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EP0364835B1 - Müllsammelfahrzeug - Google Patents

Müllsammelfahrzeug Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0364835B1
EP0364835B1 EP89118594A EP89118594A EP0364835B1 EP 0364835 B1 EP0364835 B1 EP 0364835B1 EP 89118594 A EP89118594 A EP 89118594A EP 89118594 A EP89118594 A EP 89118594A EP 0364835 B1 EP0364835 B1 EP 0364835B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refuse collection
support plate
container
collection container
collection vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89118594A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0364835A1 (de
Inventor
Erich Winter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HALLER UMWELTSYSTEME GMBH & CO.
Original Assignee
Kellner AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kellner AG filed Critical Kellner AG
Priority to AT89118594T priority Critical patent/ATE71914T1/de
Publication of EP0364835A1 publication Critical patent/EP0364835A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0364835B1 publication Critical patent/EP0364835B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
    • B65F3/143—Means facilitating the separation of the charging, distributing or compressing devices from the tank of refuse vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F3/08—Platform elevators or hoists with guides or runways for raising or tipping receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F2003/006—Constructional features relating to the tank of the refuse vehicle
    • B65F2003/008—Constructional features relating to the tank of the refuse vehicle interchangeable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refuse collection vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Chassis of the aforementioned type are known from the brochure "Progress with FAUN UMWELTTECHNIK” from FAUN crutechnik GmbH, D-2860 Osterholz-Scharmbeck.
  • this system commercially available chassis and known refuse collection bodies with the required lifting and tipping devices are used, the mobility for the individual disposal phases, namely the collection, transport and emptying, being created with swap bodies.
  • a usual rear loading is provided for existing waste containers.
  • the garbage collection containers should be changed backwards.
  • the pressing device remaining on the chassis is first raised. Then the filled garbage collector is put down to the rear.
  • the containers are changed on a corresponding storage area and transported further on the road by means of large transport units or fed to a waste treatment plant by rail.
  • the discharge plate remains in the waste collection container so that each container can be completely emptied.
  • the combined lifting and tipping device and pressing device is pivotally mounted at the upper end of two supports that protrude from the long sides of the chassis and can be swiveled from a vertical position by 90 ° into a horizontal position, in which it is one position at a distance above the waste collection container located on the chassis occupies.
  • the garbage container can then be removed backwards from the chassis and placed on the container's own supports.
  • the chassis picks up an empty waste collection container from the rear and the combined lifting and tipping device and pressing device is pivoted back into its vertical position against the back of the empty waste collection container on the chassis, so that the vehicle is ready for a new waste collection insert.
  • AT-PS 384,799 describes a tilting device for emptying a refuse container, in particular for refuse collection vehicles, which has a frame, a guide provided on the frame for a carriage which can be adjusted in height by means of a lifting drive, and which carries receiving arms for the refuse container, and with is provided at least one swivel gear for the receiving arms, which consists of a pivotally connected to the receiving arms pivot lever.
  • the swivel lever engages in a link which is fixed to the frame and which has a section parallel to the guide of the carriage and an upwardly adjoining section which runs transversely to the guide and is at a distance below the upper guide end.
  • the guide for the car forms a straight guide for two lateral carriage slides, in which one the receiving arms for the waste container load-bearing tilt shaft is rotatably supported, the pivot lever of the swivel gear acting on the tilt shaft.
  • the guide consists of two mutually open, cross-sectionally U-shaped rails, between the legs of which the parallel to the rails, engages on the carriage slide lifting drive.
  • the backdrop of the swivel drive is arranged in the direction of the tilting shaft outside the rails of the guide on the frame.
  • the tilting shaft penetrates the web at least of the rail adjacent to the link in a long hole.
  • the pivot lever engages a stub of the tilting shaft passing through the rail and runs in the space between the link and the adjacent rail.
  • a garbage truck with a box is known, which can be removed from above with automatic centering from the chassis frame and placed thereon, with a loading device at its rear lower end being designed as a support surface with which it can be exchanged when the box is replaced the roadway supports the stability of the To ensure garbage trucks when removing the fully loaded box.
  • AT-PS 314,429 shows a large-capacity rubbish transport container with a front door, which is designed as an end flap that can be pivoted about hinges located above.
  • a filler opening is provided in the end flap, which can be closed by a closure cap, which can optionally be connected to the end flap or with a pressure stamp of a stuffing device and is fitted into the filler opening without overlap.
