JP2011510787A - 無線組織電気刺激 - Google Patents
無線組織電気刺激 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(優先権の主張)
本特許出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)項の下で、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組込まれる2008年2月7日に出願された「WIRELESS STENT ELECTROSTIMULATION SYSTEM」という名称の、Roger Hastings他の米国仮特許出願題61/063,876号(代理人文書番号第00279.F35PRV)に対して優先権の利益を主張する。
無線電気刺激ノード「シード」デバイスは、完全に心腔内で、心内膜などの心臓ロケーションに埋め込まれ、拡張可能な誘導ループアンテナを用いて構成されうる。埋め込み手技中に、拡張可能ループは、最初に圧壊されるかまたは折畳まれて、より容易な埋め込みを可能にし、その後、広げられるかまたは拡張されて、より大きな表面積、したがって、誘導送信アンテナに対するより大きな結合を達成しうる。心臓ペーシングの例では、誘導送信アンテナは、心臓リード線システムに組込まれ、所望のロケーションに埋め込まれると、拡張されるかまたは広げられるように構成されうる。
例3では、例1〜2の少なくとも1つのシステムは、任意選択で、受信機回路が、時間的に変化する磁束によって転送される誘導結合エネルギーを貯蔵するように構成されるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスを備え、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスが、最大限1ミリジュールのエネルギーを貯蔵するように構成され、組織電気刺激が、誘導結合エネルギー転送の打切り後1分程度してエネルギー貯蔵デバイスの枯渇によって阻止されるシステムを備える。
例7では、例1〜6の少なくとも1つのシステムは、任意選択で、無線エネルギー送信源が、時間的に変化する磁束のバーストパルス継続時間を変更するように構成され、組織電気刺激回路が、整流器の出力に結合される電圧クランプデバイスを備え、電気刺激パルスのエネルギー含有量が、電圧クランプデバイスの両端の電圧が実質的に電圧クランプデバイス閾値電圧以上であるとき、バーストパルス継続時間によって制御されるシステムを備える。
例13は方法を述べる。この例では、方法は、心血管無線電気刺激ノードを身体内ロケーションに送出すること、無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップを拡張させること、時間的に変化する磁束を生成すること、時間的に変化する磁束を無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップに結合させること、無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップワイヤループを1.1より小さい比透磁率のコア材料を用いて構成すること、組織電気刺激を送出するのに少なくとも十分な誘導結合エネルギーを捕捉すること、所定の組織電気刺激波形の送出の始動を制御すること、および、始動に応答して、所定の組織電気刺激波形を送出することを含む。
例15では、例13〜14の少なくとも1つの方法は、任意選択で、無線電気刺激ノードに含まれるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス内に誘導結合エネルギーを貯蔵すること、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス内への1ミリジュールより大きいエネルギーの貯蔵を阻止すること、時間的に変化する磁束を打切ること、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスを枯渇させること、および、エネルギー貯蔵デバイスを枯渇させることに応答して、時間的に変化する磁束の打切り後1分を越えて組織電気刺激の送出を阻止することを含む。
例19では、例13〜18の少なくとも1つの方法は、任意選択で、時間的に変化する磁束のバーストパルス継続時間を変更すること、時間的に変化する磁束を整流することによって生成される電圧をクランプすること、および、電圧クランプデバイスの両端の電圧が実質的に電圧クランプデバイス閾値電圧以上であるとき、時間的に変化する磁束のバーストパルス継続時間を変更することによって、電気刺激パルスのエネルギー含有量を制御することを含む。
図2の実施例は、電池226、電圧レギュレータ225、およびマイクロプロセッサ224を含みうる無線エネルギー源220を示す。いくつかの実施例では、マイクロプロセッサ224は、電池226またはキャパシタ227などのオプションの過渡エネルギー貯蔵デバイスから誘導アンテナ206への電流を制御するために、マイクロプロセッサ224に結合されうる。一実施例では、誘導アンテナは、ワイヤループ208からなる。別の実施例では、誘導アンテナ206は、向き感度を減少させるために、互いに空間的に直交するように構成されうる複数のワイヤループ208からなる。同調要素229が使用されて、時間的に変化する磁束214が、誘導アンテナ206によってそこで生成されることになる周波数範囲が選択されることが可能になりうる。その結果得られるインダクタンス−キャパシタンス(LC)回路は、共振「タンク(tank)」回路を形成し、その回路は、300KHz〜10MHzの範囲から選択されるが、誘導アンテナ206を備えるインダクタ208の自己共振周波数より小さく選択された共振周波数の動作範囲を有しうる。
η=κQQ1x/[(1+x)(1+x+κQQ1)] (1)
κQQ1≫1+x、 η→x/(1+x) (3)
が得られ、x≫1であるとき、電力結合効率ηが1に近づく(100%に相当する)。そのため、結合定数κの小さい値について、品質係数が十分に大きい場合、電力結合効率は1に近づきうる。
VCAP=VCLAMP[w/rLCL](w≪rLCLの場合) (5)
として近似されうる。
