JP2006506521A - 高蒸着速度スパッタリング - Google Patents
高蒸着速度スパッタリング Download PDFInfo
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000752 ionisation method Methods 0.000 description 14
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Abstract
Description
スパッタリングは、基板上に膜を成長させる公知の技法である。スパッタリングは、ターゲット表面からの原子の物理的放出であり、時には物理蒸着(PVD)と呼ばれる。アルゴンイオンなどのイオンが発生させられ、次にターゲット表面に誘導され、そこでイオンはターゲット物質原子を物理的にスパッタリングする。ターゲット物質原子は弾道運動によって基板に移動し、そこでターゲット物質の膜として成長する。
スパッタリングプロセスは、スパッタ率によって定量化することができる。本明細書中では、用語「スパッタ率」は、入射粒子あたりターゲットから放出されるターゲット原子の数を意味するとして定義される。スパッタ率は、ターゲット化学種、衝撃化学種、衝撃イオンのエネルギー、および衝撃イオンの入射角などいくつかの因子に依存する。一般的な既知のスパッタリングプロセスでは、一般にスパッタ率はターゲット温度に影響されない。
Ar+e−→Ar++2e−
ここで、Arは原料気体中の中性アルゴン原子を表し、e−はカソードアセンブリ114とアノード130との間に加えられた電圧パルスに応答して発生する電離性電子を表す。中性アルゴン原子と電離性電子との間の衝突の結果、アルゴンイオン(Ar+)と二個の電子とが生じる。
Ar+e−→Ar*+e−
Ar*+e−→Ar++2e−
ここで、Arは原料気体256中の中性アルゴン原子270を表し、e−はカソードアセンブリ216とアノード238との間に十分な電圧が加えられているとき、予備電離プラズマ262に応答して発生する電離性の電子を表す。さらに、Ar*は弱電離プラズマ262中の励起アルゴン原子274を表す。励起アルゴン原子274と電離性の電子との間の衝突は、結果としてアルゴンイオン(Ar+)と二個の電子とを生じさせる。
RD=K×Y×I
ここで、Kは幾何構造因子、Yはスパッタ率、Iは放電電流である。従って、成長速度はスパッタ率Yに比例する。スパッタ率Yは入射イオンあたりスパッタリングされる原子数として定義され、ターゲット表面に衝突するイオンの種類、イオンのエネルギー、衝撃イオンの入射角、ターゲット物質の結合エネルギー、およびターゲット温度に依存する。いわゆる「冷陰極」を含む一般的なスパッタリングプロセスでは、ターゲットの温度は次第に加熱され、その熱は、図2を参照して説明した液体冷却を用いて放散される。この一般的なスパッタリングプロセスは、衝撃イオンの運動量およびエネルギー交換を用いて標的原子を叩き出す。
特定の実施態様を参照して、本発明を詳細に示し説明したが、当業者は、本明細書中で定義する本発明の範囲および技術思想から逸脱することなく、本発明において形状および細部のさまざまな変化が施され得ることを理解するべきである。
Claims (30)
- スパッタリング源であって、以下:
アノードに隣接して配置されたカソードアセンブリであって、該カソードアセンブリは、スパッタリングターゲットを備える、カソードアセンブリ;
アノードおよび該カソードアセンブリの近傍に弱電離プラズマを発生させる電離源;および
該アノードと該カソードアセンブリとの間に電場を形成させる電源であって、該電場は該弱電離プラズマから強電離プラズマを創り出し、該強電離プラズマは、該スパッタリングターゲットに衝突し、それによって該スパッタリングターゲットのスパッタ率を該スパッタリングターゲットの温度に非線形に関連させるのに十分な熱エネルギーを該スパッタリングターゲット中に発生させる第一の複数のイオンを含む、電源
を含む、スパッタリング源。 - 前記電場は、準静電場を含む、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記電場は、電気パルスを含む、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 請求項3に記載のスパッタリング源であって、第二の複数のイオンを含む新たな強電離プラズマを発生させるために新しい体積の原料気体に電気パルスを加えながら、強電離プラズマを該新しい体積の原料気体と交換する気体交換手段をさらに含み、該第二の複数のイオンは前記スパッタリングターゲットに衝突し、それによって、前記スパッタターゲット中にさらなる熱エネルギーを発生させる、スパッタリング源。
- 新しい体積の原料気体に電気パルスを加えながら、前記弱電離プラズマを新しい体積の原料気体と交換する気体交換手段をさらに含む、請求項3に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記スパッタリングターゲットに衝突する前記第一の複数のイオンによって発生する熱エネルギーは、該スパッタリングターゲットの平均温度を実質的に上昇させない、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記弱電離プラズマの近傍に磁場を発生させるように配置された磁石をさらに含み、該磁場は前記スパッタリングターゲットの近傍の該弱電離プラズマ中に電子を実質的に閉じ込める、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記弱電離プラズマに加えられた前記電場は、該弱電離プラズマ中の原子を励起し、前記カソードアセンブリから二次電子を発生させ、該二次電子は該励起原子を電離させ、それによって強電離プラズマを創り出す、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記電源は、一定の電力を供給する、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記電源は、一定の電圧を供給する、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記電離源は、DC電源に接続された電極、AC電源に接続された電極、UV源、X線源、電子ビーム源、イオンビーム源、誘導結合プラズマ源、容量結合プラズマ源、およびマイクロ波プラズマ源を含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記電場の立ち上り時間は、前記強電離プラズマの電離速度を増大させるように選択される、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記弱電離プラズマは、前記アノードと前記カソードアセンブリとの間に電気的な破壊条件が発達する確率を減少させる、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記強電離プラズマは、前記カソードアセンブリの近傍で実質的に一様である、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記アノードと前記カソードアセンブリとの間の距離は、前記強電離プラズマの電離速度を増大させるように選択される、請求項1に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 高蒸着速度スパッタリングのための方法であって、該方法は以下:
原料気体を電離させて弱電離プラズマを発生させる工程;
該弱電離プラズマから強電離プラズマを発生させる工程であって、該強電離プラズマはスパッタリングターゲットの近傍に配置された複数のイオンを含む、工程;および
