EP2573280A2 - Base steel plate of the suprestructure of a mobile works machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The equipment has an undercarriage (1) at which a chassis (2) is arranged, and an upper carriage (3) rotatably arranged around a vertical rotational axis (30) on the undercarriage. A two-part supporting steel structure of the upper carriage is formed from two elements that are connected with each other by bolts and/or screws. A swing bearing (4) for rotatable linkage of the upper carriage to the undercarriage and a connection region for connection with an arm (5), beam or working tool are arranged at one of the elements.

Description

The present invention relates to a movable implement, in particular an excavator, with an undercarriage, on which the landing gear is arranged, and an upper carriage rotatably mounted on the undercarriage about a vertical axis of rotation.

The superstructure such movable implements usually carries the drive unit, z. As a power pack of engine and hydraulic pumps, and a stem or boom, which is hinged about a horizontal pivot axis pivotally mounted on the uppercarriage. To accommodate the forces to be transmitted thereby, the uppercarriage usually has a welded construction, which is rotatably arranged on a turntable on the undercarriage and which carries the stem or boom, the drive unit and the ballast. Due to the large dimensions of the superstructure used z. As in large hydraulic excavators arise increasingly problems with respect to the handling of the load-bearing welded construction of the superstructure during manufacture and during transport.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a movable working device available, which is easier to handle in terms of production and transport.

This object is achieved by a movable working device according to claim 1. Such a movable working device, in particular an excavator, in this case has an undercarriage, on which the landing gear is arranged, and a superstructure rotatably mounted on the undercarriage about a vertical axis of rotation. According to the invention it is now provided that the supporting steel structure of the upper carriage is constructed of at least a first and a second element, which are connected to each other via bolts and / or screws. The load-bearing steel construction of the superstructure can thus be manufactured in two parts, each of which is considerably easier to handle than the overall construction. These two parts, which are each designed as a welded construction, are then connected to each other via bolts and / or screws. As a result, the dimensions of the necessary for the production of the supporting steel structure of the superstructure welded structures can be kept in a still easy to handle frame.

Due to the at least two-part construction of the supporting steel structure according to the invention of the superstructure in addition to the advantages in terms of production and those relating to the transport of the movable implement, since the connection of the two elements by bolts and / or screws for disassembly of the implement can also be solved again.

Advantageously, a turntable for rotatable articulation of the upper carriage on the undercarriage and / or connecting areas for connection to a handle, boom or working tool are arranged on the first element. The first element of the supporting steel structure of the superstructure thus serves the rotatable connection of the upper carriage with the undercarriage and / or the articulation of a stem, jib or working tool. Usually, the first one Element of the supporting steel structure for this purpose, a bottom plate on which the turntable is arranged, as well as side cheeks for articulation of the stem, jib or working tool on. The side cheeks are usually perpendicular to the bottom plate and parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the upper carriage.

Advantageously, second element carries the ballast and / or the drive unit, in particular the power pack of the implement. The second element of the supporting steel structure is accordingly usually arranged on the rear side of the superstructure and carries there arranged elements of the movable working device. The second element also advantageously comprises a bottom construction and two side cheeks which extend in the longitudinal direction of the superstructure.

Advantageously, connecting regions for connecting the first and second elements are arranged on the side cheeks of the first and / or the second element. In particular, bolt receivers for bolting the first and second elements are arranged on the side cheeks of the first and / or the second element. Further advantageously, screw connections for screwing the first and the second element are arranged on the side cheeks of the first and / or the second element.

Advantageously, the connection of the first and the second element in this case comprises at least one, advantageously two bolt connections whose Verbolzungsachse runs horizontally. Advantageously, the two bolt connections have a common bolting axis. The horizontally extending bolt connections can transmit large forces, in particular large tensile forces, between the two elements. Advantageously, the bolt connections are arranged on the side cheeks of the first and / or the second element.

Advantageously, furthermore, the second element is supported in at least one stop region on the first element. In this stop area pressure forces can be easily transferred from one steel structure to the other. In particular, the pressure forces which occur due to the ballast arranged on the second element can be forwarded to the first element in the abutment region. Advantageously, the stop area is arranged below the Verbolzungsachse and absorbs forces acting in a plane perpendicular to the Verbolzungsachse on.

