Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
  • C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
  • C08K5/3492—Triazines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
  • B29C43/222—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length characterised by the shape of the surface
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
  • C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
  • C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
  • C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C35/16—Cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
  • B29K2105/0032—Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
  • B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]

Definitions

• Amorphous, transparent colored plate made of a crystallizable thermoplastic, process for its production and its use
• the invention relates to an amorphous, transparent colored plate made of a crystallizable thermoplastic, the thickness of which is in the range from 1 to 20 mm.
• the plate contains at least one polymer-soluble dye and is characterized by very good optical and mechanical properties.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing this plate and its use.
• thermoplastics which are processed into sheets, are, for. B. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). These semi-finished products are manufactured on so-called extrusion lines (cf. Polymer Maschinentechnik, Volume II, Technologie 1, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1984). The powdered or granular raw material is melted in an extruder.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PC polycarbonate
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• the amorphous thermoplastics can be easily reshaped after the extrusion due to the steadily increasing viscosity of the amorphous thermoplastics via smoothing units or other shaping tools.
• Amorphous thermoplastics then have sufficient stability after molding, i.e. H. a high viscosity to "stand on its own” in the calibration tool. But they are still soft enough to be shaped by the tool.
• the melt viscosity and inherent stiffness of amorphous thermoplastics is so high in the calibration tool that the semi-finished product is not in front cooling coincides in the calibration tool.
• easily decomposable materials such.
• B. PVC are special processing aids in extrusion, such as.
• PMMA sheets also have extremely poor impact strength and shatter when broken or subjected to mechanical stress.
• PMMA panels are highly flammable, so that they must not be used, for example, for indoor applications or in exhibition stand construction.
• PMMA and PC sheets are also not cold-formable. During cold forming, PMMA sheets break into dangerous fragments. When cold-forming PC sheets, hairline cracks and whitening occur.
• EP-A-0 471 528 describes a method for molding an article from a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plate.
• the intrinsic viscosity of the PET used is in the range from 0.5 to 1.2.
• the PET plate is deep-drawn in a temperature range between the two sides Glass transition temperature and the melting temperature heat treated.
• the molded PET sheet is taken out of the mold when the degree of crystallization of the molded PET sheet is in the range of 25 to 50%.
• the PET sheets disclosed in EP-A-0 471 528 have a thickness of 1 to 10 mm.
• the deep-drawn molded article made from this PET sheet is partially crystalline and therefore no longer transparent and the surface properties of the molded article are determined by the deep-drawing process, the temperatures and shapes given, it is immaterial which optical properties (e.g. gloss, Turbidity and light transmission) have the PET plates used. As a rule, the optical properties of these plates are poor and need to be optimized.
• US-A-3,496,143 describes the vacuum deep drawing of a 3 mm thick PET sheet, the crystallization of which is said to be in the range from 5 to 25%. However, the crystallinity of the deep-drawn molded body is greater than 25%. No demands are made on the optical properties of these PET sheets either. Since the crystallinity of the plates used is already between 5 and 25%, these plates are cloudy and opaque. These plates contain neither a dye nor a light stabilizer.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an amorphous, transparent colored plate with a thickness of 1 to 20 mm, which has both good mechanical and optical properties.
• Good optical properties include, for example, high light transmission, high surface gloss, extremely low haze and high image sharpness (clarity).
• the good mechanical properties include high impact strength and high breaking strength.
• the plate according to the invention should be recyclable, in particular without loss of the mechanical properties, and also flame-retardant, so that it can also be used, for example, for interior applications and in trade fair construction.
• an amorphous, transparent colored plate with a thickness in the range from 1 to 20 mm which is characterized in that it contains a crystallizable thermoplastic and a soluble dye as the main component.
• concentration of the soluble dye is preferably in the range from 0.001 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the crystallizable thermoplastic.
• the present invention further relates to a method for producing this plate having the features of claim 23. Preferred embodiments of this method are explained in the dependent claims 24 to 29.
• Soluble dyes are substances that are molecularly dissolved in the polymer (DIN 55949).
• the color change as a result of the coloring of the amorphous plate is based on the wavelength-dependent absorption and / or scattering of the light. Dyes can only absorb light, not scatter, since the physical requirement for scattering is a certain minimum particle size.
