EP0168600B1 - Bipolarer Elektrolyseapparat mit Gasdiffusionskathode - Google Patents
Bipolarer Elektrolyseapparat mit Gasdiffusionskathode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0168600B1 EP0168600B1 EP85106418A EP85106418A EP0168600B1 EP 0168600 B1 EP0168600 B1 EP 0168600B1 EP 85106418 A EP85106418 A EP 85106418A EP 85106418 A EP85106418 A EP 85106418A EP 0168600 B1 EP0168600 B1 EP 0168600B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- partition
- electrolysis
- flanges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bipolar electrolysis apparatus with an oxygen consumable cathode for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution from aqueous alkali chloride solution with devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis starting products and for removing the electrolysis starting products, in which the anode and cathode are arranged separated from one another by a partition.
- Aqueous sodium chloride electrolysis is an important process for the production of the heavy chemicals chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
- a modern variant is carried out in a membrane cell.
- the electrolysis cell consists of an anode compartment with an anode and a cathode compartment with a cathode, and a cation exchange membrane that separates the two electrolysis compartments. If a saturated sodium chloride solution is fed into the anode compartment, the chloride ions at the anode are discharged into elemental chlorine under the influence of the electric current. At the same time, water is decomposed at the cathode with the formation of elemental hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Sodium ions migrate from the anode compartment through the cation exchange membrane into the cathode compartment to approximately the same extent as hydroxide ions are generated.
- the underlying chemical reaction corresponds to the following equation:
- an alkali chloride such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride or lithium chloride
- a material must be used: it is resistant to the corrosive medium, which contains high chloride ion concentrations and elemental chlorine.
- State of the art is the use of titanium, iridium or noble metals, preference is given to titanium metal, which can be activated on the surface with a mixed oxide in order to reduce the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage.
- the anode is also made of titanium, which can be activated by transition metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide or iridium oxide in order to reduce the chlorine overvoltage and at the same time increase the oxygen overvoltage.
- Titanium cannot be used for the cathode compartment because the hydrogen formed would cause embrittlement of the titanium metal.
- the cathode compartment is therefore made of normal steel, stainless steel, nickel or nickel-plated steel.
- the cathode also consists of these materials, but can additionally be activated by noble metals or other electrocatalysts such as, for example, Raney nickel or sulfur-containing nickel.
- Electrochemical cells for alkali chloride electrolysis additionally contain a diaphragm or a cation exchange membrane that separate the anode and cathode compartments.
- Cation exchange membranes that is perfluorinated membranes containing sulfonic acid or carboxyl groups, are preferably used if high-purity sodium hydroxide solution is to be obtained.
- the membranes are cation-selective, i.e. only allow sodium ions to pass through during sodium chloride electrolysis, whereas the chloride ions remain in the anode compartment.
- electrolysis cells which consist of anode space with anode, cathode space with cathode and cation exchange membrane, are used to compile larger electrolysers, which can consist of a large number of individual cells (cf. e.g. DE-A-2 914 869 or EP-A-22 445).
- electrolysers can be switched monopolar or bipolar. The bipolar circuit is preferred since very large cell units can be operated with it.
- the invention achieves the object in that at least one element with the shape of a double trough is arranged between two half-shells with edges designed as a flange, one of which carries an anode and the second a cathode is formed from a common floor and a side wall divided by the floor in height, the edges of which are provided with flanges, the anode and the cathode, which are spatially separated from one another by the floor, with the wall and struts which are perpendicular on both sides Protrude from the bottom are electrically connected, the partition walls are clamped between the flanges of the half-shells and the element and sealing elements are arranged so that a cavity is formed between the partition wall and the cathode.
- two or more elements can be arranged between the half-shells.
- the partition is clamped between the flanges of the elements and a sealing element is arranged so that a cavity is created between the partition and the cathode.
- a spacer can be arranged between the partition and the cathode and the sealing element can have recesses, which connects the cavity between the partition and the cathode with devices for supplying and removing the catholyte.
- Titanium can be used as the material for the half-shells and elements. Suitable as anode is titanium, which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of group VIII of the periodic table.
- the element 6 has the shape of a double trough, which is formed from a common floor 7 and a side wall 8 divided by the floor in height.
- the bottom 7 can also be arranged asymmetrically, so that the tubs are of different depths.
- the edges of the wall, i.e. the free ends, are provided with flanges 9 and 10.
- the flange 9 or the wall part adjoining it each carries an anode 4 and the flange 10 or the wall part adjoining it each carries a cathode 5.
