EP2491181B1 - Method and system for producing asphalt mixture - Google Patents
Method and system for producing asphalt mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2491181B1 EP2491181B1 EP09806080.9A EP09806080A EP2491181B1 EP 2491181 B1 EP2491181 B1 EP 2491181B1 EP 09806080 A EP09806080 A EP 09806080A EP 2491181 B1 EP2491181 B1 EP 2491181B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- low oxygen
- asphalt
- gases
- drum
- oxygen gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims description 210
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 268
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001624 sedative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
- E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
- E01C19/1004—Reconditioning or reprocessing bituminous mixtures, e.g. salvaged paving, fresh patching mixtures grown unserviceable; Recycling salvaged bituminous mixtures; Apparatus for the in-plant recycling thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
- E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
- E01C19/1013—Plant characterised by the mode of operation or the construction of the mixing apparatus; Mixing apparatus
- E01C19/1027—Mixing in a rotary receptacle
- E01C19/1036—Mixing in a rotary receptacle for in-plant recycling or for reprocessing, e.g. adapted to receive and reprocess an addition of salvaged material, adapted to reheat and remix cooled-down batches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
- E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
- E01C2019/1081—Details not otherwise provided for
- E01C2019/109—Mixing containers having a counter flow drum, i.e. the flow of material is opposite to the gas flow
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
- E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
- E01C2019/1081—Details not otherwise provided for
- E01C2019/1095—Mixing containers having a parallel flow drum, i.e. the flow of material is parallel to the gas flow
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of bituminous mixtures according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a plant for the production of bituminous mixtures according to the preamble of claim 11.
- the invention is particularly directed to the reuse of reclaimed asphalt, which accrues during the reconstruction and dismantling of asphalt roads and due to legal requirements, including the Kreislauf insects- and waste law, an orderly reuse is supplied.
- the reuse should be carried out at least as a building material, but primarily with reactivation of the binder bitumen in newly mixed asphalt.
- Degraded asphalt for example, mastic asphalt or demolition asphalt, is thereby comminuted into asphalt granulate and mixed with a predefinable particle size distribution and according to the classification in a defined amount together with aggregates and bitumen.
- fresh solids such as gravel, sand and mineral powder, also referred to as fillers or fillers, understood, which have a defined grain size composition and are used with a predetermined amount.
- asphalt granules are heated and dried by contact with fresh aggregates in the mixer.
- the aggregates must therefore be heated correspondingly higher, usually heated above 200 ° C, in order to achieve the heating and drying of the asphalt granules and the required for the installation and compaction of the asphalt mix mixed product temperature of about 160 to 180 ° C.
- the addition amount of the asphalt granules is a maximum of 30%.
- the asphalt granules can be added via a center addition or an addition device on the drum outlet.
- the mixture of aggregates and asphalt granules is then fed through a sieve bypass bag to the mixing device, for example a mixing tower.
- a sieve bypass bag to the mixing device, for example a mixing tower.
- a separate heating of asphalt granules can be carried out separately from the aggregates in a parallel drum.
- a maximum temperature of 130 ° C should be maintained.
- a warming to about 110 ° C is preferred.
- Higher temperatures in the drum devices or mixers cause an intensive aging of the bitumen and a deterioration of its thermoplastic properties.
- a method and a drying drum for heating and drying asphalt granules are known in which a separate hot gas generation is carried out in a hot gas generator. This should set a maximum hot gas temperature of 600C.
- a special Guiding the hot gas and the asphalt granules within the drum a gentle warming sought, which should prevent cracking of the bitumen-containing asphalt granules and minimize the accumulation of pollutants.
- EP 0 216 316 A2 describes a process for the recycling of asphalt granules, in which aggregates and asphalt granules are heated and dried in two separate drum dryers and then mixed together with additional filler and bitumen in a mixer to form recycling mix. The recycled mix is immediately fed to further processing or caching for on-demand removal. Temperatures are not specified in this document. Reference is made only to the relevant provisions and to a significant increase in the viscosity of the bitumen as a result of overheating of the aggregates. The heating of the asphalt granulate in the drying drum with directly connected burner takes place in cocurrent, and the exhaust gases are fed back to the burner of the drum dryer for the aggregates as secondary and tertiary air.
- A1 known method is heated expansion asphalt in a separate drum by flue gas.
- Gentle heating of the spent asphalt to prevent thermal overheating of the bitumen is to be achieved by passing the hot flue gas co-currently with the expansion asphalt material stream through the drum and also part of the flue gas of the drum exiting the drum at about 170 ° C burner side is fed back to lower the flue gas temperature and thus the temperature difference between the dismantling asphalt and flue gas can continue.
- the non-recirculated flue gas is passed through a second drum in which the aggregates are transported in countercurrent.
- a plant for drying and heating granulated material for asphalt production which comprises a rotary drying drum for drying and heating the aggregates and the asphalt granulate and a hot gas generator for supplying a hot gas flow.
- a hot gas generator for supplying a hot gas flow.
- the particles and fines from the exhaust gas to be deposited in a sedative drum and then added to the material flow of recycled asphalt and aggregates.
- the exhaust gas flow, which is returned to the hot gas generator, should preferably be enriched with oxygen-rich fresh air.
- the reduced plasticity of the bitumen in the expansion asphalt by thermal aging adjusted by a plasticizer.
- a curing agent preferably in the warm phase of the mixture.
- reclaimed asphalt is usually heated up to 130 to 140 ° C in compliance with the air conditioning environmental specifications and the aggregates or the new minerals would have to be heated significantly above 200 ° C with the addition of about 50% expansion asphalt.
- the degree of oxidation (aging) of the bitumen in the reclaimed asphalt is related to the heating degree of the asphalt granules limited to 140 ° C considered in the reuse of spent asphalts and production of asphalt blends.
- the burners and / or hot gas generators used in the drying drums are operated with burners with fossil fuels, and an exhaust gas recycling is carried out, in which up to 50% of the exhaust gas flow is fed back to a hot gas generator.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a system which ensure the production of asphalt mix in the required quality even with reuse of up to 100% expansion asphalt and greatly improve the efficiency of asphalt production, in particular by saving raw materials and heating energy ,
- the drying and heating of the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates carried out in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
- the oxygen-poor atmosphere is characterized by an oxygen content of 0 to 10%, preferably by an oxygen content of 0 to a maximum of 5%.
- the invention is based on the recognition that by a low-oxygen atmosphere in the drying and heating of the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates, even in the promotion of heated and dried asphalt granulate or the heated and dried mixture of asphalt granules and aggregates and when mixed with bitumen prevents in a mixing device, oxidation of the bitumen in the asphalt granules and also in the fresh bitumen, but at least reduced, so that the thermoplastic properties of the bitumen are not adversely affected.
- an increase in temperature of the asphalt granulate or of the mixture of asphalt granulate and aggregates is observed to a temperature level in the range of 180 to 200 ° C, and this temperature level advantageously ensures the production of bituminous mixtures, even with the sole reuse of recycling asphalt or with 100% asphalt granulate, with less addition of new bitumen, and without fresh aggregates.
- oxygen-poor atmosphere according to the invention during drying and heating in at least one drum device and in the promotion and also when mixing with new bitumen in a mixing device is achieved by means of oxygen-poor gases, which according to the invention an oxygen content of not more than 10% and preferably an oxygen content of not more than 5 %, so that the oxygen content may preferably be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% or 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10%.
- oxygen-poor gases are understood in the context of the invention, in particular low-oxygen process gases or exhaust gases of various technical processes.
- asphalt granules and / or aggregates are heated and dried with the aid of oxygen-poor gases having a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C and then conveyed to a mixing device and that to ensure a low-oxygen atmosphere in the promotion and the Mixing by means of cold oxygen-poor gases having a temperature in the range of about 20 to about 150 ° C, or by means of cooled oxygen-poor gases having a temperature of about 150 to 300 ° C, mixing the hot oxygen-poor gases with cold oxygen-poor gases or a Cooling of the hot oxygen-poor gases is performed.
- the storage bin or silos before and / or after the mixing device are charged with oxygen-poor gases.
- combustion air can be mixed with oxygen-poor gases, for example exhaust gas, up to 100%.
- hot low-oxygen gases which have been produced by combustion indirectly, for example in heat exchangers, and / or directly by mixing with cold oxygen-poor gases up to a temperature in the range from 1000 to 400 ° C., preferably 900 to 600 ° C. to cool.
- the cold and hot oxygen-poor gases can come from different sources or production sites.
- Particularly efficient and environmentally advantageous is the use of low-oxygen gases, which in technical processes as by-product or waste product, expediently incurred outside the production of asphalt.
- the nitrogen obtained in metallurgical processes from air separation plants or oxygen-poor gases from gas-tight boiler plants, oxy-fuel plants and furnaces, for example glass or metal production can be used for the production of the oxygen-poor atmosphere according to the invention in the production of asphalt mixtures.
- Cold oxygen-poor gases can advantageously be brought to a higher temperature indirectly, for example in heat exchangers, or directly by mixing with hot, oxygen-poor gases.
- the use of low-oxygen gases from processes and production facilities outside the production of asphalt is not only advantageous for the production of asphalt, but also means an improved economic efficiency of the technical processes and plants in which the oxygen-poor gases are produced.
- An improved efficiency in the production of asphalt is advantageously achieved in that the partial flows of oxygen-poor gases from the individual facilities can be combined and fed to an exhaust gas purification and that a return to the equipment before and / or after the exhaust gas purification can take place.
