CN1441826A - 聚合物基质电致发光材料及装置 - Google Patents
聚合物基质电致发光材料及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1441826A CN1441826A CN01812675A CN01812675A CN1441826A CN 1441826 A CN1441826 A CN 1441826A CN 01812675 A CN01812675 A CN 01812675A CN 01812675 A CN01812675 A CN 01812675A CN 1441826 A CN1441826 A CN 1441826A
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- polymkeric substance
- emitting device
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- metal ion
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
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Abstract
本发明提供了光致发光及电致发光组合物,其包含一基质及发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物,所述基质包含芳香族重复单元。公开了制备此组合物的方法,及由其形成的电致发光装置(10)。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及光致发光及电致发光的组合物,包括含芳香族重复单元及发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物的基质。本发明也涉及制备此组合物的方法及使用此组合物的电致发光装置。
发明背景
存在许多型式的发光装置,包括多种固态装置。固态装置比白炽或荧光灯泡更佳,因为其更轻,更密实,可被制成更小,且可具有更高效率。固态发光装置的例子是发光二极管(LED)(例如,砷化镓或碳化硅LED),有机发光二极管(OLED)(例如,Uniax公司及CDT有限公司销售的OLED显示器),及掺杂硫化锌的装置(其已上市数年,例如,GE的LimeliteTM夜灯,及American Tack and Hardware,Co.Inc,(Monsey,NY)的Nitelite夜灯)。任何这些装置可被制成阵列以呈现数字或文字或图案。
在各种发光装置及显示器中,OLED是最新且最不成熟的技术。OLED一般是由薄膜结构组成,该薄膜结构包括透明电极(一般是在玻璃或塑料支撑层上的铟掺杂的氧化锡(ITO),任选地用聚苯胺或聚(亚乙基二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)涂覆的ITO),一或多种含有机的层(一般是,例如,三苯胺衍生物的空穴传导层),发光层(例如,聚亚苯亚乙烯衍生物或聚芴衍生物),电子传导层(例如,噁二唑衍生物)及第二电极(例如,钙、镁、铝等)。
OLED装置的优点是重量轻、潜在性的低成本(即使此尚未在商业上证明)、制备薄膜的能力、可挠性结构、宽的视角,及高亮度。OLED的缺点是短的装置使用期、当以恒定电流模式操作时增加的电压,及宽的光谱宽度。OLED的效率受有机分子激发态性质的限制。典型地,单一及三重激发态在OLED操作期间被产生。不幸地,只有自单一态的衰变产生有用光。自三重态到单一基态的衰变是自旋禁戒,因此缓慢,给非辐射处理带来更多发生时间。因为三重态是三倍衰退且单一态不衰退;所以四分之三的激发电子进入三重态且产生很少的光或未产生光。
OLED的其它缺点是有机分子激发态的相对较短的使用期,在显示器应用中,每一像素每秒被扫瞄10至100次,一般是每秒60次。理想的是使来自像素的光以约相同时标衰变。若像素衰变太慢,则每一随后影像将被扫描在尚未消褪的先前影像上,影像会变模糊。若像素衰变太快,则将具有显著的闪烁。
需要一种不受OLED的短使用期限制的固态装置。OLED的短使用期被怀疑是因操作期间有机层分解或改变而产生。
也需要具有稳定的I-V特性的电致发光装置,其使相关的电子学更简单。
也需具有纯色特性的电致发光装置,其可更真实地显示颜色。对于彩色电视机、监视器等而言,需要严格颜色的红、蓝及绿装置。
也需具有更高效率且不受来自非发光三重态的衰变限制的电致发光装置。
还需要对扫瞄显示器及无源显示器的适当的磷光衰变次数的电致发光装置。
发明概述
其中R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基、任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,r是0-7、A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,且E选自O、NH及S,和一种或多种荧光金属离子。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种包含上述组合物的电致发光装置。在一个实施方案中,此电致发光装置包含第一电极、一或多个电荷转移层、包含上述组合物的电致发光层,及第二电极。
附图简述
当考虑有关下列详细描述、所附权利要求书及附图时将会更完全理解本发明的这些及其它特征、方面及优点,其中:
图1是依据本发明的实施而提供的电致发光装置的一个具体实施方案的半示意侧视图;
图2是图1的电致发光装置的半示意分解图;
图3显示依据本发明实施而提供的在二维空间延伸的电致发光装置的阵列;
图4是依据本发明实施而提供的电致发光装置的另一实施方案的半示意侧视图,该电致发光装置包含电子转移层,但无空穴转移层;及
图5是依据本发明实施而提供的电致发光装置的半示意侧视图,该电致发光装置具有分级的电致发光层。
发明详述
为克服先前发光装置的缺点,理想的是具有比现今OLED更高效率及更长使用期的装置。也期望拥有一能在低电压(优选低于20伏特,更优选低于15伏特,甚至更优选低于10伏特,且最优选低于5伏特DC)下操作的装置。也期望拥有一具有良好颜色品质及对显示器的适当磷光衰变次数的装置。
我们发现:OLED的许多缺点可通过使用荧光金属离子及有机基质的混合物(其被设计使能量收集并沉积在荧光金属离子内)作为电致发光装置内的发光层而克服。此基质一般包含聚合物,但可为低聚物,或个别分子。此基质能接受来自电极的电子和/或空穴,且将它们朝装置中心转移,在那里它们重新结合而在基质内产生激发电子态。发出良好荧光的材料也往往电致发光良好,因此是本发明基质的良好选择。基质的能带间隙(或换句话说HOMO-LUMO差异)将决定激发态的能量,及多少能量可用于激发发光金属。发红光的聚合物基质一般不能将能量转移至发蓝光的金属,但二光子或更高等级方法的不寻常情况除外。因此,期望选择一种发蓝、靛、紫或紫外等光(即,光谱的高能量部分)的聚合物基质,使得转移至发蓝、绿或红光的金属成为可能。
有机聚合物、低聚物及个别有机分子的荧光光谱一般非常宽,通常是50或100nm宽。镧系金属的吸收及发射光带非常窄,一般是5至20nm,因为此带是由f轨道(其被“包埋”在外填充d及s轨道内)间的过渡而造成。因为它们被外部的d及s轨道屏蔽,所以其受外电场作用较小,且f集成内的过渡未被变宽。窄谱带提供非常纯的颜色,其是显示器荧光体的理想特征。
多年来,镧系金属已被作为彩色电视机影像管(一般称为阴极射线管,CRT)内的阴极发光材料。已知某些镧系金属具有非常接近CRT内的红、蓝及绿的理想颜色坐标的荧光谱带。通过使用聚合物基质(具有它的宽光谱)激发镧系金属(具有它的窄光谱,及良好的彩色坐标),获得更佳的颜色再现。镧系金属是钇、镧、铈、鏳、钕、钜、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱及镥。
镧系金属及其它发光金属的激发态使用期比有机材料的使用期更接近显示器所需的使用期。