支柱400A〜400Dは、たとえば図4Aに示すように、誘導ピックアップ112Bの断面に巻き付くかまたは断面を取り囲むことなどによって、誘導ピックアップ112Bに機械的に固定されうる。支柱400A〜400Dを機械的に結合する他の技法は、ハウジング410、誘導ピックアップ112Bなどの1つまたは複数に支柱400A〜400Dの1つまたは複数を溶接するかまたは付着させることを含みうる。
一部の実施例では、図3A、3B、4A、4Bに示すシード110Aおよび110Bの1つまたは複数の要素は、血塊または血栓形成を抑制するために、抗凝固剤または他の処置剤をコーティングされうる。一部の実施例では、シード110A、110Bの1つまたは複数の要素は、組織内部成長を増大させるために、表面処理で仕上げられうる。一部の実施例では、シード110A、110Bは、組織102内に組込まれうる。こうした埋め込みは、血栓塞栓症の可能性を低減し、また同様に、所望の電気刺激を達成する閾値エネルギーを低減させうる(たとえば、心筋ペーシング閾値電圧の低減)。
受信電力は、送信機コイルの平面と受信機コイルの平面との間の角度が、ゼロ度からずれるにつれて減少する(結合効率κを減少させる)ことになり、向き感度をもたらす。一部の実施例では、複数の平面内の複数の送信コイルおよびさらに単一平面内の複数のコイルは、こうした向き感度を減少させるのに役立ちうる。複数の受信機コイルは、送信機の遠方場においてさらなるエネルギーをほとんど消費せず、複数の受信機が誘導送信機の近くで動作する実施例を可能にする。
追加事項
上述した説明は、詳細な説明の一部を形成する添付図面に対する参照を含む。図面は、例証として、本発明が実施されうる特定の実施形態を示す。これらの実施形態はまた、本明細書で「実施例」とも呼ばれる。こうした実施例は、示し述べた要素以外の要素を含みうる。しかし、本発明は、示し述べる要素だけがそこで提供される実施例も企図する。
Claims (24)
- 無線電気刺激システムであって、
誘導アンテナを含み、時間的に変化する磁束を生成するように構成された無線エネルギー送信源と、
経皮経管的カテーテル送出システムを使用して埋め込み可能であるように寸法決定されかつ形作られた心血管無線電気刺激ノードであって、
組織電気刺激を生成するのに少なくとも十分な誘導結合エネルギーを前記誘導アンテナから捕捉するように構成された受信機回路であって、該受信機回路は、前記時間的に変化する磁束を結合するように構成された機械的に拡張可能な誘導ピックアップであって、1.1より小さい比透磁率を含むコア材料を含む前記機械的に拡張可能な誘導ピックアップを含む、前記受信機回路と、
前記受信機回路に結合され、前記受信機回路によって捕捉されたエネルギーを、所定の組織電気刺激波形として送出するように構成され、少なくとも1つの組織電気刺激電極を含む組織電気刺激回路と
を含む、前記心血管無線電気刺激ノードと、
組織電気刺激ノードに通信可能に結合され、前記組織電気刺激電極による組織電気刺激の送出を始動するように構成される治療コントロールユニットと
を備えるシステム。 - 前記心血管無線電気刺激ノードは、血管内送出のために構成されかつ寸法決定されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記受信機回路は、
前記時間的に変化する磁束によって転送される誘導結合エネルギーを貯蔵するように構成されるエネルギー貯蔵デバイスを含み、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスは、最大限1ミリジュールのエネルギーを貯蔵するように構成され、
前記組織電気刺激は、前記誘導結合エネルギーの転送の打切り後1分以下で、前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスの枯渇により阻止される、請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記組織電気刺激回路は、
前記受信機回路と前記組織刺激電極との間に結合された整流器と、
前記組織刺激電極と前記受信機回路との間に結合された直流遮断デバイスと
を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの組織電気刺激電極は、心臓組織に結合されるように構成されるカソードを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの組織電気刺激電極は、心臓組織に結合されるように構成されるアノードを含み、
前記組織電気刺激回路は、500オーム等価負荷に結合される場合、0.4ミリ秒のパルス幅の少なくとも2.5Vピーク振幅の電気刺激パルスを、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間で生成することが可能であるように構成される、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記心血管無線電気刺激ノードは、
機械的に拡張可能な誘導ピックアップであって、
絶縁ワイヤループと、
前記絶縁ワイヤループに機械的に結合する形状記憶材料のループであって、形状記憶材料のループの少なくとも一部分は非導電性である、前記形状記憶材料のループを含む拡張可能機械的支持体と
を含む前記機械的に拡張可能な誘導ピックアップと、
ハウジングであって、
前記絶縁ワイヤループに導電的に結合する受信機回路電荷貯蔵デバイスと、
前記組織電気刺激回路と
を含み、前記形状記憶材料のループによって包囲される空間内に配設される、前記ハウジングと、
形状記憶材料からなり、前記形状記憶材料のループを円柱ハウジングに固定するように構成される支柱と
を含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記誘導ピックアップの少なくとも一部分を包囲するように構成される生体適合性誘電性封止剤を備える、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記無線エネルギー送信源は、前記時間的に変化する磁束のバーストパルス継続時間を変更するように構成され、前記組織電気刺激回路は、前記整流器の出力に結合される電圧クランプデバイスを含み、前記電気刺激パルスのエネルギー含有量は、前記電圧クランプデバイスの両端の電圧が実質的に電圧クランプデバイス閾値電圧以上である場合に、前記バーストパルス継続時間によって制御される、請求項5乃至6のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記誘導ピックアップは、拡張すると、2cm以下の最大外径になるように構成され、