- cold, oxygen-poor gases are advantageously supplied for sealing the drum devices and / or conveying devices and / or silo devices and / or mixing devices and the connection points between these devices and in the area of the material inlet and outlet devices, in particular the drum devices. Seals of this type are especially in areas between the rotating and fixed parts of the drum devices.
- the oxygen-poor gases are formed and / or used at a positive pressure, for example at about 0.005 to 300 mbar, in particular up to 100 mbar, in a drum device and hot gas generator with burner, wherein a gas suction is carried out in the sealing and connecting regions can be and the extracted gas can be supplied to the burner of the drum device as a primary air fraction and / or the exhaust gas purification and / or a chimney.
- a positive pressure for example at about 0.005 to 300 mbar, in particular up to 100 mbar
- the oxygen-lean gases are at least partially supplied to an exhaust gas purification with dewatering and then used as cold oxygen-poor gases and used for example for sealing the drum devices, conveyors, mixing devices and / or silo devices.
- the plant according to the invention for the production of bituminous mixtures which has at least one drum device for heating and drying asphalt granules of expanded asphalt and / or virgin material in the form of aggregates and a mixing device for mixing the heated and dried asphalt granules and / or aggregates with bitumen, is provided with at least one Equipped for low-oxygen gases, in which the oxygen-poor gases having an oxygen content of at most 10%, advantageously formed with a maximum oxygen content of 5% and / or from which the oxygen-poor gases of at least one drum device can be supplied.
- At least the drum devices and advantageously also the conveying devices, silo devices and the mixing device are gas-tight and provided with seals which prevent false air volumes and a higher oxygen content in the devices.
- the system of the invention differs from the known system variants, which have an oxygen content of 10% to about 16% due to high amounts of false air in the exhaust gases.
- a drying and heating drum which asphalt granules and / or the aggregates are fed in countercurrent or in parallel to the hot oxygen-poor gases
- a countercurrent drum for the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates or a parallel drum are used for the asphalt granulate
- the mixing devices may be mixing towers, drum mixers or continuous mixers.
- the source of the low-oxygen gases used may be the off-gas from the asphalt mixing plant or waste and by-products from technical processes and operations outside the asphalt mixing plant.
- the low-oxygen gases from the asphalt production process and the low-oxygen gases from coal milling and drying can be used at least proportionally and be used both in the plant for asphalt production and coal milling, for example, for firing the asphalt production plant. This increases the economic efficiency of both processes.
- a hot gas generator in particular with a steel combustion chamber, for the production of hot, oxygen-poor gases.
- This may have a burner for gaseous, liquid and / or solid fuels.
- the hot gas generator may have a gas mixer for mixing cold, low-oxygen gases, for example, from the exhaust gas purification, and the hot, low-oxygen gases of the burner.
- the hot gas generator is a Loesche LOMA furnace which is provided with a Loesche perforated jacket (LOMA) furnace
- cold, low-oxygen gases may be supplied to the shell for mixing with the generated hot, low-oxygen exhaust gases.
- a hot gas generator with Lochmantelfeuerung is connected to a countercurrent drum as a drum means for drying and heating for asphalt granules and / or aggregates.
- the hot, low-oxygen gases from the Loesche hot gas generator are transported countercurrent to the asphalt granules and / or aggregates in the countercurrent drum and an internal recirculation circuit of the volatile hydrocarbon compounds forms from the bitumen.
- concentrations of the volatile hydrocarbon compounds in the drum increase 5 to 15 times as compared to a parallel drum.
- Fig. 1 is shown a plant scheme for the production of asphalt mix, which is fed with cold oxygen-poor gases from a source 3.
- the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 have an oxygen content in the range of 0 to 5%, for example 2% oxygen.
- the cold, oxygen-poor gases 2 can arise in technical processes outside of asphalt production, and be, for example, exhaust gases from glass or metal production.
- a drying and heating drum 4 as one of the possible drum means for heating and drying asphalt granules 5 from reclaimed asphalt and / or virgin material in the form of aggregates 7, a conveyor 6, for example a heat elevator, silo devices 18, 19 and a mixer 8 - recognize.
- the dried and heated material from the drying and heating drum 4 is fed to a silo device 18, from which the mixture of asphalt granules 5 and / or aggregates 7 in a defined proportion with bitumen 9, which heats with the aid of an oiler 31 is, mixed.
- the installable asphalt mixture 10 can be installed immediately or initially fed to a silo 19.
- a portion of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 is heated in a gas heater 15 by means of a heat source 37 to a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C and proportionally abandoned the drying and heating drum 4.
- the flow guidance in the drying and heating drum 4 takes place in countercurrent to the asphalt granulate 5 and / or aggregates 7.
- a portion of the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 from the gas heater 15 thus provides in the drying and heating drum 4 for a low-oxygen atmosphere, while another proportion is mixed with a partial flow of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and the conveyor 6, the silo devices 18, 19 and the mixing device 8 for producing a low-oxygen atmosphere in these investment facilities is supplied.
- the flow guidance within the silo devices 18, 19 and in the mixing device 8 takes place in parallel flow.
- the heat source 37 for example, an electric heater can be used. It is also a direct or indirect heating of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 in hot oxygen-poor gases 12 possible.
- the oxygen-poor gases from the conveyor 6, the Silo devices 18, 19 and the mixing device 8 are collected and fed to an exhaust gas purification 11.
- Fig. 2 shows the plant schematic of an alternative plant for producing asphalt mix 10, wherein asphalt granules 5 and / or aggregates 7 are in turn transported in a drying and heating drum 4 in countercurrent to hot oxygen-poor gases 12.
- the conveying device 6, silo devices 18, 19, mixing device 8, the oil heater 31 for the temperature control of the bitumen 9 before mixing in the mixing device 8 are in line with the device of the system Fig. 1 match.
- the hot low-oxygen gases 32 from a source 13 outside the asphalt mixing plant have a temperature> 1000 ° C and are either directly or, as in Fig. 2 shown, cooled in a gas cooler 16 to a temperature in the range of 1000 to 500 ° C and then proportionally abandoned the drying and heating drum 4 and passed in countercurrent to the transport of the asphalt granules 5 and / or aggregates 7.
- the gas cooler 16 can be operated, for example, with a cooling medium, for example water.
- a proportion of the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 from the gas cooler 16 is as cooled oxygen-poor gases 22 having a temperature in the range of 150 to 300 ° C the conveyor 6, the silo devices 18, 19 and the mixing device 8 for producing a low-oxygen atmosphere having an oxygen content of a maximum of 10%, in particular 5% supplied. After these facilities, the partial flows of the oxygen-poor gases are collected and passed to the exhaust gas purification 11.
- the plant after Fig. 3 is based on hot oxygen-poor gases 32 having an oxygen content of at most 5% and a temperature of about 1400 ° C.
- hot oxygen-poor gases 32 are technical processes outside the asphalt production and asphalt mixing plant in question, especially a combustion of fossil fuels.
- the hot oxygen-poor gases 32 are mixed in a gas mixer 17 with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and passed as hot oxygen-poor gases 12 at a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C proportionately in the drying and heating drum 4.
- Another part of the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 is mixed with a proportion of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and the conveyor 6 in countercurrent, the silo devices 18, 19 and fed to the mixing device 8 in parallel flow.
- Parts of the oxygen-poor gases from the conveyor 6, the silo devices 18, 19 and the mixing device 8 and from the exhaust gas purification 11, which are denoted by Q1, Q2 and Q3, are returned to the gas mixer 17, whereby the energy efficiency is increased.
- the remaining gas streams from the devices 4, 6, 18, 19, 8 and 10 are combined and fed to the exhaust gas purification 11.
- the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas purification 11 are used, preferably after a first purification stage, as source 3 for cold oxygen-poor gases 2.
- An exhaust gas recycling value of 50 to 100% is achieved.
- the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 are used with an overpressure of about 0.01 mbar to about 50 mbar.
- the temperature of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 is preferably in the range of 100 to 150 ° C. This is associated with reduced emissions in the production of asphalt mix and at the same time efficient heat utilization.
- Fig. 4 shows a plant for the production of bituminous mixture with a source 3 for cold oxygen-poor gases 2, which are supplied by means of a blower 38 a hot gas generator 20.
- the hot gas generator 20 comprises a burner 21 for gaseous, liquid and / or solid fuels and a combustion chamber 28 for the production of hot oxygen-poor gases 32 having an oxygen content of about 3% and a temperature of about 1400 ° C.
- These hot oxygen-poor gases 32 are mixed in a gas mixer 17 with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and cooled to hot oxygen-poor gases 12 to a temperature in the range of 1000 to 500 ° C. After the gas mixer 17, the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 are fed to the drying and heating drum 4.
- a partial flow is branched off and mixed with the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and fed to the conveyor 6, the silo devices 18, 19 and the mixing device 8. Subsequently, all partial flows of the oxygen-poor gases are collected again and fed to the exhaust gas purification 11.
- hot low-oxygen gases 32 are produced in a hot gas generator 20.
- the low-oxygen gases 32 produced in the hot gas generator 20 are mixed in a gas mixer 17 with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 from a source 3, and the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 from the gas mixer 17 become part of the drying and heating drum 4 and another part cold oxygen-poor gases 2 mixed and then fed to the conveyor 6 and the other means for securing a low-oxygen atmosphere.
- the entire drying and heating process takes place at an overpressure of about 20 mbar, which is why the drying and heating drum 4 is equipped with seals 35, for example drum seals, from which the oxygen-poor gases sucked off and the blower 40 for combustion in the burner 21 of the hot gas generator 20 are supplied.
- seals 35 for example drum seals
- the system according to Fig. 6 is operated with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 from a source 3, which are heated or mixed in a hot gas generator 20 with gas mixer 17 to hot oxygen-poor gases 12.