镧系离子的激发态产生比被激发的有机化合物更多的光(约多4倍)。再者,发光金属离子或配合物可按受来自有机分子的单一及三重态的能量。以此方式,有机单一态内的激发能量(否则它肯定会损失而呈非辐射的过渡态)被转移至金属,然后发光。
金属离子比有机物质更不易进行破坏荧光团的漂白或化学反应。本文中荧光团一词意指吸收能量及再次释放能量的化学系统,典型地,被释放的能量是比被吸收的能量更低能量的光。此化学系统可为能交换能量的原子、离子、分子、金属配合物、低聚物、聚合物,或附近的二或更多的原子,离子或分子。荧光团可为光致发光、荧光、磷光、阴极发光或电致发光,但不限于此。虽然本发明装置仍部分是有机的,但金属离子通过从有机激发态移除能量而施行了保护作用。因此,本发明装置被预期具有比全部的有机装置更长的使用期。
在本发明的实施中,发光或荧光金属离子或配合物(优选镧系金属离子或配合物)被埋在荧光有机基质内,产生其中有机基质能被提升至激发态的系统,然后,该系统将其能量转移至金属离子或配合物,该金属离子或配合物然后释出光线。有机基质与金属间的能量转移可通过提供有机基质上金属的配位位置而被促进。能量转移也可通过提供具有可极化的配位基的金属而被促进。
发光金属离子可以是任何可发光的金属离子或金属配合物,包含过渡金属离子,例如,锰、银、钌、铱及铂、镧系金属离子,及其配合物,但不限于此。镧系金属离子,因其窄光谱线宽度而优选。
本发明的电致发光(EL)组合物及EL装置可具有非常窄的发射谱线,因为发射主要是来自镧系金属离子。如上所述,镧系金属离子具有窄的发射光带,一般宽度是5至20nm(半宽度,FWHM)。本发明的电致发光组合物及装置的FWHM将少于约50nm,优选少于约20nm,更优选少于约10nm,甚至更优选少于约8nm,又更优选少于约5nm,再更优选少于约4nm,且最优选少于3nm。
发光金属离子可配位或络合至配位基,或可被络合或配位至聚合物上。一或多种抗衡离子也可存在,且这些可配位或不配位到金属上。发光金属离子可形成簇或可为金属簇的一部分。配位基及抗衡离子也可以桥接方式配位二或更多的发光金属。
发光金属离子可以无机固体的部分存在。例如,包含发光金属离子的无机粉末可与发光聚合物混合。此无机粉末优选是400网目(平均颗粒尺寸少于约38微米)或更细,更优选少于约20微米,再优选少于约5微米,且最优选少于约3微米。无机粉末可为平均物理尺寸为1至1000纳米范围(优选少于约500纳米,更优选少于约100纳米)的纳米粉末。纳米颗粒具有非常高的表面对体积比率,且大部分金属离子在颗粒表面或距表面几埃(几十纳米)内,使能量从粉末被包埋其中的聚合物转移成为可能。少于约300nm的纳米颗粒不散射可见光。在本发明的实施中,发光膜可少于1000nm,且若使用颗粒,则颗粒必须小于膜厚度。无机固体可为半导体。半导体的非限制性例子是氮化镓、氧化锡、氧化锌、硫化锌、硫化镉、硒化镉、氧化铅等。包含II及VI族元素的半导体(II-VI半导体)一般可通过湿化学方法制备,且这些半导体是优选的。
仅使荧光聚合物与荧光金属离子或配合物混合不能保证能量可自聚合物转移至金属。聚合物的激发态必须在比金属激发态更高的能级,否则,很少或无能量会被转移。另外,我们发现,能量转移的可能性可通过提供具有结合或配位到发光金属离子或金属配合物上的官能团(侧基,或主链基,或端基)的聚合物而增加。可采用能配位到金属上的任何官能团。本领域熟练技术人员知道如何确定是否官能团被配位,例如,通过在IR、可见光或NMR光谱中观察官能团的光谱位移。官能团可为单配位或螯合多配位,或大环的。可使用的官能团包括胺、酰胺、醇、α-二酮、α-酮醇、β-二酮、β-酮醇、β-酮酸、联吡啶、联喹啉、硼酸盐、羧酸、儿茶酚、二醇、羟其喹啉、邻二氮杂菲、酚、磷酸盐、聚胺、聚醚、吡啶、喹啉、水杨酸酯、硫酸盐、硫醚、硫醇、噻吩等,但不限于此。官能团可在配位到发光金属离子时失去一或多个质子。
聚合物上的官能团可替代荧光金属上的所有或一些配位基。即,金属可具有除聚合物官能团外的其它配位基,包括配位溶剂,及配位抗衡离子。
我们也发现,可选择发光金属离子配合物以促进能量从聚合物转移到金属。即使金属不通过共价或配位键直接结合到聚合物上,能量转移也可通过选择与聚合物相互作用的配位基而得到促进,例如,通过范德华力、氢键、偶极-偶极、偶极-诱导偶极,或其它非共价相互作用。能量转移可通过使用承载配位基的可极化基团而得到促进,例如,芳族基团,且特别是多环或环芳基,例如,联苯基、三苯基、四苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、吡啶基、喹啉基、菲咯啉基、苯并噁唑基等。可极化配位基通常具有能对电或电磁场起反应的电子。为了本发明的目的,可极化配位基具有至少一个双键;优选碳-碳双键。更优选地,可极化配位基具有二或更多个双键;甚至更优选地,三或更多个双键;仍更优选地,四或更多个双键;甚至仍更优选地,五或更多个双键;最优选地,六或更多个双键。还优选的是,全部或一些双键彼此共轭。双键可以是芳环或杂芳环例如苯、吡啶、或喹啉环的一部分。芳环可以是末端的(如苯基)或内部的(如亚苯基)。为了本发明的目的,共轭配位基是可极化的配位基。
可极化配位基的非限制性例子包括苯甲酰基丙酮、二苯甲酰基甲烷、安息香、邻二氮杂菲、苯基邻二氮杂菲、联吡啶、苯基联吡啶、二苯基联吡啶、Ar(CO)(CHOH)Ar’、Ar(CO)CH2(CO)Ar’、水杨酸、水杨醛、苯基水杨酸、苯基水杨醛、腺嘌呤、嘌呤、2-胺基二苯甲酮、2-胺基-4-氯二苯甲酮、2-(2-羟苯基)苯并噻唑、2-(2-羟苯基)喹啉、1-萘酚-2-羧醛、1,2-二羟基苯、1,2-二羟基萘、2,3-二羟基萘、1,8-二羟基萘、1-羟基二苯甲酮、1-羟基芴酮、7-羟基茚-1-酮、7-羟基-3-苯基茚-1-酮、萨伦(salen)、8-羟基喹啉、8-羟基喹唑啉、8-羟基喹噁啉、4-羟基苯并噁唑、7-羟基苯并噁唑、4-羟基-2-苯基苯并噁唑、7-羟基-2-苯基苯并噁唑、次黄嘌呤等。芳基Ar及Ar’独立地选自苯基、2-联苯基、3-联苯基、4-联苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、三苯基(任何异构体)、四苯基(任何异构体)、蒽基、菲基、吡啶基、喹啉基、菲咯啉基、苯并噁唑基及喹唑啉基,任选地以D(氘)、F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基及氟烷基取代。优选地,配位基具有至少一个芳环,更优选地,配位基具有至少二个芳环,甚至更优选地,配位基具有至少三个芳环。优选地,配位基具有位于二个芳基间的直接键,如此这两个芳基形成联芳基,或者该配位基具有稠环系统中的二个环。联芳基及稠环比单个环系统具有更高的极化度,因此,能更好地偶合到聚合物激发态。也优选的是,配位基具有三芳基或稠合的三环基。
可极化配位基的结构通式的非限制性例子如下所示: 其中,R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基(例如,甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基、乙氧基乙氧基,及-(OCH2CH2)XOH,x=1-100),二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,r是0-7,且s是0-8。R基可在多环结构的任意环上。例如,在结构
12中,R基可在杂环状环上、在酚环上或在二者上。桥接的R基的例子在下述结构
20中给出。结构
20衍生自结构
8,其中结合在一起的二个R基是-CH=CH-CH=CH-。
可极化配位基的其它例子包括R-C6H4-CO2H、R-C6H4-SO3H、R-C6H4-PO3H2、被取代的烟酸R-C5H3N-CO2H、被取代的水杨酸等。
本领域熟练技术人员显而易见:若可极化的配位基可共价结合到聚合物链上,则它们可被作为官能团。例如,在这些结构中的任何R基可表示聚合物链。可极化的配位基也可形成聚合物链骨架的一部分,例如,经R基被结合(在其中R具有可以被聚合物链(例如芳基、烷基,但非例如F、Br)取代的氢的情况下)。
