CN1960760A - 含有抗毒蕈碱剂和皮质类固醇的组合 - Google Patents
含有抗毒蕈碱剂和皮质类固醇的组合 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1960760A CN1960760A CNA2005800176915A CN200580017691A CN1960760A CN 1960760 A CN1960760 A CN 1960760A CN A2005800176915 A CNA2005800176915 A CN A2005800176915A CN 200580017691 A CN200580017691 A CN 200580017691A CN 1960760 A CN1960760 A CN 1960760A
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- Prior art keywords
- corticosteroid
- combination
- muscarinic receptor
- medicine
- xanthene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
包含(a)皮质类固醇和(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的组合,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子。
Description
本申请要求2004年5月31日提交的西班牙专利申请号P200401312、2005年2月24日提交的PCT专利申请号PCT/EP2005/001969和2005年2月25日提交的PCT专利申请号PCT/GB2005/000722和PCT/GB2005/000740的优先权,将它们引入作为参考。
本发明涉及某些抗毒蕈碱剂和皮质类固醇的新组合及其在治疗呼吸系统病症中的用途。
发明背景
皮质类固醇和抗毒蕈碱剂,尤其是M3毒蕈碱受体,是两类用于治疗诸如哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的呼吸系统病症的药物。
虽然皮质类固醇和抗毒蕈碱剂是有效的治疗药物,但是临床上需要具有有效和选择性作用的并且具有有利作用范围的哮喘和COPD治疗药物。
已知这两类药物可以组合使用。国际专利申请WO0178736、WO0178739、WO0178741、WO0178743、WO0236106和WO0247667公开了这些组合的一些实例。
已知活性成份通过不同生理学途径起作用的药物的组合在治疗上是有效的。因为使用低浓度的每一活性成份,所述组合可以实现治疗上的有益效果,所以经常会出现治疗上的优势。这可以降低药物的副作用。因此,可以组方所述组合,以便使每一活性成份在除了疾病的靶细胞以外的细胞中以亚临床浓度出现。
发明说明
令人吃惊的是,如果通式(I)的抗毒蕈碱和一种或多种皮质类固醇一起使用,那么在治疗呼吸道的炎性或梗阻疾病中可以观察到意想不到的有益疗效。考虑到该效果,可在呼吸道中仍然保持强大活性的情况下,使用比在常规方法的单一疗法中使用的各自化合物更小的剂量来使用本发明的药物组合物。
因此,本发明提供包括(a)皮质类固醇和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的组合
其中:
B是苯环、含有一个或多个杂原子的5元至10元杂芳基基团或萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基、苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯基(dioxolyl)或联苯基;
每一R1、R2和R3独立地代表氢原子或卤素原子、或羟基、或苯基、-OR4、-SR4、-NR4R5、-NHCOR4、-CONR4R5、-CN、-NO2、-COOR4或-CF3、或直链或支链低级烷基,所述低级烷基可以被任意地取代,例如被羟基或烷氧基取代,其中每一R4和R5独立地代表氢原子、直链或支链低级烷基或二者一起形成脂环;或R1和R2一起形成芳环、脂环或杂环,
n是0至4的整数;
A代表-CH2-、-CH=CR6-、-CR6=CH-、-CR6R7-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-SO2-或-NR6-,其中每一R6和R7独立地代表氢原子、直链或支链低级烷基或R6和R7一起形成脂环;
m是0至8的整数,只要当m=0时,A不是-CH2-;
p是1至2的整数并且在氮鎓二环中的取代可以是在2、3或4位,包括不对称碳的所有可能的构型;
D代表通式i)或ii)的基团:
其中R10代表氢原子、羟基或甲基基团或CH2OH基团;
R8代表
R9代表1至7个碳原子的烷基基团、含有2至7个碳原子的烯基基团、含有2至7个碳原子的炔基基团、3至7个碳原子的环烷基基团,或选自下列基团:
其中R11代表氢或卤素原子、直链或支链的取代或未取代的低级烷基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、-CO2R12、-NR12R13,其中R12和R13相同的或不同并且选自氢和直链或支链低级烷基
并且Q代表单键、-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-O-、-O-CH2-、-S-、-S-CH2-或-CH=CH-;并且
X代表一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子;
所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂任选地为其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体和其混合物的形式。
由上述通式(I)表示的、可以具有一个或多个不对称碳的本发明化合物包括所有可能的立体异构体。单一异构体和异构体的混合物也在本发明的范围之内。
用在本文中时,烷基通常是低级烷基。低级烷基优选含有1至8个碳原子、优选1至6个碳原子并且更优选1至4个碳原子。尤其优选由甲基、乙基、包括异丙基在内的丙基或包括正丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基在内的丁基所代表的烷基。此处提及的含有1至7个碳原子的烷基可以是上述的C1-4烷基或直链或支链戊基、己基或庚基。
此处提及的具有2至7个碳原子的烯基是直链或支链基团,例如乙烯基,或直链或支链丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基或庚烯基。双键可以在烯基的任何位置,例如在端键上。
此处提及的具有2至7个碳原子的炔基是直链或支链基团,例如乙炔基、丙炔基或直链或支链丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或庚炔基。三键可以在炔基的任何位置处,例如在端键上。
此处提及的烷氧基通常是低级烷氧基,即含有1至6个碳原子,优选1至4个碳原子,烃链为支链或直链的基团。优选的烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基。
除非另有明确说明,此处提及的脂环基团或脂环通常含有3至8个碳原子,优选含有3至6个碳原子。3至6个碳原子的脂环包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
此处提及的芳环通常含有5至14个碳原子,优选5至10个碳原子。芳基的实例包括茂基、苯基和萘基。
此处提及的杂环或杂芳基基团通常是含有一个或多个选自N、S和O的杂原子的5元至10元基团,例如5、6或7元基团。通常,存在1、2、3或4个杂原子,优选1或2个杂原子。杂环或杂芳基基团可以是单环或两个或更多个稠环,其中至少一个环含有杂原子。杂环基团的实例包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、吡咯基、咪唑基、咪唑烷基、吡唑啉基、二氢吲哚基、异二氢吲哚基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、中氮茚基(indolizinyl)、异吲哚基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹嗪基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、蝶啶基、奎宁环基、三唑基、吡唑基、四唑基和噻吩基。杂芳基基团的实例包括吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、吡啶基、吡唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、1,5-二氮杂萘基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌啉基、三唑基和吡唑基。