- a portion of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 from the source 3 is supplied to the seals 35 of the drying and heating drum 4, which is operated by means of a blower 41 in the negative pressure with 0.5 to 2 mbar.
- the drying and heating drum 4 is driven in the negative pressure and the seals 35 are also acted upon with cold oxygen-poor gases 2, a false air intrusion is prevented.
- the drying and heating drum 4 and the other equipment are gas-tight.
- material inlet 33 and material outlet 34 rotary valves can be used (see also Fig. 7 ), which in vacuum operation of the drying and heating drum 4 a supply and in the overpressure operation of the drying and heating drum 4 ensure extraction of oxygen-poor gases 2.
- Fig. 7 shows a system with a drying and heating drum 4, which is operated at an overpressure of 0.005 to 3 mbar.
- a blower 40 for supplying the burner 21 of the hot gas generator 20 in addition to fresh air 39 sucks oxygen-poor gases 2 from the seals 35 of the drying and heating drum 4 and from the material inlet 33 and material outlet 34 and supplies them to the combustion process in the hot gas generator 20.
- Both the hot gas generator 20 and the drying and heating drum 4 operate in the overpressure mode.
- source 3 for the cold oxygen poor Gases 2 is the exhaust gas of the system after at least one stage of the exhaust gas purification 11th
- the system according to Fig. 8 shows a gas-tight drying and heating drum 4, which is operated by means of a blower 41 at a negative pressure of 0.5 to 2 mbar.
- the seals 35 and the material inlet 33 and material outlet 34 are supplied with oxygen-poor gases 2 in order to prevent a false air entry.
- the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 from a source 3 are supplied by means of a blower 38 to the gas mixer 17 of the hot gas generator 20 and the hot oxygen-poor gases 12 proportionately fed to the drying and heating drum 4. Another part is mixed with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and then passed to the other facilities 6, 8, 18, 19 of the system.
- Fig. 9 shows a system diagram in which cold oxygen-poor gases 2 after the exhaust gas purification 11 by means of a blower 38 a hot gas generator 20 with gas mixer 17 are supplied. 20 to 30% of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2, preferably 25 to 30%, are fed to a muffle 28 of the hot gas generator 20 and 10 to 20% of the cold oxygen-poor gases 2, preferably 15 to 20%, are fed to the primary air 39 of the burner 21. This is advantageously associated with a reduction in NO x emissions.
- the blower 40 for the burner 21 of the hot gas generator 20 sucks in addition to the combustion air 39 and oxygen-poor gases 2, 12 from the seals 35 of the drying and heating drum 4 and from the material inlet 33 and material outlet 34 at.
- a second stage 23 of the exhaust gas purification, the remaining exhaust gases can be supplied.
- the plant after Fig. 10 is operated with two drum devices 14, 24. Both drum devices 14, 24 operate in an oxygen-poor atmosphere.
- hot low-oxygen gases from a source 13 with a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C and an oxygen content of about 3% of a countercurrent drum 24 in countercurrent to asphalt granules 5 and 7 aggregates supplied.
- the heated and dried material from the counterflow drum 24 is fed by means of a conveyor 6, such as a H facedelevators, the mixing device 8.
- asphalt granules 5 which in a parallel drum 14 with help is heated by hot oxygen-poor gases 12 from a source 43 and at a temperature in the range of 300 to 1000 ° C and dried, in the mixing device 8 and is mixed with bitumen 9 to form a mountable asphalt mixture 10.
- the partial flows of the oxygen-poor gases from the installation devices 6, 8, 18, 19 are in turn fed to an exhaust gas purification 11.
- the plant after Fig. 11 comprises two drum means 14, 24, namely a countercurrent drum 24 for heating and drying asphalt granules 5 and aggregates 7 and a parallel drum 14 for heating and drying 100% asphalt granules 5.
- the parallel drum 14 is like the plant after Fig. 10 operated with hot oxygen-poor gases 12 at a temperature of 500 to 1000 ° C in the vacuum, the corresponding seals and loading of the material inlet and material outlet are not shown.
- the hot oxygen-lean gases 12 from a source 13 are proportionally mixed with cold oxygen-poor gases 2 from the exhaust gas purification 11 and cooled to a temperature in the range of 100 to 200 ° C, then to produce the oxygen-poor atmosphere in the conveyor 6, in the silo devices 18, 19 and mixing device 8 to serve.
- the partial flows of the oxygen-poor gases from the facilities of the system are collected and fed to a cooler 27 for water separation and then an exhaust gas purification 11, which serves as a source for the cold oxygen-poor gases 2 and thus ensures a favorable exhaust gas recycling.
- Fig. 12 shows as part of a plant for the production of bituminous mixture a countercurrent drum 24 in which asphalt granules 5 and aggregates 7 are heated in countercurrent with hot oxygen-poor gases 12 and dried.
- the hot oxygen lean gases 12 may preferably be generated in a hot gas generator 20 with Loesche-Lochmantel (LOMA) firing.
- LOMA Loesche-Lochmantel
- the countercurrent causes an internal circulation of the volatile bitumen constituents from the asphalt granulate 5, in that these constituents evaporate at the hot end of the drum and condense at the cold end of the drum.
- the internal concentration of volatile bitumen constituents increases to 5 to 15 times compared to a parallel drum.
- Advantageous is an improved contact between the bitumen and the solids, which increases the quality of the new ready-to-install asphalt mixture 10.
- a seal 35 is provided, which is designed in such a way that it can be exposed to cold, oxygen-poor gases 2.
- the exhaust gases from the countercurrent drum 24 and from the seals 35 are fed to an exhaust gas purification 11.
- the outlet 34 for the ready-to-install asphalt mixture 10 takes place in the feed area of the hot oxygen-poor gases 12.
- asphalt granulate 5 can be heated and dried from expansion asphalt, thus achieving 100% asphalt recycling.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Asphaltmischgut gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Anlage zum Herstellen von Asphaltmischgut gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 11.The invention relates to a process for the production of bituminous mixtures according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a plant for the production of bituminous mixtures according to the preamble of
Die Erfindung ist insbesondere auf die Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt gerichtet, welcher beim Umbau und Rückbau von Asphaltstraßen anfällt und aufgrund rechtlicher Vorgaben, unter anderem des Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetzes, einer geordneten Wiederverwendung zuzuführen ist. Die Wiederverwendung sollte aus ökonomischen und ökologischen Gründen zumindest als Baustoff, vorrangig jedoch unter Reaktivierung des Bindemittels Bitumen in neu gemischtem Asphalt erfolgen. Ausbauasphalt, beispielsweise Fräsasphalt oder Aufbruchasphalt, wird dabei zu Asphaltgranulat zerkleinert und mit einer vorgebbaren Stückgrößenverteilung und entsprechend der Klassifizierung in einer definierten Menge zusammen mit Gesteinskörnungen und Bitumen gemischt.The invention is particularly directed to the reuse of reclaimed asphalt, which accrues during the reconstruction and dismantling of asphalt roads and due to legal requirements, including the Kreislaufwirtschafts- and waste law, an orderly reuse is supplied. For economic and ecological reasons, the reuse should be carried out at least as a building material, but primarily with reactivation of the binder bitumen in newly mixed asphalt. Degraded asphalt, for example, mastic asphalt or demolition asphalt, is thereby comminuted into asphalt granulate and mixed with a predefinable particle size distribution and according to the classification in a defined amount together with aggregates and bitumen.
Unter Gesteinskörnungen werden in diesem Zusammenhang frische Feststoffe, wie Schotter, Sand und Mineralpulver, auch als Füllstoffe oder Füller bezeichnet, verstanden, welche eine definierte Korngrößenzusammensetzung aufweisen und mit einer vorgebbaren Menge eingesetzt werden.Under aggregates in this context fresh solids, such as gravel, sand and mineral powder, also referred to as fillers or fillers, understood, which have a defined grain size composition and are used with a predetermined amount.
Der Deutsche Asphaltverband e.V. beschreibt in der Internet-Veröffentlichung "
Grundsätzlich erfolgt bei der Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut unter Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt in Form von Asphaltgranulat eine Erhitzung und Trocknung von Gesteinskörnungen und Asphaltgranulat in wenigstens einer Trommeleinrichtung, wobei als Wärmequelle Heißgase dienen, welche im Gegenstrom oder im Parallelstrom zu den zu erhitzenden Gesteinskörnungen und/oder Asphaltgranulat geführt werden. Danach erfolgt die Förderung, beispielsweise mit Förderbändern oder Heißelevatoren, eine Klassifizierung der Gesteinskörnungen und Mischung mit Asphaltgranulat und mit erhitztem Bitumen in Mischeinrichtungen, beispielsweise in einem Flügelmischer, eine Silierung, insbesondere in Heiß-Siloanlagen. Durch eine derartige Vormischung soll eine Verhärtung des neuen Bindemittels vermieden werden.Basically, in the production of bituminous mixture with reuse of recycling asphalt in the form of asphalt granules heating and drying of aggregates and asphalt granules in at least one drum device, serve as a heat source hot gases, which led in countercurrent or in parallel to the rock granules to be heated and / or asphalt granules become. Thereafter, the promotion takes place, for example, with conveyor belts or heat elevators, a classification of the aggregates and mixing with asphalt granules and with heated bitumen in mixing equipment, for example in a wing mixer, an ensiling, especially in hot silos. By such a premix hardening of the new binder should be avoided.