作为聚合物链骨架的一部分的可极化配位基的通式是:-(R-可极化配位基-R)-(Y)-,其中Y是广义的重复单元。
在结构
21中,Y是广义的重复单元,且可为,例如,下述I-XII的任一个重复单元。 其中,R独立地选自H、D、F、CI、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,r是0-7,A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,-PR1-及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,且E选自O、NH及S。
本发明的聚合物一般是芳族聚合物,其具有导致发出蓝色至紫外区域的荧光的较短的共轭长度。优选地,共轭长度是2至50个共轭环,更优选3至10个共轭环,甚至更优选3至6个共轭环。一些或所有的环可为稠环系统的一部分。共轭长度及因此的吸收及发射波长可用非芳族间隔的基团控制。间隔的基团或重复单元的非限制性例子是-O-、-S-、-NR-,-CR1R2-、-(CH2)n-、-(CF2)n-、酯、酰胺等。聚合物可为均聚物或共聚物。聚合物可为线型、分支、超分支、树枝状、交联、无规、嵌段、接枝或任何结构形式。理想的是使用树枝状或超分支的聚合物以将能量导引入保持在聚合物分子的芯部或接近芯部的发光金属内。以此方式,发光金属自然地彼此隔离,避免集中作用,且是更均匀分布于聚合物基质内,容许更高的金属浓度及更大的亮度。聚合物的例子具有选自下述的重复单元: 基中,R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基,芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,A及B独立地选自-0-、-S-、-NR1-、-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,且m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,且r是0-7,且E选自O、NH及S,以及一或多个荧光金属离子。
有机基质或芳族基质或芳族烃基质的分子量(MW)大大影响此装置的性能及制造此装置的简易性。用聚合物作为基质部分是因为聚合物可通过旋涂(较低成本的方法)铸制成薄膜,其它方法(例如,筛网印刷及喷墨印刷)也需要控制溶液粘度的,以传送欲被印刷的材料。通过调整其MW及浓度控制粘度时,聚合物是非常有效的。共轭聚合物的MW也影响形成的膜的导电性,MW应高,优选大于约30,000道尔顿,更优选大于约50,000道尔顿,甚至更优选大于约100,000道尔顿,仍更优选大于约150,000道尔顿,最优选大于约200,000道尔顿,MW是通过使用本领域周知的技术且以聚苯乙烯标准物为参考的凝胶渗透色谱术(GPC)测定。高MW有助于旋涂及印刷操作。高MW也避免材料在使用时形成有害于装置性能的结晶。
溶液粘度也可作为MW的相对测量。粘度可通过,例如使用乌氏粘度计以发现几个浓度的比粘度且通过外推特性粘度而测得。本发明的刚性及半刚性聚合物的特性粘度优选大于0.8dL/g,更优选大于1dL/g,甚至更优选大于约1.5dL/g,且最优选大于约2dL/g。大于3dL/g的特性粘度在某些情况中也是想要的。未完全共轭且具有非芳族间隔基团的聚合物的粘度可较低,优选大于0.3dL/g,更优选大于0.5dL/g,最优选大于0.6dL/g。固有粘度有时被作为比特性粘度更简单的测量而使用。为了本发明的目的,对于刚性或高度共轭的聚合物,大于1的固有粘度是优选的,大于1.5是更优选的,大于2dL/g是甚至更优选的。较低的固有粘度对于非刚性、非完全共轭的聚合物是优选的,例如,0.3dL/g,更优选大于0.5dL/g,且最优选大于0.6dL/g。
聚合物基质可为热塑性或热固性。理想的是使用交联或热固型聚合物以提高EL层的稳定性。在此情况中,将金属离子或配合物与聚合物母体混合,优选形成均质混合物,然后,使用本领域已知的任何方式固化,包括热、UV、电子束、微波、光及化学固化,但不限于此。例如,将高度芳族双环氧化物与(任选高度芳族)硬化剂及承载芳族基团的镧系金属配合物共混。选择金属配合物上的配位基以使金属配合物在固化环氧化物期间及之后保持均匀分布,且不会产生相分离。配位基也含有热固性基团,例如,承载环氧基的配位基,其在固化时会变成聚合物基质的一部分。也选择配位基以使自环氧链片段的激发态转移至金属配合物或离子的能量是足够的。环氧化物/硬化剂/镧系金属混合物依所需被涂覆,例如作为薄膜,并固化。理想的是在环氧化物/硬化剂/镧系金属的混合物中包含溶剂以帮助膜的形成,溶剂在固化之前、期间或之后被去除。相似地,可采用其它热固化系统,包括氰酸酯、乙炔基、马来酰亚胺、靛酚酰亚胺(nadimide)、烯烃/硫化剂、酚醛、苯基乙炔基、硅酮、苯乙烯、氨基甲酸酯等,但不限于此。
基质可为低聚物,即较短的重复单元链。为获得较低熔融粘度或易于合成,低聚物比聚合物理想。低聚物优于小分子,因为低聚物更易处理而产生非晶膜。
基质也可由小分子所组成。优选的是使用可被处理成非晶或玻璃质薄膜的分子或分子混合物。例如,本领域已知的螺环型分子例如22(J.Salbeck,J.Bauer,及F.Weissortel,Polymer Preprints,
38,(1)1997)会形成玻璃质薄膜,其是高度荧光的。将Salbeck等人的文章并入本案以为参考。
Salbeck等人所报道的分子的主要特征是干扰结晶性及提供共轭的长臂。具有苯基、联苯基、三苯基或四苯基,优选三苯基或四苯基的发光金属配合物会形成具有长臂螺环分子的均质非晶混合薄膜。长臂螺环分子及芳族配位基上的芳族基团促进能量从螺环分子转移到金属中。螺环分子例如
22可与荧光金属配合物(优选镧系金属配合物)结合,以形成玻璃质薄膜,其主要发出荧光金属的荧光色。
本发明的有机基质可为芳族基质,优选芳族烃基质,其仅含有碳及氢,且优选仅含芳环。芳环可为苯基或亚苯基,或稠环结构,例如,萘、蒽、菲等。芳族烃基质可由个别分子(即,具有仅单一分子量的分子)组成或可为低聚物或聚合亚苯基(即,具有一分子量范围)。芳族烃基质可为螺环结构如结构
22或含芴的结构例如9,9-二苯基芴。芳族烃基质可为个别分子、低聚物和/或聚合物的混合物。芳族基质可为线型或分支。芳族基质的非限制性例子是1,3-二(2-苯并噁唑)苯、2,4-二苯基喹啉、2,3-二苯基喹噁啉、1,4-二(6-碘-4-苯基喹啉二-2-基)苯、6,6’-二(2,4-二苯基喹啉)、4,4’-二苯基-4,4’-二吡啶基、三苯基三嗪、N,N,N’,N’,-四苯基联苯胺、聚(4,4’-三苯基胺)、三-1-萘胺、聚苯胺、聚(N-苯基苯胺)、聚(2,3-二辛基-1,4-噻吩)、聚(2,3-亚乙基二氧-1,4-噻吩)等。个别芳族烃分子的非限制性例子是三苯基、9,9’-二苯基蒽、并五苯、四苯基乙烯、三苯基乙烯、三苯基甲烷、三亚苯基、四苯基苯等。低聚或聚合的芳族烃基质的非限制性例子是聚(苯基亚苯基)、聚(苯基-1,4-亚苯基-共-苯基-1,3-亚苯基)、超分支的聚苯、聚(9,9’-二辛基芴)等。
有机基质可被选择为传输电子或空穴的材料。此等材料具有高电子流动性,优选大于10-6cm2/V-s,更优选大于10-5cm2/V-s,最优选大于10-4cm2/V-s。
无论是聚合物、低聚物或小分子,基质的一个功能是携带电荷(空穴和/或电子)及激发态能量(激子)。芳族可极化的分子具有这些性能,一定程度上取决于其共轭长度及经空间转移能量的能力,例如,Forster偶合(参见,例如,“电致发光材料”Blasse and Grabmaier,第五章,1994,Springer-Verlag),将其并入本案以为参考。