該複数のイオンを該スパッタリングターゲットに衝突させて、該スパッタリングターゲット中に十分な熱エネルギーを発生させ、該スパッタリングターゲットのスパッタ率を該スパッタリングターゲットの温度に非線形に関連させる工程
を包含する、方法。 - 前記スパッタリングターゲットの近傍に磁場を発生させる工程をさらに包含し、該磁場は該スパッタリングターゲットの近傍に電子を閉じ込める、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 強電離プラズマを発生させる工程は、前記弱電離プラズマに電場を加えることを包含する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記電場は、前記弱電離プラズマ中に励起原子を発生させ、前記スパッタリングターゲットから二次電子を発生させ、該二次電子は励起原子を電離させ、それによって前記強電離プラズマを創り出す、請求項18に記載の方法。
- ある体積の弱電離プラズマを、ある体積の原料気体と交換し、同時に該体積の原料気体を電離させて新しい体積の弱電離プラズマを創り出す工程をさらに包含する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- ある体積の強電離プラズマをある体積の原料気体と交換し、同時に該体積の原料気体から新しい体積の強電離プラズマを発生させる工程をさらに包含する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記弱電離プラズマのピークプラズマ密度は、約1012cm−3より小さい、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記弱電離プラズマは、電気的な破壊条件を発達させる確率を低下させる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記原料気体を電離させる工程は、静電場、AC電場、準静電場、パルス電場、UV放射、X線放射、電子ビーム、およびイオンビームの1つに原料気体を曝露する工程を包含する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のイオンをスパッタリングターゲットに衝突させる工程は、該スパッタリングターゲットの表面層を蒸発させる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記強電離プラズマのピークプラズマ密度は、約1012cm−3より大きい、請求項16に記載の方法。
- スパッタリング源であって、以下:
アノードに隣接して配置されたカソードアセンブリであって、スパッタリングターゲットを備える、カソードアセンブリ;
該カソードアセンブリの近傍に位置する第一の体積の原料気体から弱電離プラズマを発生させる電離源;
該弱電離プラズマから強電離プラズマを創り出す電場を該アノードと該カソードアセンブリとの間に形成させる電源であって、該強電離プラズマは第一の複数のイオンを含む、電源、および
該電場が、第二の体積の原料気体からの第二の複数のイオンを含む新たな強電離プラズマを発生させる間に、強電離プラズマを第二の体積の原料気体と交換する気体コントローラであって、該第一および第二の複数のイオンは、該スパッタリングターゲットに衝突して該スパッタリングターゲット中に十分な熱エネルギーを発生させ、該スパッタリングターゲットのスパッタ率を該スパッタリングターゲットの温度に非線形に関連させる、気体コントローラ、
を含む、スパッタリング源。 - 第三の体積の原料気体に電気パルスを加えながら、前記弱電離プラズマを該第三の体積の原料気体と交換する気体交換手段をさらに含む、請求項27に記載のスパッタリング源。
- 前記スパッタリングターゲットに衝突する前記第一および第二の複数のイオンによって発生する熱エネルギーは、該スパッタリングターゲットの平均温度を実質的に上昇させない、請求項27に記載のスパッタリング源。
- スパッタリング源であって、以下:
弱電離プラズマを発生させるために原料気体を電離させる手段;
該弱電離プラズマから強電離プラズマを発生させる手段であって、該強電離プラズマは、スパッタリングターゲットの近傍に複数のイオンを含む、手段;および
該スパッタリングターゲットのスパッタ率を該スパッタリングターゲットの温度に対して非線形に関係させるのに十分な熱エネルギーを、該スパッタリングターゲット中に発生させるために、複数のイオンを該スパッタリングターゲットに衝突させる手段
を含む、スパッタリング源。
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JP2007529632A (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2007-10-25 | マテリア ノヴァ アエスベエル | 予備イオン化に伴うパルス型マグネトロンスパッタリング蒸着 |
WO2012114941A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-30 | 東レ株式会社 | プラズマ処理用マグネトロン電極 |
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Also Published As
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US20170029936A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
US20040094411A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
US7811421B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
WO2004044261A2 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
WO2004044261A3 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
AU2003285072A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
US20100326815A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
AU2003285072A8 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
ATE484606T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
DE60334561D1 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
JP4722486B2 (ja) | 2011-07-13 |
EP1560943B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
US20050252763A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20050178654A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
US6896773B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 |
EP1560943A2 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
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