JP2018171907A - 吸音テキスタイル複合材 - Google Patents
吸音テキスタイル複合材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018171907A JP2018171907A JP2018048854A JP2018048854A JP2018171907A JP 2018171907 A JP2018171907 A JP 2018171907A JP 2018048854 A JP2018048854 A JP 2018048854A JP 2018048854 A JP2018048854 A JP 2018048854A JP 2018171907 A JP2018171907 A JP 2018171907A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- support layer
- dtex
- fibers
- weight
- sound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
- G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
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- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
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Abstract
Description
a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、さらに好ましくは0.4dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維(Gerustfaser(uはウムラウト付))として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層、ならびに
b)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む、支持層上に配置された微多孔性流層、
を含む吸音テキスタイル複合材、特に不織布複合材によって解決され、
ただし、吸音テキスタイル複合材の流れ抵抗は、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3、好ましくは250Ns/m3〜4000Ns/m3、さらに好ましくは250Ns/m3〜3000Ns/m3、特に250Ns/m3〜2000Ns/m3である。
芯にも同様に非常に様々な材料を使用できる。芯に好ましい材料は、本発明によると、ポリエステル、特にポリエチレンテレフタレート、および/またはポリエチレンナフタレート、および/またはポリオレフィンである。
a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む微多孔性流層の準備および/または製造、
c)支持層上での流層の配置、
d)支持層と流層との結合
を含む、本発明による、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3、特に250Ns/m3〜2000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有するテキスタイル複合材の製造方法である。
a’)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b’)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む微多孔性流層としてのメルトブロー不織布の、支持層上への紡糸、
を含む、本発明による、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3、特に250Ns/m3〜2000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有する不織布複合材の製造方法である。
1.7dtexで繊維長が38mmの微細PET短繊維、および繊度が3.3dtexで繊維長が64mmの粗PET短繊維、および4.4dtexで繊維長が51mmのPET/Co−PET二成分繊維からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが21mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。短繊維不織布は、熱結合同様にバインダ結合もされている。その短繊維不織布上に、目付け量が50g/m2、厚さが0.5mm、および平均繊維径が2μmのポリプロピレンメルトブロー不織布を、スプレー接着剤を使って塗布する。
繊度が17dtexで繊維長が38mmの粗ポリオレフィン二成分繊維からなる、目付け量が350g/m2で厚さが20mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。その短繊維不織布上で、目付け量が50g/m2、厚さが0.5mm、および平均繊維径が2μmのポリプロピレンメルトブロー不織布を、スプレー接着剤を使って塗布する。
65重量%が微細ポリプロピレンメルトブロー繊維および35重量%が粗PET短繊維からなる、目付け量が330g/m2で厚さが21mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。さらに、その短繊維不織布の片側上には、100重量%のポリプロピレンからなる被覆層が存在する。
0.6dtexの微細PET短繊維50重量%、および繊度が4.4dtexの粗PET短繊維50重量%からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが10mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。
0.6dtexの微細PET短繊維80重量%、および繊度が4.4dtexの粗PET短繊維20重量%からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが10mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。
例1および比較例2に対して、支持層の流れ抵抗および流層の流れ抵抗を互いに独立に、ならびに組み合わせてDIN EN 29053に準拠して測定した。
例1、比較例2および3の吸音率を、DIN EN ISO 10534−1、第1部に準拠して測定した。結果を図1に示す。
ISO 9073−1に準拠、ただし測定サンプルの面積は100mmx100mmである。
DIN EN ISO 9073−2、方法BおよびCに準拠。
DIN 53810(紡糸繊維の繊度−用語および測定原理)に準拠して、顕微鏡、および繊維径を算出するための対応するソフトウェアを使用。全部で>20本の単一繊維から4つの顕微鏡標本を準備する。顕微鏡標本ごとに、はさみでおよそ2〜3mmの長さに繊維をカットして、解剖針を使ってスライドグラス上に載せる。続いて、対応するソフトウェアを利用して、繊維径をμmで算出して平均を出す。繊維径の平均値は、続いて、次の数式を手がかりに繊維繊度Ttに換算できる。
既存の繊維サンプルから10個の繊維束を選択し、10個の繊維束のそれぞれから、ピンセットを使って単一繊維を取り出し、繊維の一方の自由端を2つの留め金のうちの1つに固定し、第2の繊維端を残りの留め金に固定することにより、10本の単一繊維の繊維長を算出する。ハンドル車を回して、繊維をまっすぐになるまで伸ばす。繊維の長さは、測定装置のスケールから読み取り、mmでメモする。記録したすべての結果の平均値が短繊維長を示す。