基质将能量转移到金属的效率或配位基从基质转移能量至金属的效率可通过光谱的测量而确定。测量基质的紫外线-可见光光谱,且计算354nm(或其它特别的波长,使用354是因为其易从水银灯获得且在UV附近)处的消光系数且标记为E基质。E基质的单位是升/摩尔-厘米。基质加上金属配合物的一系列光致发光光谱在0.1重量%金属的金属配合物浓度时被测得,且在可见光区域内的波长最大值处的量子产量被分别计算且标记为phi配合物。phi配合物无单位。phi配合物/E基质的比率是指标F的值。指标F的值的单位是摩尔-厘米/升。具有较高F的系统是比具有较低F者更佳。此测试在特殊情况中可被改进,例如,可能欲使用较低浓度的金属配合物以避免浓度抑制,或较高浓度以提高敏感性。可期望在有限波长范围结合光致发光强度,以替代使用最大强度处的波长(注:单位会因此改变)。此测试是测量从基质的激态至金属的能量转移(经配位基或其它)及从激发金属的发射的组合效率。
本发明的发光基质可用于电致发光(EL)装置。在EL装置中,EL材料是被夹在二电极之间,且施用一电压。典型上,其中一电极是透明电极。透明电极的例子包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化锑锡、掺杂的金属氧化物(例如,掺杂的氧化锌及掺杂的氧化钛)、聚苯胺、PEDOT、非常薄的金属膜(例如,50nm的金膜),及上述的混合物,但不限于此。
EL装置可含有额外的层,包括(但不限于)空穴传输层(HTL)、电子传输层(ETL)、导电聚合物层(CPL)、金属层及使此装置密封而隔离大气的层。
此装置可具有混合层,例如,包含空穴传输材料及发光材料的层,或包含空穴传输材料、发光材料及电子传输材料的层。本领域技术人员知道如何选择HTL及ETL材料。
此装置具有梯级或梯度层。即,空穴传输材料、发光材料或电子传输材料的浓度会随着与电极的距离以连续方式改变。梯级层可通过使一层扩散进下层或在其被沉积时通过改变该层的组成而制得。
转向图1,其显示依据本发明的实施而提供的电致发光装置10的一个实施方案。电致发光装置10包括透明导体12,其作为第一电极。空穴传输层14及电子传输层16分别提供空穴及电子至电致发光层18。第二电极20完成此电路。于此实施方案中的电致发光装置10被置于基材22(其在某些实施方案中可为玻璃)上。若要的话,可采用其它基材例如塑料。基材可为透明、半透明,或不透明。若基材是不透明的,则顶部电极优选是透明的。转向图2,其显示图1的电致发光装置10的分解图,其中相似组件是以图1的参考编号标示。
转向图3,其显示依据本发明的实施而提供的电致发光装置30的光电元件的阵列。每一电致发光装置包括两个电极32及34,及夹于其间的电致发光层。任选地,空穴传输层和/或电子传输层可被设于电致发光层的每一侧上。驱动电路40供应电流至顶部电极32。载流线42被连接到底部电极34上,且地址线44被用以控制经驱动电路40及驱动线46供应的电流。每一光电元件在层36内具有不同的电致发光材料从而发出不同的颜色。图3所示阵列仅是说明性的,且依据本发明提供的阵列的几何形状不限于图示的排列。
转向图4,其显示依据本发明的实施而提供的电致发光装置50,其包含底部电极52、顶部电极54、电子传输层56,及置于基材60上的电致发光层58。在此实施方案中,没有空穴传输层,且电极54经电子传输层56供应电流。
转向图5,其显示依据本发明的实施而提供的电致发光装置70的另一实施方案。电致发光装置70引入夹于电极74及76间的梯级电致发光层72。电致发光装置70负载于基材层78上。在此实施方案中,梯级层包含有机基质及发光金属离子或发光金属配合物,及任选的空穴传输层和/或电子传输层。发光金属离子或发光金属配合物的浓度取决于位置,例如,在电极74及76附近的浓度可低或接近0,而在层72中心处最高。此排列能避免发光受电极抑制。相似地,空穴传输材料的梯度(例如,从电极74附近的0线性变化到电极76附近的最高值)将有助于空穴自电极76传输,但不能使空穴到达电极74。相似地,电子传输材料的梯度(从电极76附近的0至电极74附近的最高值)将有助于电子传输。
在没有电子传输层和/或空穴传输层的情况下,包括电致发光层的有机基质必须分别携带电子和/或空穴。
聚合物
23聚-对-(N,N-二甲基酰胺基亚苯基)(10毫克)通过将干燥的氯化镍(60毫克,0.46毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(0.917克,3.5毫摩尔)、2,2'-联吡啶(64.7毫克,0.41毫摩尔)、碘化钠(0.39克,1.44毫摩尔)及锌粉(0.92克,14.1毫摩尔)置于100毫升的圆底烧瓶内而制备(如美国专利5,227,457的实施例XV描述,将其并入本案以为参考)。烧瓶及其内容物在动态真空下加热至50℃,持续90分钟以除去痕量的水。停止抽真空,且将氩引入烧瓶。加入干燥的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)(8毫升),且将温度升至80℃。5分钟内,混合物变为深红色。在氩气下搅拌20分钟后,将2,5-二氯-N,N-二甲基苯酰胺(2.016克,9.1毫摩尔)在DMF(5毫升)中的溶液加入。2小时后,混合物被冷却至室温,然后,倒入200毫升15%水性HCl中,且用苯萃取。产物(苯中的悬浮液)用5%的HCl洗涤。将二氯甲烷加到浓稠的白色苯悬浮液中,产生微混浊的溶液,将其与残余的水分离,在旋转蒸发器中干燥,得到0.5克的聚-对-(N,N-二甲基酰胺基亚苯基)白色粉末。将聚合物
23溶于1.5克的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)。单独地,将15毫克EuCl3·6H2O溶于1.7克的NMP。将溶液在约120℃混合并搅拌2分钟。一部分此溶液在120-130℃的空气中在热板上铸塑成显微镜载玻片。几分钟后获得基本上干燥的膜。在将此膜曝光于长波长UV辐射(~366nm)时,观察到红色发光。作为标准参考,将15毫克的聚合物
23溶于1.2克的NMP且以如上所述铸塑。在曝光于长波长UV辐射时,观察到明亮的蓝色发光。聚合物
23/Eu3+膜的红色发光在置于空气中一段延长时间时变小。将一滴水置于膜上。与水接触的膜区域发出蓝色荧光。
聚(1,3-(5-二甲基氨基)亚苯基),
24
在氮气下,向N,N-二甲基-3,5-二氯苯胺(1.90克,0.01摩尔)的无水NMP(50毫升)溶液中加入(双三苯基膦)二氯化镍(0.109克,0.167毫摩尔)、溴化钠(0.103克,1毫摩尔),及三苯基膦(0.262克,1毫摩尔),及锌粉(1.96克,0.03摩尔)。在添加锌时,反应混合物变热。使用冷却或加热浴使温度保持在70℃到85℃之间,持续4小时。然后,将反应混合物冷却至低于50℃且倒入100毫升异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物过滤且重新溶于NMP中。将溶液过滤以去除锌,且第二次凝结于异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物过滤并干燥。
将聚合物
24聚(1,3-(5-二甲基氨基)亚苯基)(12毫克)溶于1.2克NMP。将10毫克EuCl2.6H2O溶于1.2克NMP。将每一溶液的一半混合在一起,且如实施例1铸塑。将聚合物PP3溶液的另一半单独铸塑并干燥。在曝光于长波长UV辐射时,纯PP3的膜发出蓝光,而PP3/Eu3+膜不发光。
聚(2,5-二苯甲酮-共-1,4-亚苯基-共-1,3-亚苯基),
25
将下列化合物在氮气吹扫下加入圆底烧瓶:2,5-二氯二苯甲酮(1.51克,6.00毫摩尔)、1,4-二氯苯(0.88克,6.00毫摩尔)、1,3-二氯苯(7.06毫升,48毫摩尔)、NMP(53.9毫升)、NaI(0.84克,5.60毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(3.15克,13.6毫摩尔)、双三苯基膦二氯化镍(0.523克,0.800毫摩尔),及Zn粉(5.6克,85.6毫摩尔)。反应在设定为65℃的油浴内加热。反应混合物的温度增加至81.1℃,然后,回到65℃。反应混合物保持在65℃一整夜,其后,将混合物凝结在乙醇及浓盐酸的混合物中。凝结的聚合物用热乙醇及热丙酮洗涤并干燥。重均分子量通过凝胶渗透色谱术(GPC)测定为32,333。产量是5.265克聚合物
