ES2317842T3 - Dispositivo de accionamiento electromecanico para una grapadora quirurgica de anastomosis. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de accionamiento electromecanico para una grapadora quirurgica de anastomosis. Download PDFInfo
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
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- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
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- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
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Abstract
Dispositivo de sujeción y corte para cortar y sujetar una sección de un tejido, que comprende: una primera mordaza (80); una segunda mordaza (50) en correspondencia opuesta con la primera mordaza (80), siendo la primera y la segunda mordaza móviles entre una posición abierta y una cerrada; uno o más elementos de fijación (230) dispuestos inicialmente en la segunda mordaza (50); una cuña (270), en posición para acoplarse a dichos elementos de fijación (230), incluyendo dicha cuña una cuchilla (51) y una superficie inclinada (280), de manera que durante la traslación axial de dicha cuña, la cuchilla transecciona dicha sección de tejido, y la superficie inclinada (280) acciona dichos elementos de fijación (230) a través del tejido y hacia dicha primera mordaza (80), sujetando así dicha sección; un primer eje giratorio (130) para efectuar el movimiento relativo de la primera y la segunda mordaza (50, 80) entre la posición abierta y la posición cerrada a lo largo de una dirección substancialmente lineal, y un segundo eje giratorio (260) que acciona el elemento de cuña, pudiendo girar el citado segundo eje giratorio (260) de manera independiente del primer eje giratorio (130) caracterizado por el hecho de que dicha cuña está dispuesta en relación de traslación selectiva y axialmente dentro de dicha segunda mordaza (50) y por el hecho de que dicha dirección lineal es perpendicular al eje longitudinal del primer eje (130).
Description
Dispositivo de accionamiento electromecánico
para una grapadora quirúrgica de anastomosis.
\global\parskip0.900000\baselineskip
La presente invención se refiere en general a un
dispositivo electromecánico para el uso con herramientas
quirúrgicas de anastomosis, grapado, y resección, y más
concretamente a un dispositivo de grapado que puede conectarse y
servir de extensión de un accionador de un dispositivo
electromecánico, para posibilitar el grapado mutuo del colon y otro
tejido.
Tras la identificación de tejido canceroso y
otro tejido anómalo en el tracto gastrointestinal, a menudo se
recomienda intervención quirúrgica. El campo de la cirugía del
cáncer, y más concretamente, el procedimiento quirúrgico mediante
el cual resecciona una sección del tracto gastrointestinal que
incluye tejido canceroso, incluye una serie de instrumentos
diseñados de manera única. En combinación con la descripción de la
presente instrumentación y de sus funciones, se dará también una
descripción del estado de la técnica en esta técnica quirúrgica.
La primera cuestión que debe abordarse al
determinar cómo tratar el cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal se
refiere al lugar específico del tejido canceroso. Esto es muy
importante en la medida en que los instrumentos que se disponen en
la presente técnica presentan limitaciones relativas a la distancia
a la cual pueden insertarse en el tracto gastrointestinal. Si el
tejido canceroso se encuentra demasiado alejado hacia arriba o hacia
abajo del tracto gastrointestinal, entonces la instrumentación
estándar proporcionada no es utilizable, requiriéndose de este modo
unos alojamientos especiales. Estos alojamientos generalmente
aumentan el riesgo de contaminación de los tejidos circundantes con
contenido intestinal, aumentan la duración de la cirugía y la
correspondiente necesidad de anestesia, y eliminan los beneficios
de una anastomosis y grapado precisos que se derivan de utilizar un
dispositivo de mecanizado.
Más concretamente, en caso de que el tejido
canceroso se encuentre localizado en una posición en el colon que
sea accesible por la presente instrumentación, el abdomen del
paciente inicialmente se abre para dejar al descubierto el
intestino. El cirujano corta entonces el tubo del colon en cada lado
del tejido canceroso, mientras que simultáneamente cierra por
grapado los dos extremos abiertos del intestino (un extremo distal
que queda dirigido hacia el ano, y el extremo proximal que se
encuentra más cerca del intestino inferior). Este cierre temporal
se realiza para minimizar la contaminación. El instrumento de corte
y grapado lineal que se utiliza en la técnica anterior se muestra
en una vista en perspectiva en la figura 19.
Más concretamente, este cierre temporal se
consigue cuando el colon se coloca entre los elementos de corte en
la punta del instrumento de corte y grapado lineal. Apretando el
disparador del mando del dispositivo, el cirujano provoca que los
elementos de corte se junten. Después se acciona una segunda
activación (o una acción secundaria del mismo disparador) para
accionar una serie de grapas y una cuchilla de corte a través del
extremo inmovilizado del colon, cerrando y transeccionando así los
extremos.
Tras el sellado de los dos extremos distal y
proximal expuestos, el cirujano crea una pequeña abertura en el
extremo proximal del intestino e inserta la parte del yunque
desmontable de un instrumento de anastomosis y de grapado. Esta
etapa, así como aquellas del resto de la intervención quirúrgica,
está relacionada con el funcionamiento de este instrumento
quirúrgico que se muestra en la vista en perspectiva de la figura
20. Más concretamente, el cirujano empieza tomando el instrumento y
girando manualmente el dial en la base del mando lo que provoca que
la cabeza del yunque del extremo opuesto avance hacia adelante. El
cirujano continúa girando el dial hasta que la cabeza del yunque
avanza hacia su posición extendida más extrema. Este giro manual
requiere casi treinta vueltas completas. Una vez que se encuentra
completamente extendida, la cabeza del yunque del instrumento se
desacopla del mismo y se inserta en el extremo proximal expuesto de
manera que la columna de acoplamiento se extiende hacia fuera a
través del mismo. Tal como se ha descrito anteriormente, este
extremo proximal se cierra después por grapado. El eje del
instrumento de anastomosis y grapado se inserta después y se hace
avanzar hacia el colon inferior, transanalmente, hasta que el
vástago de acoplamiento del mismo se extiende a través del extremo
distal grapado. El cirujano une después los extremos de acoplamiento
del yunque y el eje entre sí y empieza a girar manualmente de nuevo
el dial del mando, disponiendo esta vez la cabeza del yunque más
cerca del extremo del eje.
Una vez que la cabeza del yunque y el eje se han
dispuesto uno cerca del otro, después de que el cirujano haya
girado manualmente el dial otras treinta veces, se acciona
manualmente un disparador a modo de empuñadura en el mando. Este
accionamiento provoca que una cuchilla circular avance axialmente
hacia fuera de la punta del eje, y en contacto con la cara opuesta
del yunque. La cuchilla corta a través de los extremos cerrados por
grapado del extremo proximal y distal del colon, cortando así
también un nuevo par de extremos de la zona proximal y distal del
colon. El tejido que se ha cortado se dispone en un volumen interior
en el extremo del eje.
En etapa de bloqueo con el corte, los extremos
acabados de abrir se unen entre sí mediante una serie de grapas que
se hacen avanzar a través de unos orificios en el perímetro del
extremo del eje (presionando contra la cara opuesta del yunque y
cerrado por la misma). El eje y el yunque acoplado se retiran
entonces del paciente.
