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EP0708298B1 - Appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0708298B1
EP0708298B1 EP95115811A EP95115811A EP0708298B1 EP 0708298 B1 EP0708298 B1 EP 0708298B1 EP 95115811 A EP95115811 A EP 95115811A EP 95115811 A EP95115811 A EP 95115811A EP 0708298 B1 EP0708298 B1 EP 0708298B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
heating device
gases
primary
exhaustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95115811A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0708298A2 (fr
EP0708298A3 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Posch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0708298A2 publication Critical patent/EP0708298A2/fr
Publication of EP0708298A3 publication Critical patent/EP0708298A3/fr
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Publication of EP0708298B1 publication Critical patent/EP0708298B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L11/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers after the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/02—Preventing emission of flames or hot gases, or admission of air, through working or charging apertures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning in particular solid Fuels, as well as a corresponding device.
  • Solid fuels are used in many small systems as lockable fireplace inserts etc. used for heating living spaces, often also the open one Operation is desired so that the visual experience of the open fire can be enjoyed.
  • Solid fuels such as wood waste, straw, become more combustible in industrial plants Burned garbage on a large scale, using only energy and burning with the lowest possible pollutant emissions in the foreground stand.
  • a heating device is from the German utility model DE-U-9201234 known without an exhaust gas recirculation, in which the primary exhaust of the Flue gases into the afterburner also from a relatively deep one Point of the combustion chamber is carried out, the flue gases of the primary exhaust a nozzle arrangement before reaching the afterburning chamber pass through and secondary air at a distance from the nozzle assembly Point is admixed.
  • the primary fume hood through which the majority of the flue gases withdrawn from the combustion chamber and fed to the afterburning chamber, either arranged relatively low on the back wall, or directly in the floor the combustion chamber, preferably below the fuel. Because of this this is Primary print virtually invisible to the viewer, as he is always in the line of sight is covered by the fuel and by the flames themselves.
  • This main part of the flue gases is on the way from the combustion chamber to the After-combustion chamber is supplied with flue gas again via a first exhaust gas recirculation, which the combustion chamber - in a smaller compared to the primary fume cupboard Proportion - is withdrawn via a secondary deduction, if possible in one high point of the combustion chamber is arranged.
  • This flue gas extraction The secondary deduction causes a sufficiently large part the flames still is directed upwards, and the visual fire experience is almost unaffected is maintained.
  • the afterburner can also be due to the suction effect of the connected fireplace compared to the combustion chamber be used to on the one hand the flue gases from the primary exhaust to Let the afterburner flow quickly, and on the other hand through it alone Flow rate the secondary air supplied laterally in these flue gases as well as sucking in the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the flue gases that enter the combustion chamber through the secondary exhaust removed and passed on via the first exhaust gas recirculation can be supplied, which has already passed through the afterburner and strives for deduction. This will further reduce pollutants and an increase in the energy yield of the heater is achieved.
  • the pressure difference between the afterburner and the degree of Intake and admixing of secondary air and exhaust gases from the first Exhaust gas recirculation affects, should preferably in the afterburner existing negative pressure can be controlled with respect to the combustion chamber, in particular by changing the passage area from the afterburner to the extraction of the Heater.
  • one of the Boundary surfaces of the afterburner are cooled by air, Water or other heat transfer medium with lower Temperature is flowed, whereby the heated Heat transfer medium can also be used for heating purposes.
  • the afterburner is immediately next to the combustion chamber, since then the partition is not insulated must be, and preferably the afterburner with the combustion chamber one has the largest possible separation area in common.
  • This is for example with one standing directly behind the combustion chamber, relative in depth narrow combustion chamber, which has the additional advantage that the Introduction of the flue gases into the afterburner in the lower area and one Connection of the afterburner to the fume cupboard via a control flap on the one hand there is a natural chimney effect in the afterburner and on the other hand, the resulting negative pressure in the afterburner through Control flap can be regulated in a simple manner.
  • the back wall of the combustion chamber is now on the one hand such a second separating body in the form of a thick, vertical Plate formed.
  • a second separating body in the form of a thick, vertical Plate formed.
  • both separators point across for the primary flue gas extraction their main level at least one, in the first and second separators to each other aligned, at least in sections nozzle-like in cross section rejuvenating passage for the flue gases to the afterburner behind second separator.
  • This passage can be made up of individual, neighboring, passage openings completely enclosed by the respective separating body exist, or it can also be a continuous slot, etc. that on e.g. the top and bottom of different parts, each form together the same first or second separating body is limited, depending according to the required capacity of the passage or distance for the flue gases of the Primary trigger.
  • the high secondary exhaust for the flue gases is either formed in that the first separating body at a distance from the Boundary surfaces of the combustion chamber, i.e. below the ceiling of the Combustion chamber ends, and this distance forms the secondary deduction, the one there extracted smoke gases are directed down through the horizontal Distance between the first and second separating body, and by a the corresponding compound is added to the flue gases of the primary exhaust become. By the same distance be from the opposite side from the flue gases of the primary exhaust secondary air.