用在本文中时,卤素原子包括氟、氯、溴或碘原子,通常是氟、氯或溴原子。
一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子的实例为来自无机酸或有机酸的阴离子,所述无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸,所述有机酸例如甲磺酸、乙酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、柠檬酸或马来酸。此外,也可以使用上述酸的混合物。
优选本发明的M3拮抗剂是具有通式(I)的那些化合物
其中:
·B是苯环、含有一个或多个杂原子的C4至C8杂芳基基团或萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基或联苯基;
·每一R1、R2和R3独立地代表氢原子或卤素原子、或羟基、或苯基、-OR4、-SR4、-NR4R5、-NHCOR4、-CONR4R5、-CN、-NO2、-COOR4或-CF3、或直链或支链低级烷基,所述低级烷基可以被任意地取代,例如被羟基或烷氧基取代,其中每一R4和R5独立地代表氢原子、直链或支链低级烷基或二者一起形成脂环;或R1和R2一起形成芳环、脂环或杂环,
·n是0至4的整数;
·A代表-CH2-、-CH=CR6-、-CR6=CH-、-CR6R7-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-SO2-或-NR6-,其中每一R6和R7独立地代表氢原子、直链或支链低级烷基或R6和R7一起形成脂环;
·m是0至8的整数,只要当m=0时,A不是-CH2-;
·p是1至2的整数并且在氮鎓二环中的取代可以是在包括不对称碳的所有可能构型的2、3或4位;
·D代表通式i)或ii)的基团:
其中R10代表氢原子、羟基或甲基基团或CH2OH基团;每一R8和R9独立地代表
其中R11代表氢或卤素原子或直链或支链低级烷基并且Q代表单键、-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-O-、-O-CH2-、-S-、-S-CH2-或-CH=CH-;并且
·X代表一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子;
所述M3拮抗剂任选地为其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体和其混合物的形式。
本发明的优选实施方案是含有(a)皮质类固醇和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的组合
其中:
B代表苯基基团;
R1、R2和R3代表氢原子
m是1至3的整数;
n是0;
A选自-O-和-CH2-的基团;
p是1至2的整数并且在氮鎓二环中的取代可以是在2、3或4位,包括不对称碳的所有可能的构型;
-OC(O)D选自2-羟基-2,2-二噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基、9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基和(2S)-2环戊基-2-羟基-2-噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基;并且
X代表一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子;
所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂任选地为其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体和其混合物的形式。
更优选地,本发明的M3拮抗剂是具有通式(I)的那些化合物
其中X代表一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子,
所述M3拮抗剂任选地为其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体和其混合物的形式。
由上述通式(I)代表的、可以具有一个或多个不对称碳的本发明的M3拮抗剂包括所有可能的立体异构体。单一异构体和异构体的混合物也在本发明的范围之内。
本发明尤其感兴趣的是通式1a的对映体
其中X-可以具有上述提及的含义。
尤其优选在3位上含有季氮原子的那些酯基-OC(O)D与环相连M3拮抗剂。
上述M3拮抗剂可任选地以其纯对映体、其混合物或其外消旋化合物的形式使用。通常带有-OC(O)D基团的碳原子具有(R)构型。
尤其优选将3(R)-(2-羟基-2,2-二噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基)-1-(3-苯氧基丙基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物、(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和(3R)-3-[(2S)-2-环戊基-2-羟基-2-噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基]-1-(2-苯氧基乙基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物之一用作本发明的M3拮抗剂。
因此,本发明提供包括(a)皮质类固醇和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的组合,其中所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子。典型地,M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物。
通常所述组合含有形成单一药物组合物的一部分的活性成份(a)和(b)。
为了避免不确定性,上述通式和术语(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷意思是包括例如在水溶液中的解离、部分解离或未解离形式的盐。化合物的不同的盐可以以溶剂化物形式存在,即水合物形式,并且本发明的范围也包括所有这些形式。此外,在本发明的范围内,化合物的不同的盐和溶剂化物可以以无定形形式或不同的多晶型物的形式存在。
本发明还提供了包括(a)皮质类固醇和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的产品,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),所述产品作为组合的制剂在治疗人或动物患者中同时、分别或顺序地使用。典型地,所述产品在治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中同时、分别或顺序地使用。
本发明还提供(a)皮质类固醇和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂在制备药物中的用途,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),所述药物在治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中同时、分别或顺序地使用。
本发明还提供(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂在制备药物中的用途,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),所述药物在治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中与(a)皮质类固醇同时、分别或顺序使用。