\global\parskip1.000000\baselineskip
Más concretamente con relación a las
características estructurales del instrumento de grapado lineal de
la técnica anterior que se muestra en la figura 19, el dispositivo
comprende una estructura a modo de culata que tiene un eje y una
zona distal alargada. La zona distal incluye un par de elementos de
sujeción a modo de tijera que sujetan los extremos abiertos del
colon cerrado. De hecho solamente uno de los dos elementos de
sujeción a modo de tijera, la zona de yunque, se mueve (gira)
respecto a estructura global; el otro permanece fijo. El
accionamiento de estos medios de corte (el giro de la zona de
yunque) se controlado por medio de una empuñadura dispuesta en el
mando. Se ha descrito una serie de distintos medios para mantener
los extremos de los brazos de corte cerrados, incluyendo cierres a
presión, clips, anillos, y otros.
Además de los medios de corte, la zona distal
también incluye un mecanismo de grapado. El elemento del mecanismo
de corte que no se mueve incluye una zona de recepción de cartuchos
de grapas y un mecanismo para el accionamiento de las grapas hacia
arriba a través del extremo inmovilizado del colon, contra la zona
de yunque, sellando así el extremo previamente abierto. Los
elementos de corte pueden ser solidarios del eje, o pueden ser
desmontables de manera que los distintos elementos de corte y
grapado puedan ser intercambiables.
Más concretamente con relación a las
características estructurales del instrumento de anastomosis y
grapado de la técnica anterior que se muestra en la figura 20, el
dispositivo comprende una zona de yunque, una zona de grapas,
cuchilla y depósito, una zona de eje, y una zona de mando. La zona
de yunque, que es selectivamente desmontable del extremo del eje,
tiene forma de bala, presentando una zona superior de extremo
redondeado, una superficie de apoyo de corte plana en la parte
inferior, y una columna de acoplamiento que se extiende axialmente
desde la superficie inferior.
La zona de grapas, cuchilla, y depósito (zona
SBR) del instrumento se dispone en el extremo distal del
instrumento, e incluye un vástago de acoplamiento que puede avanzar
y retroceder selectivamente para recibir selectivamente sobre el
mismo la zona de yunque. Esta acción del vástago de acoplamiento la
realiza un eje roscado y un mecanismo sinfín montado en el mando
(descrito con mayor detalle a continuación). La zona SBR tiene forma
cilíndrica, formando una carcasa que tiene un interior hueco. Este
interior hueco define el depósito. La cuchilla es igualmente
cilíndrica, y queda asentada en la parte interior de la carcasa,
contra la pared interior de la misma. La cuchilla puede avanzar
axialmente de manera selectiva hacia el exterior de la carcasa, de
acuerdo con el accionamiento de un mecanismo de activación del
mando (de nuevo, descrito con mayor detalle a continuación). En la
superficie opuesta axialmente exterior de la pared cilíndrica de la
carcasa se dispone una serie de aberturas de grapas, a través de
las cuales se descargan las grapas del dispositivo. La misma
activación que acciona la cuchilla hacia adelante también acciona
hacia adelante de manera similar una serie de accionadores de grapas
en el interior de las paredes cilíndricas. De manera más precisa,
el accionador de grapas es un componente cilíndrico que tiene una
serie de protuberancias en el extremo axial del mismo, estando
colocadas las protuberancias de acuerdo con la distribución de
grapas y orificios. Las grapas, antes de ser descargadas, se montan
en los orificios; y se hacen avanzar a través de los orificios por
la acción del accionador de grapas y sus protuberancias.
La zona del eje del instrumento es una simple
estructura rígida extendida que se dispone a modo de funda para un
par de varillas alargadas. La primera varilla se acopla al mecanismo
sinfín indicado anteriormente, y que se describirá con mayor
detalle a continuación con referencia a la zona de mando, y es el
medio a través del cual la zona de yunque y el vástago de
acoplamiento de la zona SBR avanzan y retroceden selectivamente. La
segunda varilla queda acoplada al disparador del mando en un extremo
(también indicado anteriormente, y descrito con mayor detalle a
continuación) y al accionador de la cuchilla y las grapas en el otro
extremo. La funda protege al paciente y al instrumento cuando
avanza hacia el colon transanalmente. Sin embargo, la naturaleza de
los mecanismos de accionamiento requiere que el eje sea rígido. Esta
rigidez limita la longitud del eje; y la combinación de estas
características específicas, es decir, la longitud y la rigidez del
instrumento, limita las secciones del colon que se pueden tratar
utilizando este dispositivo.
El mando de este instrumento de la técnica
anterior comprende una estructura a modo de culata que tiene un
dial giratorio en el talón (es decir, el extremo opuesto a la unión
de la zona del eje con el mando) y un disparador a modo de gatillo.
El disparador incluye un mecanismo de seguridad que impide
físicamente el accionamiento hasta que no se mueva fuera de la
posición de interferencia. El dial giratorio está acoplado de manera
accionable a un mecanismo sinfín que se utiliza para hacer avanzar
la primera varilla de la zona de eje (haciendo avanzar de este modo
al vástago de acoplamiento y el yunque). El disparador funciona como
una palanca básica para empujar la segunda varilla hacia adelante
en el interior del eje, haciendo avanzar así al accionador de la
cuchilla y las grapas.
WO97/47231 describe una grapadora endoscópica
que incluye un cabezal grapador que puede colocarse de manera
desmontable en el extremo distal de un endoscopio. El cabezal
grapador incluye un elemento fijo que aloja un cartucho de grapas
desmontable y un elemento móvil que incluye un yunque para recibir y
doblar los extremos de grapas lanzadas desde el elemento fijo. El
cartucho de grapas aloja preferiblemente dos filas semicirculares
de grapas que quedan alternadas entre sí. El elemento móvil está
acoplado al elemento fijo a través de un eje roscado que se acopla
a un engranaje sinfín del elemento fijo y un primer cable de control
giratorio está acoplado a un engranaje de tornillo sinfín. Una leva
de disparo substancialmente circular se encuentra situada proximal
al cartucho de grapas del elemento fijo. La leva de disparo presenta
una superficie interior estriada que engrana a través de un
engranaje estriado acoplado a un segundo cable de control giratorio.
En una realización, una cuchilla se acopla a la leva de disparo
para cortar el tejido tras el grapado. En otra realización se
disponen trayectorias ópticas de láser para cortar tejido tras el
grapado. El extremo proximal del cabezal de grapado se acopla a un
casquillo que tiene un lumen para los cables de control y un lumen
para un endoscopio estándar. En otra realización, se dispone un
endoscopio modificado con un lumen para los cables de control. El
endoscopio modificado se conecta de manera liberable al cabezal
grapador a través de una conexión por roscado o bien una conexión a
presión. WO97/47231 pretende disponer una grapadora endoscópica
desechable que es relativamente poco costosa de fabricar.