Advantageously, the connection of the first and the second element further comprises at least one, advantageously two screw connections, which are advantageously arranged in the stop area. The screw so secure the connection of the first with the second element against movement of the second element to the Verbolzungsachse.

Advantageously, the Verschraubungsachsen run in planes which are perpendicular to the Verbolzungsachse, wherein the Verschraubungsachsen advantageously extend horizontally. This results in an optimal securing effect by the screws, which are thereby charged only to train or thrust. Advantageously, the screw connections are arranged in the bottom region of the first and the second element.

Advantageously, the connection of the first to the second element comprises at least one, advantageously two bolt connections, which have as a bolt an expansion sleeve with a conical inner diameter and a plunger with a conical outer diameter. As a result, a backlash-free bolt connection is ensured, so that any screw used only be charged along the screw axis. The plunger is thereby pressed into the expansion sleeve, so that the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve increases and this braced against the bolt receptacles on the first and second element. The expansion sleeve has a cylindrical outer diameter and is advantageously slotted in the longitudinal direction.

Advantageously, while the plunger is pressed via a press-in screw in the expansion sleeve. This allows a secure pressing of the plunger, including e.g. a hydraulic drive can be used.

Advantageously, while the press-in screw is screwed into a holder which is screwed to a bolt-receiving bearing welded construction. The bolt receptacle is advantageously arranged on a side cheek of the first or the second element. On this side cheek then a bracket is screwed, which carries the thread for screwing the press-in screw.

Advantageously, the press-in screw has a diameter which is more than half, advantageously more than three quarters of the diameter of the bolt. On the one hand, this ensures a large-area pressure between the press-in screw and the plunger. In addition, the lever arm between the thread for the press-in screw and the attachment of the bracket to the weldment is kept short, so that the bending moments in the bracket remain low. Advantageously, while the diameter of the press-in screw is at least approximately as large as the outer diameter of the bolt.

Further advantageously, the plunger has on its front side a connecting element for connection to a tension element, in particular a thread for screwing a peel-off screw. As a result, the plunger for releasing the connection between the first and the second element can be pulled out of the expansion bush so as to release the tension of the bolt connection.

Advantageously, a washer is provided for this purpose, on which the peel screw is supported, wherein the washer is advantageously supported on the holder, in which the press-in screw can be screwed. Will accordingly The screw puller screwed into the thread on the front side of the plunger, it is supported with its head on the washer, so that the plunger from the expansion sleeve is removable.

The present invention also encompasses corresponding methods for mounting or dismounting the first element on the second element or for producing or loosening the corresponding bolt connections.

The present invention further comprises a set of a bolt, a press-in screw, a holder and advantageously a washer as described above. The bolt in this case has an expansion sleeve with a conical inner diameter and a plunger with a conical outer diameter, wherein the plunger can be pressed into the expansion bush via the press-in screw. Further advantageously, the set comprises a corresponding pull-off screw for removing the piston.

The present invention further includes a steel construction of a superstructure of a traveling work implement as described above. According to the invention, the load-bearing steel construction of the superstructure has at least one first element and at least one second element, which are connected to one another via bolts and / or screws. The two elements are each designed as a welded construction. Further properties of the supporting steel structure are shown above with respect to the movable working device.

Due to the two-part steel construction of the superstructure according to the invention, the handling is considerably simplified both during construction and during transport, since the two elements can be manufactured separately as a welded construction and only then be joined together as finished parts via bolts and / or screws.

Figur 1:

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen verfahrbaren Arbeitsgerätes, bei welchem die erfindungsgemäße zweiteilige tragende Stahlkonstruktion des Oberwagens zum Einsatz kommt,

Figur 2:

ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen tragenden Stahlkonstruktion des Oberwagens in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Figur 3:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der Stahlkonstruktion in einer seitlichen Explosionsdarstellung,

Figur 4:

das erste Element des Ausführungsbeispiels der Stahlkonstruktion in einer Frontalansicht,

Figur 5:

das erste Element des Ausführungsbeispiels der Stahlkonstruktion in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 6:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der Stahlkonstruktion mit aufgesetztem Ballast in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 7:

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Bolzenverbindung in einer Schnittansicht,

Figur 8:

eine vergrößerte Darstellung der in Figur 7 gezeigten Bolzenverbindung, und

Figur 9:

das Ausführungsbeispiel der in Figuren 7 und 8 gezeigten Bolzenverbindung mit einer Abziehschraube.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment and drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1:

An embodiment of a movable working device according to the invention, in which the two-part supporting steel construction of the upper carriage according to the invention is used,

FIG. 2:

An embodiment of the supporting steel structure of the upper carriage according to the invention in a perspective view,

FIG. 3:

the embodiment of the steel structure in a side exploded view,

FIG. 4:

the first element of the embodiment of the steel structure in a front view,

FIG. 5:

the first element of the embodiment of the steel structure in a side view,

FIG. 6:

the embodiment of the steel construction with attached ballast in a side view,

FIG. 7:

An embodiment of a bolt connection according to the invention in a sectional view,

FIG. 8:

an enlarged view of in FIG. 7 shown bolt connection, and

FIG. 9:

the embodiment of in FIGS. 7 and 8th shown bolt connection with a pull-off screw.

In FIG. 1 an embodiment of a movable working device is shown in which the two-part steel construction of the upper carriage according to the invention is used. In the movable working device is a hydraulic excavator with an undercarriage 1, on which a chassis 2 is arranged, which comprises two frosted axles. On the undercarriage 1, a rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation 30 superstructure 3 is arranged, for which a slewing ring 4 is provided between the undercarriage and uppercarriage. The uppercarriage 3 comprises a drive unit 7, in this case a power pack comprising a motor and hydraulic pumps for driving the hydraulic consumers, in particular the hydraulic cylinders of the excavator handle 5 and the chassis drives. Furthermore, a ballast 8 is provided on the superstructure. On the uppercarriage 3, an excavator handle 5 is further articulated in a front articulation area 9. The handle 5 is pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis pivoted on the upper carriage and carries the working tool, in this case, an excavator bucket. To move the stem 5 relative to the uppercarriage hydraulic cylinders are provided. The uppercarriage 3 also carries the driver's cab 6, which is arranged next to the articulation area 9 for the shaft 5.

An embodiment of the two-part supporting steel structure 10 according to the invention of the superstructure 3 is now in FIGS. 2 to 6 shown. The supporting steel structure 10 comprises a first element 11 and a second element 12, which are each designed as a welded construction and connected to each other via bolts 13 and screws 16.

At the first element 11 of the turntable 4 is arranged for rotatable articulation of the upper carriage 3 on the undercarriage 1. Furthermore, the first element 11 on the articulation areas 21 and 22 for connection to the stem 5. In this case, the first element of a bottom plate 19, on which the turntable 4 is arranged, and side cheeks 20 is constructed. On the side cheeks 20, which are perpendicular to the bottom plate 19 and extend along the longitudinal axis of the upper carriage, while the articulation 21 for articulation of a Stem member 22 and provided for the articulation of hydraulic cylinders for moving the stem. Furthermore, the first element 11 carries the driver's cab 6.

The second, rearwardly disposed element 12 of the supporting steel construction, however, carries the ballast and the power pack of the implement. For this purpose, the second element 12 also has a bottom construction 23 and two side cheeks 24. In this case, connecting areas 25 are provided on the side cheeks 24 at the rear, on which the ballast is placed. The side cheeks 24 also extend in the longitudinal direction of the upper carriage, wherein they are aligned in the mounted position of the first and the second element with the side cheeks of the first element.

To connect the first and the second element two bolt connections are provided, the common Verbolzungsachse runs horizontally. For this purpose, bolt receivers 14 are provided on the side cheeks 20 of the first element 14 and on the side cheeks 24 of the second member 12 bolt receptacles 15 which are bolted together via bolts 13. The bolts thus fix the second element along a common Verbolzungsachse against the first element. The bolt connections are designed detachable. As a result, the first and the second element z. B. to transport the excavator to be dismantled. As in particular from FIG. 4 it can be seen, the bolts 13 are thereby mounted from the inside, as the left side of the side walls of the oil tank and right side of the side cheeks of the fuel tank is mounted.