本发明还提供(a)皮质类固醇在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于通过与(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂同时、协同、分别或顺序共给药来治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明还提供(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂在制备药物中的用途,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),所述药物用于通过与(a)皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地共给药来治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病。
本发明还提供治疗患有或易感于应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病的人或动物患者的方法,所述方法包括对所述患者同时、协同、分别或顺序地给予有效量的(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂与(a)皮质类固醇,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
通常所述呼吸系统疾病是哮喘、极性或慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、支气管高反应性或鼻炎,尤其是哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
优选所述患者是人。
本发明还提供药物组合物,其包括(a)皮质类固醇;和(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂以及(c)药物可接受载体或稀释剂,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明还提供试剂盒(kit of parts),其包括(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂以及说明书,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),所述说明书用于指导与(a)皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地联合使用来治疗患有或易感于应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病的人或动物患者。
本发明还提供包裹(package),其包括(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和(a)皮质类固醇,以同时、协同、分别或顺序使用来治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明还提供如上述的组合、产品、试剂盒或包裹,其中这样的组合、产品、试剂盒或包裹还包括(c)另一活性化合物,其选自(a)PDEIV抑制剂,(b)β2激动剂,(c)白细胞三烯D4拮抗剂,(d)egfr激酶抑制剂,(e)p38激酶抑制剂和(f)NK1受体激动剂,用于同时、分别或顺序地使用。通常另外的活性化合物(c)选自(a)PDE IV抑制剂和(b)β2激动剂。
本发明的实施方案中,所述组合、产品、试剂盒或包裹包括作为单独活性化合物的(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和(a)皮质类固醇,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明的一个实施方案为(b)通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和(a)皮质类固醇而无任何其它活性化合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于同时、协同、分别或顺序地使用来治疗人或动物患中中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
在本发明的组合中使用的优选的皮质类固醇是强的松、甲泼尼龙、地塞米松、萘非可特、地夫可特、醋酸卤泼尼松、布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、氢化可的松、曲安奈德、氟西奈德、醋酸氟轻松、新戊酸氯可托龙、醋丙甲泼尼龙、软脂酸地塞米松、替泼尼旦、醋丙氢化可的松、泼尼卡酯、双丙阿氯米松、卤米松、磺庚甲泼尼龙、莫米松糠酸酯、利美索龙、法呢酸泼尼松龙酯、环索奈德、地泼罗酮丙酸酯、氟替卡松丙酸酯、卤倍他索丙酸酯、氯替泼诺、倍他米松丁酸丙酸酯、氟尼缩松、泼尼松、地塞米松磷酸钠、去炎松、17-戊酸倍他米松、倍他米松、倍他米松二丙酸酯、醋酸氢化可的松、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、泼尼松龙磷酸钠和氢化可的松。
本发明尤其优选的皮质类固醇是:地塞米松、布地奈德、倍氯米松、去炎松、地塞米松、莫米松、环索奈德、氟替卡松、氟尼缩松、地塞米松磷酸钠及其酯,以及6α,9α-二氟-17α-[(2-呋喃基羰基)氧基]-11β-羟基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾(oxoandrosta)-1,4-二烯-17β-硫代羟酸(S)-氟甲基酯。
本发明更优选的皮质类固醇是:任意地以其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体及其混合物,以及任意地以其药物可接受的酸加成盐形式的布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、莫米松糠酸酯、环索奈德、去炎松、曲安奈德、己曲安奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯。甚至更优选布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、莫米松糠酸酯、环索奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯。本发明最优选的皮质类固醇是布地奈德和二丙酸倍氯米松。
任何时候提到本发明范围内的皮质类固醇也包括提到可由皮质类固醇形成的盐或衍生物。可能的盐或衍生物的实例包括:钠盐、磺基苯甲酸盐、磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、醋酸盐、丙酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、棕榈酸、新戊酸盐(pivaiate)、法尼酸盐、醋丙酸盐、硫庚酸盐、泼尼卡酸盐、糠酸盐或丙酮化合物。在某些情况下,皮质类固醇可以是水合物的形式。
本发明的优选实施方案是通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂与选自布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、莫米松糠酸酯、环索奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯的皮质类固醇的组合,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明尤其优选的实施方案是通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂与选自布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、莫米松糠酸酯、环索奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯的皮质类固醇的组合,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明的另一实施方案是选自3(R)-(2-羟基-2,2-二噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基)-1-(3-苯氧基丙基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物、(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和(3R)-3-[(2S)-2-环戊基-2-羟基-2-噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基]-1-(2-苯氧基乙基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物的M3拮抗剂与选自布地奈德、二丙酸倍氯米松、莫米松糠酸酯、环索奈德和氟替卡松丙酸酯的皮质类固醇的组合。