Beim Kaltverfahren wird Asphaltgranulat durch den Kontakt mit frischen Gesteinskörnungen in der Mischeinrichtung erhitzt und getrocknet. Die Gesteinskörnungen müssen deshalb entsprechend höher aufgeheizt, in aller Regel über 200°C erhitzt werden, um die Erhitzung und Trocknung des Asphaltgranulats und die für den Einbau und Verdichtung des Asphaltmischguts erforderliche Mischguttemperatur von etwa 160 bis 180°C zu erreichen. Bei diesem Verfahren beträgt die Zugabemenge des Asphaltgranulats maximal 30%. Neben dieser geringen Zugabe von Asphaltgranulat besteht ein weiterer Nachteil in der Notwendigkeit, die heißen Gesteinskörnungen mit dem kalten Asphaltgranulat vorzumischen und erst nach Abbau des Wärmeüberschusses der Gesteinskörnungen bei gleichzeitiger Trocknung und Erwärmung des Asphaltgranulats das neue Bindemittel Bitumen zuzugeben. Neben der thermischen Überbelastung von der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel und dem Heißelevator führt dieses Verfahren zu Unregelmäßigkeiten im Betrieb der Abgasreinigungssysteme. Bei der Erhitzung und Trocknung von Asphaltgranulat in einer Mischanlage entstehen diskontinuierlich, beispielsweise im 60-Sekunden-Takt, wesentliche Mengen an Dämpfen die in das Abgassystem geleitet werden. Hierdurch ändert sich intermittierend die Abgasmenge erheblich. Somit muss das Abgassystem mit dem maximal möglichen Abgasvolumenstrom, also inklusive der maximal möglichen Menge an Dämpfen, kontinuierlich betrieben werden. In den Zeiten, in denen keine Dämpfe anfallen, werden erhebliche Mengen an Falschluft in das System gezogen. Hierdurch wird der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Anlage verschlechtert.In the cold process, asphalt granules are heated and dried by contact with fresh aggregates in the mixer. The aggregates must therefore be heated correspondingly higher, usually heated above 200 ° C, in order to achieve the heating and drying of the asphalt granules and the required for the installation and compaction of the asphalt mix mixed product temperature of about 160 to 180 ° C. In this method, the addition amount of the asphalt granules is a maximum of 30%. In addition to this small addition of asphalt granules, there is a further disadvantage in the need to premix the hot aggregates with the cold asphalt granules and add the new binder bitumen only after reducing the excess heat of the aggregates with simultaneous drying and heating of the asphalt granules. In addition to the thermal overload of the drying and heating drum and the heat elevator, this process leads to irregularities in the operation of the exhaust gas purification systems. In the heating and drying of asphalt granules in a mixing plant arise intermittently, for example, in 60-second intervals, significant amounts of vapors are passed into the exhaust system. This intermittently changes the amount of exhaust gas considerably. Thus, the exhaust system with the maximum possible exhaust gas volume flow, including the maximum possible amount of vapors, must be operated continuously. In times when no fumes are generated, significant amounts of false air are drawn into the system. As a result, the overall efficiency of the system is deteriorated.
In der vorgenannten Veröffentlichung des Deutschen Asphaltverbandes e.V. sind weitere anlagentechnische Schemata und Verfahren zur Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt beschrieben. Bei Gegenstromtrommeln kann die Zugabe des Asphaltgranulates über eine Mittenzugabe oder durch eine Zugabevorrichtung am Trommelauslauf erfolgen.In the aforementioned publication of the German Asphalt Association eV are more technical equipment schemes and methods for the reuse of expanded asphalt described. For countercurrent drums, the asphalt granules can be added via a center addition or an addition device on the drum outlet.
Das Gemisch aus Gesteinskörnungen und Asphaltgranulat wird danach über eine Siebumgehungstasche der Mischeinrichtung, beispielsweise einem Mischturm, zugeführt. Mit diesen Verfahren sollen Zugabemengen von etwa 40% Ausbauasphalt möglich sein.The mixture of aggregates and asphalt granules is then fed through a sieve bypass bag to the mixing device, for example a mixing tower. With these methods, addition amounts of about 40% of recycled asphalt should be possible.
Für eine entsprechende Realisierung wird eine aufwendige Doppelmanteltrommel benötigt.For a corresponding realization, a complicated double-jacket drum is required.
Eine gesonderte Erwärmung von Asphaltgranulat kann getrennt von den Gesteinskörnungen in einer Paralleltrommel erfolgen. Zur Schonung des Bindemittels des Asphaltgranulats und auch zur Begrenzung der Emissionen des Bindemittels soll eine Temperatur von maximal 130°C eingehalten werden. Bevorzugt wird eine Aufwärmung auf etwa 110°C. Höhere Temperaturen in den Trommeleinrichtungen oder Mischeinrichtungen bewirken eine intensive Alterung des Bitumens und eine Verschlechterung seiner thermoplastischen Eigenschaften.A separate heating of asphalt granules can be carried out separately from the aggregates in a parallel drum. In order to protect the binder of the asphalt granulate and also to limit the emissions of the binder, a maximum temperature of 130 ° C should be maintained. A warming to about 110 ° C is preferred. Higher temperatures in the drum devices or mixers cause an intensive aging of the bitumen and a deterioration of its thermoplastic properties.
Bei Durchlaufmischanlagen, bei welchen der Mischvorgang der Gesteinskörnungen und des Asphaltgranulats kontinuierlich in einer Trommel oder in einem nachgeschalteten Durchlaufmischer erfolgt, und das Asphaltgranulat zuvor gemeinsam mit den Gesteinskörnungen in einem Trommelmischer oder aber gesondert in einer Paralleltrommel erhitzt wird, sollen Zugabemengen bis ca. 50% Asphaltgranulat möglich sein.In continuous mixing plants, in which the mixing process of the aggregates and the Asphaltgranulats continuously in a drum or in a downstream continuous mixer, and the Asphaltgranulat is previously heated together with the aggregates in a drum mixer or separately in a parallel drum, addition levels should be up to 50% Asphalt granules may be possible.
Grundsätzlich ist die Zugabe von Asphaltgranulat zu neuen Gesteinskörnungen in einer Trommeleinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Trockentrommel, aus genannten verfahrenstechnischen Gründen mengenmäßig begrenzt. Wesentliche Aspekte sind dabei eine Überhitzung des Asphaltgranulats, welche zu einer Belastung der Umwelt durch die flüchtigen Bestandteile des Bitumens und/oder zu einer Verkokung des im Asphaltgranulat enthaltenen Bitumens führt.In principle, the addition of asphalt granulate to new aggregates in a drum device, for example a drying drum, is limited in terms of quantity for the stated procedural reasons. Essential aspects are overheating of the asphalt granulate, which leads to a pollution of the environment by the volatile constituents of the bitumen and / or to coking of the bitumen contained in the asphalt granulate.
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Ein Nachteil der bekannte Verfahren und Anlagen für die Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut, insbesondere unter Verwendung von Asphaltgranulat aus Ausbauasphalt, resultiert aus den erheblichen Falschluftmengen. Diese sind anlagentechnisch bedingt, führen zu einem hohen Sauerstoffgehalt im Heißgas und setzen den Wärmewirkungsgrad der Anlagen herab. In der Regel werden die in den Trocknungstrommeln eingesetzten Brenner und/oder Heißgaserzeuger mit Brenner mit fossilen Brennstoffen betrieben, und es wird ein Abgasrecycling durchgeführt, bei welchem bis zu 50% des Abgasstromes einem Heißgaserzeuger wieder zugeführt werden.A disadvantage of the known processes and plants for the production of bituminous mixtures, in particular using asphalt granules from recycled asphalt, results from the considerable amounts of false air. These are due to plant technology, lead to a high oxygen content in the hot gas and reduce the thermal efficiency of the plants. As a rule, the burners and / or hot gas generators used in the drying drums are operated with burners with fossil fuels, and an exhaust gas recycling is carried out, in which up to 50% of the exhaust gas flow is fed back to a hot gas generator.
Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Verfahren und Anlagen ist die verfahrens- und anlagentechnisch begrenzte Zugabemenge an Ausbauasphalt für Asphaltierungen, wodurch die Asphaltindustrie den ständig steigenden Forderungen nach einer besseren Straßeninfrastruktur unter möglichst vollständigen und qualitativ hohen Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt nicht im erforderlichen Maße gerecht werden kann.Another disadvantage of the known methods and equipment is the procedurally and plant technically limited addition amount of reclaimed asphalt for asphalting, whereby the asphalt industry can not meet the ever increasing demands for a better road infrastructure with as complete and high quality reuse of reclaimed asphalt as required.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zu schaffen, welche die Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut in der erforderlichen Qualität auch bei Wiederverwendung von bis zu 100% Ausbauasphalt gewährleisten und die Effektivität der Asphaltherstellung, insbesondere durch Einsparung von Rohstoffen und Heizenergie, außerordentlich verbessern.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a system which ensure the production of asphalt mix in the required quality even with reuse of up to 100% expansion asphalt and greatly improve the efficiency of asphalt production, in particular by saving raw materials and heating energy ,
Verfahrensmäßig wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und vorrichtungsmäßig durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 11 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen und in der Figurenbeschreibung enthalten.The method, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and device by the features of
Erfindungsgemäß werden bei dem Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Asphaltmischgutes, bei welchem Ausbauasphalt in Form von Asphaltgranulat und/oder Neumaterial in Form von Gesteinskörnungen in Trommeleinrichtungen gemeinsam und/oder getrennt erhitzt und getrocknet und danach in einer Mischeinrichtung mit Bitumen und gegebenenfalls weiteren Zusätzen zu einer einbaubaren Asphaltmischung gemischt werden, die Trocknung und Erhitzung des Asphaltgranulats und/oder der Gesteinskörnungen in einer sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre durchgeführt. Dabei ist die sauerstoffarme Atmosphäre durch einen Sauerstoffgehalt von 0 bis 10%, vorzugsweise durch einen Sauerstoffgehalt von 0 bis maximal 5%, gekennzeichnet.According to the invention, in the process for producing a bituminous mixture in which expansion asphalt in the form of asphalt granulate and / or virgin material in the form of aggregates in drum devices are heated and dried together and / or separately and then in a mixing device with bitumen and optionally other additives are mixed into a mountable asphalt mixture, the drying and heating of the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates carried out in an oxygen-poor atmosphere. The oxygen-poor atmosphere is characterized by an oxygen content of 0 to 10%, preferably by an oxygen content of 0 to a maximum of 5%.
Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass durch eine sauerstoffarme Atmosphäre bei der Trocknung und Erhitzung des Asphaltgranulats und/oder der Gesteinskörnungen, auch bei der Förderung des erhitzten und getrockneten Asphaltgranulats beziehungsweise der erhitzten und getrockneten Mischung aus Asphaltgranulat und Gesteinskörnungen sowie beim Vermischen mit Bitumen in einer Mischeinrichtung, eine Oxidation des Bitumens im Asphaltgranulat und auch im frischen Bitumen verhindert, zumindest aber verringert wird, so dass die thermoplastischen Eigenschaften des Bitumens nicht nachteilig verändert werden.The invention is based on the recognition that by a low-oxygen atmosphere in the drying and heating of the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates, even in the promotion of heated and dried asphalt granulate or the heated and dried mixture of asphalt granules and aggregates and when mixed with bitumen prevents in a mixing device, oxidation of the bitumen in the asphalt granules and also in the fresh bitumen, but at least reduced, so that the thermoplastic properties of the bitumen are not adversely affected.
Es wurde erkannt, dass allein eine Temperaturerhöhung auf bis zu 250 oder 300°C keine relevante Schädigung des Bitumens, insbesondere im Ausbauasphalt beziehungsweise Asphaltgranulat hervorruft. So wird bei der Herstellung von Bitumen in Raffinerien ein gezieltes Oxidationsverfahren bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 250 bis 270°C über zwei bis zehn Stunden durchgeführt. Ein thermischer Zerfall (Cracken) des Bitumens tritt erst bei Temperaturen über 400°C auf und führt zu einer nachteiligen Verdichtung der Bitumenstruktur mit Änderung der thermoplastischen Eigenschaften des Bitumens. Bei Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff werden die Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen in den aromatischen Ringen des Bitumens aufgebrochen. Ohne Sauerstoff, beziehungsweise mit einem sehr geringen Sauerstoffgehalt in der Atmosphäre, erfolgt keine thermische Umwandlung der Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen des Bitumens. Dies wurde auch für Temperaturen über 200°C, beispielsweise von 200 bis 300°C, festgestellt. Bitumen kann in geschlossenen Behältern dauerhaft bei Temperaturen im Bereich von 200 bis 300°C ohne eine nachteilige Veränderung der thermoplastischen Eigenschaften gelagert werden.It was recognized that only a temperature increase up to 250 or 300 ° C causes no relevant damage to the bitumen, especially in the recycling asphalt or asphalt granules. Thus, in the production of bitumen in refineries, a targeted oxidation process is carried out at temperatures in the range of 250 to 270 ° C for two to ten hours. A thermal decomposition (cracking) of the bitumen occurs only at temperatures above 400 ° C and leads to an adverse compaction of the bitumen structure with a change in the thermoplastic properties of the bitumen. In the presence of oxygen, the hydrocarbon compounds in the aromatic rings of the bitumen are broken up. Without oxygen, or with a very low oxygen content in the atmosphere, there is no thermal conversion of the hydrocarbon compounds of the bitumen. This was also found for temperatures above 200 ° C, for example from 200 to 300 ° C. Bitumen can be stored in closed containers permanently at temperatures in the range of 200 to 300 ° C without adversely changing the thermoplastic properties.
Indem gemäß der Erfindung Asphaltgranulat und/oder Gesteinskörnungen gemeinsam und/oder getrennt in einer oder zwei Trommeleinrichtungen in einer sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre erhitzt und getrocknet werden, wird eine Temperatursteigerung des Asphaltgranulats beziehungsweise der Mischung aus Asphaltgranulat und Gesteinskörnungen auf ein Temperaturniveau im Bereich von 180 bis 200°C ermöglicht, und dieses Temperaturniveau gewährleistet vorteilhaft die Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut, auch unter alleiniger Wiederverwendung von Ausbauasphalt beziehungsweise mit 100% Asphaltgranulat, mit geringerer Zugabe von neuem Bitumen, und ohne frische Gesteinskörnungen.By heating and drying asphalt granules and / or aggregates together and / or separately in one or two drum devices in an oxygen-poor atmosphere according to the invention, an increase in temperature of the asphalt granulate or of the mixture of asphalt granulate and aggregates is observed to a temperature level in the range of 180 to 200 ° C, and this temperature level advantageously ensures the production of bituminous mixtures, even with the sole reuse of recycling asphalt or with 100% asphalt granulate, with less addition of new bitumen, and without fresh aggregates.
Die erfindungsgemäße sauerstoffarme Atmosphäre während der Trocknung und Erhitzung in wenigstens einer Trommeleinrichtung und bei der Förderung und auch beim Vermischen mit neuem Bitumen in einer Mischeinrichtung wird mit Hilfe von sauerstoffarmen Gasen erreicht, welche erfindungsgemäß einen Sauerstoffgehalt von maximal 10% und bevorzugt einen Sauerstoffgehalt von maximal 5% enthalten, so dass der Sauerstoffgehalt bevorzugt 1, 2, 3, 4 oder 5 % oder 6, 7, 8, 9 oder 10% betragen kann.
Unter sauerstoffarmen Gasen werden im Rahmen der Erfindung insbesondere sauerstoffarme Prozessgase oder Abgase verschiedenster technischer Prozesse verstanden.The oxygen-poor atmosphere according to the invention during drying and heating in at least one drum device and in the promotion and also when mixing with new bitumen in a mixing device is achieved by means of oxygen-poor gases, which according to the invention an oxygen content of not more than 10% and preferably an oxygen content of not more than 5 %, so that the oxygen content may preferably be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% or 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10%.
Under oxygen-poor gases are understood in the context of the invention, in particular low-oxygen process gases or exhaust gases of various technical processes.
Es ist vorgesehen, dass Asphaltgranulat und/oder Gesteinskörnungen mit Hilfe sauerstoffarmer Gase, welche eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 1000°C aufweisen, erhitzt und getrocknet und danach zu einer Mischeinrichtung gefördert werden und dass zur Gewährleistung einer sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre bei der Förderung und beim Vermischen mit Hilfe kalter sauerstoffarmer Gase, welche eine Temperatur im Bereich von etwa 20 bis etwa 150°C aufweisen, oder auch mittels abgekühlter sauerstoffarmer Gase mit einer Temperatur von etwa 150 bis 300°C ein Vermischen der heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase mit kalten sauerstoffarmen Gasen beziehungsweise ein Abkühlen der heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase durchgeführt wird.It is envisaged that asphalt granules and / or aggregates are heated and dried with the aid of oxygen-poor gases having a temperature in the range of 500 to 1000 ° C and then conveyed to a mixing device and that to ensure a low-oxygen atmosphere in the promotion and the Mixing by means of cold oxygen-poor gases having a temperature in the range of about 20 to about 150 ° C, or by means of cooled oxygen-poor gases having a temperature of about 150 to 300 ° C, mixing the hot oxygen-poor gases with cold oxygen-poor gases or a Cooling of the hot oxygen-poor gases is performed.
Dabei liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass auch die Vorratsbunker beziehungsweise Silos vor und/oder nach der Mischeinrichtung mit sauerstoffarmen Gasen beschickt werden.It is within the scope of the invention that the storage bin or silos before and / or after the mixing device are charged with oxygen-poor gases.
Die sauerstoffarmen Gase können insbesondere durch Verbrennung von fossilen Brennstoffen mit einem Verbrennungsluftverhältnis, beziehungsweise einer Luftzahl λ = 1,0 bis 2,0, insbesondere λ = 1,0 bis 1,4, gewonnen werden, wobei die Verbrennung innerhalb und/oder außerhalb der Asphaltherstellung beziehungsweise Asphalt-Mischanlage erfolgen kann.The oxygen-poor gases can be obtained in particular by combustion of fossil fuels with a combustion air ratio, or an air ratio λ = 1.0 to 2.0, in particular λ = 1.0 to 1.4, wherein the combustion within and / or outside the Asphalt production or asphalt mixing plant can be done.
Bei größeren Luftzahlen, zum Beispiel ab ca. λ > 1,4; kann die Verbrennungsluft mit sauerstoffarmen Gasen, zum Beispiel Abgas, bis zu 100 % vermischt werden.For larger air numbers, for example from about λ> 1.4; the combustion air can be mixed with oxygen-poor gases, for example exhaust gas, up to 100%.
Es ist von Vorteil, heiße sauerstoffarme Gase, welche durch Verbrennung entstanden sind, indirekt, beispielsweise in Wärmetauschern, und/oder direkt durch Vermischen mit kalten sauerstoffarmen Gasen bis auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 1.000 bis 400°C, bevorzugt 900 bis 600°C, abzukühlen.It is advantageous to produce hot low-oxygen gases which have been produced by combustion indirectly, for example in heat exchangers, and / or directly by mixing with cold oxygen-poor gases up to a temperature in the range from 1000 to 400 ° C., preferably 900 to 600 ° C. to cool.