  • this first separator can be to Boundary surface of the combustion chamber approach, and instead individual, in the first separator integrated passages for the secondary trigger exhibit.
  • the second, acting as the back wall Separating body also contains above this passages, as high as possible, another passage for the second exhaust gas recirculation to exhaust gases from upper end of the afterburning chamber, which already go through the afterburning have to be returned to the primary exhaust gas recirculation.
  • this passage in the second separating body is tapered in a nozzle shape Cross-section be formed, but this time in the direction from the afterburner first exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the primary exhaust for the flue gases is not in the lower area of the rear wall of the combustion chamber, but in the floor, preferably directly below the Fuel, which is to be provided, it is recommended to use the first and second To form the separator in the side view L-shaped, namely preferably in one piece.
  • this hollow, essentially vertical separating body in the upper Area not connected to the surrounding surfaces of the combustion chamber is, but sufficiently large, high-lying openings to the combustion chamber has, the first exhaust gas recirculation through this hollow first separating body pass through while the secondary air from the first exhaust gas recirculation preferably opposite side of the nozzle arrangement is supplied.
  • the nozzle-like tapering of the flow cross-section for the Flue gases from the primary exhaust can be the lower outer surface of this first Partition from the combustion chamber sloping backwards while an increasing area in the same area from the bottom of the combustion chamber given is.
  • the first separating body also forms the Rear wall of the combustion chamber, so that there is no need for a second partition can be.
  • the first separator is only in the lower area - as in the previous one described solution - hollow, in the upper area, however, as a solid e.g. Moldings.
  • the secondary air can be supplied while the first Exhaust gas recirculation as described in the beginning by the distance between flows to the first separating body and the rear wall.
  • the secondary air along the side walls of the rear Area of the combustion chamber fed and obliquely in the area of Nozzle arrangement are introduced, regardless of whether the Nozzle arrangement the cross-sectional narrowing in horizontal or vertical Direction of view is provided, and regardless of the direction from which The flue gases of the secondary fume hood are supplied.
  • the boundary surfaces that the flue gases from the primary with the Introduce mixed proportions into the afterburner, into the afterburner protrude into it, and the combustion chamber on both sides of it To allow mouths to extend viewed in the side view of the tapering flow cross-section of the nozzle arrangement.
  • This is the Formation of smoke gas vortices, which greatly promote the afterburning, immediately adjacent to the mouth in the combustion chamber, on both sides of the Mouth and behind the front free face of the muzzle, possible.
  • each nozzle is spaced apart two feed bodies arranged vertically next to one another at a distance, which have an approximately triangular or frustoconical cross-section, with the tip towards the combustion chamber and the base towards the afterburning chamber.
  • These feed bodies are hollow and are made with secondary air and / or the flue gases of the primary exhaust gas recirculation, and therefore have in Area of their side faces towards the nozzles formed between them corresponding outlet openings.
  • the existing cavity can be undivided, and thus the supply of either secondary air or flue gases from the Serve secondary trigger in the nozzle assembly.
  • feed body in the Subdivide the central longitudinal axis again by a sheet, and in one half with secondary air and in the other half with flue gases from the secondary exhaust to act upon.
  • This requires a higher one Manufacturing effort for the feed body, and on the other hand, a more complicated Connection to the two mutual supply lines.
  • the feed body themselves are either formed from an angularly curved front panel, which the Forms the tip of the feed body, and a bottom inserted into the open base, the outlet openings 26 from the cavity enclosed thereby to the Environment preferably arranged in rows near this floor and are generated by stamping etc. before bending the front plate. Corresponding can also partially pass through these outlet openings Extensions of the bottom protrude outwards, which is a positive connection of the results in both parts.
  • Another option is to turn the floor itself into a shape form flat U, the free-ending outer leg in their Angular position correspond to the legs of the front plate, but one have less mutual distance.
  • a floor can be so Front panel are welded in that their respective freely ending legs end at the same height, and the welds are made at the bends of the Floor arranged. This leaves passage space between the welds the free distance between the freely ending legs of the front panel and Bottom into it, which together with the outlet openings of the feed body form.
  • the feed body is in a surrounding frame added or arranged individually, it is advantageous to adjust the size of the Outlet openings of the gases to be supplied from the supply bodies in the To make the nozzle arrangement changeable.
  • the individual parts that make up the feed body in their mutual distance from each other can be adjustable, the one in between located, thereby changed gap represents the outlet opening.
  • each Outlet openings are preferably dependent on Residual oxygen content of the flue gases leaving the afterburner set. This can be done using an automatic actuator such as a servo motor, or manually by - for a single feed body or for the whole Nozzle arrangement - this mutual distance e.g. with help of a Screw thread can be adjusted.
  • this channel-like formation also prevents it Deposits such as dust, oxidation residues or the like on the Outlet openings, as these are also directed by the gases flowing along are constantly removed. This clogs the outlet openings largely prevented.