25,表示某些杂质仍存在于凝结的聚合物中。膜是自热NMP铸制。膜在长波长紫外线辐射下发出蓝色荧光。
将聚苯聚合物
25 20毫克溶于1.5克NMP。单独地,将10毫克EuCl3·6H2O溶于1.2克NMP。将溶液混合且如实施例1铸塑。在曝光于UV辐射(366nm)时,观察到聚合物
25的典型蓝色发光,且由于添加铕盐没有观察到颜色的强度或位移的减小。
在实施例1及2中,且最值得注意是实施例1中,混合物的发光颜色自主体聚合物的蓝色变化,最可能是由于从聚合物激态至稀土金属的能量转移及其后自金属离子的发光。实施例1的红色发光表示仅自激发Eu3+离子的发光及自
23的激发态至Eu3+离子的能量转移。
稀土离子及聚合物的络合或配位对能量转移似乎是重要的。聚合物
23及
24在其结构内含有酰胺及胺部分,而聚合物
25纯粹是烃。含氮或氧的聚合物的络合似乎促进能量转移。在实施例3中,聚合物
25不含有与铕离子强烈相互作用的基团,因此相互作用及能量转移不会发生。在实施例2中,聚合物
24具有可与金属离子配位的胺侧基。如上所述通过抑制聚合物发光能量从聚合物转移,但是,未观察到铕的发光,表明其它因素可能抑制稀土发光。
实施例4、聚芴
26
9,9-二-正丁基-2,7-二溴芴
27是通过Woo等人的美国专利第5,962,631相关部分的方法制备,其相关部分并入本案以为参考。聚合物
27的GPC分子量是50,000至60,000。
在氮气下,向
27(4.36克,0.01摩尔)的无水NMP(50毫升)溶液中加入(双三苯基膦)二氯化镍(0.109克,0.167毫摩尔)、溴化钠(0.103克,1毫摩尔),及三苯基膦(0.262克,1毫摩尔),及锌粉(1.96克,0.03摩尔)。在添加锌时,反应混合物变热,使用冷却或加热浴使温度保持在70℃到85℃之间,持续4小时。然后,将反应混合物冷却至低于50℃并倒入100毫升异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物过滤且重新溶于NMP。将溶液过滤以去除锌,且第二次凝结于异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物
26过滤并干燥。
实施例5、聚芴共聚物
28
9,9-二-正丁基-2,7-二溴芴
27通过如上的Woo等人在美国专利5,962,31中所述方法制备。
2,7-二溴芴-9-螺环-2’-(1’,3’,6’,9’,12’,15’-六氧杂环十七烷),
29 向2,7-二溴-9-芴酮(33.8克,0.1摩尔)的甲苯(250毫升)溶液中加入五(乙二醇)(23.8克,0.1摩尔)及DOWEX50WX4-100离子交换树脂(5克)。混合物在迪安-斯达克装置内温和回流8小时以去除水,其后,将混合物冷却至室温,将离子交换树脂过滤掉。通过使用旋转蒸发器在减压下进行蒸馏而去除溶剂。获得的产物可以原样使用或通过柱色谱术纯化。
另外,冠状醚
29可通过Oshima等人的Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan,59,3979-3980的方法制备,不同的是用2,7-二溴-9-芴酮取代9-芴酮。
在氮气下,在
29(5.58克,0.01摩尔)的无水NMP(50毫升)溶液中加入
27(4.36克,0.01摩尔)、(双三苯基膦)二氯化镍(0.109克,0.167毫摩尔)及三苯基膦(0.262克,1毫摩尔)及锌粉(1.96克,0.03摩尔)。在添加锌时,反应混合物变热。使用冷却或加热浴使温度保持在70℃到85℃之间,持续4小时。然后,将反应混合物冷却至低于50℃并倒入100毫升异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物
28过滤且再溶于NMP中。将溶液过滤以去除锌,且第二次凝结于异丙醇中。将凝结的聚合物过滤并干燥。实施例6-8、聚芴型荧光团
将聚芴
28(10.0克)及表1所示金属盐溶于100毫升NMP中。将溶液旋涂在ITO涂覆的玻璃基材上,至约100nm的厚度。被涂覆的基材在100℃及减压下干燥3小时。当在366nm辐射时,膜发出表1所示荧光。将约200nm厚度的铝层在约10-6托下蒸发到聚合物/金属盐膜上。用铟-锡焊料使ITO及铝层连接。用ITO为阳极铝为阴极将电压(正向偏压)施加到膜上,使此装置发出对应于光致发光的颜色的光。
实施例9-11、聚芴及可极化荧光金属配合物的膜
表1 | ||||
实施例 | 金属盐 | 重量 | 摩尔 | 发光 |
实施例6 | Tb(NO3)3·5H2O | 4.35克 | 0.01摩尔 | 绿 |
实施例7 | Ce(NO3)3·6H2O | 4.34克 | 0.01摩尔 | 蓝 |
实施例8 | Eu(NO3)3·5H2O | 4.28克 | 0.01摩尔 | 红 |
将聚芴
28(10.0克)及表2所示金属盐(dbm是二苯甲酰基甲烷)溶于100毫升NMP中。将溶液旋涂在ITO涂覆的玻璃基材上,至约100nm的厚度。被涂覆的基材在100℃及减压下干燥3小时。当在366nm辐射时,膜发出表2所示荧光。将约200nm厚度的铝层在约10-6托下蒸发到聚合物/金属盐膜上。铝覆盖的区域使用开孔面积为1cm2的罩控制。用铟-锡焊料使ITO及铝层连接。用ITO为阳极铝为阴极将电压(正向偏压)施加到膜上,使此装置发出对应于光致发光的颜色的光。
实施例12、
表2 | ||||
实施例 | 金属盐 | 重量 | 摩尔 | 发光 |
实施例9 | Eu(dbm)3 | 8.25克 | 0.01摩尔 | 红 |
实施例10 | Tb(dbm)3 | 8.32克 | 0.01摩尔 | 绿 |
实施例11 | Ce(dbm)3 | 8.13克 | 0.01摩尔 | 蓝 |
将铕掺杂的氧化钇Y2O3:Eu(100克)(Superior MicroPowders,Albuquerque,NM)加入聚合物
23(100克)的NMP(1公升)溶液中。将悬浮液充分混合,且将膜铸制在ITO涂覆的玻璃基材上,获得约2微米厚度的膜。铝接触是经覆盖1cm2膜截面的罩蒸发到膜上。在正向偏压下此膜发出红光。实施例13-16、纳米结晶的磷/聚合物基质型电致发光系统
纳米结晶的磷根据Ihara等人在1999年的Society forInformation Display的国际研讨会上的报告制备。平均颗粒尺寸是2至3纳米。将10克纳米结晶磷加入5克聚合物
26(或聚合物
23)的50毫升NMP溶液中。将形成的悬浮液旋涂在ITO涂覆的玻璃板上,形成100-500纳米的薄膜。在366nm辐射下,此膜发出表3所示荧光。然后,经具有5mm×10mm孔洞的罩通过真空蒸发用铝涂覆该膜。用ITO电极为阳极将5-10V电压施加到该装置上,引起表3所示电致发光(EL)。
实施例17-20、聚合物/稀土金属配合物
表3 | ||||
实施例 | 纳米晶体 | 聚合物 | PL | EL |
实施例13 | ZnS:Eu | 26 | 红 | 红 |
实施例14 | ZnS:Tb | 26 | 绿 | 绿 |
实施例15 | ZnS:EuF3 | 23 | 红 | 红 |
实施例16 | ZnS:TbF3 | 26 | 绿 | 绿 |
定性研究芳族聚合物与镧系离子间的能量转移。使用NMP作为用于所有混合物的共溶剂,藉此,膜被铸制且在约100℃的空气中干燥。稀释且约相等浓度的所有样品溶液在NMP中制得。然后,想要的溶液混合物通过混合等量的聚合物及金属盐溶液而制得。膜是通过使该溶液混合物浇注在玻片上且在~100℃的空气中使用热板干燥而制得。然后,干燥膜以长波UV辐射(366nm)激发,观察发光。表4显示起始材料的发光性能。表5总结了混合物的结果。
表4
材料 | 相 | 发光/颜色 | 注释 |
25 | 固态 | 蓝 | 混浊膜 |
23 | 固态 | 蓝 | 清晰膜 |
24 | 固态 | 蓝 | 清晰棕色 |
EuCl3 | 溶液 | 红 | 清晰溶液 |
TbCl3 | 溶液 | 绿 | 清晰溶液 |
表5
