO2(0<x<1)、LiMnO2、LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2(0<x<1、1<y<1)などの複合金属酸化物が研究されている。
Li1+xCo1−yMyO2
(上記式中、
−0.2≦x≦0.2であり、
0<y≦0.3であり、
Mは、Niと、Mn、B、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Alまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択される一つとを含む。)
前記化学式1で表される化合物のMは、NiおよびMnを含むことができる。
Li1+xCo1−yMyO2
(上記式中、
−0.2≦x≦0.2であり、
0<y≦0.3であり、
Mは、Niと、Mn、B、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Alまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択される一つとを含む。)
前記正極活物質に含まれる化学式1で表される化合物は、CoとMで表される金属を含み、この時、CoとMで表される金属のうち、Mで表される金属を20モル%以下で含有する。このような組成を有する化合物を正極活物質として使用することによってリチウム二次電池の電気化学的特性を改善することができる。前記リチウム二次電池は、容量と寿命に優れ、安定性にも優れ、且つ高出力および高容量化が可能である。
Li2CO3粉末39.55g、Co3O4粉末73.64gおよびNi0.95Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2粉末9.36gを混合して975℃で10時間にかけて1次焼成した。焼成して得た粉末をディスクミリングした後、エアジェットミルを行った。
Li2CO3粉末39.57g、Co3O4粉末69.60gおよびNi0.95Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2粉末14.06gを混合して975℃で10時間にかけて1次焼成した。焼成して得た粉末をディスクミリングした後、エアジェットミルを行った。
Li2CO3粉末39.60g、Co3O4粉末65.55gおよびNi0.95Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2粉末18.75gを混合して975℃で10時間にかけて1次焼成した。焼成して得た粉末をディスクミリングした後、エアジェットミルを行った。
Li2CO3粉末39.52g、Co3O4粉末77.69gおよびNi0.95Mn0.025Mg0.025(OH)2粉末28.12gを混合して975℃で10時間にかけて1次焼成した。焼成して得た粉末をディスクミリングした後、エアジェットミルを行った。
Li2CO3粉末39.64g、Co3O4粉末81.19gおよびMgO粉末0.41gを混合して1050℃で10時間にかけて1次焼成した。焼成して得た粉末をディスクミリングした後、エアジェットミルを行った。
前記合成例1で製造された粉末を正極活物質として使用し、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドおよび導電剤としてカーボンブラックを90:5:5重量比にN−メチルピロリドン溶媒で混合して正極活物質層スラリーを製造した。前記正極活物質層スラリーを正極集電体としてアルミニウム箔上に塗布して薄い極板の形態で作った後、約120℃で1時間乾燥し、圧延して正極活物質層を含む正極を製造した。
前記実施例1で使用した正極活物質の代わりに合成例2で製造された粉末を使用した点を除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法でコインセルを製造した。
前記実施例1で使用した正極活物質の代わりに合成例3で製造された粉末を使用した点を除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法でコインセルを製造した。
前記実施例1で使用した正極活物質の代わりに合成例4で製造された粉末を使用した点を除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法でコインセルを製造した。
前記実施例1で使用した正極活物質の代わりに合成例5で製造された粉末を使用した点を除いては、前記実施例1と同様な方法でコインセルを製造した。
112…負極
113…セパレータ
114…正極
120…電池容器
140…封入部材
Claims (12)
- 下記化学式1で表される化合物を含む正極活物質と、
シリコン系負極活物質を含む負極と、
非水電解液とを含む、リチウム二次電池。
[化学式1]
Li1+xCo1−yMyO2
(上記式中、
−0.2≦x≦0.2であり、
0<y≦0.3であり、
Mは、Niと、Mn、B、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Alまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択される一つとを含む。) - 前記化学式1で表される化合物のMは、NiおよびMnを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記NiおよびMnのモル比は、9:0.1乃至9:2である、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物のMは、Mg、Tiまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択される一つをさらに含む、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 充放電効率は、86乃至94%である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記シリコン系負極活物質は、シリコン(Si)、シリコン酸化物、表面が導電性カーボンでコーティングされたシリコン酸化物、および表面が導電性カーボンでコーティングされたシリコン(Si)からなる群より選択された少なくとも一つである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 固体状のLi原料物質、固体状のCo原料物質および固体状のM原料物質を混合した混合物を準備し、ただし、前記固体状のCo原料物質および前記固体状のM原料物質のモル比は、CoおよびMのモル比が0.7以上1未満:0超過0.3以下になるようにした混合物を準備する段階と、
前記混合物を1次熱処理する段階と、
前記1次熱処理された混合物を粉砕する段階と、
前記粉砕された結果物を2次熱処理する段階とを含み、
前記Mは、Niと、Mn、B、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Alまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択されるいずれか一つとを含む、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記固体状のM原料物質は、NiおよびMnを含む共沈物である、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記混合物は、B、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Alまたはこれらの組み合わせから選択される一つの追加的な金属の原料物質をさらに含み、
前記固体状のCo原料物質、および前記固体状のM原料物質と前記追加的な金属の原料物質との合計量のモル比は、Co、およびMと追加的な金属との合計量のモル比が0.7以上1未満:0超過0.3以下になるようにした、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記1次熱処理された混合物を粉砕した後、前記粉砕された粒子にNi、Mn、Coまたはこれらの組み合わせを含むコーティング層を乾式または湿式方法で形成した後、2次熱処理を行う、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次熱処理は、950乃至1100℃で行う、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次熱処理は、900乃至1050℃で行う、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
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