  • the front, V-shaped front panel instead of one or Connect two tubes to a tubular profile, the cross section of which is approximately the width of the Corresponds to the front part at the rear end.
  • Pipe cross section itself and on the other hand that through the front part and that in narrow Spaced tube formed cavity in question.
  • outlet openings are of course also provided, namely preferably near the distance between the V-shaped front part and the pipe, but still within the half of the front facing Pipe Profiles.
  • the size of the outlet openings can be adjusted by adjusting the Individual parts of the feed body can be adjusted against each other.
  • the frame itself is preferably formed in one piece, depending on the design however, two or even more individual parts are necessary, the separating surface between two individual parts either a plane perpendicular to the Flow direction of the nozzle arrangement can be, or also a plane parallel to this and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the feed body.
  • Such a molded frame is not only simpler and cheaper produce, but also has a 100 times lower Thermal expansion as a fire-resistant steel sheet. This makes installation easier this frame into the opening e.g. in the back wall of a corresponding Heater quite significant, but on the other hand, the much larger one Thermal expansion of the feed body compared to practically none Thermal expansion underlying frame can be compensated. This will preferably achieved in that the free body in the longitudinal direction, in usually closed, the end of the feed body in the cold state none too close opposite boundary surface of the frame. Rather penetrate the feed body usually one - e.g. upper - leg of the frame complete, but end in the opposite - e.g. lower - thigh either in a blind hole or also in a through opening of the Frame, with a sufficient cold clearance even at ends in a blind hole between the feed body and the bottom of the blind hole in the frame, to be able to absorb the thermal expansion.
  • the corresponding recesses are in the cross-sectional direction of the feed body and breakthroughs in the frame when cold significantly larger than that corresponding outer cross sections of the feed body.
  • This gap can be prevented by falling ash parts etc. e.g. attached to the outer periphery of the molded body and the gap overlapping cuff made of sheet steel etc. are covered.
  • a particularly simple design of the nozzle arrangement is achieved if the Supply body alternately for the supply of secondary air and smoke gases from the Secondary fume cupboard used and the supply lines for the two Gases for this on the one hand above or in the upper leg of the frame and on the other hand arranged underneath or in the lower leg of the frame and fixed connected to their respective associated feed bodies, preferably are welded.
  • the entire, can Feeding bodies and supply line, units made of sheet steel in one integrally formed, equipped with corresponding breakthroughs Simply insert the frame from above or below.
  • the design of the frame only has to be dispensed with if the sleeves for Covering the gap between the feed bodies and the corresponding ones Recesses in the frame before assembling the nozzle arrangement are firmly connected to the feed bodies.
  • the one-piece construction of the frame can be maintained if this frame - viewed from the top - the feed bodies are not completely encloses, but only on its front, i.e. to the combustion chamber executed, and in the area between the feed bodies, but not on theirs Back.
  • this would make it possible to feed the entire body Sheet steel parts of the nozzle arrangement in the corresponding open Simply insert recesses in the frame, which also creates the problem of the gap in the cross-sectional view of the feed body compared to the The frame partially fixes itself, because if you insert it tightly in the cold Condition and subsequent heating of the strongly expanding steel sheet feed body automatically from the wedge-shaped opening towards the rear Partially move recesses in the frame.
  • Nozzle effect of the nozzle arrangement can be further increased by in addition to Tapering of the nozzles in the horizontal plane tapering the overall curvature flow cross section is achieved in the vertical plane by the upper and lower legs of the frame partially or wholly from the Combustion chamber side inclined inwards towards the interior of the frame is trained.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a heating device according to the invention, as they e.g. can be used as a fireplace insert in living rooms.
  • the connection of the Combustion chamber 2, in which the fuel 3 lies on the floor and burns, can Opening a mostly glass door 22, which can be moved away upwards are, the primary air 4 necessary for the combustion by the Front, about the spaces between door 22 and the housing of the Heater, flows into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the flue gases can escape from the combustion chamber 2 in several ways: in the ceiling of the combustion chamber, if possible directly above the fuel 3, is as Direct trigger 16 a direct trigger flap 17 is arranged. About this way reach the flue gases by constant upward flow and thus with least resistance and shortest way the trigger 6.
  • the direct trigger 16 is opened for the heating phase when the trigger and the the fireplace behind it is not yet sufficiently heated, and so that there is still too little train in the trigger 6 to the smoke gases over the other, with increased resistance, to lead what would cause some of the flue gases to pass through the primary air path Living space would leak.
  • Opening the direct deduction is also necessary if - after successful Heating up - the door 22 is opened, because then the smoke gases escape forward into the living room is possible.
  • the positive connection between the door 22 and the direct trigger flap 17 can be given by a cable pull over one or more pulleys is performed so that an opening of the door 22 a simultaneous opening of the Direct trigger flap 17 causes.
  • this direct trigger flap can be opened by pressing a pivoted, two-armed lever 42 one of the two pulleys of the Cable 43 is shifted in the direction of shortening the cable path by this deflection roller is mounted on one arm of the lever 42.