根据本发明一个实施方案,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是通式(I)化合物、尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),并且所述皮质类固醇是倍氯米松衍生物,尤其是二丙酸倍氯米松。
根据本发明另一实施方案,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是通式(I)化合物、尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物),并且所述皮质类固醇是布地奈德。
本发明的组合可以任选地包括一种或多种已知可以用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的另外的活性物质,例如PDE4抑制剂、β2激动剂或糖皮质激素、白细胞三烯D4拮抗剂、egfr激酶抑制剂、p38激酶抑制剂和/或NK1受体拮抗剂。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的PDE4抑制剂的实例是登布茶碱、咯利普兰、西潘茶碱、阿罗茶碱、非明司特、吡拉米司特、mesopram、羟戊丁氨酯、lirimilast、罗氟司特、西洛司特、6-[2-(3,4-二乙氧苯基)噻唑-4-基]吡啶-2-羧酸、(R)-(+)-4-[2-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧苯基)-2-苯乙基]吡啶、N-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基-1H-吲哚-3-基]-2-氧乙酰胺、9-(2-氟苄基)-N6-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)腺嘌呤、N-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-8-甲氧喹啉-5-羧酰胺、N-[9-甲基-4-氧-1-苯基-3,4,6,7-四氢吡咯并[3,2,1-jk][1,4]苯并二氮卓-3(R)-基]吡啶-4-羧酰胺、3-[3-(环戊氧基)-4-甲氧苄基]-6-(乙氨基)-8-异丙基-3H-嘌呤盐酸化物、4-[6,7-二乙氧基-2,3-双(羟甲基)萘-1-基]-1-(2-甲氧乙基)吡啶-2(1H)-酮、2-甲酯基-4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-二氟甲氧苯基)环己烷-1-酮、顺[4-氰基-4-(3-环丙甲氧基-4-二氟甲氧苯基)环己烷-1-醇、ONO-6126(Eur Respir J 2003,22(Suppl.45):Abst 2557)以及PCT专利申请号WO03/097613和PCT/EP03/14722以及西班牙专利申请号P200302613中声明的化合物。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的β2激动剂的实例是:任意地以其外消旋化合物、对映体、非对映体及其混合物,以及任意地以其药物可接受的酸加成盐形式的arformoterol、班部特罗、比托特罗、溴沙特罗、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、多培沙明、非诺特罗、福莫特罗、海索那林、异丁特罗、新异丙肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素、左沙丁胺醇、马布特罗、美卢君、metaprotenerol、nolomirole、奥西那林、吡布特罗、丙卡特罗、茶丙特罗、利托君、rimoterol、沙丁胺醇、沙甲胺醇、沙美特罗、sibenadet、sotenerot、磺酰特罗、特布他林、噻拉米特、妥布特罗、GSK-597901、GSK-159797、GSK-678007、GSK-642444、GSK-159802、HOKU-81、(-)-2-[7(S)-[2(R)-羟基-2-(4-羟苯基)乙氨基]-5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘氧基]-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺盐酸一水合物、carmoterol、QAB-149以及5-[2-(5,6-二乙基二氢化茚-2-基氨基)-1-羟乙基]-8-羟基-1H-喹啉-2-酮、4-羟基-7-[2-{[2-{[3-(2-苯乙氧基)丙基]磺酰}乙基]氨基}乙基]-2(3H)-苯并噻唑酮、1-(2-氟-4-羟苯基)-2-[4-(1-苯并咪唑基)-2-甲基-2-丁氨基]乙醇、1-[3-(4-甲氧苄基氨基)-4-羟苯基]-2-[4-(1-苯并咪唑基)-2-甲基-2-丁氨基]乙醇、1-[2H-5-羟基-3-氧-4H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-8-基]-2-[3-(4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基)-2-甲基-2-丙氨基]乙醇、1-[2H-5-羟基-3-氧-4H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-8-基]-2-[3-(4-甲氧苯基)-2-甲基-2-丙氨基]乙醇、1-[2H-5-羟基-3-氧-4H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-8-基]-2-[3-(4-正丁氧苯基)-2-甲基-2-丙氨基]乙醇、1-[2H-5-羟基-3-氧-4H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-8-基]-2-{4-[3-(4-甲氧苯基)-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]-2-甲基-2-丁氨基}乙醇、5-羟基-8-(1-羟基-2-异丙氨基丁基)-2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-3-(4H)-酮、1-(4-氨基-3-氯-5-三氟甲基苯基)-2-叔丁氨基)乙醇以及1-(4-乙氧羰基氨基-3-氰基-5-氟苯基)-2-叔丁氨基)乙醇。