前記ハウジングは、2mm以下の円柱径および5mm以下の長さから成り、
前記円柱ハウジングおよび心臓組織取り付け機構の全長は、10mmの公称最小心筋組織壁厚以下である、請求項5乃至7のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。 - 前記無線エネルギー送信源は、500キロヘルツと5メガヘルツとを含む、500キロヘルツから5メガヘルツまでの周波数範囲内の所定の受信機共振周波数で前記時間的に変化する磁束を生成するように構成され、前記無線エネルギー送信源は、前記誘導結合エネルギーを、少なくとも1%の電力結合効率で送出するように構成される、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記無線エネルギー送信源および前記治療コントロールユニットは共に、前記無線電気刺激ノードを含む患者の身体の外部に配置されるように構成される、請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記無線エネルギー送信源および前記治療コントロールユニットを含む電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットを備える、請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記無線エネルギー送信源は、
埋め込み型柔軟リード線を含み、前記埋め込み型柔軟リード線は、
埋め込み型無線電気刺激ノードの近くに配置されるように構成される遠位端と、
前記電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットのハウジングに、または、その近くに配置されるように構成される近位端と、
前記リード線の内部に配設され、かつ、前記電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットの前記ハウジングに導電的に結合される少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体と、
前記リード線の前記遠位端に配設され、かつ、前記リード線の前記近位端で前記少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体に導電的に結合される前記誘導アンテナと
を含み、
前記治療コントロールユニットは、前記少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体に電力供給するように構成される、請求項11に記載のシステム。 - 方法であって、
心血管無線電気刺激ノードを身体内ロケーションに送出すること、
無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップを拡張させること、
時間的に変化する磁束を生成すること、
前記時間的に変化する磁束を前記無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップに結合させること、
無線電気刺激ノード誘導ピックアップワイヤループを1.1より小さい比透磁率のコア材料を用いて構成すること、
組織電気刺激を送出するのに少なくとも十分な誘導結合エネルギーを捕捉すること、
所定の組織電気刺激波形の送出の始動を制御すること、
始動に応答して、所定の組織電気刺激波形を送出すること
を含む方法。 - 血管経路を通して身体内ロケーションへ心血管無線電気刺激ノードを送出することを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記無線電気刺激ノードに含まれるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス内に前記誘導結合エネルギーを貯蔵すること、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイス内への1ミリジュールより大きいエネルギーの貯蔵を阻止すること、
前記時間的に変化する磁束を打切ること、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスを枯渇させること、
前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスを枯渇させることに応答して、前記時間的に変化する磁束の打切り後1分を越えて前記組織電気刺激の送出を阻止すること
を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記時間的に変化する磁束を整流すること、
カソードを心臓組織に結合させること、
アノードを心臓組織に結合させること、
500オーム等価負荷に結合されると、0.4ミリ秒のパルス幅の少なくとも2.5Vピーク振幅の電気刺激パルスを、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間で生成すること、
組織刺激電極と受信機回路との間で直流の通過を遮断すること
を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 前記誘導ピックアップワイヤループを絶縁すること、
前記誘導ピックアップワイヤループを形状記憶機械的支持体に機械的に結合させること、
心臓組織壁の近くで形状記憶拡張可能機械的支持体を所定のループ形状に拡張させること、
前記形状記憶拡張可能機械的支持体の周縁に沿って非導電性部分を形成すること、
前記形状記憶機械的支持体を円柱ハウジングに機械的に結合させること、
前記形状記憶機械的支持体によって包囲される空間内に前記円柱ハウジングを配設すること
