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EP0229984B1 - Emballage à parois de verre pour contenus pouvant être versés - Google Patents

Emballage à parois de verre pour contenus pouvant être versés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229984B1
EP0229984B1 EP86117296A EP86117296A EP0229984B1 EP 0229984 B1 EP0229984 B1 EP 0229984B1 EP 86117296 A EP86117296 A EP 86117296A EP 86117296 A EP86117296 A EP 86117296A EP 0229984 B1 EP0229984 B1 EP 0229984B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glass
package
side walls
lid
package according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86117296A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0229984A2 (fr
EP0229984A3 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Reil
Erwin Dr. Rer. Nat. Wartenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
Original Assignee
Tetra Pak Holdings SA
Tetra Alfa Holdings SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tetra Pak Holdings SA, Tetra Alfa Holdings SA filed Critical Tetra Pak Holdings SA
Priority to AT86117296T priority Critical patent/ATE62195T1/de
Publication of EP0229984A2 publication Critical patent/EP0229984A2/fr
Publication of EP0229984A3 publication Critical patent/EP0229984A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0229984B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229984B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D15/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, sections made of different materials
    • B65D15/02—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, sections made of different materials of curved, or partially curved, cross-section, e.g. cans, drums
    • B65D15/04—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, sections made of different materials of curved, or partially curved, cross-section, e.g. cans, drums with curved, or partially curved, walls made by winding or bending paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093—Membrane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pack for flowable filling goods, consisting of side walls and end walls connected to one another via at least one longitudinal sealing seam, which are welded at the ends of the tube in a liquid-tight manner to the tubular side walls and form the bottom and lid with pouring opening of the pack, the side walls consisting of at least backing material coated on one side with thermoplastic, e.g. Cardboard, consist and the bottom of the pack is formed from a separate, essentially flat wall piece.
  • Similar packs are known from EP-A-0.096.826.
  • the lid of this known package consists of thermoplastic material without a carrier material, is welded along its outer edge to the side walls and has a pouring device.
  • Another pack is known from FR-A-2.174.588, the side walls of which also consist of coated cardboard, but in which the base and lid are made of thermoplastic material without a carrier material.
  • This known pack is designed in the ready-to-fill state such that the lid is injection-molded along its four edges, but the bottom is only molded on the side walls along one edge to fill the pack.
  • the cross-section of this pack and the lid and base are essentially rectangular.
  • the bottom is square, so that there is a certain volume reduction compared to the round lid and the packaging material for the contents is not yet optimally used.
  • the disadvantage of all packs with plastic floors or Lids found that a certain gas permeability is unavoidable, so that easily perishable manure ge with a long storage time are at risk. In special cases, the sterilization of the known packs can sometimes only be carried out with great effort. While the side walls are formed from flat sheets which can be coated relatively easily with gas-impermeable materials, for example with metal foils, this project on the lid and bottom is associated with considerable difficulties.
  • Certain filling goods are therefore transported in the known glass bottles, but which have many known disadvantages, such as cleaning, closing and opening and the effort by weight.
  • the expert must choose a thick wall for glass containers so that the bottle used for the rough operation during transport, washing and filling does not break.
  • glass is considered to be a very ideal packaging material, especially when you consider the environmental impact and the high recycling value, i.e. recyclability is taken into account.
  • the paper packaging is often preferred to a glass bottle if one considers the enormous weight difference and the associated transport costs; also the storage of reusable glass bottles.
  • the weight of a durable 1 liter bottle is about 360 g.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a light, stable and inexpensive pack with the features of known packs mentioned at the outset, but whose material is better utilized for the filling volume and is also easier to reprocess.
  • a gas-tight packing should also be made possible, which is easy to sterilize and remains aseptic for a long time.
  • the bottom and lid are made of glass and are welded liquid-tight to the tubular side walls and that the lid has a closable pouring opening.
  • the invention is an unusual material combination of paper and glass. Instead of the usual plastics for the bottom and lid, glass is used, which the expert in the past and sometimes still does not think can be welded with plastic-coated paper. It is known, however, to close glass bottles instead of crown caps or the like by means of thermoplastic materials. Here, for example, adhesion promoters have been applied to the edge of the bottle neck, but improvements were considered urgently necessary, on the one hand due to the difficult process steps and on the other hand the contamination of the food in the bottles.
  • Heat seal adhesives have therefore been found with which durable connections, for example between glass and a plastic, can be achieved.
  • bottles could already be closed by sealing.
  • a paper tube has already been sealed with aluminum on the end faces;
  • metals are deformable, which is why the bases and lids, which are made of metal, were also connected to the paper sleeve by flanging and clamping. Such techniques are not possible when using glass instead of metal.
  • the expert had to fear the breakage of the glass lid or bottom when pressed against the paper sleeve.
  • the invention breaks new ground here in order to create a much lighter (lower weight) and nevertheless stable pack.
