JP5421286B2 - 心房頻脈性不整脈の低エネルギー停止の方法および装置 - Google Patents
心房頻脈性不整脈の低エネルギー停止の方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3956—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
- A61N1/3621—Heart stimulators for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate
- A61N1/3624—Heart stimulators for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate occurring in the atrium, i.e. atrial tachycardia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/395—Heart defibrillators for treating atrial fibrillation
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Description
治療が必要とされている。
テムと共に、AFおよびAF1の好結果の治療を可能にする仮想電極分極(「VEP」)を利用することができる。これは、ペーシング電極近傍の1つだけの小領域ではなく、心房組織の複数の領域を同時に遠隔電場によって興奮させることによって、可能となる。前記興奮はAFlおよびAFの双方に対してより効果的であり得る。前記方法は、典型的には、1つのみの高エネルギーの(約1〜約7ジュール)単相もしくは二相ショック、または遠隔電場電気刺激の2つの異なるベクトルからの2つの連続した単相ショックを用いる従来の除細動治療とは異なり得る。患者の痛覚閾値の相違を考慮するために、埋め込み型の装置の較正および操作の間に痛覚閾値を推定する際に、患者に対するリアルタイムフィードバックが提供され得る。
様では、電極セグメントのうちの1つ以上に選択的にエネルギーを与える能力を備えたセグメント化電極を用いることができる。次に、電場ベクトルの調整を用いて、一組のショックの印加内において、または、試行毎に、心房全体の最大の適用範囲を達成することができる。使用される最適な電場および適正な場のシーケンスもまた、各患者に対して試行錯誤によって探ることができる。
り高振幅の電流および/または異なるリード構成および刺激パラメータで、1回以上繰り返されることとを含む。
本願に援用される。
ができる。
ガレフ、ティ.(Mazgalev, T.)、チョウ、ピー.ジェイ.(Tchou, P. J.)、「Virtual Electrode-Induced Phase Singularity: A Basic Mechanism of Defibrillation Failure」、Circulation Research、1998年、82(8):第918〜25頁、該文献は参照によって本願に援用される。VEPは、イェヒーモフ、アイ.アール(Efimov, I.R.)、チェン、ワイ.エヌ.(Cheng, Y.N.)、ビールマン、エム.(Biermann, M)、ヴァン ワゴナー、ディ.アール.(Van Wagoner, D. R.)、マズガレフ、ティ.エヌ.(Mazgalev, T.N.)、チョウ、ピー.ジェイ.(Tchou, P. J.)、「Transmembrane Voltage Changes Produced by Real and Virtual Electrodes During Monophasic Defibrillation Shock Delivered by an Implantable Electrode」、Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiolgy、1997年、8(9):第1031〜45頁;チェン、ワイ.エヌ.(Cheng, Y.N.)、モウレイ
、ケイ.エイ.(Mowrey、K.A.)、ヴァン ワゴナー、ディー.アール.(Van Wagoner, D.
R.)、チョウ、ピー.ジェイ.(Tchou, P. J.)、イェヒーモフ、アイ.アール.(Efimov,
I.R.)、「Virtual Electrode-Induced Reexcitation: A Mechanism of Defibrillation
」、Circulation Research、1999年、85(11):第1056〜66頁;およびフィッシャー、エム.ジー.、「Syncytial Heterogeneity as a Mechanism Underlying Cardiac Far-Field Stimulation During Defibrillation-Level Shocks」、Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiolgy、1998年、9(4):第384〜94頁においてさらに検討されている。前記文献のすべては、参照によって本願に援用される。
、エム.ブイ.(KIu, Kon, M.V.)、クリウコフ、ブイ.エイ.(Kriukov、V.A.)、ヴァン
ディアエフ、ジー.ケイ.(Vandiaev、G.K.)、「Defibrillation of the Heart by a Rotating Current Field」、Kardiologiia、1973年、13(12):第75〜80頁、
該文献は参照によって本願に援用される。2つの連続ショックを回転する電場ベクトルと組み合わせることにより、標準的なリード構成(右心房から遠位冠状静脈洞)の心房除細動閾値(「ADFT」)は、心房中隔に沿って、近位冠状静脈洞およびSVCまたはバッハマン束のいずれかにおける電極間に与えられる第2ショックが続けられる場合に、有意に低減され得る。チェン、エックス.(Zheng, X.)、ベンサー、エム.イー.(Benser, M.E.)、ウォルコット、ジー.ピー.(Walcott, G.P.)、スミス、ダブリュ.エム.(Smith, W.M.)、イデカー、アール.イー.(Ideker、R.E.)、「Reduction of the Internal Atrial Defibrillation Threshold with Balanced Orthogonal Sequential Shocks」、Journal
of Cardiovascular Electrophysiolgy、2002年、13(9):第904〜9頁、前
記文献は参照によって本願に援用される。ADFTは、均衡のとれた連続ショックによってさらに低減され得る。
くつかの異なるタイミング間隔で、適正なタイミングが達成されて不整脈を停止させることができるまで、印加することができる。心房性不整脈は直ちに生命を脅かすわけではないので、この「試行錯誤」方式を用いることができる。また、低エネルギーの刺激は、痛覚閾値を下回るものと思われ、よって患者に不安や不快な副作用を生じさせ得ない。
は遠隔電場R波検知を含む、心室感知電極から決定され得る。遠隔電場ショックの安全でない回数を見出す例もまた、米国特許第5,814,081号に記載されている。
できる。これらの最小値および最大値は、装置の動作範囲の境界を示す。
ー回路は区域310に位置することを示す場合、印加される電場のシーケンスは、図5Aに示すように、電極(b)と電極(a)(装置上)の間において開始し得る。次に、前記シーケンスは、電極(e)と電極(c)との間の電場(図5B)、その後に電極(a)と電極(d)の間の電場(図5C)を続ける。図9の表は、図7の各区域310,320,330,340,350に対して可能なデフォルトの治療シーケンスの一例を提供する。所与の区域におけるデフォルトの治療シーケンスが不整脈を停止させらない場合には、付加的な治療シーケンスが続いて適用され得る。