Grundsätzlich können die kalten und heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase aus unterschiedlichen Quellen beziehungsweise Produktionsstätten stammen. Besonders effizient und auch in ökologischer Hinsicht vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung sauerstoffarmer Gase, welche in technischen Prozessen als Neben- oder Abfallprodukt, zweckmäßigerweise auch außerhalb der Asphaltherstellung, anfallen. Beispielsweise können der in metallurgischen Prozessen anfallende Stickstoff aus Luftzerlegungsanlagen oder sauerstoffarme Gase aus gasdichten Kesselanlagen, Oxi-Fuel-Anlagen und Brennöfen, beispielsweise der Glas- oder Metallproduktion, für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre bei der Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut eingesetzt werden. Kalte sauerstoffarme Gase können vorteilhaft indirekt, beispielsweise in Wärmetauschern, oder direkt durch eine Mischung mit heißen sauerstoffarmen Gasen auf eine höhere Temperatur gebracht werden. Die Verwendung von sauerstoffarmen Gasen aus Prozessen und Produktionsanlagen außerhalb der Asphaltherstellung ist nicht nur vorteilhaft für die Asphaltherstellung, sondern bedeutet auch eine verbesserte Wirtschaftlichkeit der technischen Prozesse und Anlagen, in denen die sauerstoffarmen Gase anfallen. Eine verbesserte Effizienz bei der Asphaltherstellung wird vorteilhafterweise dadurch erreicht, dass die Teilströme der sauerstoffarmen Gase aus den einzelnen Einrichtungen zusammengeführt und einer Abgasreinigung zugeleitet werden können und dass eine Rückführung zu den Anlageneinrichtungen vor und/oder nach der Abgasreinigung erfolgen kann.In principle, the cold and hot oxygen-poor gases can come from different sources or production sites. Particularly efficient and environmentally advantageous is the use of low-oxygen gases, which in technical processes as by-product or waste product, expediently incurred outside the production of asphalt. For example, the nitrogen obtained in metallurgical processes from air separation plants or oxygen-poor gases from gas-tight boiler plants, oxy-fuel plants and furnaces, for example glass or metal production, can be used for the production of the oxygen-poor atmosphere according to the invention in the production of asphalt mixtures. Cold oxygen-poor gases can advantageously be brought to a higher temperature indirectly, for example in heat exchangers, or directly by mixing with hot, oxygen-poor gases. The use of low-oxygen gases from processes and production facilities outside the production of asphalt is not only advantageous for the production of asphalt, but also means an improved economic efficiency of the technical processes and plants in which the oxygen-poor gases are produced. An improved efficiency in the production of asphalt is advantageously achieved in that the partial flows of oxygen-poor gases from the individual facilities can be combined and fed to an exhaust gas purification and that a return to the equipment before and / or after the exhaust gas purification can take place.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden kalte sauerstoffarme Gase vorteilhaft zur Abdichtung der Trommeleinrichtungen und/oder Fördereinrichtungen und/oder Siloeinrichtungen und/oder Mischeinrichtungen und der Verbindungsstellen zwischen diesen Einrichtungen sowie im Bereich der Materialeinlass- und -auslasseinrichtungen, insbesondere der Trommeleinrichtungen, zugeführt. Abdichtungen dieser Art sind insbesondere in Bereichen zwischen den rotierenden und festen Teilen der Trommeleinrichtungen vorzunehmen.Expediently, cold, oxygen-poor gases are advantageously supplied for sealing the drum devices and / or conveying devices and / or silo devices and / or mixing devices and the connection points between these devices and in the area of the material inlet and outlet devices, in particular the drum devices. Seals of this type are especially in areas between the rotating and fixed parts of the drum devices.
Es ist vorteilhaft, dass die sauerstoffarmen Gase bei einem positiven Druck, beispielsweise bei etwa 0,005 bis 300 mbar, insbesondere bis 100 mbar, in einer Trommeleinrichtung und Heißgaserzeuger mit Brenner gebildet und/oder verwendet werden, wobei eine Gasabsaugung in den Dichtungs- und Verbindungsbereichen durchgeführt werden kann und das abgesaugte Gas dem Brenner der Trommeleinrichtung als Primärluftanteil und/oder der Abgasreinigung und/oder einem Kamin zugeführt werden kann. Auf diese Weise werden vorteilhaft die Emissionen von Asphaltanlagen verringert.It is advantageous that the oxygen-poor gases are formed and / or used at a positive pressure, for example at about 0.005 to 300 mbar, in particular up to 100 mbar, in a drum device and hot gas generator with burner, wherein a gas suction is carried out in the sealing and connecting regions can be and the extracted gas can be supplied to the burner of the drum device as a primary air fraction and / or the exhaust gas purification and / or a chimney. In this way, the emissions of asphalt plants are advantageously reduced.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden die sauerstoffarmen Gase wenigstens zum Teil einer Abgasreinigung mit Entwässerung zugeführt und danach als kalte sauerstoffarme Gase eingesetzt und zum Beispiel zur Abdichtung der Trommeleinrichtungen, Fördereinrichtungen, Mischeinrichtungen und/oder Siloeinrichtungen verwendet.Conveniently, the oxygen-lean gases are at least partially supplied to an exhaust gas purification with dewatering and then used as cold oxygen-poor gases and used for example for sealing the drum devices, conveyors, mixing devices and / or silo devices.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anlage zur Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut, welche wenigstens eine Trommeleinrichtung zur Erhitzung und Trocknung von Asphaltgranulat aus Ausbauasphalt und/oder Neumaterial in Form von Gesteinskörnungen und eine Mischeinrichtung zur Vermischung des erhitzten und getrockneten Asphaltgranulats und/oder Gesteinskörnungen mit Bitumen aufweist, ist mit wenigstens einer Quelle für sauerstoffarme Gase ausgerüstet, in welcher die sauerstoffarmen Gase mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von maximal 10%, vorteilhaft mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von maximal 5% gebildet und/oder aus welcher die sauerstoffarmen Gase der wenigstens einer Trommeleinrichtung zugeführt werden können.The plant according to the invention for the production of bituminous mixtures, which has at least one drum device for heating and drying asphalt granules of expanded asphalt and / or virgin material in the form of aggregates and a mixing device for mixing the heated and dried asphalt granules and / or aggregates with bitumen, is provided with at least one Equipped for low-oxygen gases, in which the oxygen-poor gases having an oxygen content of at most 10%, advantageously formed with a maximum oxygen content of 5% and / or from which the oxygen-poor gases of at least one drum device can be supplied.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind wenigstens die Trommeleinrichtungen und vorteilhaft auch die Fördereinrichtungen, Siloeinrichtungen und die Mischeinrichtung gasdicht ausgebildet und mit Dichtungen versehen, welche Falschluftmengen und einen höheren Sauerstoffgehalt in den Einrichtungen verhindern. Damit unterscheidet sich die erfindungsgemäße Anlage von den bekannten Anlagenvarianten, welche aufgrund hoher Falschluftmengen in den Abgasen einen Sauerstoffgehalt von 10% bis etwa 16% aufweisen.Conveniently, at least the drum devices and advantageously also the conveying devices, silo devices and the mixing device are gas-tight and provided with seals which prevent false air volumes and a higher oxygen content in the devices. Thus, the system of the invention differs from the known system variants, which have an oxygen content of 10% to about 16% due to high amounts of false air in the exhaust gases.
Als Tommeleinrichtung kann eine Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel, welcher Asphaltgranulat und/oder die Gesteinskörnungen im Gegenstrom oder im Parallelstrom zu den heißen sauerstoffarmen Gasen aufgegeben werden, eine Gegenstromtrommel für das Asphaltgranulat und/oder die Gesteinskörnungen oder eine Paralleltrommel für das Asphaltgranulat verwendet werden, und die Mischeinrichtungen können Mischtürme, Trommelmischer oder Durchlaufmischer sein.As Tommeleinrichtung a drying and heating drum, which asphalt granules and / or the aggregates are fed in countercurrent or in parallel to the hot oxygen-poor gases, a countercurrent drum for the asphalt granules and / or the aggregates or a parallel drum are used for the asphalt granulate, and the mixing devices may be mixing towers, drum mixers or continuous mixers.
Um wenigstens die Trommeleinrichtung mit sauerstoffarmen Gasen im Überdruck, insbesondere im Bereich von 0,005 bis 300 mbar, zu beschicken, ist es zweckmäßig, eine Absaugeinrichtung an Verbindungsstellen vorzusehen und die abgesaugten sauerstoffarmen Gase einer Abgasreinigung, zum Brenner oder in den Kreislauf der sauerstoffarmen Gase zurückzuführen.In order to charge at least the drum device with oxygen-poor gases in the overpressure, in particular in the range of 0.005 to 300 mbar, it is expedient to provide a suction device at junctions and the suctioned oxygen-poor gases of an exhaust gas purification, to return to the burner or in the cycle of oxygen-poor gases.