US5.433.721 describe un mecanismo de
accionamiento para un instrumento quirúrgico endoscópico que tiene
un eje de accionamiento giratorio y un mecanismo para trasladar la
fuerza de giro del eje para aplicar elementos de fijación al tejido
durante la intervención endoscópica.
Al igual que muchos de dichos dispositivos de la
técnica anterior, todos estos dispositivos se consideran totalmente
desechables, y de hecho, se desechan tras un único uso. Se trata de
dispositivos complejos, que tienen múltiples elementos móviles, los
cuales requieren una sustancial integridad estructural y, por lo
tanto, costosos de fabricar. El hecho de que se utilicen solamente
una vez, y que no pueda utilizarse ningún elemento más de una vez
hace que el uso de dichos dispositivos sea costoso y de recursos no
económicos.
Además de este problema, tal como puede
observarse fácilmente de las descripciones anteriores, los
dispositivos de la técnica anterior tienen otras numerosas
limitaciones que sería deseable superar. Estas incluyen la rígida y
limitada longitud del eje del instrumento de anastomosis y grapado
(que limita la zona del tracto gastrointestinal que puede ser
tratada por dicho dispositivo), así como el requisito de que el
cirujano accione manualmente una serie de funciones diferentes
(incluyendo las asociadas al dial y al activador del instrumento de
anastomosis y grapado y los activadores múltiples del instrumento
de corte y grapado).
Por lo tanto, un objetivo principal de la
presente invención es disponer un instrumento para el grapado de
tejido gastrointestinal durante la cirugía del colon, que reduzca el
desaprovechamiento de recursos permitiendo su uso como unión a un
accionador de un dispositivo electromecánico.
También es un objetivo principal de la presente
invención disponer un instrumento que alerte al cirujano cuando las
condiciones sean seguras y/o apropiadas para que el cirujano empiece
el procedimiento de grapado.
Es también un objetivo de la presente invención
es disponer un conjunto de instrumentos que reduzcan los
requerimientos para que el cirujano accione manualmente los
distintos componentes y mecanismos.
Es también un objetivo de la presente invención
es disponer un mecanismo de grapado que pueda integrarse con otros
dispositivos electromecánicos en un accesorio para utilizarse con un
accionador del dispositivo electromecánico.
Otros objetivos de la presente invención serán
reconocidos de acuerdo con la descripción que aquí se da de los
mismos, y en la descripción detallada de la realización preferida en
combinación con el resto de figuras.
Los anteriores objetivos de la invención se
presentan en virtud de un dispositivo de grapado electromecánico
que puede activarse mediante un accionador de un dispositivo
electromecánico y una vez acoplado al mismo. Debe admitirse que
este dispositivo electromecánico de grapado puede utilizarse en
combinación con un mecanismo de sujeción lineal tal como se ha
descrito anteriormente y en la siguiente descripción detallada de la
realización preferida. Más concretamente, el mecanismo de sujeción
lineal del accesorio se utiliza para sujetar primero el extremo
abierto de un colon, y después el mecanismo de grapado de la
presente invención se utiliza para grapar y transeccionar el tejido
del colon simultáneamente en un movimiento.
Más concretamente, la presente invención puede
utilizarse en un sistema que comprende tres componentes, que son
(1) un accionador electromecánico, (2) un accesorio de fijación,
corte y grapado lineal, y (3) un accesorio de anastomosis y
grapado, presentando los dos últimos accesorios una interfaz de
acoplamiento común diseñada que se une al componente del
accionador. En primer lugar, con referencia al accionador
electromecánico, el accionador tiene un mando y un eje de
accionamiento flexible. El mando presenta un diseño a modo de
culata, que presenta un par de gatillos que están conectados de
manera independiente a motores separados los cuales cada uno hace
girar de manera independiente los ejes de accionamiento flexibles
(descrito con mayor detalle más adelante). Los motores son motores
de doble sentido, y están conectados a un interruptor de
accionamiento manual montado en la parte superior del mando,
mediante el cual el usuario puede alterar de manera selectiva el
sentido de giro de cada motor. Esta capacidad de doble sentido puede
conseguirse de manera más sencilla seleccionando motores que giren
en un sentido correspondiente al sentido de la corriente, y que el
accionamiento de los interruptores altere el sentido de la
corriente según corresponda. En este ejemplo, la fuente de
alimentación que alimenta a los motores ha de ser una fuente de
corriente continua, tal como baterías (y más deseable, baterías
recargables). En el caso en el que el dispositivo deba utilizarse
con corriente alterna, puede incluirse un transformador o bien
puede disponerse un conjunto de engranajes intermedio más
sofisticado. En combinación con la presente descripción, las
realizaciones de la presente invención que se describirán utilizan
baterías recargables que proporcionan corriente continua.
Además de los componentes del motor, el mando
incluye además otras diversas características, que incluyen: (1) un
indicador de estado remoto; (2) medios de dirección del eje; y (3)
por lo menos una fuente de alimentación eléctrica adicional. En
primer lugar, el indicador de estado remoto puede comprender una
pantalla de cristal líquido (o un dispositivo de lectura de salida
similar) mediante el cual el usuario pueda conocer la posición de
componentes (por ejemplo si un elemento de fijación se encuentra en
la posición apropiada antes del accionamiento de las grapas). En
segundo lugar, el mando también incluye medios de dirección de
accionamiento manual, por ejemplo, una palanca de mando o una bola
de mando, para dirigir el movimiento del eje flexible (mediante unos
cables de guía implantados en la zona del eje que se describen con
mayor detalle a continuación). Finalmente, el mando puede incluir
una fuente de alimentación eléctrica adicional y un interruptor de
encendido y apagado para suministrar corriente de manera selectiva
a los accesorios.
Más concretamente, con relación al eje flexible,
el eje comprende una funda tubular, formada preferiblemente de un
único material de elastómero que sea compatible con el tejido y que
sea esterilizable (es decir, que sea suficientemente resistente
para resistir un autoclave). Pueden disponerse varios tramos de este
eje en combinación con la presente invención. En este caso, el eje
flexible y las zonas del mando deben ser separables. Si es
desmontable, la interfaz entre el extremo proximal del eje y el
extremo distal del mando debe incluir medios de acoplamiento para
los componentes de accionamiento. Concretamente en relación con los
componentes de accionamiento del eje, dentro de la funda de
elastómero hay un par de tubos fijos más pequeños que contiene cada
uno un eje de accionamiento flexible que puede girar en el interior
del tubo. El eje de accionamiento flexible, por sí mismo,
simplemente ha de poder de transferir el par del motor del mando al
extremo distal del eje, y que a la vez sea lo suficientemente
flexible para doblarse, inclinarse, curvarse, etc. cuando el
cirujano considere necesario "serpentear" a través del colon
del paciente. Por ejemplo, los ejes de accionamiento pueden
comprender un cable de fibra de acero tejido. Hay que reconocer que
para este fin pueden ser apropiados otros ejes de accionamiento.