• Coloring with dyes is a solution process.
• the dye is molecularly dissolved, for example, in the crystallizable thermoplastic.
• Such colorings are referred to as transparent or translucent or translucent or opal.
• the fat and aromatic soluble dyes are particularly preferred. These are, for example, azo and anthraquinone dyes. They are particularly suitable for coloring PET because the migration of the dye is restricted due to the high glass transition temperature of PET.
• Suitable soluble dyes are, for example: solvent yellow 93 a pyrazolone derivative, solvent yellow 1 6 a fat-soluble azo dye, fluorole green gold a fluorescent polycyclic dye, solvent red 1 an azo dye, azo dyes such as thermoplastic red BS, Sudan red BB, solvent red 138 an anthraquinone derivative, fluorescent agents such as fluorophorone and fluorescent benzol pyran Fluorolorange GK, solvent blue 35 an anthraquinone dye, solvent blue a phthalocyanine dye and many others.
• the main component of the amorphous, transparent colored plate is a crystallizable thermoplastic.
• Suitable crystallizable or partially crystalline thermoplastics are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, cycloolefin and cycloolefin copolymers, with polyethylene terephthalate being preferred.
• crystallizable thermoplastics are understood to be crystallizable homopolymers, crystallizable copolymers, crystallizable compounds, crystallizable recyclate and other variations of crystallizable thermoplastics.
• amorphous plate is understood to mean plates which, although the crystallizable thermoplastic has a crystallinity of between 5% and 65%, preferably 25% to 65%, are not crystalline. Not crystalline, i.e. H. essentially amorphous means that the degree of crystallinity is generally below 5%, preferably below 2% and particularly preferably 0%. Such a plate is essentially in a pristine state.
• the standard viscosity of the crystallizable thermoplastic SV (DCE), measured in dichloroacetic acid according to DIN 53728, is between 800 and 6000, preferably between 950 and 5000, in particular between 1000 and 4000.
• the intrinsic viscosity IV (DCE) is calculated from the standard viscosity as follows:
• the surface gloss of the plate according to the invention is greater than 100, preferably greater than 110, the light transmission, measured according to ASTM D 1003, is in the range from 5 to 80%, preferably in the range from 10 to 70% and the turbidity of the plate, measured according to ASTM D 1003, is in the range from 2 to 40, preferably in the range from 3 to 35%.
• the transparent amorphous plate according to the invention contains crystallizable polyethylene terephthalate as the main component.
• polyethylene terephthalate in the measurement of impact strength a (1 79/1 D measured according to ISO) delivers n Charpy to the plate preferably does not fracture.
• the notched impact strength a k according to Izod (measured according to ISO 1 80/1 A) of the plate is preferably in the range from 2.0 to 8.0 kJ / m 2 , particularly preferably in the range from 4.0 to 6.0 kJ / m 2 .
• the image sharpness of the plate which is also called Clarity and is determined at an angle of less than 2.5 ° (ASTM D 1003), is preferably over 93% and particularly preferably over 94%.
• Polyethylene terephthalate polymers with a crystallite melting point T m measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, from 220 ° C to 280 ° C, preferably from 230 ° C to 270 ° C, with a crystallization temperature range T c between 75 ° C and 280 ° C, preferably 75 ° C and 260 ° C, a glass transition temperature T between 65 ° C and 90 ° C and with a density, measured according to DIN 53479, of 1.30 to 1.45 g / cm 3 and a crystallinity of between 5% and 65%, preferably between 25% and 65%, are preferred polymers as starting materials for the production of the plate.
• T m crystallite melting point measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, from 220 ° C to 280 ° C, preferably from 230 ° C to 270 ° C
• the bulk density measured according to DIN 53466, is preferably between 0.75 kg / dm 3 and 1.0 kg / dm 3 and particularly preferably between 0.80 kg / dm 3 and 0.90 kg / dm 3 .
• the polydispersity of the polyethylene terephthalate M w / M n measured by means of GPC is preferably between 1.5 and 6.0 and particularly preferably between 2.0 and 5.0.
• the amorphous, transparently colored plates according to the invention can additionally contain at least one UV stabilizer.
• concentration of the UV stabilizer is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the crystallizable thermoplastic.