  • the other exhaust routes of the flue gases from the combustion chamber like those after The primary fume cupboard is used to carry out the heating phase 14, which is located deep on the back wall or the side walls, or even can be in the ground under the fuel 3, and over which the majority of Flue gases are suctioned off, and a secondary exhaust 15, if possible high in one of the surrounding walls, preferably the rear wall, the Combustion chamber is arranged.
  • the first takes place Exhaust gas recirculation in that the distance in front of the rear wall and the distance to Ceiling of the combustion chamber 2, a first partition 10 is arranged so that the first exhaust gas recirculation over the upper edge of this separator and through the Distance between the separating body 10 and the rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber towards the bottom of the nozzle arrangement 7, to which there is an opening.
  • the secondary air is in this case horizontal Supply body 24 supplied, which is hollow and openings for Has nozzle arrangement 7 out.
  • the nozzles consist of the in Flow direction approaching boundary surfaces both the separating body 10 and the feed body 24 or one under the Feed body 24 of further separating body 10 'projecting from below.
  • This approach makes a nozzle function with acceleration and under Pressure achieved without a fan or similar auxiliary devices for the supply of secondary air etc. automatically draws in these gas components to be mixed, and depending on the amount of the primary deduction exhausted fumes.
  • the afterburner 13 In the upper area of the afterburner 13 there is also an opening to the given first exhaust gas recirculation 11, which makes part of the afterburner 13 leaving smoke gases as the second exhaust gas recirculation 12 again the first Exhaust gas recirculation 11 1 is supplied, and thus the afterburner 13 again passes.
  • the train or underpressure prevailing in the afterburning chamber 13 can pass through Changing the position of the damper 9 between the afterburner and the Deduction 6 can be changed.
  • FIG Heat exchanger 19 formed by a heat transfer medium, such as air or water.
  • a heat transfer medium such as air or water.
  • FIG. 2 the construction of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11 is compared to FIG. 1 solved differently by firstly the first separating body 10 or 10 ', which in FIG Made of sheet steel, shown as a solid, plate-shaped molded body is made of a refractory, pourable material. Also the Rear wall 8 can be in an analogous manner as a solid, molded body be made.
  • the passage for the primary trigger 14 through the two molded bodies 10, 10 'or 30, 30 ' is also aligned in this case, the rear of the Through openings of the first and second shaped bodies 10, 10 ', 30, 30' Appropriate extensions are available to the existing in one case Distance between the two molded bodies for the first exhaust gas recirculation on the To reduce the amount of passage opening required in the nozzle arrangement, and in the second case the mouth protrudes into the afterburner 13 cause.
  • the two separating bodies 10, 10 'and 30, 30' can each be one-piece molded parts, and the passages 21, 21 'completely from the molded body enclosed through openings. Likewise, however, it can only be a distance 21 between two separate parts 10 and 10 'or 30 and 30' then act each multi-part molded body.
  • a solution is shown in Fig. 3, in which the primary deduction - in 3 shown with only one nozzle - in the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, is therefore preferably located directly below the fuel 3.
  • the shaped bodies 10 and 30 preferably angled in the side view.
  • FIGS. 4 described below also show and 5 solutions with a nozzle arrangement in which the cross-sectional constriction in the nozzle arrangement 7 takes place in the drawn vertical plane.
  • the separating body 10 is not one all around closed hollow body, but with an opening in the upper area towards the combustion chamber so that this opening as a secondary fume cupboard 15 acts, and thus the flue gases through the cavity 34 of this first separating body 10 are guided downwards.
  • the cavity 34 has in the lower region a connection to the nozzle 5 of the nozzle arrangement 7, in or at the end into their narrowing area.
  • the outflow opening from the cavity 34 is preferably itself nozzle-shaped.
  • the rear vertical wall of the separating body forms 10 at the same time the rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber and the partition for Afterburner 13 out.
  • the shape of the nozzle 5 comes on the one hand from the front to the back down sloping outer surface 36 of the separating body 10 in the lower region and on the other hand, by a surface that rises in the opposite direction from front to back 37, which begins at the level of the bottom of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the length of the nozzle is thus determined by the length of the outer surface 36 of the separating body 10 and thus indirectly determined by its thickness.
  • the supply of secondary air 5 can in this solution from below in the Nozzle 40 into it, at about the same height, however opposite to the supply of the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11.
  • one on the underside of the nozzle is preferred pivotally arranged baffle plate 38 attached so that by changing them Angular position between parallel to the direction of flow through the nozzle 40 flue gases flowing through or the swirling almost perpendicular to this can be influenced when flowing into the afterburning chamber 13.
  • Fig. 5 shows a slightly different solution: here is the first Separating body 10 formed as a hollow body only in its lower region, and in in this case the secondary air 5 is supplied to this lower cavity 39.
  • the formation of the lower end of this cavity towards the nozzle 40 with connecting opening is the same as in Fig. 4.