Sin embargo, para que el extremo distal del eje de accionamiento se
conecte a un accesorio, tal como el dispositivo de sujeción y
grapado de la presente invención (tal como se describe con mayor
detalle a continuación), las puntas distales de los ejes de
accionamiento deben presentar una configuración que permita una
transmisión continua de par. Por ejemplo, las puntas distales de los
ejes de accionamiento pueden ser hexagonales, encajando de este
modo en una cavidad hexagonal en la interfaz del acoplamiento del
accesorio. Tal como se ha sugerido anteriormente, en combinación con
los medios de dirección de accionamiento manual montados en el
mando, la funda incluye además por lo menos dos cables de guía que
son flexibles, pero quedan acoplados a la superficie interior de la
funda cerca de su extremo distal. Los cables de guía pueden
trasladarse axialmente unos respecto a otros a través del
accionamiento de los medios de dirección, cuya acción provoca que
consecuentemente la funda se doble y se curve. También, tal como se
ha sugerido anteriormente, en combinación con el indicador de
cristal líquido del mando, el eje contiene además un conductor
eléctrico para el acoplamiento a los accesorios. Este conductor
eléctrico canaliza una señal desde el accesorio al mando para
indicar el estado del accesorio (por ejemplo, si se está manteniendo
una función de sujeción). De manera similar, puede disponerse un
segundo conductor eléctrico para suministrar energía a aspectos
separados del accesorio si es necesario (por ejemplo, tal como se
describirá con mayor detalle con relación a una realización del
accesorio de grapado lineal, puede disponerse el uso de un cierre
electromagnético selectivamente conectable para asegurar una
sujeción continuada a través del procedimiento del grapado y
requieren que se suministre energía selectivamente desde la fuente
de alimentación del mando.
Más concretamente, con relación al accesorio de
sujeción, corte y grapado lineal, que tiene varias realizaciones
potenciales distintas, dos de las cuales se describen aquí como
ejemplos, el accesorio va equipado con dos extensiones de
accionamiento, que en funcionamiento actúan como extensiones de los
ejes de accionamiento flexibles del accionador electromecánico. Es
decir, cuando el accesorio se acopla al accionador electromecánico,
las extensiones de accionamiento quedan en comunicación mecánica
con los ejes de accionamiento flexibles de manera que la activación
de los motores del eje de accionamiento activa las extensiones de
accionamiento dentro del accesorio de sujeción, corte y grapado
lineal. En cada realización del dispositivo, la primera extensión de
accionamiento permite un mecanismo de sujeción lineal, mientras que
la segunda extensión de accionamiento permite un mecanismo de corte
y grapado. En una realización, el mecanismo de sujeción lineal
comprende un sistema de puño de tijera de manera que la mordaza
superior de la tijera queda sujeta a la mordaza inferior de la
tijera cuando un puño que encierra un tramo de la tijera se mueve
desde el extremo articulado de la tijera hacia el extremo de cierre
de la tijera. La tijera puede liberarse cuando el puño vuelve a su
posición original. En esta realización, la primera extensión de
accionamiento mueve el puño hacia adelante o hacia atrás, en
función del sentido de giro del correspondiente motor del accionador
electromecánico. En una segunda realización, el mecanismo de
sujeción lineal comprende un sistema de mordazas separado con el
cual una mordaza superior sube y a continuación baja para
encontrarse con una mordaza inferior para efectuar una sujeción. En
esta realización, la primera extensión de accionamiento se acopla a
un par de ejes verticales roscados que suben o bajan la mordaza
superior en función del sentido de giro del correspondiente motor en
el accionador electromecánico. En cada una de estas realizaciones,
cuando las mordazas se cierran, un par de electrodos sensores
dispuestos en las mordazas entran en contacto y cierran así un
circuito sensor que alerta al cirujano de que es seguro o apropiado
activar el mecanismo de grapado y/o activa automáticamente el
mecanismo de grapado.
En cada una de estas realizaciones, el mecanismo
de grapado de la presente invención comprende una bandeja
reemplazable de grapas abiertas dentro de la mordaza inferior y un
conjunto de guías correspondientes dispuestas en la mordaza
superior, de manera que cuando el mecanismo de sujeción lineal se
encuentra en una posición cerrada, las grapas abiertas quedan
inmediatamente opuestas a las correspondientes guías de las grapas.
El mecanismo de grapado comprende además una cuchilla para cortar a
través la cabeza del tejido del intestino entre las mordazas. Este
mecanismo comprende un sistema de empuje de cuña con el cual una vez
que el mecanismo de sujeción lineal queda en una posición cerrada,
una cuña que va montada en un canal bajo la bandeja de grapas
abiertas es empujada a través del canal. A medida que la cuña se
mueve a través del canal, una superficie inclinada de la cuña
empuja las grapas abiertas contra las correspondientes guías de
grapa, cerrando así las grapas. La zona de cuchilla se asienta
sobre esta superficie inclinada y corta a través del tejido del
intestino. Después de que se hayan cerrado las grapas, se tira de
la cuña de nuevo a través del canal. La segunda extensión de
accionamiento empuja o tira del mecanismo de cuña y cuchilla a
través del canal, en función del sentido de giro del
correspondiente motor en el accionador electromecánico, acoplándose
a un eje horizontal roscado en el cual va montada la cuña, que
tiene un roscado interior correspondiente.