• the UV stabilizer acts as a light stabilizer and protects the plate or the molded article made therefrom, especially in outdoor applications, against yellowing and deterioration in the mechanical properties as a result of photooxidative degradation by sunlight.
• the amorphous, transparently colored plates according to the invention which additionally contain at least one UV stabilizer, in addition to good mechanical and optical properties, also have excellent UV stability.
• Light especially the ultraviolet portion of solar radiation, i.e. H. the wavelength range from 280 to 400 nm initiates degradation processes in thermoplastics, as a result of which not only the visual appearance changes as a result of color change or yellowing, but also the mechanical-physical properties are adversely affected.
• Polyethylene terephthalates for example, begin to absorb UV light below 360 nm, their absorption increases considerably below 320 nm and is very pronounced below 300 nm. The maximum absorption is between 280 and 300 nm.
• the photooxidation of polyethylene terephthalates can also lead to hydroperoxides and their decomposition products and to associated chain cleavages via hydrogen cleavage in the ⁇ -position of the ester groups (H. Day, D. M. Wiles: J. Appl. Polym. Be 1 6, 1 972, page 203).
• UV stabilizers or UV absorbers as light stabilizers are chemical compounds that can intervene in the physical and chemical processes of light-induced degradation. Soot and other pigments can partially protect against light. However, these substances are unsuitable for panels because they lead to a change in color. Only organic and organometallic compounds are suitable for amorphous plates, which give the thermoplastic to be stabilized no or only an extremely slight color or color change.
• Suitable UV stabilizers as light stabilizers are, for example, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles, organo-nickel compounds, salicylic acid esters, cinnamic acid ester derivatives, resorcinol monobenzoates, oxalic acid anilides, hydroxybenzoic acid esters, sterically hindered amines and triazines, the 2-hydroxybenzotriazoles being preferred.
• the amorphous, transparently colored plate according to the invention contains, as the main constituent, a crystallizable polyethylene terephthalate as the crystallizable thermoplastic and 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 -triazin-2-yl) -5- (hexyl) oxy-phenol (structure in FIG. 1 a) or 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of 2,2'-methylene-bis (6 - (2H- benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (structure in Fig. 1 b).
• mixtures of these two UV stabilizers or mixtures of at least one of the two UV stabilizers with other UV stabilizers can also be used, the total concentration of light stabilizer preferably being between 0.01% by weight and 5.0% by weight. -%, based on the weight of crystallizable polyethylene terephthalate.
• the plate according to the invention is flame-retardant and flame-retardant, so that the plate according to the invention is suitable for indoor use and in trade fair construction.
• the plate according to the invention can be easily recycled without environmental pollution and without loss of mechanical properties, which makes it particularly suitable for use as short-lived advertising signs or other promotional items. Since the dye is soluble in the polymer, no agglomerates occur when the recyclate is used, which would negatively influence the optical properties.
• the soluble dye and optionally the light stabilizer in the desired concentration can already be used in Raw material manufacturers are metered in or metered into the extruder during plate production.
• the soluble dye and optionally the light stabilizer are dispersed and / or dissolved in a solid carrier material.
• a carrier material come certain resins, the crystallizable thermoplastic itself, for. B. the polyethylene terephthalate polymer or other polymers that are sufficiently compatible with the crystallizable thermoplastic, in question.
• the grain size and the bulk density of the masterbatch are similar to the grain size and the bulk density of the crystallizable thermoplastic, so that a homogeneous distribution and thus a homogeneous, transparent coloring can take place.
• polyethylene terephthalates usually takes place by polycondensation in the melt or by a two-stage polycondensation, the first step up to an average molecular weight - corresponding to an average intrinsic viscosity IV of about 0.5 to 0.7 - in the melt, and the further condensation is carried out by solid condensation.
• the polycondensation is generally carried out in the presence of known polycondensation catalysts or catalyst systems.
• solid condensation PET chips are heated to temperatures in the range from 180 to 320 ° C. under reduced pressure or under protective gas until the desired molecular weight is reached.
• the production of polyethylene terephthalate is described in detail in a variety of patents, such as B.