図3Aおよび図3Bを参照すると、一連の実験を行った。ランゲンドルフ灌流されたウサギ心臓(n=9)の右心房および左心房(RAおよびLA)の後部心外膜および肺静脈(PV)領域を、制御下でAch潅流(2.5−100μM)しながら、同時に光学的にマップした。図3Aには、フォトダイオードアレイで視野を光学的にマッピングした、ランゲンドルフ灌流したウサギ心臓におけるアセチルコリン誘発AFlおよびAF中の後部心房の蛍光光学マッピングが示されている。前記図中、(1)正常洞調律心拍動の起点の位置は、青/紫の円によって示されており、(2)細い灰色の楕円は、正常洞調律の間およびペーシングの間に確認されるような大静脈間伝導ブロックのライン、すなわち、心房粗動中または心房細動中にリエントリー回路に対するピン留め部位(pinning site)とし作用する可能性が高い抵抗性不均質の部位、を示しており、(3)矢印を有する黒破線は、リエントリー回路の位置および方向を示しており、また(4)白破線は、結紮された血管を示している。図3Bには、図3AのAFLおよびAF中の活性化マップおよび光学的活動電位(OAP)が表されている。前記図中、(1)細い灰色の楕円は、大静脈間伝導ブロックのライン、すなわち抵抗性不均質の部位を示しており、(2)白破線は、リエントリー回路の位置および方向を示しており、また等時マップは4.0msの段階で表されている。
心臓において、特発性AFを生じた。8つの心臓において、単一の早期刺激またはバーストペーシングが、7±2μMおよび20±8μMのAChで、持続性AFlおよびAF(>10分)をそれぞれ誘発した。
電場心拡張期閾値は、0.14±0.12V/cm(0.005±0.0001J)で達した。単一刺激ADFTは、AFlに対して、AFと対比して、有意に低かった(0.2±0.06対7.44±3.27V/cm、または0.018±0.001対2.6±0.78J、p<0.05)。しかしながら、最適なパルス間の連結間隔で与えられた2パルスまたは3パルスの印加は、AFに対するADFTの有意な低減を可能にした:それぞれ、2パルスおよび3パルスに対して、3.11±0.74V/cmおよび3.37±0.73V/cm、または0.44±0.04および0.48±0.03J(p<0.05対1パルス)。連結間隔の最適化はAFのCLの20〜190%の範囲において行なった。最適な連結間隔は、2パルスおよび3パルスに対して、それぞれ、87.3±18.6%および91.3±17.9%であった。図8の表は、6つのイヌの心房標本において収集されたこれらの結果の概要を提供する。
and Defibrillation」、American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology、2005年、289:H569−H577の論文に記載されているような上行性ランプ波形の使用を企図する。前記文献の開示は、参照により本願に援用される。
例えば米国特許第5,199,429号、同第5,334,219号、同第5,365,391号、同第5,372,605号、同第5,383,907号、同第5,391,186号、同第5,405,363号、同第5,407,444号、同第5,413,591号、同第5,620,464号および同第5,674,248号に記載されているような積層キャパシタ、スイッチトキャパシタ、セカンダリーキャパシタ、充電式バッテリー、チャージポンプおよび電圧ブースタ回路などの低電圧キャパシタ構成を含む代替構成を用いることができることも考えられる。上記特許文献の各々の開示は、参照によって本願に援用される。本発明の実施形態によるフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場治療の生成は、ペーシングパルスを生成するための既知の方法を含む任意の数の方法によって行うことができる。同様に、任意の数の心不整脈検知のための既知の技術が本発明の方法に従って用いられ得る。
Claims (11)
- 心房性不整脈治療装置であって、
患者に埋め込まれるのに適した埋め込み型治療発生器(16)を備え、前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)は、
心房性不整脈を検知するための手段と、
ペーシング閾値より高く、かつ患者の痛覚閾値より低いエネルギーレベルを有するフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場治療を生じるための手段と、
心房性不整脈の検知に応答して、フェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場治療を与えることを制御するための手段と、
前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)に作動可能に接続された少なくとも2つのリードとを備え、前記リードのそれぞれは患者の心臓の心房に近接して配置されるのに適合した少なくとも2つの電極(11)を有し、前記電極を通じてフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場治療が心臓の心房に選択的に与えられ、
前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)は、前記電極の間および前記電極と前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)との間に少なくとも3つの固有な電極構成にそれぞれ関連する少なくとも3つの異なる電場を生成するように、前記電極(11)を選択的に起動して、回転する一組のフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場を与えるように、構成され、
前記回転する一組のフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場の各々は、1以上のパルスにより構成されるパルス列によって確立される、心房性不整脈治療装置。 - 第1の電場が、右心耳に位置する電極から前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)に向けられており、
第2の電場が、冠状静脈洞に位置する電極から上大静脈に位置する電極に向けられており、
第3の電場が、前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)から冠状静脈洞に位置する電極に向けられる、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 所与のパルス列における第1のパルスが、第1の電極および第2の電極を備える第1の電極対によって与えられ、
前記所与のパルス列における第2のパルスが、第3の電極および第4の電極を備える第2の電極対によって与えられ、
前記所与のパルス列における第3のパルスが、第5の電極および第6の電極を備える第3の電極対によって与えられる、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記第2の電極と前記第5の電極とは、同一の電極である、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の電極は、右心耳に位置する電極を含み、
前記第2の電極は、前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)のハウジングを含み、
前記第3の電極は、冠状静脈洞において遠位に位置する電極を含み、
前記第4の電極は、上大静脈に位置する電極を含み、