Als Quelle für die eingesetzten sauerstoffarmen Gase können die Abgase der Asphalt-Mischanlage oder Abfall- und Nebenprodukte von technischen Prozessen und Betrieben außerhalb der Asphalt-Mischanlage verwendet werden.The source of the low-oxygen gases used may be the off-gas from the asphalt mixing plant or waste and by-products from technical processes and operations outside the asphalt mixing plant.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine abgasseitige Verbindung der Anlage zur Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut mit einer Kohle-Mahl-Anlage, in welcher Rohkohle in einem Mahl-Trocknungsprozess zerkleinert und beispielsweise zu Kohlenstaub vermahlen wird. Die sauerstoffarmen Gase aus dem Asphalt-Herstellungsverfahren und die sauerstoffarmen Gase aus der Kohlevermahlung und Kohletrocknung können zumindest anteilig verwendet und dabei sowohl in der Anlage zur Asphaltherstellung als auch in der Kohlevermahlung, zum Beispiel zur Befeuerung der Asphaltproduktionsanlage, eingesetzt werden. Damit erhöht sich die Wirtschaftlichkeit beider Prozesse.Particularly advantageous is an exhaust gas connection of the plant for the production of bituminous mixture with a coal grinding plant in which raw coal is comminuted in a grinding drying process and ground, for example, to coal dust. The low-oxygen gases from the asphalt production process and the low-oxygen gases from coal milling and drying can be used at least proportionally and be used both in the plant for asphalt production and coal milling, for example, for firing the asphalt production plant. This increases the economic efficiency of both processes.
Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, für die Herstellung von heißen sauerstoffarmen Gasen einen Heißgaserzeuger, insbesondere mit einer Stahlbrennkammer, vorzusehen. Dieser kann einen Brenner für gasförmige, flüssige und/oder feste Brennstoffe aufweisen.It is particularly advantageous to provide a hot gas generator, in particular with a steel combustion chamber, for the production of hot, oxygen-poor gases. This may have a burner for gaseous, liquid and / or solid fuels.
Der Heißgaserzeuger kann einen Gasmischer zur Vermischung von kalten, sauerstoffarmen Gasen, zum Beispiel aus der Abgasreinigung, und den heißen, sauerstoffarmen Gasen des Brenners haben.The hot gas generator may have a gas mixer for mixing cold, low-oxygen gases, for example, from the exhaust gas purification, and the hot, low-oxygen gases of the burner.
Wenn es sich bei dem Heißgaserzeuger um eine LOMA-Feuerung von Loesche handelt, bei welchem eine Loesche-Lochmantel (LOMA)-Feuerung vorgesehen ist, können dem Lochmantel kalte, sauerstoffarme Gase zur Vermischung mit den erzeugten, heißen, sauerstoffarmen Abgasen zugeführt werden.When the hot gas generator is a Loesche LOMA furnace which is provided with a Loesche perforated jacket (LOMA) furnace, cold, low-oxygen gases may be supplied to the shell for mixing with the generated hot, low-oxygen exhaust gases.
Zu einem Heißgaserzeuger mit LOESCHE-Lochmantel-Feuerung wird auf das deutsche
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausbildung ist ein Heißgaserzeuger mit Lochmantelfeuerung mit einer Gegenstromtrommel als Trommeleinrichtung zur Trocknung und Erhitzung für Asphaltgranulat und/oder Gesteinskörnungen verbunden. Die heißen, sauerstoffarmen Gase aus dem Loesche-Heißgaserzeuger werden im Gegenstrom zu dem Asphaltgranulat und/oder den Gesteinskörnungen in der Gegenstromtrommel transportiert und es bildet sich ein innerer Rezirkulationskreislauf der flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen aus dem Bitumen. Somit steigen die Konzentrationen der flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen in der Trommel auf das 5- bis 15-fache im Vergleich zu einer Paralleltrommel an.In a particularly preferred embodiment, a hot gas generator with Lochmantelfeuerung is connected to a countercurrent drum as a drum means for drying and heating for asphalt granules and / or aggregates. The hot, low-oxygen gases from the Loesche hot gas generator are transported countercurrent to the asphalt granules and / or aggregates in the countercurrent drum and an internal recirculation circuit of the volatile hydrocarbon compounds forms from the bitumen. Thus, the concentrations of the volatile hydrocarbon compounds in the
Es wurde gefunden, dass bei der Behandlung des Ausbauasphalts mit im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Verfahren erhöhter Temperatur, insbesondere in einer Gegenstromtrommel, unter sauerstoffarmer Atmosphäre, der Kontakt zwischen Bitumen und Feststoffen verbessert wird und ein 100%iger Einsatz von Asphaltgranulat aus Ausbauasphalt ohne erkennbare, nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die Eigenschaften der neuen Mischung möglich ist.It has been found that in the treatment of the spent asphalt with increased temperature compared to conventional methods, especially in a countercurrent drum, under oxygen-poor atmosphere, the contact between bitumen and solids is improved and 100% use of asphalt granules from reclaimed asphalt with no discernible, detrimental Effect on the properties of the new mixture is possible.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einer Zeichnung weiter erläutert; in dieser zeigen in stark schematisierter Weise als Anlagenschemata
- Figuren 1
bis 11 - erfindungsgemäße Anlagen zur Herstellung von Asphaltmischgut, insbesondere zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und
- Fig. 12
- eine Gegenstromtrommel mit Heißgaserzeuger als Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Asphaltanlage.
- FIGS. 1 to 11
- Inventive plants for the production of asphalt mixtures, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention, and
- Fig. 12
- a countercurrent drum with hot gas generator as part of an asphalt plant according to the invention.
Identische Merkmale sind mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Gasführung ist mit einfachen Linien und der Transport der festen Materialien mit doppelten Linien verdeutlicht.Identical features are provided with identical reference numerals. The gas routing is illustrated by simple lines and the transport of solid materials with double lines.
In
Das Anlagenschema der
Mit Hilfe der Fördereinrichtung 6 wird das getrocknete und erhitzte Material aus der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 einer Siloeinrichtung 18 zugeführt, aus welcher die Mischung aus Asphaltgranulat 5 und/oder Gesteinskörnungen 7 in einem definierten Anteil mit Bitumen 9, welches mit Hilfe eines Ölerhitzers 31 erwärmt wird, vermischt. Die einbaufähige Asphaltmischung 10 kann sofort eingebaut oder aber zunächst einem Silo 19 zugeführt werden.With the aid of the
Ein Teil der kalten sauerstoffarmen Gase 2 wird in einem Gaserhitzer 15 mit Hilfe einer Wärmequelle 37 auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 500 bis 1000°C erhitzt und anteilig der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 aufgegeben. Die Strömungsführung in der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 erfolgt im Gegenstrom zum Asphaltgranulat 5 und/oder Gesteinskörnungen 7. Ein Anteil der heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase 12 aus dem Gaserhitzer 15 sorgt somit in der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 für eine sauerstoffarme Atmosphäre, während ein anderer Anteil mit einem Teilstrom der kalten sauerstoffarmen Gase 2 vermischt und der Fördereinrichtung 6, den Siloeinrichtungen 18, 19 und der Mischeinrichtung 8 zur Herstellung einer sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre in diesen Anlageeinrichtungen zugeführt wird. Die Strömungsführung innerhalb der Siloeinrichtungen 18, 19 und in der Mischeinrichtung 8 erfolgt im Parallelstrom. Als Wärmequelle 37 kann beispielsweise ein Elektroerhitzer verwendet werden. Es ist auch eine direkte oder indirekte Erhitzung der kalten sauerstoffarmen Gase 2 in heiße sauerstoffarme Gase 12 möglich. Die sauerstoffarmen Gase aus der Fördereinrichtung 6, den Siloeinrichtungen 18, 19 und der Mischeinrichtung 8 werden gesammelt und einer Abgasreinigung 11 zugeführt.A portion of the cold oxygen-
Die heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase 32 aus einer Quelle 13 außerhalb der Asphalt-Mischanlage weisen eine Temperatur > 1000° C auf und werden entweder direkt oder, wie in
Ein Anteil der heißen sauerstoffarmen Gase 12 aus dem Gaskühler 16 wird als abgekühlte sauerstoffarme Gase 22 mit einer Temperatur im Bereich von 150 bis 300°C der Fördereinrichtung 6, den Siloeinrichtungen 18, 19 und der Mischeinrichtung 8 zur Herstellung einer sauerstoffarmen Atmosphäre mit einem Sauerstoffgehalt von maximal 10%, insbesondere 5%, zugeführt. Nach diesen Einrichtungen werden die Teilströme der sauerstoffarmen Gase gesammelt und zur Abgasreinigung 11 geleitet.A proportion of the hot oxygen-
Die Anlage nach
In der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 der
Bei der Anlage der
Die Anlage gemäß
Die Anlage gemäß
Das Gebläse 40 für den Brenner 21 des Heißgaserzeugers 20 saugt neben der Verbrennungsluft 39 auch sauerstoffarme Gase 2, 12 aus den Dichtungen 35 der Trocknungs- und Erhitzungstrommel 4 und aus deren Materialeinlass 33 und Materialauslass 34 an. Als Quelle für die kalten sauerstoffarmen Gase 2 dienen die Abgase aus der Abgasreinigung 11, insbesondere ein Abgasanteil aus einer ersten Stufe. Einer zweiten Stufe 23 der Abgasreinigung können die restlichen Abgase zugeführt werden.The
Die Anlage nach
Auch die Anlage nach
Die Teilströme der sauerstoffarmen Gase aus den Einrichtungen der Anlage werden gesammelt und einem Kühler 27 zur Wasserabscheidung und anschließend einer Abgasreinigung 11 zugeführt, welche als Quelle für die kalten sauerstoffarmen Gase 2 dient und damit ein vorteilhaftes Abgasrecycling gewährleistet.The partial flows of the oxygen-poor gases from the facilities of the system are collected and fed to a cooler 27 for water separation and then an
Claims (15)
- Method for producing asphalt mixture, wherein recovered asphalt as asphalt granulate (5) and/or new material in the form of aggregates (7) is/are heated and dried in drum devices (4, 14, 24) together or separately and subsequently mixed in a mixing device (8) with bitumen (9) to form an incorporation-ready asphalt mixture (10), wherein the mixing of the heated and dried asphalt granulate (5) and/or the aggregates (7) is carried out in a low oxygen atmosphere, in which the oxygen content is maximum 10%,
characterized in that
the asphalt granulate (5) and/or the aggregates (7) is/are dried and heated in the drum devices (4, 14, 24) using low oxygen gases (12) having a temperature in the range of from 500 to 1000°C, is carried out in a low oxygen atmosphere, in which the oxygen content is maximum 10% and subsequently conveyed to the mixing device (8) and
in that the conveyance and mixing are carried out in a low oxygen atmosphere, whereby cold, low oxygen gases (2) having a temperature in the range of from approximately 20 to approximately 150°C or cooled, low oxygen gases (22) having a temperature in the range of from approximately 150 to approximately 300°C are fed to a conveying device (6) and the mixing device (8), and