• Polyethylene terephthalates with particularly high molecular weights can be produced by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid diol precondensates (oligomers) at elevated temperature in a liquid heat transfer medium in the presence of conventional polycondensation catalysts and, if appropriate, coco-sensitive modifiers, if the liquid heat transfer medium is inert and free of aromatic components and a boiling point has in the range from 20C to 320 ° C, the weight ratio of the dicarboxylic acid diol precondensate (oligomers) to the liquid heat transfer medium is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, and the polycondensation is carried out in the boiling reaction mixture in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer.
• the transparently colored, translucent, amorphous plates according to the invention can be produced by an extrusion process in an extrusion line.
• Such an extrusion line is shown schematically in FIG. 2. It essentially comprises an extruder (1) as a plasticizing system, a slot die (2) as a tool for shaping, a smoothing unit / calender (3) as a calibration tool, a cooling bed (4) and / or a roller conveyor (5) for after-cooling, a roller take-off (6), a separating saw (7), a side cutting device (9), and optionally a stacking device (8).
• the process for producing the plate according to the invention is described in detail below using the example of polyethylene terephthalate.
• the process is characterized in that the polyethylene terephthalate is optionally dried, then melted in the extruder together with the soluble dyestuff and, if appropriate, with the UV stabilizer, the melt is shaped through a nozzle and then calibrated, smoothed and cooled in the smoothing unit before one brings the plate to size.
• the drying of the polyethylene terephthalate before the extrusion is preferably carried out for 4 to 6 hours at 160 to 180 ° C.
• the polyethylene terephthalate is melted in the extruder.
• the temperature of the PET melt is preferably in the range from 250 to 320 ° C., the temperature of the melt being able to be set essentially both by the temperature of the extruder and by the residence time of the melt in the extruder.
• the melt then leaves the extruder through a nozzle.
• This nozzle is preferably a slot die.
• the PET melted by the extruder and shaped by a slot die is calibrated by smoothing calender rolls, i.e. H. intensely chilled and smoothed.
• the calender rolls can, for example, be arranged in an I, F, L or S shape (see FIG. 3).
• the PET material can then be cooled on a roller conveyor, cut to the side, cut to length and finally stacked.
• the thickness of the PET plate is essentially determined by the fume cupboard, which is located at the end of the cooling zone, the cooling device coupled to it in terms of speed. (Smoothing) rollers and the conveying speed of the extruder on the one hand and the distance between the rollers on the other.
• Both single-screw and twin-screw extruders can be used as extruders.
• the slot die preferably consists of the separable tool body, the lips and the dust bar for flow regulation across the width.
• the dust bar can be bent by tension and pressure screws.
• the thickness is adjusted by adjusting the lips. It is important to ensure that the temperature of the PET and the lip is even, otherwise the PET melt will flow out to different thicknesses due to the different flow paths.
• the calibration tool, d. H. the smoothing calender gives the PET melt the shape and dimensions. This is done by freezing below the glass transition temperature by cooling and smoothing. Deformation should no longer occur in this state, since otherwise surface defects would occur in this cooled state. For this reason, the calender rolls are preferably driven together. The temperature of the calender rolls must be lower than the crystallite melting temperature in order to avoid sticking of the PET melt. The PET melt leaves the slot die at a temperature of 240 to 300 ° C.
• the first smoothing-cooling roller has a temperature between 50 ° C and 80 ° C depending on the output and plate thickness.
• the second, somewhat cooler roller cools the second or other surface. If the temperature of the first smoothing chill roll is outside the specified range of 50 ° C to 80 ° C, it is difficult to obtain an amorphous plate with a thickness of 1 mm or more in the desired quality.
• the calibration device freezes the PET surfaces as smoothly as possible and cools the profile to such an extent that it is dimensionally stable, the post-cooling device lowers the temperature of the PET plate to almost room temperature. After-cooling can be done on a roller board. The speed of the take-off should be exactly matched to the speed of the calender rolls in order to avoid defects and thickness fluctuations.
• a separating saw as a cutting device, the side trimming, the stacking system and a control point can be located in the extrusion line for the production of plates as additional devices.
• the side or edge trimming is advantageous because the thickness in the edge area can be uneven under certain circumstances. The thickness and appearance of the plate are measured at the control point.
• the transparently colored, amorphous plate according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for a large number of different uses, for example for interior cladding, for trade fair construction and trade fair articles, as displays, for signs, for protective glazing of machines and vehicles, in the lighting sector, in the shop - and shelf construction, as promotional items, as menu card stands and as basketball goal boards.