  • a tubular paper sleeve which is open at the ends or end faces, is produced in a known manner on a paper web coated at least on one side with plastic.
  • the glass bases and lids kept in stock are connected to this sleeve, adjusted and welded.
  • An induction welding device can be used here, for example. Because the lid has the pouring opening, the package produced in this way can be filled and subsequently closed.
  • the glass is pressed glass. Up to 90% of such a material can be regarded as recycled glass. The environmental impact on the packaging materials is therefore remarkably low. It is irrelevant for the manufacture and function of the package according to the invention if small stones, streaks or other impurities are enclosed in the glass lid and the glass quality is therefore lower, so to speak. Rather, the plant or lid (or both) can be inexpensively manufactured by simpler systems and the use of recycled glass by the manufacturer of liquid packs.
  • the glass is toughened according to the invention.
  • This prestressing is known and easy to carry out, there are many prestressed drinking glasses, car glass is prestressed, for example, etc.
  • the lids and bottoms made of glass are passed through a liquid on a conveyor belt, as a result of which the prestressing and hardening takes place.
  • Another advantage of the treatment process is the reduction in weight.
  • the prestress also achieves better strength, so that rougher production machines can also be used, in which the paper tube is pressed against the glass during the manufacture of the empty liquid pack for sealing.
  • the materials for the tubular side walls ie the sleeve, namely paper or cardboard, at least on one side with plastic, are used for the Both rigid glass plates or glass panes, so to speak, created a soft suspension, so that the pack is not only well processed, but also filled, transported and can be handled by the end user without danger.
  • the two glass plates are hung on the tubular side walls in a manner comparable to that of a metal oscillator. This unexpected combination of glass and paper therefore also results in the new package being extremely stable.
  • the glass is colored. These staining processes for glass are also known per se. In combination with the opaque, tubular side wall, however, this advantageously results in a high level of light protection also from the ends or end faces of the packaging.
  • the pouring opening in the lid has an annular collar projecting outwards in the axial direction of the pack, and a sealing surface lying in the axial direction is arranged on the outer circumference of the lid and / or the bottom.
  • this sealing surface will be essentially ring-shaped and have a length of 1 to 7 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm. Detachment of the glass lid or glass bottom of the filled or empty package from the paper side walls is thus switched off or only possible with a certain amount of force when destroying the pack.
  • a bead and / or a sealing surface lying transversely to the axial direction is / are attached to the outer end of the ring collar, an area enlargement is advantageously achieved at those points to which other parts, plates or disks have to be sealed, e.g. Metal foils, which are optionally coated, for closing the pouring opening.
  • the bead can be easily molded as a casting bead when producing the glass lid. It runs on the ring collar and therefore has a shorter circumference than the above-mentioned sealing surface on the outer circumference of the lid or bottom.
  • a closure lid made of plastic is detachably attached to the ring collar of the pouring opening.
  • This is used primarily for resealability and can be made of polyethylene, for example.
  • An inwardly projecting annular bead is preferably formed on the lower outer edge of the closure cover, so that the closure cover can be snapped onto the ring collar and has a self-holding function.
  • the metal foil is broken open, and after partial pouring, i.e. Partial emptying of the liquid pack, the closure lid can be snapped back on, so that the contents remaining in the pack are protected against dust and there is also some protection against leakage.
  • the tubular side walls can also be used coat the inside with a metal foil.
  • aluminum is preferably used again.
  • aseptic milk packaging it is known per se to cover paper side walls with aluminum foil. This also made the side walls gas-tight.
  • the well-known cuboid packaging which consist entirely of this coated paper, has therefore often been used.
  • problems already arise as a result of the gas entering through the plastic In particular in the case of packs in which at least one of the end faces is closed by a lid or base made of plastic, problems already arise as a result of the gas entering through the plastic.
  • glass is used instead of plastic according to the teaching of the present invention, then these sealing problems are eliminated.
  • a gas-tight and sterilizable package can therefore also be produced by the measures according to the invention.
  • the sterilization takes place after completion of the package, ie after the glass plates or glass panes have been welded into the soft paper sleeve, ie the tubular side walls made of plastic-coated cardboard and before filling.
  • the finished milk pack is shown in perspective in the open state. It consists of a longitudinal sealing seam 4 (FIG. 10), tubular side walls 1 and end walls made of glass, of which only the cover 5 is shown in FIG. 1, but the bottom 2 is also shown in FIG. 2.
  • the side walls 1 consist of paper or cardboard coated with thermoplastic on both sides and are formed from a flat, preferably printed web which is formed to form the tube and is closed in the manner shown in FIG. 10 with the longitudinal sealing seam 4 to form the sleeve.
  • a plastic strip 6, which runs lengthwise in the direction of the tube axis, is sealed on the inside and forms the edge protection so that liquid cannot penetrate into the free inner edge of the paper, which is protected without plastic, and thus can destroy the paper.
  • Both the bottom 2 and the lid 5 consist of a separate, generally flat wall piece, which is disk-shaped in the round embodiment and plate-shaped in other embodiments.
  • the bottom 2 is sealed on the lower edge 3 of the side walls 1.