实施例# | 混合物 | 相 | 发光/颜色 | 注释 |
17 | 25+Eu3+ | 固态 | 蓝 | 混浊膜 |
18 | 23+Eu3+ | 固态 | 红 | 清晰膜 |
19 | 24+Eu3+ | 固态 | 无 | 清晰棕色 |
20 | 23+Tb3+ | 固态 | 淡蓝 | 清晰 |
在实施例18、19及20中,膜发光的颜色远离敏化剂或主体聚合物的蓝色而改变,最可能是因为从聚合物激发态至稀土金属的能量转移及随后自金属离子晶格的发光。在实施例18中这最明确,其间红色表示仅自激发Eu3+离子发光及自聚合物
23的激发态至Eu3+离子的能量转移。在实施例19中,聚合物的荧光受抑制,表示能量转移,但是,Eu的红色荧光太弱而不能看到。在实施例20中,淡蓝色荧光表示仅有部分能量转移至Tb,且未观察到Tb的绿色荧光。在此组实验中,聚合物
23的N,N-二甲基酰胺基在将能量转移至Eu3+上是最有效的。
实施例21、交联基质
将4,4’-联苯的双缩水甘油醚与20摩尔%1-萘胺、500摩尔%茴香醚及2摩尔%Eu(acac)3混合。任选地,加入10至50摩尔%的结构I至XII的聚合物。将混合物铸制成膜,且在减压下加热至80℃,同时使茴香醚蒸发及环氧基固化。固化膜发出红色荧光。
实施例22、光交联基质
将单体1-乙烯基萘(0.1摩尔)及二乙烯基苯(0.005摩尔)、光引发剂(0.001摩尔)及三(8-羟基喹啉酸根)铽(tris(8-hydroxyquinol-inato)terbium)混合及通过旋涂在ITO涂覆的玻璃基材上而铸制成薄膜。然后立即将此膜曝光于254nm的光以活化光引发剂。将薄膜加热至100℃,持续5分钟,以去除未反应的单体。此膜发出绿色荧光。第二铝电极通过喷溅沉积在发光层上。
实施例23、光交联基质
与实施例22相同,只是将聚苯乙烯(0.05摩尔)是在旋涂前加入混合物以调整混合物的粘度。实施例24、小分子基质-螺环化合物基质
将螺环化合物
22(0.1摩尔)溶于甲苯(50毫升)及四氢呋喃(50毫升)的混合物中,且加入三(苯甲酰基萘甲酰基甲烷)铽(0.05摩尔)及聚苯乙烯(0.01摩尔)。将形成的混合物旋涂在由玻璃、ITO及三(4-苯基乙炔基苯基)胺所组成的多层结构的顶部,在氮气下在300℃固化1小时(50nm)。形成的多层结构发出绿色荧光。顶部电极通过蒸发铝而形成。
三(4-苯基乙炔基苯基)胺
使三(4-溴苯基)胺(0.1摩尔)及苯基乙炔(0.3摩尔)在NMP(100毫升)中与二乙酸钯(0.006摩尔)、三甲苯基膦(0.012摩尔)及三乙胺(0.3摩尔)在80℃反应16小时。将溴化三乙铵过滤掉,且产物通过从己烷再结晶而得到纯化。
实施例25、
采用实施例5的条件使单体
27(9,9-二-正丁基-2,7-二溴芴)(43.6克,0.1摩尔)及2,7-二溴-9-芴酮(8.45克,0.025摩尔)聚合以产生具下述结构的共聚物
30:
用
30(1克)及三氯化铕水合物(0.1克)的NMP(10毫升)溶液铸制薄膜。此膜发出红色荧光。实施例26、含空穴传输剂的膜
重复实施例1的方法,不同的是,除聚合物
23外,将N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-联(3-甲基苯基)-(1,1’-联苯基)-4,4’-二胺(TPD)(5毫克)加入第一溶液。当在366nm辐射时,形成的膜具有红色荧光。
实施例27
通过在惰性气氛下将无水氯化镍(II)(50毫克,0.39毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(750毫克,2.86毫摩尔)、碘化钠(150毫克,1.0毫摩尔)及325网目的活化锌粉末(1.2克,18毫摩尔)与5毫升的无水N-甲基-1-吡咯烷酮(NMP)一起放入25毫升烧瓶内而制备(如在美国专利5,227,457的实施例XVII中所述,将其引入本文以为参考)聚(对-苯甲酰基吗啉)
31。在50℃搅拌此混合物约10分钟,导致深红颜色。将3克(11.5毫摩尔)2,5-二氯苯甲酰基吗啉(通过HPLC分析为>99%纯度)溶于10毫升无水NMP而形成的溶液通过注射而加入。搅拌约60小时后,将形成的高粘度溶液倒入100毫升1摩尔盐酸的乙醇溶液中,以溶解过量锌金属及使聚合物沉淀。过滤此悬浮液,用丙酮磨碎的沉淀物在分离及干燥后提供2.2克(100%产率)聚对苯甲酰基吗啉,淡棕褐色粉末。固有粘度约1.8dL/g。将聚合物31(10毫克)溶于1.5克NMP。单独地,将15毫克Eu(NO3)3·6H2O及6毫克菲咯啉溶于1.5克NMP。在120℃混合溶液并搅拌2分钟。在120-130℃将一部分溶液浇注在玻璃板上,且保持热至干燥,然后冷却至室温。曝光于366nm的UV辐射时,观察到红色发光。由只含有聚合物31的溶液类似制得的膜发出蓝色荧光。
实施例28
共聚-{1,4-(苯甲酰基亚苯基)}-{1,4-亚苯基}
32是通过在惰性气氛下将无水双(三苯基膦)氯化镍(II)(3.75克;5.7毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(18克;68.6毫摩尔)、氯化钠(2.0克,34.2毫摩尔)、325网目的活化锌粉(19.5克;298毫摩尔)及250毫升的无水NMP置于烘箱干燥的1升烧瓶内而制备(如美国专利5,227,457的实施例XVII所述,将其并入本案以为参考)。活化锌粉是用在二乙醚(无水)中的1摩尔氯化氢洗涤购得的325网目锌粉2-3次且在真空中或在惰性气氛在约100-120℃干燥几小时而获得。需筛分形成的粉末(例如,150网目似乎令人满意)以去除有时形成的较大团块,以确保高活性。此物料需立即使用或储存在远离氧及水分的惰性气氛中。搅拌此混合物约15分钟,导致深红色。然后,将2,5-二氯二苯甲酮(45克;179毫摩尔)及1,4-二氯苯(2.95克;20毫摩尔)的混合物加入烧瓶。剧烈搅拌反应混合物的温度保持在60-70℃,直至混合物稠化(约30分钟)。使混合物在一夜间冷却至室温后,将形成的粘性溶液倒入1.2升1摩尔盐酸的乙醇溶液中,以使过量锌金属溶解及使聚合物沉淀。过滤悬浮液,且沉淀物用丙酮洗涤并干燥以提供粗制树脂。为获得高纯度,将粗制聚合物溶于约1.5升NMP且凝结在约4升丙酮中,用丙酮连续萃取,并干燥以提供30克(89%的产率)白色粉末。特性粘度在40℃在0.05摩尔溴化锂的NMP溶液中是4.2dL/g。
使用在苯乙醇中的氢硼化钠(聚合物32的每一苯甲酰基需1.1摩尔当量的氢硼化钠)还原聚合物32(1.3克),产生聚合物33。聚合物33用过量的乙酸酐处理,以酯化由氢硼化钠还原反应产生的醇基,得到聚合物34。
将聚合物34层(约300nm厚)旋涂在涂覆有氧化铟锡透明导电层的玻璃基材上,其已涂覆有约500nm厚的Baytron P(Bayer)。钙层蒸发在聚合物34层的顶部作为阴极。最后,镁层蒸发在钙层顶部,以保护钙层不接触空气。当在氧化铟锡阳极及钙阴极间施加电压时,发射出蓝光。
实施例29
共聚-{1,4-(苯甲酰基亚苯基)}-{1,3-亚苯基}35是通过在惰性气氛下将无水双(三苯基膦)氯化镍(II)(10克,15毫摩尔)、三苯基膦(50克;0.19摩尔)、碘化钠(15克;80毫摩尔)及325网目的活化锌粉(60克;0.92摩尔)置于瓶内且加入烘箱干燥的含有800毫升无水NMP的2升烧瓶(逆着剧烈的氮气逆流)内而制得(如美国专利5,654,392实施例16所述,将其并入本案以为参考)。搅拌混合物约15分钟,导致深红色。将2,5-二氯二苯甲酮(127克;0.51摩尔)及1,3-二氯苯(11毫升;96毫摩尔)的混合物加入烧瓶。在起始微吸热后(由于单体的溶解),在30分钟内,剧烈搅拌的反应混合物的温度升至约80-85℃。搅拌另外10-15分钟后,反应混合物的粘度大大增加,停止搅拌。将反应混合物在一夜间冷却至室温后,将形成的粘性溶液倒6升1摩尔盐酸的乙醇溶液中,以溶解过量的锌金属且使聚合物沉淀。过滤此悬浮液,且沉淀物用乙醇连续萃取,然后以丙酮萃取,并干燥以提供93克(94%产率)的粗制白色树脂。为获得高纯度,将粗制聚合物溶于约600毫升二氯甲烷中,经1.2微米(公称)聚丙烯纤维过滤器加压过滤,在约2升丙酮中凝结,用丙酮连续萃取,并干燥以提供92克(93%产率)的白色细粉末。相对于聚苯乙烯的GPC MW是150,000-200,000。