• the plate according to the invention is also suitable for outdoor applications, such as. B. greenhouses, canopies, outer cladding, covers, for applications in the construction sector, illuminated advertising profiles, balcony cladding and roof hatches.
• the surface gloss is determined in accordance with DIN 67 530.
• the reflector value is measured as an optical parameter for the surface of a plate. Based on the standards ASTM-D 523-78 and ISO 2813, the angle of incidence was set at 20 °. A light beam hits the flat test surface at the set angle of incidence and is reflected or scattered by it. The light rays striking the photoelectronic receiver are displayed as a proportional electrical quantity. The measured value is dimensionless and must be specified together with the angle of incidence.
• the light transmission is measured with the "Hazegard plus" measuring device in accordance with ASTM 1003.
• Haze is the percentage of transmitted light that deviates by more than 2.5 ° on average from the incident light beam.
• the image sharpness is determined at an angle of less than 2.5 °.
• the surface defects are determined visually.
• This size is determined according to ISO 1 79/1 D.
• the notched impact strength or strength a k according to izod is measured according to ISO 180/1 A.
• the density is determined according to DIN 53479
• the standard viscosity SV (DCE) is based on DIN 53726 in
• the thermal properties such as crystal melting point T m , crystallization temperature range T c , post- (cold) crystallization temperature T CN and glass transition temperature T are measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
• DSC differential scanning calorimetry
• the molecular weights M w and M n and the resulting polydispersity M w / M n are measured by means of gel permeation chromatography. Weathering (both sides), UV stability:
• UV stability is tested according to the test specification ISO 4892 as follows
• Xenon lamp inner and outer filter made of borosilicate
• the color change of the samples after artificial weathering is measured with a spectrophotometer according to DIN 5033.
• Examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 and 2 below are single-layer, transparently colored sheets of different thicknesses, which are produced on the extrusion line described.
• a 2 mm thick, transparently colored, amorphous plate is produced which contains polyethylene terephthalate as the main component and 2% by weight of the soluble dye Solventrot 138, an anthraquinone derivative from BASF ( ® Thermoplast G).
• the polyethylene terephthalate from which the transparent colored, amorphous plate is made has a standard viscosity SV (DCE) of 1010, which corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity IV (DCE) of 0.79 dl / g.
• the moisture content is ⁇ 0.2% and the density (DIN 53479) is 1.41 g / cm 3 .
• the crystallinity is 59%, the crystallite melting point according to DSC measurements being 258 ° C.
• the crystallization temperature range T c is between 83 ° C and 258 ° C, the post-crystallization temperature (also cold crystallization temperature) T CN is 144 ° C.
• the polydispersity M w / M n of the polyethylene terephthalate polymer is 2.14.
• the glass transition temperature is 83 ° C.
• the soluble dye Solventrot 138 is added in the form of a masterbatch.
• the masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the dye Solventrot 138 as the active ingredient and 80% by weight of the above-described polyethylene terephthalate polymer as the carrier material.
• the transparent colored 2 mm thick PET sheet is trimmed at the edges with separating saws, cut to length and stacked.
• the manufactured red-transparent colored PET sheet has the following property profile:
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, a transparent colored plate is produced, with a
• Polyethylene terephthalate which has the following properties:
• the masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the solvent red 138 dye and 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate polymer of this example (SV 1 100).
• the extrusion temperature is 280 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 66 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 60 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender roll is 2.9 m / min.
• the manufactured red-transparent colored PET sheet has the following property profile:
• Thickness 6 mm
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, a transparently colored, translucent plate is produced.
• the 2 mm thick, transparent colored plate contains 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35, a fat-soluble anthraquinone dye from BASF ( ® Sudan Blue 2).
• the 4 wt .-% of the dye solvent blue 35 are also in the form of a
• Dye solvent blue 35 and 80% of the polyethylene terephthalate polymer from Example 1 is composed. 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate
• Polymers from Example 1 are used with 20% by weight of the masterbatch.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the following property profile: Thickness: 2 mm
• Example 3 Analogously to Example 2, a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the 6 mm thick, transparent-colored plate contains 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35 ( ® Sudan Blue 2 from BASF).