  • the Partition 10 not the separation to the afterburner 13, but is in the Distance in front of the actual rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber, so that - as in the Solution according to FIG. 1 - the flue gases of the first exhaust gas recirculation via or through the upper region of the separating body 10 and then through whose distance to the rear wall 8 can flow down to the nozzle 40.
  • a nozzle arrangement 7 which is substantially wider than is high. This means that when it is narrowed in a horizontal plane Juxtaposing multiple nozzles 40 within the nozzle array 7 necessary.
  • the individual nozzles are thereby in the supervision in Flow direction of the flue gases from the primary exhaust 14 to the afterburner 13 reducing distance between two side by side Feed bodies 24, 25 are formed.
  • These feed bodies as are shown in detail, for example, in FIG. 7 are shown in different designs, have one in Flow direction widening outer contour, so that by the Juxtaposing several such inflow bodies between the individual Nozzles 40 are formed.
  • the feed body 24, 25 thus have one preferably a triangular or frustoconical cross-section when viewed from above, but also semicircular or circular for manufacturing reasons Cross sections are conceivable because of the use of simple or halved tubes.
  • the feed bodies 24 and 25 are each formed from an angularly curved, V-shaped front part, the base of a bottom 28, that is, a sheet metal part welded or clamped there is closed, whereby the cavity is formed in the interior of the feed part.
  • this cavity has over which Secondary air or the flue gases of the secondary exhaust of the nozzle arrangement are fed, in the rear part of the front panel, close to the bottom 28, in In the longitudinal direction, a plurality of outlet openings 26 are spaced apart also a more or less continuous slit along this floor can act.
  • the free ends of the front part 27 protrude towards the rear the floor 28 and should thus protrude into the afterburner 13, in order to have particularly good swirling there when the gas mixture flows in and To cause mixing of the individual components.
  • FIG. 7 shows a slightly different construction Variant
  • the bottom 28 itself is again approximately U-shaped, however with a width slightly less than the width at the rear, open end of the V-shaped Front part 27.
  • the connection between the bottom part 28 and the front part 27 can approximately in the area of the respective bend of the floor 28 are formed by a correspondingly thick weld point 41 in depth, a large number of which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction as in Fig. 8 in a rear view of the lowermost feed body of the Fig. 7 shown. This creates a between the individual welding points 41 Plenty of outlet openings 26 that mix well here cause escaping gas with the flue gases in the nozzle 40.
  • the respective supply line 24a, 25a is located longitudinally on the upper or lower cross leg of the frame 29 on or in a well prepared there.
  • the feed bodies 24, 25 also project there their free ends into corresponding recesses 31, in the cold State between the free end of the feed body 24, 25 and the bottom thereof Wells 31 remains such a large distance that when heating occurring elongation of the feed body can be easily absorbed can.
  • the passages 32 and stiffeners 31 are also larger in their cross-sectional shape than the feed body when cold.
  • existing passages or recesses are the in cold condition especially large cracks along the circumference between Feed bodies and the surrounding frame 29 by a kind of cuff in Form of a collar 33 covered.
  • the collar 33 is usually also made of refractory sheet steel as the feed body, and can, but does not have to this be fixed. For example, such a collar can be loosely attached to the Feed body are plugged in, which is the assembly of the nozzle assembly very much facilitated.
  • the nozzle-shaped one Narrowing in the solution according to FIG. 9 especially in the horizontal plane as shown in Fig. 9b, caused by a further nozzle-shaped constriction through the upper and lower legs of the frame 29 in a vertical Level are supported.
  • the distance between the upper and lower legs of the frame 29, which is usually in depth, that is the width of FIG. 9c, viewed in the direction of flow of the flue gases the feed body begins and usually ends only after this, both in the Area before and in the area after each other, which also in the vertical a reduction in the cross section of the free space 45 of the frame 29 and thus the nozzle arrangement 7 is given.
  • the frame 29, as shown in FIGS. 9, is preferably in one piece cast. However, if the cuffs 33 are fixed with the Feed bodies 24, 25 are to be connected, is a push through Feed body through the one-piece frame 29 from above or below in the Usually not possible. In this case, the frame 29 will either be two separate parts 29a, 29b, which are in a vertical central plane touch as shown in the right part of FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 6 also shows on the right edge that it - up to a certain width of the Nozzle arrangement - it is also possible, via the feed body 25, only that Feed flue gases from the secondary exhaust of the nozzle arrangement, the Secondary air 5, however, laterally, along the sides of the combustion chamber and through a corresponding passage 46 in the frame 29 obliquely into the Initiate nozzle arrangement or the subsequent afterburner 13.
  • FIG. 10 shows a V-shaped front part 27 and a tube behind it existing feed body.
  • the flue gas recirculation 11 takes place for example by the cavity formed by the front part 27 and tube 48, and the Distance between the two parts is the outlet opening 26 for the flue gases Return 11 represents.