in that also siloing of the heated and dried asphalt granulate (5) and/or aggregates (7) before the mixing with the bitumen (9) and/or siloing of the incorporation-ready asphalt mixture (10) in a low oxygen atmosphere is/are carried out. - Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
cold, low oxygen gases (2), hot, low oxygen gases (12) and/or cooled down low oxygen gases (22) are fed with an oxygen content in the range of from 0 to 5% and a temperature in the range of from 500°C to 1000°C to the drum devices (4, 14, 24), conveying devices (6) and mixing device (8). - Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the asphalt granulate (5) is expelled from the drum devices (4, 14, 24) with a temperature in the range of from approximately 130 to approximately 250°C. - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
cold, low oxygen gases (2) and/or hot, low oxygen gases (12, 32) are supplied, which are generated in the combustion of fossil fuels with a combustion air ratio λ= 1.0 to 2.0, in particular λ = 1.0 to 1.4, within and/or outside of the asphalt production. - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
cold, low oxygen gases (2) are heated in gas heaters (15) to a temperature in the range of from approximately 500 to approximately 1000°C and are passed as hot, low oxygen gases (12) to the drum devices (4, 14, 24) (Fig. 1) or in that hot, low oxygen gases (12) are cooled down to a temperature in the range of from approximately 1000 to approximately 500°C in gas coolers (16) and fed to the drum devices (4, 14, 24) (Fig. 2) or
in that cold, low oxygen gases (2) and low oxygen gases (32) having a temperature > 1000°C, for example of approximately 1400°C, are mixed in a gas mixer (17) to form hot, low oxygen gases (12) with a temperature in the range of between approximately 500 and approximately 1000°C and then fed to the drum devices (4, 14, 24) (Fig. 3) and
in that a portion of the hot gases (12), after the gas heater (15) or gas mixer (17), is mixed with the cold, low oxygen gases (2) which are then fed to the conveying devices (6) and the mixing device (8) (Fig. 1) or
in that a portion of the hot gases (12) from the gas cooler (16) is cooled further and fed as cooled down, low oxygen gases (22) with a temperature in the range of between approximately 150 and approximately 300°C to the conveying devices (6) and the mixing device (8) (Fig. 2). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the drying and heating of the asphalt granulate (5) and/or the aggregates (7) and/or the conveyance and/or the mixing to form the incorporation-ready asphalt mixture (10) and/or the siloing is/are carried out with an overpressure of the low oxygen gases in the range of from approximately 0.005 to 300 mbar or with an underpressure of the low oxygen gases in the range of from 0.005 to 20 mbar. - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
cold, low oxygen gases (2) are heated in a hot gas generator (20) and then cooled down in a gas mixer (17) with cold, low oxygen gases (2) to form hot, low oxygen gases (12) with a temperature in the range of from approximately 1000 to approximately 500°C and passed to the drum devices (4, 14, 24) and/or further cooled down by means of cold, low oxygen gases (2) and passed to conveying, mixing and silo devices (6, 8, 18, 19). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least portions of the low oxygen gases arising during the asphalt production are fed to a waste gas purification unit (11) and drained and subsequently heated to hot, low oxygen gases (12) and used in the drum device (4, 14, 24) or used as cold, low oxygen gases (2) for sealing the drum devices (4, 14, 24), conveying devices (6), mixing device (8) and/or silo devices (18, 19). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the asphalt granulate (5) and/or the aggregates (7) are passed in counter flow or in parallel flow in relation to the hot, low oxygen gases (12) to a drying and heating drum (4) as a drum device and are dried and heated with an underpressure in the range of from approximately 0.005 to 20 mbar or with an overpressure in the range of from approximately 0.005 to 300 mbar. - Method according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
the asphalt granulate (5) and/or the aggregates (7) is/are transported, heated and dried in a counter flow drum (24) as a drum device in counter flow to the hot, low oxygen gases (12). - Plant for producing asphalt mixture,
having at least one drum device (4, 14, 24) for heating and drying asphalt granulate (5) made from reclaimed asphalt and/or new material in the form of aggregates (7) and a mixing device (8) for mixing the heated and dried asphalt granulate (5) and/or aggregates (7) with bitumen (9), as well as having at least one source (3, 13, 43) for low oxygen gases (2, 12, 32) with an oxygen content of maximum 10%, which can be fed to the mixing device (8), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that
the at least one source (3, 13, 43) for low oxygen gases (2, 12, 32) with an oxygen content of maximum 10%, in which the low oxygen gases (2, 12, 32) arise and/or from which the low oxygen gases (2, 12, 32) can be fed, is connected to the drum device (4, 14, 24) as well as to a conveying device (6) for the heated and dried asphalt granulate (5) and/or aggregates (7) and to silo devices (18, 19) before and/or after the mixing device (8) for supplying the low oxygen gases (2, 12, 32) with an oxygen content of maximum 10%. - Plant according to claim 10,
characterized in that
the drum device (4, 14, 24) is formed to be gastight for an overpressure of the low oxygen gases (2, 12) in the range of from 0.005 to 300 mbar or for an underpressure of the low oxygen gases (2, 12) in the range of from 0.005 to 20 mbar. - Plant according to one of the claims 11 or 12,
characterized in that
a material inlet (33) and material outlet (34) of the drum device (4, 14, 24) are designed to be gastight and comprise seals (35), for example drum seals, to which cold, low oxygen gases (2) can be fed in case of underpressure in the drum device (4, 14, 24) and from which cold, low oxygen gases (2) can be drawn off in case of overpressure in the drum device (4, 14, 24). - Plant according to one of the claims 11 to 13,
characterized in that
waste gases from a waste gas purification unit (11) of the asphalt mixing plant are a source (3) for cold, low oxygen gases (2) and a waste gas recycling value of approximately 50 to approximately 100% can be achieved. - Plant according to one of the claims 11 to 14,
characterized in that
gas heater (15), gas cooler (16) or gas mixer (17) are arranged for production of cold, low oxygen gases (2) with a temperature in the range of from approximately 20 to 150°C, hot, low oxygen gases (12) with a temperature in the range of from 500 to 1000°C and cooled down, low oxygen gases (22) with a temperature in the range of from 150 to 300°C.
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US (1) | US8882899B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2491181B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5606540B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102666993B (en) |
AR (1) | AR078671A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012011348A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2776894A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2491181T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2536883T3 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN03398A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2491181T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2509838C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011047705A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT201600124444A1 (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-07 | Marini Spa | PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF BITUMINOUS CONGLOMERATES |
CN111364320B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2024-02-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High-quality asphalt mixture coarse aggregate regenerating device and method based on microwave technology |
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US3971666A (en) | 1972-09-05 | 1976-07-27 | Mendenhall Robert Lamar | Process for recycle of asphalt-aggregate compositions |
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SU962406A1 (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1982-09-30 | Проектно-Технологический Трест "Оргдорстрой" Министерства Строительства И Эксплуатации Автомобильных Дорог Усср | Drying and mixing drum of installation for preparing asphalt-concrete composition |
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SU1270198A2 (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1986-11-15 | Проектно-Технологический Трест "Оргдорстрой" Министерства Строительства И Эксплуатации Автомобильных Дорог Усср | Drying and mixing drum of installation for preparing asphalt concrete mixes |
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DE19530164A1 (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-06 | Teltomat Maschinen Gmbh | Drying drum for used asphalt granules - having injection unit allowing carefully zoned heating in counter-current using diverse lifting flights for heat transfer by rotation from upwardly slanting gas jet avoiding overheating, blue smoke emission and asphalt cracking |
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-
2009
- 2009-12-28 PL PL09806080T patent/PL2491181T3/en unknown
- 2009-12-28 IN IN3398DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN03398A/en unknown
- 2009-12-28 ES ES09806080.9T patent/ES2536883T3/en active Active
- 2009-12-28 US US13/503,612 patent/US8882899B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-28 CA CA2776894A patent/CA2776894A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-12-28 BR BR112012011348A patent/BR112012011348A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-28 RU RU2012113774/03A patent/RU2509838C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-28 CN CN200980162107.3A patent/CN102666993B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-28 DK DK09806080.9T patent/DK2491181T3/en active
- 2009-12-28 EP EP09806080.9A patent/EP2491181B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-28 JP JP2012534547A patent/JP5606540B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-28 WO PCT/EP2009/009292 patent/WO2011047705A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2536883T3 (en) | 2015-05-29 |
DK2491181T3 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
CN102666993B (en) | 2015-05-20 |
JP2013508577A (en) | 2013-03-07 |
WO2011047705A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
RU2509838C2 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US8882899B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
CA2776894A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US20120204761A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
AR078671A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
CN102666993A (en) | 2012-09-12 |
RU2012113774A (en) | 2013-11-27 |
IN2012DN03398A (en) | 2015-10-23 |
BR112012011348A2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
EP2491181A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
PL2491181T3 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
JP5606540B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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