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的LTD4拮抗剂的实例是:托鲁司特、异丁司特、泊比司特、普仑司特水合物、扎鲁司特、利托司特、维鲁司特、硫鲁司特、西那司特、伊拉司特钠、孟鲁司特钠、4-[4-[3-(4-乙酰基-3-羟基-2-丙基苯氧基)丙基磺酰基]苯基]-4-氧丁酸、[[5-[[3-(4-乙酰基-3-羟基-2-丙基苯氧基)丙基]硫代]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]硫代]乙酸、9-[(4-乙酰基-3-羟基-2-正丙基苯氧基)甲基]-3-(1H-四唑-5-基)-4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮、5-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-8-(N,N-二甲基氨基甲酰基)-4,6-二噻辛酸钠盐;3-[1-[3-[2-(7-氯喹啉-2-基)乙烯基]苯基]-1-[3-(二甲氨基)-3-氧丙基硫烷基]甲基硫烷基]丙酸钠盐、6-(2-环己基乙基-[1,3,4]噻二唑并[3,2-a]-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-9(1H)-酮、4-[6-乙酰基-3-[3-(4-乙酰基-3-羟基-2-丙基苯基硫代)丙氧基]-2-丙基苯氧基]丁酸、(R)-3-甲氧基-4-[1-甲基-5-[N-(2-甲基-4,4,4-三氟丁基)氨基甲酰基]吲哚-3-基甲基]-N-(2-甲苯基磺酰基)苯甲酰胺、(R)-3-[2-甲氧基-4-[N-(2-甲苯基磺酰基)氨基甲酰基]苄基]-1-甲基-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基丁基)吲哚-5-羧酰胺、(+)-4(S)-(4-羧基苯基硫代)-7-[4-(4-苯氧基丁氧基)苯基]-5(Z)-庚烯酸以及PCT专利申请号PCT/EP03/12581声明的化合物。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的egfr激酶抑制剂的实例是:palifermin、西妥昔单抗、吉非替尼、repifermin、盐酸埃罗替尼、canertinib二盐酸化物、拉帕替尼以及N-[4-(3-氯-4-氟苯基氨基)-3-氰基-7-乙氧基喹啉-6-基]-4-(二甲氨基)-2(E)-丁烯酰胺。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的p38激酶抑制剂的实例是:乙二磺酸氯甲噻唑、doramapimod、5-(2,6-二氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基硫烷基)-6H-嘧啶并[3,4-b]哒嗪-6-酮、4-乙酰胺基-N-(叔丁基)苯甲酰胺、Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004,75(2):Abst PII-7中所述的SCIO-469以及Circulation 2003,108(17,Suppl.4):Abst 882中所述的VX-702。
可以与M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇组合的合适的NK1受体拮抗剂的实例是苯磺诺匹坦铵、达匹坦、拉奈匹坦、盐酸沃氟匹坦、阿瑞吡坦、依洛匹坦、N-[3-(2-戊基苯基)丙酰基]-苏氨酰基-N-甲基-2,3-脱氢酪氨酰基-亮氨酰基-D-苯丙氨酰基-别-苏氨酰基-天冬酰胺酰基-丝氨酸C-1.7-O-3.1内酯、1-甲基吲哚-3-基羰基-[4(R)-羟基]-L-脯氨酰-[3-(2-萘基)]-L-丙氨酸N-苄基-N-甲酰胺、(+)-(2S,3S)-3-[2-甲氧基-5-(三氟甲氧基)苄基氨基]-2-苯基哌啶、(2R,4S)-N-[1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基]-2-(4-氯苄基)哌啶-4-基]喹啉-4-羧酰胺、3-[2(R)-[1(R)-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3(S)-(4-氟苯基)吗啉-4-基甲基-5-氧-4,5-二氢-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-次膦酸双(N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺)盐;[3-[2(R)-[1(R)-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3(S)-(4-氟苯基)-4-吗啉基甲基]-2,5-二氢-5-氧-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]磷酸1-脱氧-1-(甲氨基)-D-葡萄糖醇(1∶2)盐、1′-[2-[2(R)-(3,4-二氯苯基)-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰基)吗啉-2-基]乙基]螺[苯并[c]噻吩-1(3H)-4′-哌啶]2(S)-氧化物盐酸化物和在Eur Respir J 2003,22(Suppl.45):Abst P2664中所述的化合物CS-003。
本发明的组合可以用于治疗任何易于被同时、伴随或顺序的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗作用和皮质类固醇改善状况的病症。因此,本应用包括这些病症的治疗方法,以及本发明的组合在制备治疗这些病症的药物中的用途。
这些病症的优选实例是那些支气管扩张剂的使用被期望具有有益效果的呼吸系统疾病,例如哮喘、极性或慢性支气管炎、肺气肿或慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
组合中的活性化合物,即本发明的M3拮抗剂、皮质类固醇和任何其它任选的活性化合物可以在同一药物组合物中一起给药,或处于通过相同或不同途径用于分别、同时、伴随或顺序给药的不同药物组合物中。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供试剂盒,其包括通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂连同说明书,该说明书用于指导与皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地联合使用来治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病。
在优选实施方案中,本发明提供试剂盒,其包括M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂连同说明书,该说明书用于指导与皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地使用来治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂为具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供包裹,其包括通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和皮质类固醇,用于同时、协同、分别或顺序使用来治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供包裹,其包括通式(I)的M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂以及皮质类固醇,用于同时、协同、分别或顺序使用来治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂尤其是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述X阴离子是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子(尤其是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物)。
本发明的优选实施方案中,所述组合中的活性化合物通过普通的递送装置经由吸入给药,其中所述活性化合物可以配制在相同或不同的药物组合物中。
在最优选实施方案中,本发明的M3拮抗剂和皮质类固醇存在于同一药物组合物中并且通过普通的递送装置经由吸入给药。
一方面,本发明提供此处定义的组合,特征在于所述活性成份(a)和(b)形成单一药物组合物的一部分。
另一方面,本发明提供生产此处定义的药物组合物的方法,特征在于通过本身已知的方法将M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂、皮质类固醇和任意的其它添加剂和/或载体混合并加工。
所述组合中的活性化合物,即本发明的M3拮抗剂、皮质类固醇和其它任意的活性化合物可以通过取决于待治疗的病症的性质的任何合适的途径给药,例如口服给药(如糖浆、片剂、胶囊、锭剂、控释制剂、速溶制剂、锭剂等);局部给药(如乳膏、软膏、洗液、鼻腔喷雾或气溶胶等);注射给药(皮下、皮内、肌内、静脉等)或吸入给药(如干粉、溶液、分散体等)。