- the space formed by the anode 4 and the trough is the anode space 11 and that by the cathode 5 and the trough formed space the gas space 12.
- struts 13 are arranged, which are perpendicular. protrude from the floor and connect the electrodes 4 and 5 to the floor 7 in an electrically conductive manner.
- Partition walls 14 such as ion exchange membranes, diaphragms etc. and sealing elements 15 are arranged between the flanges 3, 3a, 9, 10 of the half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6.
- the sealing element consists of an alkali-resistant material, preferably PTFE.
- the thickness of the sealing element 15 is such that a cavity 16, the cathode space, is created between the partition 14 and the cathode 5. It may be expedient to arrange a spacer 17 between the partition wall 14 and the cathode 5 in the cavity 16, which spacer sets a uniform distance between the cathode and the partition wall.
- the spacer is made of an alkali-resistant material such as PTFE or nickel.
- a cathode space depth of approximately 2 to 3 mm is preferred, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
- the sealing element 15 can be provided with recesses 18 which connect the cavity 16 with devices 19 for feeding and removing the catholyte.
- Anolyte is supplied or discharged via the lines 20 and gas (air, oxygen) for the oxygen consumable cathode via the lines 21.
- the half-shells 1, 2 and the elements 6 are connected by means of screws 23 guided in bushings 22 made of electrically insulating material.
- the power supplies are marked with plus and minus.
- the partition 14 can rest on the anode 4.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT85106418T ATE36562T1 (de) | 1984-06-01 | 1985-05-24 | Bipolarer elektrolyseapparat mit gasdiffusionskathode. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3420483 | 1984-06-01 | ||
| DE19843420483 DE3420483A1 (de) | 1984-06-01 | 1984-06-01 | Bipolarer elektrolyseapparat mit gasdiffusionskathode |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0168600A2 EP0168600A2 (de) | 1986-01-22 |
| EP0168600A3 EP0168600A3 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
| EP0168600B1 true EP0168600B1 (de) | 1988-08-17 |
Family
ID=6237403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85106418A Expired EP0168600B1 (de) | 1984-06-01 | 1985-05-24 | Bipolarer Elektrolyseapparat mit Gasdiffusionskathode |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4584080A (fi) |
| EP (1) | EP0168600B1 (fi) |
| JP (1) | JPS60258489A (fi) |
| AT (1) | ATE36562T1 (fi) |
| AU (1) | AU566360B2 (fi) |
| BR (1) | BR8502618A (fi) |
| CA (1) | CA1258045A (fi) |
| DE (2) | DE3420483A1 (fi) |
| ES (1) | ES8607425A1 (fi) |
| FI (1) | FI79145C (fi) |
| IN (1) | IN164829B (fi) |
| MX (1) | MX159262A (fi) |
| NO (1) | NO163909C (fi) |
| ZA (1) | ZA854107B (fi) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3501261A1 (de) * | 1985-01-16 | 1986-07-17 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Elektrolyseapparat |
| US4732660A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1988-03-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Membrane electrolyzer |
| US4927509A (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1990-05-22 | H-D Tech Inc. | Bipolar electrolyzer |
| US5281311A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-01-25 | Sachem, Inc. | Process for reducing the acid content of hydroxylamine salt solutions and for preparing hydroxylamines from hydroxylamine salts |
| US5653857A (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-08-05 | Oxteh Systems, Inc. | Filter press electrolyzer electrode assembly |
| DE19545332A1 (de) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-12 | Karl Lohrberg | Elektrolytzelle |
| DE19641125A1 (de) * | 1996-10-05 | 1998-04-16 | Krupp Uhde Gmbh | Elektrolyseapparat zur Herstellung von Halogengasen |
| DE10022592B4 (de) * | 2000-05-09 | 2010-03-04 | Peroxid-Chemie Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bipolare Mehrzweckelektrolysezelle für hohe Strombelastungen |
| DE10108452C2 (de) * | 2001-02-22 | 2003-02-20 | Karl Lohrberg | Elektrolyseeinrichtung |
| ITMI20010401A1 (it) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-08-28 | Nora Tecnologie Elettrochimich | Nuovo assieme bipolare per elettrolizzatore a filtro-pressa |
| DE10143410A1 (de) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-27 | Rossendorf Forschzent | Biomaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| ITMI20012287A1 (it) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Uhdenora Technologies Srl | Elemento bipolare per l'elettrolisi di acido cloridrico |
| ITMI20021203A1 (it) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-04 | Uhdenora Technologies Srl | Elemento di distribuzione per cella elettrochimica a percolamento di elettrolita |
| DE102006028168A1 (de) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Uhde Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen Wasseraufbereitung |
| CN101451245B (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2010-09-29 | 中国蓝星（集团）总公司 | 复极式自然循环离子膜电解单元槽 |
| US20190112719A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2019-04-18 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Difunctional electrode and electrolysis device for chlor-alkali electrolysis |