  • Further outlet openings 26 'for the secondary air exist in Openings in the cross section of the tube 48, just outside of that of the Front part 27 covered part of the tube cross section 48, but still within the this front part 27 facing half of the tube cross section.
  • FIG. 11 shows a solution, as is preferably the case with a Positioning of the nozzle arrangement 7 below the fuel 3, ie in the floor of combustion chamber 2, it makes sense:
  • round tube profiles 49 that form the front part offers a large contact area for the fuel, and especially in the upper one
  • the area of the nozzle arrangement is narrower than in the lower one Area, causing fuel to fall into the space between the feed body and clogging of the nozzle assembly are kept relatively low becomes.
  • Half the tubular profile 49 follows on the side facing away from the combustion chamber 2 again a bottom 48 with a substantially U-shaped shape and angled outside striving free ends 28a, 28b. These free ends 28a, 28b stand further into the nozzle 40 than half the tube profile 49 They act at an acute angle to the flow direction of the primary trigger 14 additionally as a baffle plate, and improve the mixing between the inflowing gas.
  • FIG. 12 Another slightly different form of the feed body, as it is especially for vertical feed body can be used is shown in Fig. 12.
  • the feed body is designed similarly to the representations in FIG. 7, however with an additional floor 28 ', so that between the front part 27, the first floor 28th and second floor 28 'two separate supply spaces for secondary air and that Flue gas of the first exhaust gas recirculation 11 are formed.
  • These parts are screwed along a threaded rod that is fixed to the first Bottom 28 is connected, adjustable. Instead of a threaded rod, a Lever linkage etc. are used, which is above all the possibility of joint adjustment of several feed bodies, e.g. over the whole Nozzle arrangement 7, there.
  • the free legs 28a, 28b or 28'a, 28'b or 27a, 27b which are substantially parallel or preferably towards the free end run against each other at an acute angle, over a sufficient Distance lie next to one another, as a result of which the corresponding outlet openings 26 can be formed like a channel.
  • the distance of these channel-like configurations is the outflowing gases, i.e. the Secondary air 5 or the flue gas of the first flue gas return 11 a Flow direction forced, with which this into the flue gas of the Primary trigger 14 flow in at an acute angle, and due to their existing kinetic energy penetrate relatively far into the flow of the primary trigger 14, which causes good mixing.
  • a further improvement in the mixing results when the free legs 28'a, 28'b of the rearmost floor 28 'protrude further than that corresponding free leg of the parts of the feed body 24 in front, since due to the inclination of this free leg in relation to the flow direction the primary trigger 14 this free end also acts as a kind of baffle, and an additional swirl at this point with mixing with the supplied gases causes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Procédé pour combustion, spécialement des combustibles solides à l'air primaire où se passe une combustion supplémentaire des gaz brûlés qui sont introduis dans une chambre de combustion supplémentaire par l'adjonction d'air secondaire, où
    l'évacuation primaire (14) du gaz brûlé est faite dans un point en profondeur de la chambre de combustion (2) et
    on ajoute aux gaz brûlés introduis par l'évacuation primaire (14) à leur transmission dans la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13), supplémentairement par une première conduite de gaz brûlés (11) les gaz brûlés extraits de la chambre de combustion (2) par un orifice d'évacuation secondaire (15) situé dans la partie d'en haut de la chambre de combustion,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    l'adjonction des gaz brûlés (4) se fait par absorption c'est à dire dans les gaz brûlés de la évacuation primaire (14) on ajoute l'air secondaire (5) et les gaz brûlés de la première conduite de gaz brûlés pendant que les gaz brûlés de l'évacuation primaire (14) parcourent un group d'ajustages avant d'arriver dans la chambre de combustion supplémentaire.
  2. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    la dépression dans la chambre de combustion supplémentaire est réalisée par la variation de la surface de passage d'entre la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) et la partie d'évacuation (6) et/ou par la variation des autres surfaces de passage entre la chambre de combustion (2) et la partie d'évacuation (6).
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les quantités d'air secondaire et/ou de gaz brûlés introduis par la conduite de gaz brûlés (11) dans les gaz brûlés introduis à l'évacuation primaire dans une unité de temps sont réglées en fonction du contenu en oxygène résiduel des gaz brûlés qui quittent la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13).
  4. Dispositif de combustion, surtout pour l'utilisation du procédé, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes avec :
    une chambre de combustion (2) où on brûle le combustible (3),
    une chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) où arrivent par l'évacuation primaire (14) les gaz brûlés de la chambre de combustion (2) qui sont aspirés par l'adjonction d'air secondaire pour une combustion supplémentaire et
    une première conduite de gaz brûlés (11) de laquelle on introduit les gaz brûlés extraits de la chambre de combustion (2) par l'entremise d'un orifice secondaire (15) situé dans la partie en haut de la chambre de combustion (2) aux gaz brûlés introduis par l'évacuation primaire (14) sur leur parcours de la chambre de combustion (2) à la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13),
       caractérisé par la fait que
    sur le plafond de la chambre de combustion (2) se trouve un orifice d'évacuation directe (16) qui peut être obturé avec un clapet (17) et qui est en liaison la plus court possible avec la partie d'évacuation (6) pour le procès de préchauffage.