药物制剂可以方便地存在于单位剂型中并且可以通过药学领域中任何已知方法进行制备。所有的方法包括将活性成分与载体结合的步骤。通常,通过将活性成份与液体载体或细分的固体载体或二者均匀且密切地结合来制备制剂,然后,如果必要将产物成型为想要的制剂。
本发明适合口服给药的制剂可以以下形式存在:各含有预定量活性成分的诸如胶囊、扁胶囊或片剂等的分离单位;粉末或颗粒;溶液或水溶液或非水溶液中的混悬液;或水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂。活性成分还可以以大丸剂、舐剂或糊剂形式存在。
糖浆制剂通常由化合物或盐在液体载体中的混悬液或溶液组成,所述液体载体例如为带有调味剂、增甜剂和/或着色剂的乙醇,天然、合成或半合成的油脂,例如花生油或橄榄油,甘油或水。
当组合物是片剂形式时,可以使用任何常规用于制备固体制剂的药物载体。这样的载体的实例包括纤维素、诸如硬脂酸镁的硬脂酸盐或硬脂酸、云母、明胶、阿拉伯胶、淀粉、乳糖和蔗糖。
可任选地与一种或多种助剂一起,通过压制或模制来制造片剂。可以通过在合适的机器中压制任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、润滑剂、表面活性或分散剂混合的自由流动形式(例如粉末或颗粒)的活性成分来制备压制片剂。可以通过在合适的机器中模制含有用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的活性化合物的粉状混合物,并任选地干燥和筛选来制造模制片剂。片剂可以任选地被加上包衣或划线并可以以使得其中的活性成分以改良的(即缓慢或控制的)方式释放来配制。
当组合物是胶囊形式时,任何常规的胶囊化都是合适的,例如在硬明胶胶囊中使用上述的载体。当组合物是软明胶胶囊形式时,可以考虑常规用于制备分散体或混悬液的任何药物载体,例如含水树胶、纤维素、硅酸盐或油类,并且将它们引入软明胶胶囊中。
通过吸入局部递送至肺部的干粉组合物例如可存在于不同的初级包装系统中(例如明胶胶囊或药筒或层状铝箔囊泡),用于在吸入器或吹入器中使用。
制剂的包装可适于单剂量或多剂量递送。在多剂量递送的情况下,制剂可以预先被计量或在使用中计量。因此,干粉吸入器被分为三组:(a)单剂量,(b)多单位剂量以及(c)多剂量装置。
制剂通常含有用于吸入的本发明化合物和诸如乳糖或淀粉等合适的粉末基质(载体物质)的粉末混合物。优选使用乳糖。每一胶囊或药筒通常可以含有2μg至400μg的具有治疗活性的每一成分。或者,存在活性成分而没有赋形剂。
对于第一种类型的单剂量吸入器,生产者将单次剂量称入小容器中,该小容器通常是硬明胶胶囊。需要从单独的盒子或容器中取出胶囊并将其插入吸入器的插孔区域。然后,需要使用针或刀片打开或刺破胶囊以便在吸入期间通过离心力的手段,使得吸入气流的一部分穿过胶囊来带走粉末或从胶囊中通过这些刺孔释放粉末。吸入后,将空的胶囊从吸入器中再次取出。通常,需要拆卸吸入器来插入和取出胶囊,这对于某些病患来说是困难和恼人的操作。将硬明胶胶囊用于吸入粉末的其它缺点是(a)难以防止吸收周围空气中的水分,(b)在胶囊曾经暴露在极端相对湿度中后,会造成胶囊的断裂或凹陷,从而给胶囊打开或刺破带来问题,以及(c)可能将胶囊碎片吸入。此外,对于很多胶囊吸入器来说,报道了不完全释放(例如Nielsen et al,1997)。
如WO 92/03175中所述,某些胶囊吸入器具有储药盒,单独的胶囊可以从其中被转移至接收室,在其中发生刺破和释放。其它的胶囊吸入器具有带有胶囊室的旋转储药盒,所述胶囊室与空气导管成一线以便使剂量释放(例如WO91/02558和GB 2242134)。它们包括多单位剂量类型的吸入器以及囊泡吸入器,它们在转盘或带上供给有限数量的单位剂量。
囊泡吸入器比胶囊吸入器提供更好的药物防潮保护。通过刺破覆盖层和囊泡箔层或者剥去覆盖箔层以便获得粉末。当使用囊泡带来代替转盘时,剂量的数量可以增加,但是对于病人来说更换空带并不方便。因此,这样的装置经常与并入的剂量系统一起使用,该剂量系统包括用于传送带并打开囊泡袋的技术。
多剂量吸入器不含有预先计量量的粉末制剂。所述多剂量吸入器由相对较大的容器和由患者操作的剂量测量元件组成。容器具有多剂量,它们通过体积位移从粉末堆中单独隔离出来。存在多种剂量测量元件,包括可旋转膜(例如EP0069715)或盘(例如GB 2041763;EP0424790;DE 4239402和EP 0674533)、可旋转圆筒(例如EP 0166294;GB 2165159和WO 92/09322)以及可旋转平截头体(例如WO92/00771),其均具有需要用来自容器中的粉末装填的腔体。其它的多剂量装置具有测量滑片(例如US 5201308和WO 97/00703)或测量柱塞,该测量柱塞带有局部或圆周凹槽以便从容器中将一定体积的粉末转移至递送室或空气导管中,例如EP 0505321、WO 92/04068和WO92/04928。
对于多剂量吸入器装置,可再现的剂量测量是主要关注点之一。
粉末制剂具有良好的和稳定的流动性质,这是因为剂量测量杯或腔的填充主要靠重力的影响。
对于重新加载的单剂量和多剂量吸入器,可以通过生产者来保证剂量测量的精度和可再现性。另一方面,多剂量吸入器可以含有更大数目的剂量,而预先准备剂量的操作次数通常较低。
因为在多剂量装置中吸入气流经常是直接穿过剂量测量腔体并且因为多剂量吸入器的较大和刚性的剂量测量系统不能被这样的吸入气流搅动,所以粉末块简单地从腔体中被带走并且在释放期间几乎没有得到去团聚作用。
因此,需要独立的粉碎工具。然而,实践中通常它们并不是吸入器设计的一部分。因为在多剂量吸入器中的大数目的剂量,所以粘附在空气导管内壁以及去团聚装置上的粉末必须最小化和/或必须可以实现这些部件的定期清洁,而不影响装置中的残余剂量。一些多剂量吸入器具有一次性药物容器,其可以在取出规定剂量之后被更换(例如WO 97/000703)。对于这样的带有一次性药物容器的半永久性多剂量吸入器,防止药物蓄积的要求更加严格。
除了通过干粉吸入器应用以外,本发明的组合物可以通过气体推进剂或所谓的喷雾器的方法以气溶胶形式给药,其中药理活性物质的溶液可以在高压下喷雾,以便产生可吸入颗粒的薄雾。这些喷雾器的优点在于可以完全省却使用气体推进剂。
例如,PCT专利申请号WO 91/14468和国际专利申请号WO97/12687中描述了这样的喷雾器,在此处引用其内容。
通过吸入局部递送至肺部的喷雾组合物可以例如被配制为水溶液或混悬液或气溶胶,使用合适的液化推进剂从诸如计量剂量的吸入器的增压包中将其递送。适于吸入的气溶胶组合物可以是混悬液或溶液,并且通常含有活性成分和合适的推进剂,例如碳氟化合物或含有氢的氯氟碳化合物或其混合物,特别是氢氟烷,例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷,尤其是1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟正丙烷或其混合物。二氧化碳或其它合适的气体也可用作推进剂。气溶胶组合物可以只含抛射剂而不含其它赋形剂,或者可以任选地含有本领域已知的另外的制剂赋形剂,例如表面活性剂,如油酸或卵磷脂以及潜溶剂,如乙醇。增压的制剂通常被置于以阀(例如计量阀)密封的罐中(例如铝罐)并且与带有喷嘴的调节器相配合。
通过吸入给药的药物希望具有可控的颗粒大小。吸入至支气管系统的最佳颗粒大小通常为1-10μ,优选2-5μ。当被吸入的颗粒到达细小的气道时,具有超过20μ大小的颗粒通常是过大的。为了实现这样的颗粒大小,可以通过常规方法减小所生产的活性成分的颗粒大小,例如通过微粉化或超临界流体技术。可以通过气力分选或筛分来分离期望的部分。优选颗粒为晶体状。
实现微粒化粉末的高剂量再现性是困难的,因为其流动性差并且特别易于团聚。为了改善干粉组合物的功效,颗粒在吸入器中应该较大,当释放至呼吸道应该较小。因此,通常使用赋形剂,例如乳糖、甘露醇或葡萄糖。赋形剂的颗粒大小通常远大于本发明的吸入药物的颗粒大小。当赋形剂是乳糖时,其通常是碾磨的乳糖,优选晶体状α-乳糖一水合物。
通常将增压气溶胶组合物装入带有阀,尤其是计量阀的罐中。如WO96/32150所述,罐可以任选地被诸如氟碳聚合物的塑料涂覆。罐与适于口腔递送的调节器相配合。
用于鼻腔递送的典型的组合物包括以上提及的用于吸入的那些组合物,并且还包括在诸如水的惰性介质中任选地与常规赋形剂组合的的溶液或混悬液形式的非增压组合物,所述非增压组合物可以通过鼻腔泵给药,所述赋形剂例如为缓冲剂、抗微生物剂、粘膜粘着剂、张力调节剂和粘度调节剂。