Furthermore, stop areas 17 and 18 are provided on the first and on the second element, in which the second element is supported on the first element. In these abutment areas, the static forces acting perpendicular to the bolting axis are recorded. In particular, the static moments exerted by the dead weight of the second element 12, the ballast and the power pack are introduced into the first element 11 via the abutment regions 17 and 18 perpendicular to the bolt axis acting as the axis of rotation. Thus, the bolt connections are essentially on train, the stop areas essentially loaded on pressure. The stop areas are arranged for this purpose below the Verbolzungsachse in the bottom region of the side walls.

Furthermore, screws 16 are provided, which connect the first and the second element. The glands are arranged in the stop areas 17 and 18 on the first and on the second element. The Verschraubungsachsen lie in each case in planes which are perpendicular to the Verbolzungsachse. As in FIG. 3 becomes clear, the Verschraubungsachsen run substantially horizontally in the bottom region of the first and the second element. In particular, the screw connections are arranged in the bottom region of the side cheeks 20 and 24 on the first and on the second element. The glands serve to secure the first and second element against movement about the Verbolzungsachse.

The balance of power on the superstructure are in particular from FIG. 6 can be seen: The first element 10 is arranged on the turntable 4 on its bottom plate about the vertical axis of rotation 30 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage. All forces from the superstructure are transferred to the undercarriage via the turntable of the first element. Furthermore, 21 and 22 of the excavator handle is articulated on the first element via the articulation areas. The second element, however, carries the power pack, not shown, and the ballast 26, which is fastened in the rear connection region 25 by means of screws on the second element. The center of gravity of the ballast is shown at 27, the center of gravity of the power pack, not shown with 28. By the distance between the centers of gravity 27 and 28 of the Verbolzungsachse 13 results from a second element on the first element in the stop area 17 and 18 transmitted static moment. In order to hold the second element, in particular during rotations of the superstructure on the first element, the screws 16 are further provided, which prevent movement of the second element in a plane perpendicular to the Verbolzungsachse 13.

Since the screw connections in the lower region of the first and second elements are not to be subjected to transverse thrust, the bolt connections must be absolutely free of play in both the radial and in the axial direction. In FIGS. 7 to 9 Now, an embodiment of a correspondingly designed bolt connection according to the invention is shown. For the bolt, 42 CRMO4 and a bolt diameter of 140 mm are used as the material. The bolt is constructed in two parts and consists of a Spreizbuchse 32 with conical inner diameter and a plunger 31 with conical outer diameter. The expansion sleeve has a cylindrical outer diameter and is slotted in the longitudinal direction to improve their function. If the plunger 31 is pushed axially into the expansion sleeve 32, the outer diameter increases, whereby the bolt braced against the pin receivers 14 and 15 with the side cheeks 20 and 24 of the first and second element. The expansion sleeve 32 in this case has a collar 41, via which it rests on the side surface of the bolt receptacle. The bearing surface between the collar 41 and bolt receptacle is dimensioned so that the force which acts on the expansion bushing during pressing in, is transferred in compliance with the permissible surface pressure. In order to give the necessary strength to the steel structure of the first element, doubling 45 are provided on the side cheeks 20 in the area of the bolt receptacles. These are welded to the sheets of the side cheeks 20.

Due to the radial force occurring during bracing of bolts and bolt receiving results in a frictional force, which prevents the bolt shifts in the axial direction. The friction force, which arises due to the pressing of the plunger 31, it must be greater than the maximum axial force occurring during a movement of the upper carriage. In order to avoid gaping between the bolt and bolt receptacle at maximum acceleration, in particular when turning the superstructure with corresponding centrifugal forces of the ballast, the compression by the expansion piston and the expansion sleeve should exceed the maximum occurring pressure. To determine the maximum load on the connection while the weight of the second element with power pack and ballast with the maximum acceleration of about 7g, which can occur in such devices, multiplied.