  • DE-OS 3420058 describes a refuse collection vehicle with containers designed as swap bodies with a pouring unit firmly connected to the vehicle.
  • the pouring opening and a lifting and tipping device for the refuse container are provided in the front area of the vehicle.
  • the container contains a conveyor and press device for the garbage emptied into the pouring opening.
  • the pour-in opening is located partly above the driver's cab and partly between it and a dumping unit arranged in the container in the area behind and above the driver's cab.
  • a base rail arranged on a lifting arm of the lifting and tilting device which can be pivoted about a transverse axis can be pivoted between its receiving area below and in front of the driver's cab and its dumping area above and behind the driver's cab and is provided with extendable and / or pivotable devices for coupling to provided waste containers.
  • the garbage container loading plant unit should be easy to assemble and handle on existing series vehicles.
  • the garbage collection vehicle is designed with an interchangeable garbage container and a loading mechanism arranged on the rear side of the latter so that the loading mechanism is mounted on the chassis on the one hand and detachably attached to the garbage container on the other can. It can be unlocked from its locked position with the waste container in the operating state and pivoted about a vertical axis that is approximately vertical in the position of use to the right and / or left side of the vehicle into a position in which the waste container is removed from the waste collection vehicle or applied to it can be. After swiveling the loader away, the dumpster can be removed from the vehicle in reverse or attached to it.
  • the loading unit can be mounted on a motor-driven hydraulic support structure attached to the chassis.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the chassis of the aforementioned type so that the garbage can be quickly replaced, the weight of the chassis is reduced by a simple and lightweight design of the pressing device with integrated lifting and tilting device and still a safe derivation of the pressing process Reactive forces occurring in the chassis and in the waste collection container is guaranteed.
  • the invention makes it possible to collect garbage and waste material in commercially available garbage collection containers and to replace them in a very short time by means of the lifting and lowering device assigned to the supporting frame of the chassis.
  • the one-piece rear wall of the refuse collection container is used not only to open and close the refuse collection container, but also to accommodate the pressing device. Since the support plate is in its changing position below the support surface of the support frame, the lifting and lowering device can lower the support frame after the parking supports of the waste collection container have been moved into their operating position, so that the chassis moves away under the supported waste collection container in the direction of travel and immediately under one standby empty garbage collection container can be driven to accommodate the same.
  • the front and rear axles of the chassis are preferably fully air-sprung, the frame of the chassis being suitable for holding 20-foot containers according to the ISO standard.
  • the support plate with the pressing device and integrated lifting and tilting device can be pivoted by approximately 90 ° between the approximately horizontal resting or changing position and the approximately vertical loading and pressing position.
  • the pressing device serves as a control element for locking the support plate and preferably consists of at least one screw conveyor, but can also be designed as a telescopic plunger.
  • the pivotable rear wall of the refuse collection container is arched towards the inside of the container in order to better absorb the reaction forces that occur in the container when the refuse is pressed. This bulging of the rear wall also reduces the overhang to the rear.
  • the support frame of the chassis for the refuse collection container can be formed by a customary additional frame of the chassis frame, the front axle (s) and the rear axle (s) of the chassis being (are) air-sprung. Without the air suspension or in addition to this, the support frame can, however, consist of a special pressure-medium-operated lifting frame which, regardless of the suspension of the chassis, enables the garbage collection container to be raised and lowered quickly and, if necessary, in conjunction with an air suspension of the chassis, an even longer travel distance Lift frame allows.
  • a garbage collection vehicle 10 is shown in the figures, the chassis 12 of which carries an exchangeable garbage collection container 14.
  • a support plate 16 is pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis 18 by means of an actuating device 20 between a horizontal change or rest position shown in FIG. 1 and a vertical loading or pressing position shown in FIG. 2.
  • a lifting and tilting device 22 for waste containers 24 and a pressing device 26 for conveying and compacting the waste material within the waste collecting container 14 are integrated on the support plate 16.
  • the garbage collection vehicle 10 can be designed as a motor vehicle or trailer vehicle, the chassis 12 via a lifting and lowering device 11, which is connected to a compressed air system Connected compressed air bellows 28, is supported on an axis 30 and the wheels 32.
  • a support frame 34 is arranged, on which the refuse container 14 is fastened exchangeably in the usual way.