通常的皮肤和经皮制剂包括常规的水或非水介质,例如乳膏、软膏、洗液或糊剂或者是药膏、贴剂或膜的形式。
根据本发明,所使用的(a)皮质类固醇和(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的比例是可以变化的。活性物质(a)和(b)可能以其溶剂化物或水合物的形式存在。取决于化合物(a)和(b)的选择,本发明范围内使用的重量比可根据各种形式的盐的不同的分子量而变化。本发明的药物组合通常可以(b)∶(a)为1∶100至100∶1、优选1∶50至50∶1的重量比含有(a)和(b)。
下列具体的重量比是基于根据本发明尤其优选的化合物(b)(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物以及皮质类固醇布地奈德和二丙酸倍氯米松。
在布地奈德的情况下,本发明的药物组合可以例如(b)∶(a)为1∶10至50∶1、优选1∶5至10∶1、优选1∶4至5∶1、最优选1∶2至2∶1的重量比含有(a)和(b)。
正常地以含有(a)和(b)组合的本发明的药物组合物给药,以便(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和布地奈德一起以每单次剂量5至5000μg的剂量存在,优选10至2000μg,更优选15至1000μg,更好的为20至800μg。
例如,在(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物用作(b)以及布地奈德用作(a)的组合中,本发明的组合物可以含有例如20至1000μg的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和50至500μg的布地奈德,但并非将本发明的范围限制于此。
例如,当(a)为二丙酸倍氯米松时,本发明的活性物质组合可以(b)∶(a)为1∶100至50∶1、优选1∶50至30∶1、优选1∶10至20∶1、最优选1∶5至10∶1的重量比含有(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和(a)。
正常地以含有(a)和(b)组合的本发明的药物组合物给药,以便(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和二丙酸倍氯米松一起以每单次剂量5至5000μg的剂量存在,优选50至2000μg,更优选100至1000μg,甚至更优选200至800μg。
例如,在(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物用作(b)以及二丙酸倍氯米松用作(a)的组合中,本发明的组合物可以含有例如20至1000μg的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物和20至800μg的二丙酸倍氯米松,但并非将本发明的范围限制于此。
应用于本发明组合的上述可能剂量的实例应理解为指单次应用的剂量。然而,这些实例不应理解为排除了以本发明组合多次给药的可能性。根据药物需要,患者也可以接受多次吸入性应用。作为实例,患者例如可以在治疗期间的早上,每天两次或三次接受本发明的组合(例如使用粉末吸入器、MDI等吸入两次或三次喷雾)。当上述剂量实例仅被理解为单次应用(即每次喷雾)的剂量实例时,多次应用本发明组合导致上述实例的多倍剂量。本发明组合的应用可以是例如每天一次,或根据抗胆碱剂的活性持续时间,每天两次,或两天或三天一次,或甚至根据“需要”(偶尔一天三次或更多次)。
优选组合物是单位剂型,例如片剂、胶囊或定量气溶胶剂量,以便患者可以单剂量给药。
每一剂量单位适宜地含有20μg至1000μg并且优选50μg至400μg的本发明的M3拮抗剂或其药物可接受的盐,以及1μg至800μg并且优选20μg至500μg的本发明的皮质类固醇。
实现疗效所需的每一活性成分的量当然可以随特定的活性成分、给药途径、治疗对象以及具体的治疗病症或疾病而变化。
活性成分可以每天给药1至6次,足以达到期望的活性。优选活性成分每天一次或两次给药。
可以预见,所有的活性成分可以同时或时间非常接近地给药。或者,在早上服用一种或两种活性成分并在这天晚些时候服用其它的活性成分。或者,以其它的方案,每天两次服用一种或两种活性成分,并在服用一天两次的剂量中的一种时或者在其它时间每天一次服用其它的活性成分。优选同时服用至少两种活性成分,更优选服用全部活性成分。优选两种活性成分,更优选全部活性成分作为混合物给药。
本发明的活性物质组合物优选以使用吸入器辅助递送的吸入组合物形式给药,尤其是干粉吸入器,然而,任何其它形式或肠胃外的或口服应用也是可以的。此处,吸入组合物的应用是优选的应用形式,尤其是在治疗阻塞性肺病或哮喘中。
作为制剂的实施例引用下列剂型:
实施例1可吸入粉末
成分 | 量μg |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 100 |
布地奈德 | 200 |
乳糖 | 10.200 |
实施例2可吸入粉末
成分 | 量μg |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 100 |
二丙酸倍氯米松 | 125 |
乳糖 | 10.275 |
实施例3可吸入粉末
成分 | 量μg |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 100 |
氟替卡松丙酸酯 | 125 |
乳糖 | 10.275 |
实施例4可吸入粉末
成分 | 量μg |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 100 |
莫米松糠酸酯 | 250 |
乳糖 | 10.150 |
实施例5可吸入粉末
成分 | 量μg |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 100 |
环索奈德 | 250 |
乳糖 | 10.150 |
实施例6气溶胶
成分 | %重量比 |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环 |
[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 0.33 |
布地奈德 | 0.55 |
卵磷脂 | 0.27 |
TG134a∶TG227 2∶3 | ad 100 |
实施例7气溶胶
成分 | %重量比 |
(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物 | 0.25 |
氟替卡松丙酸酯 | 0.40 |
十四酸异丙酯 | 0.10 |
TG 277 | ad 100 |
药理活性
令人吃惊的是,如果通式(I)的抗毒蕈碱与一种或多种皮质类固醇一起使用时,在治疗呼吸道炎性或阻塞性疾病中观察到了意想不到的有益疗效。考虑到该疗效,可使用比在在常规方法的单一疗法中所使用的各自化合物更小的剂量来使用本发明的药物组合物。这降低了例如当皮质类固醇给药时,所不期望的可能发生的副作用。
上述组合物是本发明优选实施方案的实施例,其中通式I的M3拮抗剂与皮质类固醇组合。这些新的组合与本领域已知的M3拮抗剂与皮质类固醇组合相比,表现出显著的治疗优势。
具体地,与噻托溴铵和布地奈德或倍氯米松的等量治疗组合相比,通式I的M3拮抗剂与诸如布地奈德或倍氯米松等的皮质类固醇的组合对于气管环对过敏原的收缩反应产生了显著地并且一致地更强抑制作用。
以下的对比实施例给出了含有本发明典型的M3拮抗剂,即3(R)-(2-羟基-2,2-二噻吩-2-基乙酰氧基)-1-(3-苯氧基丙基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物(化合物1)的组合的有益性质。
材料与方法
使用来自Harlan Ibérica(St.Feliu de Codines,Spain)的雄性Dunkin-Hartley豚鼠(重380-420g)。在保持为22±2℃的房间内,在12小时的光照-黑暗循环下驯养,可以自由获取食物和水直至实验的开始。
在研究的第0和第7天,以5mg/ml卵清蛋白溶液通过两段时间的烟雾化使动物致敏。烟雾化过程包括两次30-s的喷雾(Efbe喷枪装置),中间间隔5分钟,在该过程开始以后将动物保持在有机玻璃箱中10分钟。
从实验开始的第14至20天,对动物实施安乐死并取出气管组织。切除单个的气管环并将其悬浮在含有Krebs溶液的器官浴槽中。一旦与力等长传感器(force isometric transducer)接触,其就受到1g的基本静息张力,使用O2中含5%CO2的混合气进行平衡并维持在37℃。