| CA3214958A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Mangrove Water Technologies Ltd. | Li recovery processes and onsite chemical production for li recovery processes |
| CN110219012A (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-10 | 江阴市宏泽氯碱设备制造有限公司 | 离子膜电解槽 |
| WO2022258394A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | thyssenkrupp nucera AG & Co. KGaA | Electrolysis cell and electrolyzer |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2914869A1 (de) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-30 | Hoechst Ag | Elektrolyseapparat |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT199664B (de) * | 1956-04-28 | 1958-09-25 | A Hering Ag | Elektrolysezelle |
| NL128257C (fi) * | 1960-07-11 | |||
| JPS5413473A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1979-01-31 | Kurorin Engineers Kk | Double polar electrode |
| JPS5435173A (en) * | 1977-08-24 | 1979-03-15 | Kurorin Engineers Kk | Double polar electrode and its manufacture |
| EP0004191B1 (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1982-05-05 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Chloralkali electrolytic cell and method for operating same |
| DE2909640A1 (de) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-09-25 | Hoechst Ag | Elektrolyseapparat |
| US4217199A (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1980-08-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrolytic cell |
| IT1163737B (it) * | 1979-11-29 | 1987-04-08 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Elettrolizzatore bipolare comprendente mezzi per generare la ricircolazione interna dell'elettrolita e procedimento di elettrolisi |
| IT1140510B (it) * | 1980-01-16 | 1986-10-01 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Elettrolizzatore bipolare e procedimento di elettrolisi di elettrolisi di alogenuri |
| JPS5743992A (en) * | 1980-08-29 | 1982-03-12 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrolyzing method for alkali chloride |
| GB2098238B (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1984-10-24 | Electricity Council | An electrochemical cell |
| US4402809A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-09-06 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Bipolar electrolyzer |
| US4488946A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-12-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Unitary central cell element for filter press electrolysis cell structure and use thereof in the electrolysis of sodium chloride |
| DE3332566A1 (de) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-03-28 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Gasdiffusionselektrode mit hydrophiler deckschicht und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
-
1984
- 1984-06-01 DE DE19843420483 patent/DE3420483A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-05-24 DE DE8585106418T patent/DE3564454D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-05-24 AT AT85106418T patent/ATE36562T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-24 EP EP85106418A patent/EP0168600B1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-05-27 IN IN387/MAS/85A patent/IN164829B/en unknown
- 1985-05-29 US US06/738,874 patent/US4584080A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-05-30 ZA ZA854107A patent/ZA854107B/xx unknown
- 1985-05-30 FI FI852165A patent/FI79145C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-30 ES ES543698A patent/ES8607425A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-05-31 AU AU43211/85A patent/AU566360B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-05-31 BR BR8502618A patent/BR8502618A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-05-31 NO NO852207A patent/NO163909C/no unknown
- 1985-05-31 MX MX205476A patent/MX159262A/es unknown
- 1985-05-31 CA CA000482905A patent/CA1258045A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-05-31 JP JP60116861A patent/JPS60258489A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2914869A1 (de) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-30 | Hoechst Ag | Elektrolyseapparat |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4584080A (en) | 1986-04-22 |
| AU4321185A (en) | 1985-12-05 |
| FI852165A0 (fi) | 1985-05-30 |
| FI79145B (fi) | 1989-07-31 |
| ES543698A0 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
| NO163909B (no) | 1990-04-30 |
| IN164829B (fi) | 1989-06-10 |
| AU566360B2 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
| CA1258045A (en) | 1989-08-01 |
| ES8607425A1 (es) | 1986-06-01 |
| DE3420483A1 (de) | 1985-12-05 |
| NO163909C (no) | 1990-08-08 |
| NO852207L (no) | 1985-12-02 |
| BR8502618A (pt) | 1986-02-04 |
| EP0168600A2 (de) | 1986-01-22 |
| FI852165L (fi) | 1985-12-02 |
| EP0168600A3 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
| DE3564454D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| MX159262A (es) | 1989-05-09 |
| ZA854107B (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| JPS60258489A (ja) | 1985-12-20 |
| ATE36562T1 (de) | 1988-09-15 |
| FI79145C (fi) | 1989-11-10 |
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