  • the chassis 12 can have an additional lifting frame for the refuse collection container 14, which is arranged in the middle of an axis 30. With a lifting frame of this type, a greater lifting height can be achieved than with level regulation by means of the air suspension.
  • the garbage collection container 14 is provided with retractable and extendable storage sockets 36 (FIG. 5), which make it possible to place a filled garbage collection container 14 at a collection point in the usual way. Since the support frame 34 of the chassis 12 can be lowered to a lower level than the supported garbage collection container 14 as a result of the air suspension, the vehicle can travel in the direction of travel y under the garbage collection container 14 and be driven immediately under another empty garbage collection container provided and loaded with it. So the garbage collection vehicle is immediately ready for use again.
  • the garbage collection container 14 can consist of a standardized container as is customary internationally. So that such a container can be used as a garbage collection container, it is expedient, as is known per se and therefore not shown, to be provided with an unloading device which consists either of a generally hydraulically driven unloading plate mounted on the container base in a longitudinally displaceable manner or of a conveyor base , which is composed of an endless slat conveyor.
  • the rear-side container opening 37 of the refuse collection container 14 is provided with a one-piece rear wall 38, which rotates about a horizontal pivot axis 40, which runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the refuse collection container 14, between a pivot position (not shown) directed in the direction of the arrow x and the pivot position shown in the drawings
  • the closed position can be pivoted by means of a pressure-operated pivoting device 41.
  • the swivel device 41 consists of two mirror images on the inside of the side walls 42, 44 of the refuse collection container 14 and on the underside of the cover 46 of the same arranged pressure-operated cylinder-piston units 48, 50, the cylinders of which are each on a bracket 52 or 54 are pivotally articulated at 56 (FIGS.
  • the free end of the piston rod of the cylinder-piston units 48 and 50 is articulated on a pin 58 or 60 of a plate 62, 64, which is fastened to the rear of the rear wall 38 at a distance below the pivot axis 40.
  • the rear wall 38 is provided with a receiving opening 66, into which the pressing device 26 projects in the loading position of the support plate 16 and through which the waste content of the waste container 24 in the dash-dot unloading position according to FIG. 2 is conveyed into the interior of the waste collecting container 14 by means of the pressing device 26 can be.
  • the curvature of the rear wall 38 towards the inside of the refuse collection container 14 enables the maintenance of small external dimensions of the refuse collection vehicle and a high degree of strength in absorbing reaction forces which occur when the refuse is compacted by means of the pressing device 26.
  • the rear wall 38 can be locked in the closed position by a fastening device 68.
  • This fastening device 68 consists of two pivot screws 70, 72 which can be pivoted about axes 76, 78 between an upper fastening position for the rear wall 38 and a lower rest position.
  • the axles 76, 78 each pass through to the rear end of the floor 74 of the garbage collector 14 open notch 75, 79 transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
  • the pivot screws 70, 72 In the fastening position, each engage in a fork slot 80, 82 of a horizontal section 84 parallel to the floor 74.
  • the section 84 is tightened against the container bottom 74 in the closed position by means of screw nuts 86 or 87.
  • the support plate 16 is provided at its end facing the pivot axis 18 with two pivot arms 94, 95, which are articulated to the pivot axis 18, which passes through the rear end of the chassis 12 horizontally and transversely to its longitudinal direction.
  • the free end of the piston rod of a cylinder-piston unit 97 forming the pivoting device 20 engages at a pivot point 96 on the pivot arms 94, 95 which lies between the support plate 16 and the pivot axis 18.
  • the cylinder end is connected to a pivot point 98 which is provided lower and in the direction of arrow y in front of the pivot axis 18 on a bearing plate 99 which is fastened on both sides of the chassis 12 and extends downward to approximately the level of the impeller axes. Only one swivel device 20 is shown in the drawings. The other swivel device, not shown, is located on the other longitudinal side of the vehicle and is connected to the other swivel arm 94 of the support plate 16.
  • the pressing device 26 is on the inside of the support plate 16 about an axis 100 in the direction of the arrow z by means of a Swivel device 101 is pivotable, which consists of a cylinder-piston unit 102 which can be pressurized with pressure, which is articulated at 103 on the support plate 16 and at 104 on the housing 105 of the pressing device 26.
  • the pressing device 26 shown in its rest position in FIG. 1, the longitudinal axis of which runs parallel to the plane of the support plate 16, can be pivoted by means of the cylinder-piston unit 102 against a support 106 by less than 90 °.