  • the annular sealing surface 7 lies on the inside of the sleeve-shaped side wall 1 at the bottom at the edge 3 thereof on the one hand and on the outer circumference of the base 2 on the other hand. So that this sealing surface extending in the direction of the axis 8 of the package has a certain height or length of about 1 to 7 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, a bead or groove 9 is formed in the bottom 2 from the plane, which is transverse to axis 8. Through this groove-shaped bead 9, the bottom 2 also receives additional stiffening.
  • Bottom 2 and lid 5 are made of glass, which is preferably colored for light protection and tempered pressed glass.
  • the cover 5 could also have such a V-shaped or trapezoidal ring bead 9 as the base 2, but such an embodiment is not shown in the drawings. Rather, the lid 5 obtains its rigidity from other ring edges or the pouring opening, generally designated 10. This lies in the center of the circular cover 5 and is formed by an annular collar 11 which projects outwards and upwards in the direction of the axis 8 and which has a bead 12 (FIG. 7) at its top end or a sealing surface 13 lying transversely to the axial direction 8. points.
  • the bead 12 in FIG. 7 can also be understood in such a way that it forms such a sealing surface as designated 13 in the other embodiments.
  • the pouring opening is closed at the top and outside by an aluminum foil 14 coated on both sides with thermoplastic. This is only shown in Figures 2, 8 and 9.
  • the aluminum foil 14 is shown bent downward on the outside of the circumference of the ring collar 11. This was done by the sealing cap 15 made of polyethylene, which was detachably attached to the ring collar 11 by placing it over the inwardly projecting ring bead 16 shown in FIG. 9 on the ring collar 11 and over its bead 12 or the annular outer edge of the sealing surface 13 was snapped up.
  • FIG. 9 shows, for example, the state in which the aluminum foil 14 still lies smoothly on the sealing surface 13, namely before the closure cover 15 is snapped on and snapped into place. If you then remove the cover 15, you have the state shown in Figure 2.
  • the aluminum foil 14 is broken open for pouring, and when the package is only partially ent is empty, the closure lid 15 can be used for reclosing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the cross section of the cover 5, which can also be found in the representation of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the sealing surface 13 which is transverse or perpendicular to the axis 8 of the package, with its outer edge 17, via which the inner bead 16 of the closure cover 15 can snap into place.
  • the ring collar 11 merges from top to bottom from the cylindrical jacket shape into the truncated cone shape, in order then to merge into a plane in the lowest region, so that an annular surface 18 is formed. This is found in essentially all covers 5 except in the embodiment according to FIG. 8.
  • the sealing surface 19 lying in the direction of the axis 8 is formed on the outer circumference of the cover 5, which is ring-shaped and has a height or length of approximately 1 to in the direction of the axis 7 mm and preferably 2 to 5 mm. This achieves a good adhesive force between the glass cover 5 and the paper wall 1.
  • annular surface 20 covering the paper edge is also formed, which lies next to and outside the sealing surface 19. There is also a welded connection between glass and paper. Liquid can therefore not penetrate into the open edge of the paper side wall 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows the good stackability of the covers 5 according to the second embodiment according to FIG. 4. Similarly, other lids are stackable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Emballage pour produits de remplissage fluides, constitué de parois latérales (1), assemblées d'une manière tubulaire les unes aux autres par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un joint thermoscellé longitudinal (4), et de parois frontales qui sont soudées d'une manière étanche, aux extrémités du tube, aux parois latérales tubulaires (1), et forment 1e fond (2) de l'emballage et son couvercle (5) muni d'un orifice ver-seur (10), les parois latérales (1) étant constituées d'un support, par exemple du carton, enduit sur au moins une face d'une matière thermoplastique, et le fond (2) de l'emballage étant formé d'un morceau de paroi distinct, essentiellement plan, caractérisé en ce que le fond (2) et le couvercle (5) sont en verre.
  2. Emballage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que 1e verre est un verre pressé.
  3. Emballage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le verre est trempé.
  4. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le verre est coloré dans la masse.
  5. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice verseur (10) aménagé dans le couvercle (5) présente une collerette annulaire (11) dépassant vers l'extérieur dans le sens de l'axe (8) de l'emballage, et qu'une surface de scellement (19), dirigée dans le sens de l'axe (8), est disposée sur la périphérie extérieure du couvercle (5) et/ou du fond (2).
  6. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un bourrelet (12) et/ou une surface de scellement (13) perpendiculaire à la direction de l'axe (8) sont disposés sur l'extrémité extérieure de la collerette annulaire (11).
  7. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice verseur (10) est fermé par une feuille métallique (14) éventuellement enduite.
  8. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un couvercle de fermeture (15), en matière plastique, est disposé d'une manière amovible sur la collerette annulaire (11) de l'orifice verseur (10).
  9. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les parois latérales tubulaires (1) sont enduites d'une feuille métallique sur leur face intérieure.
  10. Emballage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale des parois latérales tubulaires (1), ainsi que du couvercle (5) et du fond (2), est circulaire.
EP86117296A 1986-01-18 1986-12-11 Emballage à parois de verre pour contenus pouvant être versés Expired - Lifetime EP0229984B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117296T ATE62195T1 (de) 1986-01-18 1986-12-11 Packung fuer fliessfaehige fuellgueter mit glasendwaenden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863601352 DE3601352A1 (de) 1986-01-18 1986-01-18 Packung fuer fliessfaehige fuellgueter mit glasendwaenden
DE3601352 1986-01-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229984A2 EP0229984A2 (fr) 1987-07-29
EP0229984A3 EP0229984A3 (en) 1989-02-22
EP0229984B1 true EP0229984B1 (fr) 1991-04-03