使标本保持平衡不少于60分钟,然后向浴槽中加入介质或被测化合物。首先加入皮质类固醇(如果存在),并且在孵育45分钟以后,随后加入M3拮抗剂使体系再维持15分钟。此时,加入卵清蛋白(在浴槽中的最终浓度为10μg/ml)以引起收缩反应,立即测量所述收缩反应。
使用力等长传感器测定的收缩反应以mg表示。
结果
表1给出所得的结果。
表1.-布地奈德、倍氯米松及其与化合物1和噻托铵(tiotropium)的组合在卵清蛋白致敏豚鼠的离体气管环中对抗原诱导的收缩的抑制作用的比较
化合物 | 测试动物的数量 | 对卵清蛋白的收缩反应(mg)(平均值±sem) | 收缩反应的抑制作用% |
介质布地奈德(10μM)倍氯米松(10μM)化合物1(10μM)+布地奈德(10μM)化合物1(10μM)+倍氯米松(10μM)噻托铵(10μM)+布地奈德(10μM)噻托铵(10μM)+倍氯米松(10μM) | 231769786 | 886±108435±68778±83325±81478±61523±147612±109 | ---511263464131 |
表1和图1中总结的结果显示了下列效应:
单独的布地奈德产生了抑制收缩反应的一致作用,而倍氯米松产生了更小的作用。布地奈德的结果与Persson等人(Int Arch AllergyAppl Immunol 1989;88:381-385)的报道一致,结论为布地奈德降低了豚鼠气管环对抗原诱导的IgE驱使的收缩的敏感性。
当化合物1与布地奈德组合,但保持其各自孵育时间时,其抑制作用比单独的布地奈德所得到的抑制作用要大。
另一方面,当噻托铵与布地奈德组合时,抑制作用比单独的甾族试剂所产生的抑制作用要稍微小些。
当化合物1与倍氯米松组合时,得到的抑制作用比单独的倍氯米松所产生的抑制作用要大。
当噻托铵与倍氯米松组合时,得到的抑制作用也比该单独的甾族试剂所产生的抑制作用要大,但是抑制作用不如与化合物1组合时所得到的抑制作用大。
无论如何,皮质类固醇与化合物1的组合所产生的抑制作用要比相同的皮质类固醇与噻托铵的组合所产生的抑制作用要大。
总之,本实验表明,本发明的M3拮抗剂与甾族试剂的组合,与噻托铵和相同的甾族试剂的组合相比,在有效致敏的豚鼠的气管环中更加有效地抑制对抗原的收缩反应。
因此,本发明的组合在治疗上具有有益的性质,其使得所述组合尤其适于各类患者中的呼吸系统疾病。
附图简要说明
图1显示了单独的皮质类固醇或其与本发明的M3拮抗剂的组合在卵清蛋白致敏豚鼠的离体气管环中对抗原诱导的收缩的抑制作用。
Claims (17)
1.包含(a)皮质类固醇和(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的组合,所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂是具有阴离子X的盐形式的(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷,所述阴离子X是一价或多价酸的药物可接受的阴离子。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中所述M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂(b)是(3R)-1-苯乙基-3-(9H-呫吨-9-羰基氧基)-1-氮鎓二环[2.2.2]辛烷溴化物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合,特征在于所述活性成分(a)和(b)形成单一药物组合物的一部分。
4.包含(a)皮质类固醇和权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂的产品,其作为组合的制剂在治疗患有或易感于应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病的患者中同时、协同、分别或顺序地使用。
5.包含权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂以及说明书的试剂盒,用于在治疗患有或易感于应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病的动物患者中与(a)皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地联合使用。
6.包含权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和(a)皮质类固醇的包裹,用于在治疗应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中同时、协同、分别或顺序地使用。
7.权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在治疗患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中与(a)皮质类固醇同时、协同、分别或顺序地联合使用。
8.(a)皮质类固醇在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在治疗患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病中与权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂同时、协同、分别或顺序地联合使用中。
9.(a)皮质类固醇和权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于同时、协同、分别或顺序地使用来治疗人或动物患者中应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病。
10.治疗患有或易感于应答M3拮抗作用的呼吸系统疾病或病症的人或动物患者的方法,所述方法包括对所述病患同时、协同、分别或顺序地给予有效量的权利要求1或2定义的(b)M3毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和(a)皮质类固醇。
11.如权利要求4所述的产品、如权利要求5所述的试剂盒、如权利要求7至9所述的用途或如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述呼吸系统疾病是哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一权利要求所述的组合、产品、试剂盒、包裹、用途或方法,其中所述皮质类固醇选自包括地塞米松、布地奈德、倍氯米松、去炎松、地塞米松、莫米松、环索奈德、氟替卡松、氟尼缩松、地塞米松磷酸钠及其酯,以及6α,9α-二氟-17α-[(2-呋喃基羰基)氧基]-11β-羟基-16α-甲基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17β-硫代羟酸(S)-氟甲基酯。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一权利要求所述的组合、产品、试剂盒、包裹、用途或方法,其中所述皮质类固醇选自包括布地奈德和二丙酸倍氯米松。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一权利要求所述的组合、产品、试剂盒、包裹、用途或方法,其中所述皮质类固醇为布地奈德。
15.如权利要求1至13中任一权利要求所述的组合、产品、试剂盒、包裹、用途或方法,其中所述皮质类固醇为二丙酸倍氯米松。
16.如权利要求1至3所述的组合、如权利要求4所述的产品、如权利要求5所述的试剂盒或如权利要求6所述的包裹,其中这样的组合、产品、试剂盒或包裹还包括(c)另一活性化合物来同时、分别或顺序地使用,所述活性化合物选自(a)PDE IV抑制剂,(b)β2激动剂,(c)白细胞三烯D4拮抗剂,(d)egfr-激酶抑制剂,(e)p38激酶抑制剂和(f)NK1受体激动剂。
17.如权利要求16所述的组合、产品、试剂盒或包裹,其中所述活性化合物(c)选自包括(a)PDE IV抑制剂和(b)β2激动剂。
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