    les conduites pour les gaz brûlés entre l'évacuation primaire (14) de la chambre de combustion (2) et la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) ont sur au moins une partie de leur longueur un group d'ajustages (7) où la section transversale du courant de gaz brûlés est réduite au moins sur une partie de son parcours et dans la zone du group d'ajustages font l'alimentation la conduite d'air secondaire et celle de gaz brûlés,
  5. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    au group d'ajustages (7) on produit la réduction de la section transversale mesurée en plan vertical et seulement un ou, peu d'ajustages sont disposés l'un sur l'autre.
    (fig. 6)
  6. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    le group d'ajustages est beaucoup plus large que haut
    la réduction de la section transversale mesurée dans le plan horizontal se produit dans la zone du group d'ajustages (7), et
    les ajustages individuels sont placés ayant intercalé les corps d'alimentation tubulaires (24, 25), pour l'air secondaire (5) par exemple et pour la première conduite des gaz brûlés (11).
  7. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation 24 présentent une section à peu près triangulaire dont la base est vers la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) et la pointe vers la chambre de combustion (2).
    (fig. 7)
  8. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sont sous divisés dans le plan de symétrie de leur section en deux cavités distinctes, l'une pour l'alimentation de l'air secondaire (5) et l'autre pour la première conduite des gaz brûlés (11).
  9. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    sur les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) il y a des orifices de sortie (26) près de la base de la section triangulaire, c'est à dire dans la zone derrière des corps d'alimentation (24, 25).
  10. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) pénètrent dedans la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) par la paroi de délimitation de la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) de la chambre de combustion.
  11. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les orifices de sortie (26) des corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sont disposés aux bouts derrière qui sont les plus proches de la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13).
  12. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les orifices de sortie (26) ayant la forme de canaux, forcent le courant de gaz qui sort des corps d'alimentation d'avoir une certaine direction d'écoulement.
  13. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sont constitués d'
    une pièce frontale ayant la forme de la lettre "V"(27)
    une première plaque de base derrière (28) orientée vers la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) ayant la forme de la section à peu près de la lettre "U" et dont les bras libres (28a, 28 b) ont à peu près la même direction des bouts libres de la pièce frontale (27).
    une deuxième plaque de base analogue (28') placée derrière sur la direction de la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) de sorte que par rapport à la première plaque de base (28) qui se trouve au milieu, la deuxième plaque de base (28') et/ou la pièce frontale (27) sont variables en ce qui concerne la distance opposée d'entre elles.
  14. Dispositif de combustion, suivant la revendication 12,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    la pièce frontale (27) et la plaque de base (28) peuvent être déplacées l'une par rapport à l'autre en ce qui concerne leur distance relative.
  15. Dispositif de combustion, suivant la revendication 14,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les bras libres de la pièce frontale, de la première et de la deuxième plaque de base s'approchent l'un de l'autre vers le bout.
  16. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) qui sont constitués d'une pièce frontale (27) ayant la forme de la lettre "V" avec les côtés vers la chambre de combustion (2) et un tube (48) situé derrière et à distance de celle-ci qui est orienté vers la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) de sorte que dans l'espace libre d'entre la pièce frontale (27) et le tube (48) d'une part et la section du tube, d'autre part puisse être alimenté de l'air secondaire par exemple, respectivement des gaz brûlés, parce que le tube (48) présente les orifices de sortie (26) dans l'appropriation de la distance du tube (48) par rapport à la pièce frontale (27).
  17. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sont constitués d'un demi profil de tube (49) spécialement de forme ronde ayant la partie ronde vers la chambre de combustion (2) et une plaque de base (28) ayant la forme de la lettre "U" qui se trouve à distance de ce profil rond et dans une position éloignée de la chambre de combustion (2).
  18. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les pièces individuelles des corps d'alimentation (24, 25) peuvent être réglées en ce qui concerne la distance d'entre elles soit individuellement, soit ensemble par la disposition d'ajustages.
  19. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les bras libres de la pièce individuelle des corps (24, 25) qui se trouvent à la plus grande distance de la chambre de combustion (2) pénètrent dedans, plus profondément dans un ajustage (40) du group d'ajustages (7) que les bras libres des autres pièces des corps d'alimentation (24, 25) et forment par cela un angle aigu par rapport à la direction d'écoulement de l'ajustage (40) et par ça ils agissent comme une tôle protectrice antichoc.
    (fig. 8)
  20. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sont de tôle d'acier qui résiste à haute température de sorte que la pièce frontale (27) ayant la forme de la lettre "V", par la plaque de base (28) située derrière, orientée vers la chambre de combustion supplémentaire (13) déroule ses bras libres (28a, 28b) parallèlement et à distance par rapport aux bouts libres de la pièce frontale (27).