Haciendo ahora referencia al accesorio de
anastomosis y grapado, se describe a continuación una realización
preferida como único ejemplo de las distintas variaciones que
podrían construirse para un fin equivalente. Sin embargo, al igual
que con los accesorios de grapado lineal descritos anteriormente,
este ejemplo muestra la aplicabilidad universal del mecanismo de
accionamiento electromecánico global de la presente invención. Este
accesorio comprende una zona de yunque, y una zona de grapado,
cuchilla y depósito, que incluye un par de ejes de accionamiento
giratorios que pueden acoplarse a los componentes de accionamiento
del elemento del eje descritos anteriormente, y un par
correspondiente de tuercas de avance y retroceso montadas en los
ejes de accionamiento giratorios, pero que se evita que giren y por
lo tanto avanzan y retroceden linealmente a lo largo de los ejes
cuando giran. La zona de yunque tiene forma de bala, presentando una
zona superior de extremo redondeado, una superficie de apoyo de
corte plana en la parte inferior, y una columna de acoplamiento que
puede girar libremente y que se extiende axialmente desde la
superficie inferior. Esta columna de acoplamiento está diseñada
para que pueda acoplarse y desmontarse selectivamente de la
correspondiente tuerca montada en uno de los ejes de accionamiento
giratorios. La zona de grapa, cuchilla, y depósito (zona SBR)
presenta forma cilíndrica, y define una carcasa que tiene un
interior hueco. Este interior hueco forma el depósito. En la
superficie exterior opuesta axialmente de la pared cilíndrica de la
carcasa existe una serie de orificios de grapa, a través de los
cuales se descargan las grapas del dispositivo. Una serie de
accionadores de grapas se encuentran montados dentro de las paredes
cilíndricas, debajo de los orificios de grapa, para accionar las
grapas a través de estos. De manera más precisa, los accionadores de
grapas son una serie de protuberancias en el borde exterior de un
único componente cilíndrico el cual queda asentado en la pared de la
zona SBR. Las grapas, antes de ser descargadas, se montan en los
orificios; y avanzan a través de los orificios por el movimiento
hacia adelante del accionador de grapas y sus protuberancias. La
cuchilla es, de manera similar, cilíndrica, y queda asentada en la
parte interior de la carcasa, contra la superficie interior de su
pared. Tanto la cuchilla como el accionador de grapas van montados
en la segunda tuerca que, a su vez, va montada al otro eje de
accionamiento giratorio. A medida que el eje de accionamiento gira,
la tuerca (a la que se impide girar) avanza a lo largo del eje,
haciendo avanzar de este modo a la cuchilla y al accionador de
grapas linealmente. La cuchilla y el accionador de grapas, por lo
tanto, pueden avanzar axialmente de manera selectiva hacia afuera
de la carcasa, de acuerdo con el accionamiento del activador
apropiado del mando. En la práctica, este accesorio se utiliza, una
vez que se ha reseccionado la sección del colon que ha de extraerse
(pero antes de que se complete la etapa de sujeción y grapado
lineal), de la siguiente manera. El cirujano empieza conectando el
accesorio de anastomosis y grapado al accionador electromecánico y
hace avanzar la zona de yunque a su mayor extensión. Después, la
cabeza del yunque se retira y se inserta en el extremo proximal
expuesto. Tal como se ha descrito anteriormente, este extremo
proximal se cierra después con grapas. El cirujano hace avanzar
entonces el eje y la zona SBR del accesorio arriba del colon hasta
que se extiende a través del extremo distal grapado del colon. El
cirujano conecta después el yunque a la tuerca de avance y retroceso
del eje de accionamiento correspondiente. La posterior activación
del motor en el mando provoca que el yunque se retraiga hacia la
zona SBR. En una realización preferida, la base del yunque y el
borde exterior del alojamiento de la zona SBR comprenden un sensor
electromagnético que está conectado al indicador de cristal líquido
del mando, permitiendo así que el cirujano sepa cuándo se han
acercado el yunque y la zona SBR lo suficiente como para accionar la
cuchilla y las grapas. El posterior accionamiento del otro
activador en el mando provoca que el otro eje giratorio de
accionamiento correspondiente haga avanzar la cuchilla y el
accionador de grapas en contacto con la cara opuesta del yunque. La
cuchilla corta a través de los extremos del colon cerrados con
grapas, dejando el tejido que ha sido cortado en el depósito del
espacio interior. De manera simultánea con el corte, los extremos
acabados de abrir se unen entre sí mediante la serie de grapas que
avanzan a través de orificios del borde perimétrico de la zona SBR
(presionando contra la cara opuesta del yunque y cerrando a través
de la misma). El accesorio y el eje flexible se retiran después del
paciente.
Las figuras 1 y 2 son vistas laterales de las
disposiciones cerrada y abierta, respectivamente, de un accesorio
de sujeción, corte y grapado lineal, el cual es un aspecto de la
presente invención;
Las figuras 3 y 4 son vistas laterales en
sección de las disposiciones cerrada y abierta, respectivamente, de
un accesorio de sujeción, corte y grapado lineal mostrado en las
figuras 1-2 el cual es un aspecto de la presente
invención;
Las figuras 5-12 son vistas
posteriores en varios planos de corte del accesorio de sujeción,
corte y grapado lineal mostrado en las figuras 1-4
el cual es un aspecto de la presente invención;
Las figuras 13-17 son vistas
inferior, de sección superior, sección superior profunda, sección
inferior, y superior, respectivamente, del accesorio de sujeción,
corte y grapado lineal mostrado en las figuras 1-12
el cual es un aspecto de la presente invención;
La figura 18 es una sección lateral del
accesorio de sujeción, corte y grapado lineal mostrado en las
figuras 1-17 el cual es un aspecto de la presente
invención;
La figura 19 es una vista en perspectiva del
mecanismo de sujeción, corte y grapado lineal de la técnica
anterior;
La figura 20 es una vista en perspectiva de un
mecanismo de anastomosis y grapado de la técnica anterior.
En las figuras 1-18 se muestra
una realización preferida del mecanismo de sujeción y grapado lineal
de acuerdo con la presente invención. Más concretamente, haciendo
referencia ahora a las figuras 1, 2 y 13, se muestra un mecanismo
de sujeción lineal y un mecanismo de grapado y corte de acuerdo con
la presente invención formando parte de un accesorio de sujeción,
corte y grapado lineal 20. Haciendo referencia ahora también a las
figuras 3 y 4, en esta realización preferida, el mecanismo de
sujeción lineal comprende un sistema de mordazas de separación que
comprende una mordaza inferior 50 y una mordaza superior 80 que
tiene un extremo proximal 100. Haciendo referencia ahora también a
las figuras 7, 11, 14 y 17, el extremo proximal 100 de la mordaza
superior 80 tiene un par de orificios verticales roscados 90, a
través de los cuales se extiende un correspondiente par de ejes
verticales 130. Un roscado interior 92 de los orificios verticales
90 corresponde con un roscado exterior 132 de los ejes verticales
130. Haciendo ahora referencia también a las figuras 6 y 10, los
ejes verticales 130 se acoplan a un eje horizontal superior roscado
150 en un extremo distal 140 del eje horizontal superior 150. Un
roscado exterior 152 del eje horizontal superior 150 engrana con un
roscado exterior 132 de los ejes verticales 130. Haciendo
referencia ahora a las figuras 3-5 y 9, el eje
horizontal superior 150 presenta en un extremo proximal 170 un
receptáculo de accionamiento superior 180. Haciendo referencia a las
figuras 3-6, 9, 10, 14 y 17, el mecanismo de
sujeción lineal comprende además un primer electrodo sensor 182 que
comunica eléctricamente a través de unos cables de comunicación (no
mostrados) con una primera almohadilla de contacto 187 (mejor
mostrada en las figuras 6, 10, 14 y 17) que a su vez comunica
eléctricamente con una segunda almohadilla de contacto 189 (mejor
mostrada en las figuras 14 y 17) a través de un contacto directo,
que comunica eléctricamente a través de unos cables de comunicación
(no mostrados) con un primer nodo de contacto 188 (mejor mostrado
en las figuras 5, 9 y 13). De manera similar, el mecanismo de
sujeción lineal comprende además un segundo electrodo sensor 184
que comunica eléctricamente a través de unos cables de comunicación
(no mostrados) con un segundo nodo de contacto 186 (mejor mostrado
en las figuras 5, 9 y 13). Los nodos de contacto 186, 188 comunican
eléctricamente con unos cables de comunicación (no mostrados) en el
componente de accionamiento electromecánico (no mostrado) para
formar un circuito sensor, de manera que cuando la mordaza superior
80 y la mordaza inferior 50 quedan sujetas entre sí, los electrodos
sensores 182, 184 quedan en contacto, el circuito sensor se cierra,
y el cirujano es alertado a través de otros componentes del circuito
(no mostrados) hacia la posición de sujeción de las mordazas 50,
80, y por lo tanto es informado de que es seguro y/o apropiado
activar el mecanismo de grapado.