• the 4% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 are added in the form of a masterbatch, the masterbatch being composed of 20% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 and 80% of the polyethylene terephthalate from example 2.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the following property profile:
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 2, a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the extrusion temperature is 275 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 57 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 50 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender roll is 1.7 m / min.
• the PET sheet produced has the following property profile:
• Polyethylene terephthalate which has the following properties:
• the extrusion temperature is 274 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 50 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 45 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 1.2 m / min.
• the transparent colored PET sheet produced has the following property profile:
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 2, a transparent colored plate is produced. 60% polyethylene terephthalate from Example 2 are mixed with 30% recyclate from this polyethylene terephthalate and 10% of the masterbatch.
• the transparent colored panel produced has the following property profile:
• a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the polyethylene terephthalate used has a standard viscosity SV (DCE) of 760, which corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity IV (DCE) of 0.62 dl / g.
• DCE intrinsic viscosity IV
• the other properties are identical to the properties of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 1 within the scope of the measurement accuracy.
• the masterbatch used is identical to the masterbatch from example 1.
• the process parameters and the temperature were chosen as in Example 1. Due to the low viscosity, plate production is not possible.
• the melt stability is insufficient, so that the melt collapses on the calender rolls before cooling.
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 2, a transparently colored, translucent plate is produced, polyethylene terephthalate and masterbatch from Example 2 also being used.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 83 ° C and the subsequent rolls each have a temperature of 77 ° C.
• the plate produced is extremely cloudy and almost opaque.
• the light transmission, clarity and gloss are significantly reduced.
• the plate shows surface defects and structures.
• the optics are unacceptable for a transparent colored application.
• the plate produced has the following property profile:
• Examples 8 to 16 and Comparative Examples 3 to 6 below are single-layer UV-stabilized, transparently colored sheets of different thicknesses, which are produced on the extrusion line described.
• a 2 mm thick, transparently colored, amorphous plate is produced, the main component of which is polyethylene terephthalate as described in Example 1 and 1.0% by weight of the UV stabilizer 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3. 5- triazin-2-yl) -5- (hexyl) oxyphenol (Tinuvin 1577 from Ciba-Geigy) and 2% by weight of the soluble dye Solventrot 138, an anthraquinone derivative from BASF ( ⁇ Thermoplast G).
• Tinuvin 1577 has a melting point of 149 ° C and is thermally stable up to approx. 330 ° C.
• UV stabilizer For the purpose of homogeneous distribution, 1.0% by weight of the UV stabilizer is incorporated directly into the polyethylene terephthalate at the raw material manufacturer.
• the dye is added using a masterbatch as described in Example 1.
• Example 1 Before the extrusion, 90% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate equipped with 1% by weight of Tinuvin 1577 and 10% by weight of the masterbatch are dried in a dryer at 170 ° C. for 5 hours and processed analogously to Example 1.
• the UV-stabilized, transparently colored PET sheet produced has the same property profile as the sheet in Example 1:
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Example 8 Analogously to Example 8, a transparent colored plate is produced, the UV stabilizer being 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5- (hexyl) oxyphenol ( ® Tinuvin 1577) in the form a masterbatch is added.
• the UV stabilizer being 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5- (hexyl) oxyphenol ( ® Tinuvin 1577) in the form a masterbatch is added.
• the masterbatch is composed of 5% by weight of Tinuvin 1577 as the active ingredient and 95% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 8.
• the soluble dye Solventrot 138 is also added in the form of a masterbatch.
• the dye masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the solvent red 138 dye as active ingredient and 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 8.
• the manufactured, UV-stabilized, transparently colored plate has the following property profile:
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties: Thickness 2 mm
• a UV-stabilized, transparently colored plate is produced analogously to Example 8, the polyethylene terephthalate according to Example 2 being used.
• the polyethylene terephthalate is equipped with 1% by weight of Tinuvin 1577, the UV stabilizer being incorporated directly at the raw material manufacturer.
• the masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the dye solvent red 138 and 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate of this example (SV 1 100).
• the extrusion temperature is 280 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 66 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 60 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender roll is 2.9 m / min.
• the method used here corresponds to the method according to Example 2.
• the UV-stabilized, red-transparent colored PET sheet produced has the same property profile as in Example 2.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Thickness 6 mm
• Example 8 a UV-stabilized, transparently colored plate is produced.