DIN EN ISO 11357−3、示差走査熱量分析(DSC)−第3部:融点および結晶化温度ならびに融解エンタルピーおよび結晶化エンタルピーの測定に準拠、ただし、加熱速度は、10K/分を用いる。
DIN 53885(テキスタイルおよびテキスタイル製品の圧縮性の測定)に準拠し、ただし、圧縮性の測定は、規格で記載される装置とは異なる試験装置を用いて行う。つまり、寸法が100mmx100mmの測定サンプル、長さスケールがmmの測定ボード、寸法が120mmx120mmの金属板、および直径が55mmで質量が1キログラムのシリンダ形状のおもりを準備する。
DIN EN ISO 1856(軟弾性高分子発泡体−圧縮永久ひずみの測定)に準拠。測定装置としては、章「圧縮性の測定」ですでに記載したのと同じ構成を利用する。復元能力の測定では、一定時間にわたる、一定温度での圧縮ひずみおよび指定した回復時間の後に、材料の初期厚さと最終厚さとの差異を算出する。
繊維に対する空気の体積比は、材料がどれだけ多孔性であるかの情報を与える。つまり、繊維と比べて空気の分率が高い場合、材料は、高い多孔性を有すると前提できる。体積比、V空気対V繊維は、次のように算出できる。それには、次の数式を手がかりに、まず試験片の体積を計算する。
DIN EN 29053、方法A(空気正流法)に準拠、ただし、サンプル有効径は100mmであり、空気圧は1000mbarに相応する。
DIN EN ISO 10534−1、第1部:定在波比による方法(ISO 10534−1:2001−10)に準拠、ただし、管長Aは100cmおよび管断面Aは77cm2に相応し、管長Bは30cmおよび管断面Bは6.6m2である。テキスタイル複合材および支持層の試験片を、直接に残響壁(schallharte Wand)に当てがって測定する。流層は、残響壁に対して20mmの距離で測定する。
Claims (15)
- a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層、ならびに
b)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む、支持層上に配置された微多孔性流層、
を含む吸音テキスタイル複合材であって、
前記吸音テキスタイル複合材の流れ抵抗が、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3、特に250Ns/m3〜2000Ns/m3であることを特徴とする吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 70%〜100%、より好ましくは75%〜100%、特に80%〜100%の圧縮率、および/または、
70%〜100%、より好ましくは75%〜100%、特に80%〜100%の復元能力を特徴とする、請求項1に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 前記支持層が不織布であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記支持層が、少なくとも部分的に溶融したバインダ繊維、特に芯鞘繊維をさらなる繊維として含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記支持層がバインダ繊維を含有せず、前記支持層が前記粗短繊維を、それぞれ支持層の総重量に対して50重量%〜90重量%、より好ましくは60重量%〜90重量%、特に70重量%〜90重量%の分率で含有すること、または
前記支持層が、さらなる繊維としてバインダ繊維を含有し、前記粗短繊維の分率が、それぞれ支持層の総重量に対して、40重量%〜80重量%、より好ましくは50重量%〜80重量%、特に60重量%〜80重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 前記支持層がバインダ繊維を含有せず、前記支持層が前記微細短繊維を、それぞれ支持層の総重量に対して10重量%〜50重量%、より好ましくは10重量%〜40重量%、特に10重量%〜30重量%の分率で含有すること、または
前記支持層が、さらなる繊維としてバインダ繊維を含有し、前記微細短繊維の分率が、それぞれ支持層の総重量に対して、10重量%〜50重量%、より好ましくは10重量%〜40重量%、特に10重量%〜30重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 前記骨格繊維として使用される微細短繊維および粗短繊維が、互いに独立に、20mm〜80mm、より好ましくは25mm〜80mm、特に30mm〜80mmの短繊維長を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記支持層がバインダ結合されており、バインダとして、好ましくはポリアクリレート、ポリスチレン、エチレンポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリウレタン、ならびにそれらの混合物およびコポリマーを使用することを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記支持層が、75:1〜250:1、より好ましくは100:1〜225:1、特に125:1〜200:1という空気の、繊維に対する体積比を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記流層が、繊度が10μm未満、好ましくは0.5μm〜5μm、さらに好ましくは1μm〜3μmのマイクロファイバ、特にメルトブロー繊維を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- それぞれ1000Hzにおいて30%〜100%、より好ましくは40%〜100%、さらに好ましくは50%〜100%の吸音率を特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 50g/m2〜350g/m2、より好ましくは100g/m2〜300g/m2、特に150g/m2〜250g/m2の目付け量を特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 5mm〜35mm、より好ましくは10mm〜30mm、特に15mm〜25mmの厚さを特徴とする、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 次のステップ
e)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
f)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む微多孔性流層の準備および/または製造、
g)支持層上での流層の配置、
h)支持層と流層との結合
を含む、および/または次のステップ
c’)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtex、特に0.5dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
d’)繊維径が10μm未満のマイクロファイバを含む微多孔性流層としてのメルトブロー不織布の、支持層上への紡糸、
を含む、
250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3、特に250Ns/m3〜2000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有するテキスタイル複合材の製造方法。 - 自動車部門における吸音を目的とした、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材の使用。
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