を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記誘導ピックアップの少なくとも一部分を、生体適合性誘電性封止剤を用いて包囲することを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記時間的に変化する磁束のバーストパルス継続時間を変更すること、
前記時間的に変化する磁束を整流することによって生成される電圧をクランプすること、
電圧クランプデバイスの両端の電圧が実質的に電圧クランプデバイス閾値電圧以上である場合に、前記時間的に変化する磁束の前記バーストパルス継続時間を変更することによって、前記電気刺激パルスのエネルギー含有量を制御すること
を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。 - 拡張時2cm以下の最大外径まで前記誘導ピックアップを拡張させること、
前記円柱ハウジングを2mm以下の径に制限すること、
前記円柱ハウジングを5mm以下の長さに制限すること、
前記円柱ハウジングおよび心臓組織取り付け機構の全長を、10mmの公称最小心筋組織壁厚以下に制限すること
を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。 - 500キロヘルツと5メガヘルツを含む、500キロヘルツから5メガヘルツまでの周波数範囲内の所定の受信機共振周波数で前記時間的に変化する磁束を生成すること、
少なくとも1%の電力結合効率で前記誘導結合エネルギーを転送すること
を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 患者の身体の外部のロケーションから前記時間的に変化する磁束を生成すること、
前記患者の身体の外部のロケーションから組織電気刺激を始動させること
を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットを身体内ロケーションに送出すること、
誘導アンテナを前記埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットに導電的に結合させること、
前記誘導アンテナを使用して前記時間的に変化する磁束を生成すること、
前記埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニットを使用して組織電気刺激を始動させること
を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 埋め込み型無線電気刺激ノードの近くに埋め込み型柔軟リード線の遠位端を配置すること、
前記誘導アンテナを前記埋め込み型柔軟リード線の前記遠位端に機械的に結合させること、
電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニット治療コントロールユニットのハウジングに、または、その近くに、心血管埋め込み型柔軟リード線の近位端を配置すること、
前記埋め込み型柔軟リード線内に少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体を配置すること、
前記電池駆動式埋め込み型心臓調律管理ユニット治療コントロールユニットのハウジングから前記誘導アンテナまで前記少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体を導電的に結合させること、
前記少なくとも2つのアンテナ給電導体に電力供給すること
を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
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Also Published As
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US9795797B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
JP5153892B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
US20160310750A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
US20170259070A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
US10307604B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
US8204605B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
US20090234407A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
EP2254663B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
US20090204170A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
US20140236172A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
US20190255336A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
US9393405B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2254663A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
US8738147B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
WO2009099597A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
WO2009099550A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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