• the 2 mm thick, transparent colored plate contains 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35, a fat-soluble anthraquinone dye from BASF ( ® Sudan Blue 2).
• the 4 wt .-% of the dye solvent blue 35 are also in the form of a
• Example 8 composed. 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 8 are used with 20% by weight of the masterbatch.
• the process used here corresponds to the process according to Example 3.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the same property profile as the plate in Example 3.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the 6 mm thick, transparent colored plate contains, as in Example 1, 1 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35 ( ® Sudan Blue 2 from BASF).
• the 4% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 are added in the form of a masterbatch, the masterbatch being composed of 20% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 and 80% of the polyethylene terephthalate from example 9.
• the process used here corresponds to the process according to Example 4.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the same property profile as the plate in Example 4.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Example 12 Analogously to Example 12, a blue-transparent colored plate is produced.
• the extrusion temperature is 275 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 57 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 50 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender roll is 1.7 m / min.
• the process used here corresponds to the process according to Example 5.
• the PET sheet produced has the same property profile as the sheet according to Example 5.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• a transparent colored plate is produced analogously to Example 13, the polyethylene terephthalate according to Example 6 (SV 1200) being used.
• the extrusion temperature is 274 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 50 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 45 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 1.2 m / min.
• the process used here corresponds to the process according to Example 6.
• the UV-stabilized, transparent colored PET sheet produced has the same property profile as the sheet according to Example 6.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Example 10 Analogously to Example 10, a UV-stabilized, transparently colored plate is produced. 60% polyethylene terephthalate from Example 10 are mixed with 30% recyclate from this polyethylene terephthalate and 10% of the masterbatch from Example 10.
• the method used here corresponds to the method according to Example 7.
• the transparent colored plate produced has the same property profile as the plate according to Example 7. After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Thickness 6 mm
• a UV-stabilized, red-transparent colored plate is produced analogously to Example 10; 0.6% by weight of the UV stabilizer 2,2'-methylene-bis (6- (2H-benzotriazole-2- yl) -4- (1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol
• Tinuvin 360 has a melting point of 195 ° C and is thermally stable up to approx. 350 ° C.
• the transparently colored PET sheet produced has the following property profile:
• Thickness 6 mm
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Example 8 a transparently colored, UV-stabilized plate is produced.
• the polyethylene terephthalate used has a standard viscosity SV (DCE) of 760, which corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity IV (DCE) of 0.62 dl / g.
• DCE intrinsic viscosity IV
• the other properties are identical to the properties of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 1 within the scope of the measurement accuracy.
• the masterbatch used is identical to the masterbatch from example 1. The process parameters and the temperature were chosen as in Example 1. Due to the low viscosity, plate production is not possible. The melt stability is insufficient, so that the melt collapses on the calender rolls before cooling.
• a UV-stabilized, transparently colored, translucent plate is produced analogously to Example 10, the polyethylene terephthalate, the UV stabilizer and the masterbatch from Example 10 also being used.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 83 ° C and the subsequent rolls each have a temperature of 77 ° C.
• the plate produced is extremely cloudy and almost opaque. The light transmission, the clarity and the gloss are significantly reduced. The plate shows surface defects and structures. The optics are unacceptable for a transparent colored application.
• the plate produced has the following property profile:
• Thickness 6 mm
• the red-transparent colored plate which was obtained in Example 1 and which, in contrast to Example 8, contains no UV stabilizer, is exposed to weathering.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Page 92 (measuring angle 20 °) 2. Page 94 Light transmission 28.9% Clarity 80.6%
• the plate shows a clear deterioration in the optical properties and a visually visible color change.
• the surfaces are attacked (blunt and brittle).
• the red-transparent colored plate produced which was obtained in Example 2 and which, in contrast to Example 10, contains no UV stabilizer, is exposed to weathering.
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:
• Examples 17 to 25 below are each single-layer, transparently colored, optionally UV-stabilized plates of different thicknesses, which are produced on the extrusion line described, using PET with different viscosities.
• a 2 mm thick, transparently colored, amorphous plate is produced which contains polyethylene terephthalate as the main component and 2% by weight of the soluble dye Solventrot 138, an anthraquinone derivative from BASF ( ® Thermopiast G).