  21. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    sur la direction longitudinale des corps d'alimentation par la liaison seulement partiale entre la pièce frontale (27) et la plaque de base (28) sont formés les orifices d'écoulement sur la direction d'écoulement.
  22. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    le group d'ajustages (7) est formé d'une multitude de corps d'alimentation (24, 25) placés verticalement l'un près de l'autre qui, si on les regarde de la direction d'écoulement du group d'ajustages, sont placés sur un cadre (29) dont ils le pénètrent partiellement ou totalement, le cadre (29) étant un corps massif, d'un matériel qui peut être moulé par exemple béton réfractaire, céramique SIC ou chamotte.
  23. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    l'introduction d'air secondaire (5) d'une part et des gaz brûlés (11) d'autre part, se réalise dans les parties qui se trouvent vis à vis l'une par rapport à l'autre (par exemple en haut respectivement en bas) du cadre (29) et les conduites d'alimentation correspondantes (24a, 25a) se déroulent dans ou sur les côtés supérieurs respectivement inférieurs du cadre et les corps d'alimentation (24) respectivement (25) avec leurs conduites correspondantes d'alimentation (24a) respectivement (25a) sont unies de manière étanche à l'un de leur côtés frontales et sont fermés de manière étanche à l'autre côté frontal.
  24. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    les corps d'alimentation (24, 25) sur leur côté vers les conduites d'alimentation correspondantes (24a) respectivement (25a) pénètrent totalement le côté correspondant du cadre (29) par les orifices de passage correspondant (32) et à leur bout libre dans la partie opposée il y a des cavités enfoncées, de sorte que dans l'état froid il y a une grande distance entre le bout libre des corps d'alimentation (24, 25) et le bout des cavités (31).
  25. Dispositif de combustion, suivant l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif,
       caractérisé par le fait que
    au moins les orifices de passage (32) qui se trouvent sur le côté en bas du cadre (29) des corps d'alimentation (24) respectivement (25) qui sont fermés dans la partie en haut et liés dans la partie en bas par des conduites d'alimentation (24a) respectivement (25a), présentent un épaulement extérieur (33), proéminent sur les corps d'alimentation qui couvre la distance d'entre l'orifice de passage (32) qui est plus grand et la cavité (31).
EP95115811A 1994-10-06 1995-10-06 Appareil de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0708298B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4435748 1994-10-06
DE4435748A DE4435748C2 (de) 1994-10-06 1994-10-06 Heizvorrichtung

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EP0708298B1 true EP0708298B1 (fr) 2003-01-08

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Cited By (2)

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DE202009016163U1 (de) 2009-11-26 2010-03-04 Grasmann, Paul Heizvorrichtung
CN102705836A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 锅炉给料设备上用的防回火装置

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DK9700348U3 (da) * 1997-09-23 1997-12-29 Greenfire Aps Stokerbrændeovn til træpiller
DE29720007U1 (de) * 1997-11-11 1998-01-02 Posch, Heribert, 83627 Warngau Heizvorrichtung
GB9921798D0 (en) * 1999-09-16 1999-11-17 Hacohen Josef Gas stoves
DE102010051600A1 (de) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizkessel
US10197286B2 (en) * 2011-05-04 2019-02-05 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Combustion system
DE102011117950B4 (de) * 2011-11-08 2014-09-25 Heribert Posch Primärabzug für eine Heizvorrichtung für feste Brennstoffe sowie ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Primärabzugs
AU2014244632B2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2018-11-08 Jason Joren Jens STEWART An improved combustion system
DE102014002276A1 (de) * 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 Karl Stefan Riener Rauchgasklappeneinrichtung
GB2533222A (en) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-15 Xtralec Ltd Improved combustion apparatus
JP6694299B2 (ja) * 2016-03-15 2020-05-13 太田 匡子 焼却炉
PL444656A1 (pl) * 2023-04-27 2024-10-28 Marcin Nykiel Kocioł zgazowujący centralnego ogrzewania z systemem oddymiania komory załadowczej, kanał oddymiający kotła zgazowującego oraz metoda wymuszania ciągu spalin zgazowanych

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GB2072831A (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-07 Towler M O Supplying secondary combustion air
DK148123C (da) * 1980-12-02 1985-08-05 Passat 81 A S Centralvarmekedel med efterbraender
DE9201234U1 (de) * 1992-02-01 1992-04-16 Buderus Heiztechnik GmbH, 6330 Wetzlar Heizvorrichtung für feste Brennstoffe
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DE202009016163U1 (de) 2009-11-26 2010-03-04 Grasmann, Paul Heizvorrichtung
CN102705836A (zh) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司 锅炉给料设备上用的防回火装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0708298A2 (fr) 1996-04-24
ATE230841T1 (de) 2003-01-15
EP0708298A3 (fr) 1999-04-21
DE59510526D1 (de) 2003-02-13
DE4435748A1 (de) 1996-04-11
DE4435748C2 (de) 1997-08-14

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