Además, en esta realización preferida, y
haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 y 18, el
mecanismo de corte y grapado comprende un sistema de empuje de cuña
que comprende en la mordaza inferior 50 una bandeja reemplazable
220 que aloja una o más varillas de fijación, o grapas 230, y en la
mordaza superior 80 una o más guías de las grapas 240
correspondientes a las grapas 230. Cada una de las grapas 230 tiene
un extremo 232 que sobresale debajo de la bandeja 220, y un par de
dientes 234 que se extienden hacia la parte superior de la bandeja
220. Haciendo referencia ahora también a las figuras 7, 11 y 15, el
sistema de empuje de cuña comprende además una guía de cuña o canal
250 que se extiende debajo de la bandeja 220. Dentro del canal 250
se extiende un eje horizontal inferior roscado 260 que tiene un
roscado exterior 262. Sobre el eje horizontal inferior 260 avanza
una cuña 270 que tiene una cara superior inclinada 280, un orificio
roscado horizontal 290 (mejor mostrado en las figuras 7 y 11)
coaxial con el canal 250, que presenta un roscado interior 292 que
corresponde con un roscado exterior 262 del eje roscado horizontal
inferior 260, y un elemento de cuchilla que se extiende hacia
arriba 51. Haciendo ahora referencia a las figuras 3, 4, 5 y 9, el
eje horizontal inferior 260 tiene en un extremo proximal 300 un
segundo receptáculo de accionamiento 310.
En funcionamiento, después de que el cirujano ha
localizado el tejido canceroso o anómalo en el tracto
gastrointestinal, el abdomen del paciente se abre inicialmente para
dejar al descubierto el intestino. Entonces el cirujano corta el
tubo del intestino en cada lado del tejido canceroso, creando de
este modo dos extremos abiertos del intestino, un extremo distal
que queda dirigido hacia el ano, y un extremo proximal que queda más
cerca del intestino inferior. Para minimizar la contaminación, el
cirujano utiliza entonces el accesorio de sujeción, corte y grapado
lineal para grapar temporalmente los extremos expuestos. Según el
procedimiento de sujeción, corte y grapado que se describe a
continuación, el extremo proximal y distal del intestino serán
sujetados, cortados, y grapados.
Más concretamente, el accesorio de sujeción,
corte y grapado lineal se conecta al receptáculo del accesorio (no
mostrado) del componente accionador electromecánico (no mostrado) de
manera que el receptáculo de accionamiento superior 180 se acopla
al correspondiente eje de accionamiento flexible (no mostrado) del
componente de accionamiento electromecánico (no mostrado) y el
segundo receptáculo de accionamiento 310 se acopla al
correspondiente eje de accionamiento flexible (no mostrado) del
componente de accionamiento electromecánico (no mostrado). Así, el
giro del eje horizontal superior 150 se realiza mediante el giro del
receptáculo de accionamiento superior 180 que se efectúa por medio
del giro del correspondiente eje de accionamiento flexible (no
mostrado) de componente de accionamiento electromecánico (no
mostrado). El giro en sentido horario o antihorario se consigue en
función del sentido del motor responsable (no mostrado). De manera
similar, el giro del eje horizontal inferior 260 se realiza
mediante el giro del segundo receptáculo de accionamiento 310 que se
efectúa por medio del giro del correspondiente eje de accionamiento
flexible (no mostrado) del componente de accionamiento
electromecánico (no mostrado). De nuevo, el giro en sentido horario
o antihorario se consigue en función del sentido del motor
responsable (no mostrado).
Para sujetar los extremos expuestos del
intestino, el cirujano primero activa el motor superior 400
correspondiente al eje de accionamiento flexible superior 410 que
se acopla al receptáculo de accionamiento superior 180 en el
extremo proximal 170 del eje horizontal superior 150, provocando así
que el eje horizontal superior 150 gire en sentido horario. Cuando
el accesorio de sujeción y grapado lineal se encuentra en un estado
inicial cerrado tal como se muestra en la figura 1, este giro del
eje horizontal superior 150 en sentido horario provoca que el
roscado exterior 152 del eje horizontal superior 150 se acople al
roscado exterior 132 de los ejes verticales 130, provocando así que
los ejes verticales 130 giren en sentido horario. Este giro en
sentido horario de los ejes verticales 130 provoca que el roscado
exterior 132 de los ejes verticales 130 sea canalizado dentro del
roscado interior 92 de los orificios verticales 90, provocando así
que la mordaza superior 80 suba y empieza separarse de la mordaza
inferior 50. El funcionamiento continuo del motor coloca
eventualmente de esta manera el accesorio de sujeción y grapado
lineal en estado abierto, proporcionando un espacio entre la
mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 50, tal como se muestra en
la figura 2. Una vez que accesorio de sujeción y grapado lineal se
encuentra en este estado abierto, el cirujano tiene acceso a la
bandeja 220 de grapas 230, y puede comprobar para asegurarse que
las grapas 230 se encuentran listas para el procedimiento y/o
sustituir la bandeja 220 por una bandeja más adecuada 220, tal como
se muestra en la figura 26. Una vez que el cirujano ha verificado
que la bandeja 220 está lista y en posición, el cirujano coloca el
extremo distal abierto del colon entre la mordaza superior 80 y la
mordaza inferior 50. Después de ello, el cirujano invierte el motor
superior 400 para efectuar un giro en sentido antihorario del eje
horizontal superior 150, que a su vez efectúa un giro en sentido
antihorario de los ejes verticales 130, que a su vez efectúa un
descenso de la mordaza superior 80. El funcionamiento continuo del
motor superior 400 de esta manera devuelve eventualmente al
accesorio de sujeción y grapado lineal a un estado cerrado, en el
que el extremo distal del intestino queda inmovilizado entre la
mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 40, con una pequeña zona
del extremo distal del intestino extendiéndose lateralmente más
allá de la mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 50.