For pressing of bolt and bolt receiving the plunger 31 is pressed via a press-in screw 33 in the expansion sleeve 32. The press-in screw 33 is screwed into a holder 34, which is screwed to the side wall 20 of the first element. Furthermore, a locking nut 37 is provided, via which the press-in screw is held in position. The press-in screw (M120) is approximately as large as the outer diameter of the bolt connection with 140 mm. As a result, the surface pressure is kept small at the end face of the plunger 31 and on the press-in screw. Second, this results in a short lever arm between the thread 35 of the holder and its connection to the side wall 20, so that the bending moment in the holder remains low.

The holder 34 is designed as a disk, in which the thread 35 is arranged centrally for screwing the press-fit screw 33 and which is screwed to the side cheek 20 via a plurality of screws 36, which are arranged in a circle around the thread 35. The ten screws 36 for connecting the holder 34 with the side wall 20 form a circle of holes with a diameter of 235 mm.

As in FIG. 9 shown, the press-in screw 33 is first unscrewed from the holder 34 to release the bolt connection, so that the end face of the expansion piston is accessible. To remove the expansion piston 31 from the bushing 32, the expansion piston 31 has a thread 37 on its end face, into which a peel-off screw 42 can be screwed. The peel-off screw (in the exemplary embodiment M64) has a smaller diameter than the press-in screw and can thus be screwed through the holder 34 into the thread 37. Furthermore, a washer 43 is used, via which the head of the peel-off screw 42 rests on the holder 34. By tightening the screw of the expansion piston 31 can be moved relative to the expansion sleeve 32 and thus the bolt connection can be solved. The bracket points In this case, a recess 44 which allows movement of the Spreizkolbens 31 from the expansion sleeve 32 out.

By bolt connections according to the invention a secure and absolutely backlash-free connection of the first and the second element of the supporting steel structure of the superstructure according to the invention is ensured. This results in spite of the two-part construction of the supporting steel structure of the superstructure no disadvantages in terms of stability.

Due to the two-part construction according to the invention with a first element, on which the revolving platform and the connecting areas are arranged with the stem, and a second element, on which the central unit is arranged with power pack and ballast, this results in an improved handling in the construction and the Transport of the superstructure, since the two individual parts of the supporting steel structure can be welded separately from each other and then securely connected to each other via the bolt and screw connections.

Claims (15)

Movable implement, in particular excavator, with an undercarriage on which the landing gear is arranged, and a superstructure rotatably mounted on the undercarriage about a vertical axis of rotation,
characterized,
in that the load-bearing steel construction of the superstructure is made up of at least one first and one second element, which are connected to one another via bolts and / or screws. Movable implement according to claim 1, wherein on the first element a turntable for rotatable articulation of the upper carriage on the undercarriage and / or connecting portions for connection to a handle, boom or working tool are arranged. Movable implement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second element carries the ballast and / or the drive unit, in particular the power pack of the implement. Movable implement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection of the first with the second element comprises at least one, advantageously two bolt connections whose Verbolzungsachse runs horizontally. A movable working device according to claim 4, wherein the second element is supported in at least one stop area on the first element. Movable implement according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the connection of the first with the second element further comprises at least one, advantageously two screw connections, which are advantageously arranged in the stop area. Movable implement according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the Verschraubungsachsen extend in planes which are perpendicular to the Verbolzungsachse, wherein the Verschraubungsachsen advantageously extend horizontally. Movable implement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection of the first with the second element comprises at least one, advantageously two bolt connections, which have a pin as an expansion sleeve with conical inner diameter and a plunger with conical outer diameter. Movable implement according to claim 8, wherein the plunger is pressed via a press-in screw in the expansion sleeve. Movable implement according to claim 9, wherein the press-in screw is screwed into a holder which is screwed to a bolt-receiving bearing welded construction. Movable implement according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the press-in screw has a diameter which is more than half, advantageously more than three quarters of the diameter of the bolt. Movable implement according to one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the pressing piston has on its end face a connecting element for connection to a tension element, in particular a thread for screwing a peel-off screw. Movable implement according to claim 12, wherein a washer is provided, on which the Abziehschraube supported, wherein the washer is advantageously supported on the holder, in which the press-in screw can be screwed. Set of a bolt, a press-in screw, a holder and advantageously a washer according to claims 8 to 13. Steel construction of a superstructure of a movable working device according to one of the preceding claims.

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