使用在苯乙醇中的氢硼化钠(聚合物35的每一苯甲酰基需2摩尔当量的氢硼化钠)还原聚合物35(2克),产生聚合物36。聚合物36用过量的乙酸酐处理以酯化由氢硼化钠还原反应产生的醇基,得到聚合物37。聚合物37的相对于聚苯乙烯的GPC MW为150,000-200,000。当在366nm辐射时,聚合物37层发出蓝色荧光。将聚合物36层(约250nm厚)旋涂在涂覆有氧化铟锡透明导电层的玻璃基材上,其已涂覆有约500nm厚的Baytron P(Bayer)。钙层蒸发在聚合物36层的顶部,作为阴极。最后,镁层蒸发在钙层顶部,以保护钙层不接触空气。当在氧化铟锡阳极及钙阴极间施加电压时,发射出蓝光。
实施例30
将在上述实施例28中制备的聚合物37(1克)与0.4克的Eu(NO3)2·6H2O及0.15克的菲咯啉在15毫升NMP中混合。将此溶液旋涂在已预先涂覆有氧化铟锡及Baytron PBayer的玻璃板上,得到约200nm厚的薄膜。当在366nm辐射时,此膜发出红色荧光。将镁/银阴极蒸发在一平板上的聚合物37层的顶部。在第二平板上,将2,4-二萘噁二唑的100nm层被蒸发到聚合物37层上,随后蒸发镁/银阴极。当在阳极及阴极之间施加电压时,两个装置均发出红光。
光致发光及电致发光组合物、制备该组合物的方法及由此生产的光致发光及电致发光装置的上述例举性实施方案的描述是为说明的目的。因为对本领域技术人员明显的变化,本发明不限制于上述具体实施方案。本发明的范围由下面的权利要求书限定。
Claims (150)
1.一种组合物,其包括聚合物及一种或多种发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物;所述聚合物包含选自下述的重复单元:
其中R独立地选自H、D、F、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,且r是0-7,且E选自O、NH及S。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包括镧系金属离子。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是共聚物。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是树枝状或超分支的聚合物。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物包含结构II的重复单元。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包括铈。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包括铕。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包括铽。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是共聚物。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其中所述重复单元之一具有结构II。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其中对于具有结构II的重复单元之一,q是0,A是-CR1R2-,且R1及R2是烷基。
12.权利要求11的组合物,其中第二重复单元具有结构II,其中q是0,A是-CR1R2-,且R1及R2独立地选自H、D、F、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基。
13.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物是作为无机固体的一部分存在。
14.权利要求13的组合物,其中所述无机固体是具有1至1000纳米的物理尺寸的纳米粉末。
15.权利要求14的组合物,其中所述无机固体是半导体。
16.权利要求15的组合物,其中所述半导体是II-VI的半导体。
17.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含选自铬、锰、铁、钴、钼、钌、铑、钯、银、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金及铀的金属离子。
18.一种电致发光装置,包括权利要求1的组合物。
19.权利要求13的组合物,其中所述无机固体是半导体。
20.权利要求19的组合物,其中所述半导体是II-VI的半导体。
21.权利要求1的组合物,其具有20nm或更少的发射光谱带。
22.权利要求1的组合物,其具有10nm或更少的发射光谱带。
23.权利要求1的组合物,其具有5nm或更少的发射光谱带。
24.权利要求1的组合物,其具有3nm或更少的发射光谱带。
25.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含可极化的配位基。
26.权利要求25的组合物,其中所述可极化的配位基选自:
27.权利要求25的组合物,其中所述可极化的配位基是聚合物链的一部分。
28.权利要求27的组合物,其中所述聚合物链是共轭聚合物链。
29.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是交联聚合物。
30.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是低聚物。
31.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是分支聚合物。
32.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是嵌段共聚物。
33.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是无规共聚物。
34.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物是接枝共聚物。
35.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述聚合物的共轭长度用非芳族间隔基团控制。
36.权利要求35的组合物,其中所述间隔基团选自-O-、-S-、-NR-、-CR1R2-、-(CH2)n-、-(CF2)n-、酯及酰胺。
37.权利要求35的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在2-50个共轭环之间。
38.权利要求35的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在3-10个共轭环之间。
39.权利要求36的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在3-6个共轭环之间。
40.一种电致发光装置,包含权利要求1的组合物。
41.权利要求40的电致发光装置,其中所述聚合物是交联聚合物。
42.一种电致发光装置,包括:
第一电极;
一或多种电荷传输材料;及
包含权利要求1的组合物的电致发光层和第二电极。
43.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都是透明电极。
44.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都包含氧化锡或掺杂的氧化锡。
45.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述电荷传输材料之一是作为离生层(distinct layer)提供的空穴传输材料。