  • the support 106 therefore forms, with the main plane of the support plate 16, an acute angle that opens in the direction of travel y in FIG. 1.
  • the pressing device 26 in its position pivoted into the vertical loading or working position, forms an acute angle with the bottom 74 of the waste collection container 14 in the direction of travel y.
  • This enables the garbage to be conveyed obliquely upwards and forwards into the interior of the garbage collection container 14 and to be largely filled before the garbage is increasingly compacted in the garbage collection container 14 when the latter is almost completely filled.
  • the pressing device 26 is shown in FIG. 1 as a telescopic ram 108, but in FIGS. 2 and 3 as a screw conveyor 110. According to FIG.
  • a locking device 114 which consists of two locking levers, of which only one locking lever 116 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • These locking levers can be pivoted on both outer sides of the support plate 16 about a pivot point on the support plate 16, one of which is designated by 117 in FIG. 1.
  • the release bolts 112, 113 hold the locking lever 116 against the action of a biasing or locking spring 118 in the unlocked position.
  • the support plate 16 is supported in its horizontal change or rest position in FIG. 1 on a support roller 119 which is attached to the outside of the support plate 16.
  • the upper side of the housing 105 of the pressing device 26 lies lower than the supporting surface 120 of the chassis 12 for the refuse collection container 14, so that, as shown in FIG. 5, when the supporting frame 34 is lowered by partially emptying the air suspension bellows 28, the vehicle beneath that on its parking supports 36 supported waste collection container 14 can be moved out.
  • the locking of the support plate 16 in the vertical loading or pressing position can be seen more clearly.
  • the pressing device 26 maintains its rest position shown in broken lines when the support plate 16 is pivoted into the vertical loading or pressing position, so that the locking lever 116 also maintains the position shown in FIG. 1 and shown in broken lines in FIG. 3.
  • Only when the support plate 16 has reached this vertical loading and pressing position is the cylinder-piston unit 102 acted upon by pressure medium in order to pivot the pressing device 26 into the conveying and pressing position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which it presses into the receiving opening 66 engages the rear wall 38.
  • This pivoting movement of the pressing device 26 removes the unlocking bolts 112, 113 from the curved ramp surface 121 of the locking lever 116.
  • the locking levers 116 are pivoted under the action of the biasing springs 118 supported between the support plate 16 and the locking levers into the locking position shown in solid lines in FIG. 3, in which they overlap the locking axes 90, 91 and thus the support plate 16 with respect to the rear wall 38 lock.
  • a rigid composite structure between the garbage container 14, the rear wall 38, the support plate 16 with an integrated pressing device 26 and the chassis 12 is created, which is able at any time, the at the compaction of the garbage in the garbage collector to derive reaction forces occurring in the garbage collector or in the chassis.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the lifting and tilting device 22 is an integral part of the support plate 16.
  • the lifting and tilting device 22 is essentially known from AT-PS 384799.
  • the support plate is equipped with a vertical guide 130 for a tilting shaft 134 provided with receiving arms 132.
  • This tilting shaft 134 is rotatably held in lateral carriage carriages 136 which can be moved in rails 138 of guide 130 of the support plate 16 which are U-shaped in cross section and can be driven with the aid of a lifting drive 139 which preferably consists of lifting cylinders.
  • a swivel gear 140 is provided for the tilting shaft 134, which has a swivel lever 141 which is connected to the tilting shaft 134 in a rotationally fixed manner, preferably formed from two lateral arms, and which carries at its free end a sliding block 142 designed as a guide roller, with which it moves in engages a backdrop 144.
  • the link 144 consists of a section 145 parallel to the guide 130 and a section 146 running transversely to the guide 130, so that when the carriage carriage 136 is lifted, the sliding block 142 is first guided in the link section 145 parallel to the guide 130 before a pivoting movement of the pivot lever 140 occurs when the sliding block 142 engages in the sliding section 146 (FIG. 3).
  • a waste container 24 received by the holding arms 132 is therefore first lifted off the floor in a pure lifting movement, in order to then be emptied into the waste collecting vehicle 10 by an additional pivoting movement, as is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • the pivot lever 140 can be pivoted downward beyond the horizontal when the carriage slide 136 is displaced within the U-rails 138. With this swivel lever guide, a swivel angle for the holding arms 132 of greater than 90 ° is achieved.