El extremo distal del intestino queda
inmovilizado tal como se ha descrito anteriormente, los electrodos
sensores 182, 184 quedan en contacto, y alertan al cirujano a
través de componentes del circuito del componente de accionamiento
electromecánico que es seguro y/o apropiado activar el mecanismo de
grapado. El cirujano activa después el mecanismo de grapado. Debe
indicarse que la resistencia que proporcionan las relaciones
mecánicas entre la mordaza superior 80, los orificios verticales
90, los ejes verticales 130, el eje horizontal 150, y el
receptáculo de accionamiento superior 180 del accesorio de sujeción
y grapado lineal, y el eje de accionamiento flexible superior y el
motor superior 400 del componente de accionamiento electromecánico,
juntas aseguran que la mordaza superior 80 y la mordaza inferior 50
permanezcan sujetas entre sí durante el funcionamiento del
mecanismo de grapado. Para empezar el procedimiento de grapado y
corte, el cirujano activa el motor inferior 420 del componente de
accionamiento electromecánico correspondiente al eje de
accionamiento flexible inferior 430 que se conecta al receptáculo
de accionamiento inferior 310 en el extremo proximal 300 del eje
horizontal inferior 260, provocando así que el eje horizontal
inferior 260 gire en sentido horario. Cuando el mecanismo de
grapado y corte se encuentra en estado inicial cargado, la cuña 270
y la cuchilla 51 asociada a la misma se encuentran en el canal 250
en una posición más cercana al extremo proximal 300 del eje
horizontal inferior 260. El giro sentido horario del eje horizontal
inferior 260 provoca que el roscado exterior 262 del eje horizontal
inferior 260 se acople al roscado interior 292 del orificio roscado
horizontal 290 de la cuña 270, provocando así que la cuña 270 se
desplace a través del canal 250 en una dirección alejándose del
extremo proximal 300 del eje horizontal inferior 260. El
funcionamiento continuo del motor inferior 420 de esta manera moverá
la cuña 270 completamente a través del canal 250. A medida que la
cuña 270 se mueve a través del canal, la cuchilla 51 montada en la
parte superior de la cuña corta a través del intestino,
transeccionándolo. Simultáneamente, la cara superior inclinada 280
de la cuña 270 hace contacto con los extremos 232 de las grapas 230,
empujando así a los dientes 234 de las grapas 230 a través del
tejido del extremo distal sujeto del intestino y contra las guías
de las grapas 240, que dobla y cierra las grapas 230. Cuando la cuña
270 se mueve completamente a través del canal 250, todas las grapas
230 son empujadas a través de la bandeja 220 y de este modo cierran
por grapado el extremo distal del intestino. Después de eso, el
cirujano invierte el motor inferior 420 para efectuar un giro en
sentido antihorario del eje horizontal inferior 260, que a su vez
mueve la cuña 270 hacia el extremo proximal 300 del eje horizontal
inferior 260. El funcionamiento continuo del motor inferior 420
devuelve eventualmente de este modo la cuña 270 a su posición
inicial.
Después de eso, el cirujano activa de nuevo el
motor superior 400 para efectuar un giro en sentido horario del eje
horizontal superior 150, que a su vez realiza un giro en sentido
contrario de los ejes verticales 130, que a su vez efectúa una
elevación de la mordaza superior 80. El funcionamiento continuo del
motor superior 400 coloca eventualmente de esta manera el accesorio
de sujeción, corte y grapado lineal en estado abierto. Después de
eso, el cirujano sustituye la bandeja vacía 220 por una bandeja
llena 220, y realiza el mismo procedimiento de sujeción, corte y
grapado en el extremo proximal del intestino. Una vez que el extremo
proximal del intestino también se ha sujetado, cortado y grapado,
el cirujano puede separar el accesorio del componente de
accionamiento electromecánico, desechar el accesorio, y utilizar el
componente de accionamiento electromecánico para procedimientos
adicionales con otros accesorios.
Claims (28)
1. Dispositivo de sujeción y corte para cortar y
sujetar una sección de un tejido, que comprende:
- una primera mordaza (80);
- una segunda mordaza (50) en correspondencia opuesta con la primera mordaza (80), siendo la primera y la segunda mordaza móviles entre una posición abierta y una cerrada;
- uno o más elementos de fijación (230) dispuestos inicialmente en la segunda mordaza (50);
- una cuña (270), en posición para acoplarse a dichos elementos de fijación (230), incluyendo dicha cuña una cuchilla (51) y una superficie inclinada (280), de manera que durante la traslación axial de dicha cuña, la cuchilla transecciona dicha sección de tejido, y la superficie inclinada (280) acciona dichos elementos de fijación (230) a través del tejido y hacia dicha primera mordaza (80), sujetando así dicha sección;
- un primer eje giratorio (130) para efectuar el movimiento relativo de la primera y la segunda mordaza (50, 80) entre la posición abierta y la posición cerrada a lo largo de una dirección substancialmente lineal, y un segundo eje giratorio (260) que acciona el elemento de cuña, pudiendo girar el citado segundo eje giratorio (260) de manera independiente del primer eje giratorio (130)
caracterizado por el hecho
de que dicha cuña está dispuesta en relación de traslación selectiva
y axialmente dentro de dicha segunda mordaza (50) y por el hecho de
que dicha dirección lineal es perpendicular al eje longitudinal del
primer eje
(130).
2. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizado por el hecho de que comprende por lo menos un
motor que acciona el primer eje giratorio (130) para efectuar un
movimiento relativo de la primera y la segunda mordaza (50, 80)
entre la posición abierta y la posición cerrada independientemente
de la cuchilla (51) y la cuña (270).
3. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 2,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el primer eje giratorio
(130) y el segundo eje giratorio (260) giran utilizando por lo
menos un motor.
4. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 3,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el por lo menos un motor
incluye dos motores, accionando un primer motor de los dos motores
el movimiento relativo de la primera y la segunda mordaza (50, 80)
entre la posición abierta y la posición cerrada, y accionando un
segundo motor de los dos motores la cuña (270).
5. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la primera y la segunda
mordaza (50, 80) son móviles de manera no giratoria entre sí entre
la posición abierta y la posición cerrada.
6. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 o 5,
caracterizado por el hecho de que comprende una guía de cuña
(250) solidaria de la segunda mordaza (50), trasladándose la cuña
(270) a lo largo de la guía de la cuña.
7. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 6,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la guía de la cuña (250)
tiene un eje lineal y una pared, y en el que la cuña (270) tiene
una superficie exterior, y en el que la interacción entre la
superficie exterior y la pared evita el giro de la cuña (270)
alrededor del eje lineal de la guía de la cuña (250) y en el que la
cuña (270) tiene un orificio roscado que tiene un eje cilíndrico
coaxial con el eje lineal de la guía de la cuña (250) y presenta un
roscado interior, y en el que el segundo eje giratorio (260)
comprende un eje roscado que tiene un roscado exterior y que se
extiende a lo largo de la guía de la cuña (250) y que presenta un
eje cilíndrico coaxial con el eje cilíndrico del orificio,
correspondiendo el roscado interior del orificio con el roscado
exterior del eje roscado (260), en el que un giro del eje roscado
(260) alrededor del eje cilíndrico del orificio provoca que el
roscado exterior se monte a lo largo del roscado interior,
provocando que la cuña (270) avance a lo largo del eje (260) y a lo
largo de la guía de la cuña (250).
8. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 7,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la guía de la cuña (250)
incluye un canal lineal que tiene una sección transversal, y en el
que la cuña (270) tiene una sección transversal que corresponde
substancialmente con la sección transversal del canal (250).
9. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 8,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la primera mordaza (80)
tiene una primera superficie, y en el que la segunda mordaza (52)
tiene una segunda superficie en correspondencia opuesta a la
primera superficie de la primera mordaza (80), y en el que cada uno
de los elementos de fijación (230) tiene un extremo y por lo menos
un diente, y en el que el extremo sobresale hacia el canal (250), y
en el que cada diente se extiende hacia la segunda superficie de la
segunda mordaza (50), de manera que cuando la superficie inclinada
(280) de la cuña (270) hace contacto con cada extremo, cada diente
es empujado a través de la segunda superficie de la segunda mordaza
(50), y de manera que cuando cada diente es empujado así a través
de la segunda superficie de la segunda mordaza (50), y cuando la
primera superficie de la primera mordaza (80) y la segunda
superficie de la segunda mordaza (50) quedan substancialmente
adyacentes, cada diente hace contacto con la primera superficie de
la primera mordaza (80).
10. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 9,
caracterizado por el hecho de que uno o más de los elementos
de fijación (270) son grapas, y en el que la primera superficie de
la primera mordaza (80) incluye una o más guías de grapa (240) que
corresponden a los dientes de las grapas, formando cada guía de
grapa (240) un par de receptáculos cóncavos adaptados para recibir
los dientes hacia una posición doblada cerrada.
11. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 10,
caracterizado por el hecho de que comprende una bandeja de
grapas desmontable (220) que aloja las grapas, y en el que la
segunda superficie de la segunda mordaza (50) está adaptada para
alojar la bandeja de grapas desmontable (220).
12. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 7,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el eje roscado (260) tiene
un extremo proximal que mecánicamente comunica con medios para
hacer girar el eje roscado (260).
13. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 12,
caracterizado por el hecho de que los medios incluyen por lo
menos un motor.
14. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 13,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el motor tiene una
extensión de accionamiento que presenta un extremo distal y en el
que el extremo proximal del eje roscado (260) tiene un receptáculo
de accionamiento adaptado para recibir el extremo distal de una
extensión de alojamiento.
15. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 12,
caracterizado por el hecho de que un giro en sentido horario
o un giro en sentido antihorario del eje roscado (260) provoca que
la cuña (270) avance alejándose del extremo proximal del eje
roscado (260) y en el que el otro giro en sentido horario o giro en
sentido antihorario del eje roscado (260) provoca que la cuña (270)
avance hacia el extremo proximal del eje roscado (260).
16. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 7,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el orificio roscado (290)
de la cuña (270) es un canal roscado.
17. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 o 5,
caracterizado por el hecho de que incluye un sensor (182,
184) para detectar cuándo la primera mordaza (80) se encuentra
adyacente a la segunda mordaza (50).
18. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 17,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el sensor (182, 184)
incluye un primer contacto eléctrico (182) en la primera mordaza
(80) y un segundo contacto eléctrico (184) en la segunda mordaza
(50), estando cada uno del primer y segundo contacto en comunicación
eléctrica con un circuito de detección de proximidad de manera que
cuando el primer y segundo contacto se tocan, el circuito de
detección de proximidad se cierra.
19. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la segunda mordaza (50)
está adaptada para retener uno o más elementos de sujeción (230); y
la cuchilla (51) corta la sección de tejido linealmente.
20. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 19,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el segundo eje giratorio
(260) está adaptado para accionar la cuña (270) para accionar los
elementos de sujeción (230) y la cuchilla (51) simultáneamente.
21. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 o 19,
caracterizado por el hecho de que comprende un primer motor
para accionar el primer eje giratorio (130) y un segundo motor para
accionar el segundo eje giratorio (260).
22. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 o 19,
caracterizado por el hecho de que comprende un dispositivo
motor para accionar cada uno del primer eje giratorio (130) y el
segundo eje giratorio (260).
23. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 o 19,
caracterizado por el hecho de que cada uno del primer y
segundo eje giratorio (130, 260) incluye un receptáculo de
accionamiento para acoplarse a un extremo de un eje de
accionamiento respectivo.
24. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el movimiento de la primera
y la segunda mordaza (50, 80) entre la posición abierta y cerrada
retiene el tejido entre las mismas.
25. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1,
caracterizado por el hecho de que la cuchilla (51) está
accionada por el primer eje giratorio (80), en el que la cuchilla
(51) está adaptada para cortar el tejido a lo largo de una
trayectoria paralela a un plano que contiene el eje longitudinal del
primer eje; y en el que la cuña (270) incluye un accionador de
grapas accionado por el primer eje giratorio, estando adaptado dicho
accionador de grapas para accionar los elementos de sujeción a
través del tejido y hacia la primera mordaza.
26. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 25,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el segundo eje giratorio
(260) presenta un roscado exterior para efectuar el movimiento
relativo de la primera y la segunda mordaza (50, 80) entre la
posición abierta y la posición cerrada.
27. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 25,
caracterizado por el hecho de que el primer eje giratorio
(130) está adaptado para accionar la cuña (270) y la cuchilla (51)
simultáneamente.
28. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 1, 19 o
25, caracterizado por el hecho de que la primera mordaza y
la segunda mordaza (50, 80) se mantienen en una relación
substancialmente paralela entre la posición abierta y la posición
cerrada.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/324,451 US6315184B1 (en) | 1999-06-02 | 1999-06-02 | Stapling device for use with an electromechanical driver device for use with anastomosing, stapling, and resecting instruments |
US324451 | 1999-06-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2317842T3 true ES2317842T3 (es) | 2009-05-01 |
Family
ID=23263646
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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ES00939525T Expired - Lifetime ES2317842T3 (es) | 1999-06-02 | 2000-06-02 | Dispositivo de accionamiento electromecanico para una grapadora quirurgica de anastomosis. |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6315184B1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1198201B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP4310508B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR100834807B1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE415868T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU5460200A (es) |
DE (1) | DE60040987D1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2317842T3 (es) |
PT (1) | PT1198201E (es) |
WO (1) | WO2000072762A1 (es) |
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-
1999
- 1999-06-02 US US09/324,451 patent/US6315184B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-06-02 KR KR1020017015510A patent/KR100834807B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-02 JP JP2000620877A patent/JP4310508B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-02 ES ES00939525T patent/ES2317842T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-02 AU AU54602/00A patent/AU5460200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-02 PT PT00939525T patent/PT1198201E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-02 WO PCT/US2000/015267 patent/WO2000072762A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-06-02 AT AT00939525T patent/ATE415868T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-02 DE DE60040987T patent/DE60040987D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-02 EP EP00939525A patent/EP1198201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-11-13 US US10/010,955 patent/US6843403B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60040987D1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
US6843403B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
AU5460200A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
JP4310508B2 (ja) | 2009-08-12 |
JP2004500151A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
PT1198201E (pt) | 2009-02-17 |
US6315184B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
EP1198201B1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
EP1198201A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
WO2000072762A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
KR100834807B1 (ko) | 2008-06-05 |
US20020084304A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
KR20020027335A (ko) | 2002-04-13 |
EP1198201A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
ATE415868T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
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