Family

ID=6292101

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117296A Expired - Lifetime EP0229984B1 (fr) 1986-01-18 1986-12-11 Emballage à parois de verre pour contenus pouvant être versés

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0229984B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE62195T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1291716C (fr)
DE (2) DE3601352A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2021273B3 (fr)
NO (1) NO172793C (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3830224A1 (de) * 1988-09-06 1990-03-15 Tetra Pak Gmbh Verpackungsbehaelter fuer nahrungsmittel
SE508716C2 (sv) * 1996-01-15 1998-11-02 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Botten för en förpackning med inre övertryck
DE29606191U1 (de) * 1996-04-03 1996-06-20 Thyssen Polymer GmbH, 81671 München Magazinverpackung
FR2777863B1 (fr) * 1998-04-28 2000-07-28 Packland Contenant muni d'un orifice entoure d'un col susceptible de bouchages et debouchages successifs toujours etanches et procede de fabrication de ce contenant
DE102005010639A1 (de) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Huhtamaki Ronsberg, Zweigniederlassung Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Verpackungsbehälter, insbesondere dosenartiger Behälter
DE102006013730B4 (de) * 2005-12-15 2010-04-08 Df World Of Spices Gmbh Glas-Kunststoff-Behälter
EP1862392A1 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-05 Aisapack Holding SA Emballage flexible en matière plastique

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0096826A1 (fr) * 1982-06-12 1983-12-28 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Procédé de fabrication pour emballage pour matériaux fluides

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE933198C (de) * 1948-10-02 1955-09-22 Bayer Ag Behaelter
DE2210013C2 (de) * 1972-03-02 1982-08-12 Altstädter Verpackungs-Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, 6102 Pfungstadt Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verpackung für Flüssigkeiten
US4051992A (en) * 1976-04-30 1977-10-04 Bergstein Packaging Trust Cylindrical display container formed from a flat blank
DE2718574A1 (de) * 1977-04-26 1978-11-02 Honshu Paper Co Ltd Dichtverschluss fuer einen fluessigkeitsbehaelter und verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
DE7723959U1 (de) * 1977-08-01 1977-11-10 Hickisch Eduard Deckel fuer Getraenkedosen
US4311247A (en) * 1979-10-19 1982-01-19 Brockway Glass Company, Inc. Glass container and thermoplastic closure combination
DE3139780A1 (de) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-28 Altstädter Verpackungsvertriebs GmbH, 2000 Hamburg Packung fuer fliessfaehige fuellgueter mit kunststoffdeckel
DE3345802C2 (de) * 1983-12-17 1986-04-03 Unilever N.V., Rotterdam Zylindrischer Behälter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0096826A1 (fr) * 1982-06-12 1983-12-28 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Procédé de fabrication pour emballage pour matériaux fluides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO870196L (no) 1987-07-20
ES2021273B3 (es) 1991-11-01
NO172793C (no) 1993-09-08
CA1291716C (fr) 1991-11-05
ATE62195T1 (de) 1991-04-15
DE3601352C2 (fr) 1992-02-27
NO172793B (no) 1993-06-01
EP0229984A2 (fr) 1987-07-29
DE3601352A1 (de) 1987-07-23
DE3678554D1 (de) 1991-05-08
EP0229984A3 (en) 1989-02-22
NO870196D0 (no) 1987-01-16

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