前記第6の電極は、冠状静脈洞において近位に位置する電極を含む、請求項4に記載の装置。 - 前記第1の電場は、右心耳から前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)に向けられており、
前記第2の電場は、冠状静脈洞から上大静脈に向けられており、
前記第3の電場は、前記埋め込み型治療発生器(16)から前記冠状静脈洞に向けられる、請求項2に記載の装置。 - 前記回転する一組のフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場の各々は、2〜10のパルスにより構成されるパルス列によって電気的に確立され、心房性ペーシング閾値が、心房性不整脈の最小周期である20%〜99%の範囲を有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記パルス列は、心房性不整脈の一周期内に与えられる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記パルス列の各パルスのエネルギーの範囲は、0.02〜0.1ジュールである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記電極のうちの1つが、第1のパルスのための陽極および第2のパルスのための陰極として機能する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記回転する一組のフェーズド・アンピニング・遠隔電場は、患者の心臓の所定のゾーンに与えられる、請求項1に記載の装置。
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- 2008-12-11 CN CN2008801267120A patent/CN101939044B/zh active Active
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- 2008-12-11 EP EP08858734.0A patent/EP2231263B1/en active Active
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Cited By (9)
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US9067079B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2015-06-30 | Washington University | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
US9586055B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2017-03-07 | Washington University | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
US10071257B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2018-09-11 | Washington University | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
US10549108B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2020-02-04 | The Washington University | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
US11191474B2 (en) | 2004-11-04 | 2021-12-07 | Washington University | Method for low-voltage termination of cardiac arrhythmias by effectively unpinning anatomical reentries |
US10413741B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2019-09-17 | The Washington University | Methods and devices for multi-stage ventricular therapy |
US10441805B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2019-10-15 | The Washington University | Method and device for three-stage atrial cardioversion therapy |
US11083905B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2021-08-10 | The Washington University | Methods and devices for ventricular therapy |
US11097120B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2021-08-24 | The Washington University | Method and device for atrial cardioversion therapy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8509889B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
CA2709287A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2231263A2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
JP2011505989A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
AU2008335087B2 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
ES2574985T3 (es) | 2016-06-23 |
AU2008335087A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2231263B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
CA2709287C (en) | 2018-04-24 |
US20090204164A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
WO2009076557A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
CN101939044B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2231263A4 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
WO2009076557A3 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
CN101939044A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
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