• the plate produced has a standard viscosity SV (DCE) of 3490, which corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity IV (DCE) of 2.45 dl / g.
• DCE standard viscosity SV
• DCE intrinsic viscosity IV
• Moisture content is ⁇ 0.2% and the density (DIN 53479)
• the crystallinity is 19%, the crystallite melting point according to DSC measurements being 243 ° C.
• the crystallization temperature range T c is between 82 ° C and 243 ° C.
• Polyethylene terephthalate is 4.3, where M w at 225070 g / mol and M n at
• the glass transition temperature is 83 ° C.
• the soluble dye Solventrot 138 is added in the form of a masterbatch.
• the masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the dye Solventrot 138 as the active ingredient and 80% by weight of the above-described polyethylene terephthalate as the carrier material.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 73 ° C and the subsequent rolls each have a temperature of 67 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 6.5 m / min.
• the transparent colored 2 mm thick PET sheet is trimmed at the edges with separating saws, cut to length and stacked.
• the manufactured red-transparent colored PET sheet has the following property profile:
• the masterbatch is composed of 20% by weight of the dye solvent red 138 and 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate of this example (SV 3490).
• the extrusion temperature is 280 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 66 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 60 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 2.9 m / min.
• the manufactured red-transparent colored PET sheet has the following property profile: Thickness 6 mm
• Example 17 Analogously to Example 17, a transparent colored, amorphous plate is produced.
• the 2 mm thick, transparent colored plate contains 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35, a fat-soluble anthraquinone dye from BASF ( ® Sudan Blue 2).
• the 4 wt .-% of the dye Solventbiau 35 are also in the form of a
• Example 17 composed. 80 wt .-% of the polyethylene terephthalate
• Example 17 are used with 20% by weight of the masterbatch.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the following property profile:
• Example 19 Analogously to Example 18, a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the 6 mm thick, transparent colored plate contains, as in Example 19, 4% by weight of the soluble dye Solventblau 35 ( ® Sudan Blue 2 from BASF).
• the 4% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 are added in the form of a masterbatch, the masterbatch being composed of 20% by weight of the dye solvent blue 35 and 80% of the polyethylene terephthalate from example 18.
• the blue-transparent colored plate produced has the following property profile:
• Example 18 Analogously to Example 18, a transparent colored plate is produced.
• the extrusion temperature is 275 ° C.
• the first quayander roller has a temperature of 57 ° C and the subsequent rollers have a temperature of 50 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 1.7 m / min.
• the PET sheet produced has the following property profile:
• a transparent colored plate is produced, using a polyethylene terephthalate which has the following properties:
• the extrusion temperature is 274 ° C.
• the first calender roll has a temperature of 50 ° C and the subsequent rolls have a temperature of 45 ° C.
• the speed of the take-off and the calender rolls is 1.2 m / min.
• the transparent colored PET sheet produced has the following property profile:
• Example 18 Analogously to Example 18, a transparent colored plate is produced. 60% polyethylene terephthalate from Example 18 are mixed with 30% recyclate from this polyethylene terephthalate and 10% of the masterbatch.
• the transparent colored panel produced has the following property profile:
• Tinuvin 1577 from Ciba-Geigy contains. Tinuvin 1577 has a melting point of 149 ° C and is up to approx.
• UV stabilizer 1.0% by weight of the UV stabilizer is incorporated directly into the raw material manufacturer
• the manufactured red-transparent colored PET sheet has the following property profile:
• Example 24 Analogously to Example 24, a 2 mm thick, transparent colored plate is produced.
• the UV stabilizer 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5- (heyl) - oxyphenyl (* Tinuvin 1577) is metered in in the form of a masterbatch.
• the masterbatch is composed of 5% by weight of Tinuvin 1577 as the active ingredient and 95% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 17.
• Example 17 Before the extrusion, 80% by weight of the polyethylene terephthalate from Example 17 with 20% by weight of the masterbatch are dried at 170 ° C. for 5 hours. The extrusion and plate production take place analogously to Example 17.
• the transparent, amorphous PET sheet produced has the following property profile: Thickness 2 mm
• the PET plate After 1000 hours of weathering per side with the Atlas Ci 65 Weather Ometer, the PET plate shows the following properties:

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• 1996
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