  • the shape of the backdrop 144 determines the kinematic characteristics of the pivoting process and can therefore be largely adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the tilting shaft 134 passes through the U-rail 138 of the guide 130 in an elongated hole 150, the pivot lever 141 engaging the end of the tilting shaft 134 passing through the U-rail 138 and running in the space between the link 144 and the adjacent U-rail 138. This ensures extensive coverage of the link 144 and effectively prevents it from becoming dirty. Self-cleaning occurs in the area of the U-rails 138 of the guide 130 because the carriage slides 136 shear off any accumulated dirt.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
EP89118594A 1988-10-20 1989-10-06 Müllsammelfahrzeug Expired - Lifetime EP0364835B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118594T ATE71914T1 (de) 1988-10-20 1989-10-06 Muellsammelfahrzeug.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3835748 1988-10-20
DE3835748A DE3835748C1 (es) 1988-10-20 1988-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0364835A1 EP0364835A1 (de) 1990-04-25
EP0364835B1 true EP0364835B1 (de) 1992-01-22

Family

ID=6365548

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89118594A Expired - Lifetime EP0364835B1 (de) 1988-10-20 1989-10-06 Müllsammelfahrzeug

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4986716A (es)
EP (1) EP0364835B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE71914T1 (es)
DE (2) DE3835748C1 (es)
ES (1) ES2028429T3 (es)
GR (1) GR3004008T3 (es)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752001A1 (de) * 1997-11-24 1999-05-27 Het Haller Entwicklungs Und Te Abfallsammelfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Wechseln eines Abfallsammelbehälters auf einem Abfallsammelfahrzeug

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DE4237407C1 (de) * 1992-11-05 1994-04-28 Nkf Leichtmetallbau Müllsammelfahrzeug
GB2275906B (en) * 1993-02-25 1996-11-27 Waste Hoists Ltd Collection vehicle and method of substituting a hoist of a collection vehicle
DE4315309C1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1994-09-22 Kellner Ag Schneckenförderer für Müllsammelbehälter
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NL9301595A (nl) * 1993-06-11 1995-01-02 Geesink Bv Afdichtingsinrichting voor wissellaadbakken.
US6457930B2 (en) * 1994-02-28 2002-10-01 Cr-3 Kaffeeveredelung M. Hermsen Gmbh & Co. Device and procedure for the slitting open of sacks
NZ303506A (en) * 1995-02-15 1999-05-28 Mcneilus Truck & Manufacturing Multiple compartment body for waste materials
DE19712687A1 (de) * 1996-03-26 1997-11-06 Multirec Patentverwertungs Und Müllfahrzeug mit Heckladeeinrichtung und Container
US6089813A (en) * 1996-11-19 2000-07-18 Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc. Hydraulic operated systems utilizing self lubricating connectors
US6497547B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-12-24 Nicholas J. Maglaras Containerized refuse collection truck
US6733027B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2004-05-11 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Detachable truck body/semi trailer
US20040091345A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-05-13 Gary Flerchinger Rear loader collection vehicle with detachable container
US6955520B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-10-18 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Refuse collection vehicle and method with stackable refuse storage container
US20060072993A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Refuse collection system and method
US9028192B2 (en) * 2010-04-29 2015-05-12 Stephen L. Wahls Lift assembly
CN102942004A (zh) * 2012-10-19 2013-02-27 江苏悦达专用车有限公司 一种后装压缩式垃圾车倾倒装置
US10538399B2 (en) * 2017-12-07 2020-01-21 Wastequip, Llc Container handler fork assembly improvements
DE102021106245A1 (de) 2021-03-15 2022-09-15 Zöller-Kipper Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hub-Kippvorrichtung
DE102022109213A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Zöller-Kipper Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hub-Kippvorrichtung

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752001A1 (de) * 1997-11-24 1999-05-27 Het Haller Entwicklungs Und Te Abfallsammelfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Wechseln eines Abfallsammelbehälters auf einem Abfallsammelfahrzeug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58900763D1 (de) 1992-03-05
ES2028429T3 (es) 1992-07-01
US4986716A (en) 1991-01-22
GR3004008T3 (es) 1993-03-31
DE3835748C1 (es) 1989-10-12
EP0364835A1 (de) 1990-04-25
ATE71914T1 (de) 1992-02-15

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