46.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其包含两层;包含空穴传输材料的第一层,及包含电子传输材料的电致发光层。
47.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中电子传输材料是作为离生层提供。
48.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其包含两层;包含电子传输材料的第一层,及包含空穴传输材料的电致发光层。
49.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其包含三层;夹于电子传输材料层及空穴传输材料层间的电致发光层。
50.权利要求49的电致发光装置,其中所述层不是离生的而是梯级的。
51.权利要求42的电致发光装置,包含空穴传输材料及电子传输材料,在电致发光层内二者都是梯级的。
52.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是20nm或更少。
53.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是10nm或更少。
54.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是5nm或更少。
55.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是3nm或更少。
56.权利要求42的电至发光装置,其中所述电致发光层包含具有1至1000纳米的物理尺寸的纳米粉末。
57.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中起动电压低于15V。
58.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中起动电压低于10V。
59.权利要求42的电致发光装置,其中起动电压低于5V。
60.一种电致发光组合物,包含:
芳族烃基质;及
具有芳族配位基的镧系金属配合物。
61.权利要求60的组合物,其中所述芳族配位基具有二芳基。
62.权利要求60的组合物,其中所述芳族配位基具有二环稠环基。
63.权利要求60的组合物,其中所述芳族配位基具有三芳基。
64.权利要求60的组合物,其中所述芳族配位基具有三环稠环基。
65.权利要求60的组合物,其中所述芳族配位基具有多芳基。
66.一种电致发光装置,包含权利要求60的组合物。
67.一种电致发光装置,包含:
第一电极;
一或多种的电荷传输层;及
包含权利要求60的组合物的电致发光层及第二电极。
68.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都是透明电极。
69.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都包含氧化锡或掺杂的氧化锡。
70.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述层之一是空穴传输层。
71.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述层之一是空穴传输层,且另一所述层是包含发光材料及电子传输材料的混合层。
72.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述层之一是电子传输层。
73.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述层之一是电子传输层,且另一所述层是包含发光材料及空穴传输材料的混合层。
74.权利要求67的电致发光装置,其中所述层之一是空穴传输层,另一所述层是发光层,且另一所述层是电子传输层。
75.权利要求73的电致发光装置,其中所述混合层是梯级的。
76.一种组合物,其包含一可极化的基质及发光的镧系金属离子,所述基质包含个别分子。
77.权利要求76的组合物,其中所述可极化的基质是长壁螺环化合物。
79.一种组合物,其包括聚合物和一或多种发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物;所述聚合物含有如下重复单元:
其中R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷基氧,任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p镧系0-5,q是0-6,A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p镧系0-5,q是0-6,且r是0-7,且E是选自O、NH及S;其中所述聚合物具有大于约30,000道尔顿的分子量。
80.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约50,000道尔顿的分子量。
81.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约60,000道尔顿的分子量。
82.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约100,000道尔顿的分子量。
83.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约150,000道尔顿的分子量。
84.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约200,000道尔顿的分子量。
85.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有至少1.8dL/g的固有粘度。
86.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有至少4.2dL/g的固有粘度。
87.权利要求79的组合物,其中R选自-(C=O)NR1R2、苯甲酰基、-NR1R2、-OR1、-CHR1R2、-苯基、-萘基,及-2-苯并噁唑,且R1及R2如上定义。
88.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含镧系金属离子。
89.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是共聚物。
90.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是树枝状或超分支的聚合物。
91.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含铈。
92.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含铕。
93.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含铽。
94.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物是作为无机固体的一部分存在。
95.权利要求94的组合物,其中所述无机固体是具有1至1000纳米的物理尺寸的纳米粉末。
96.权利要求94的组合物,其中所述无机固体是半导体。
97.权利要求96的组合物,其中所述半导体是II-VI的半导体。
98.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含选自铬、锰、铁、钴、钼、钌、铑、钯、银、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金及铀的金属离子。
99.一种电致发光装置,包含权利要求79的组合物。
100.权利要求95的组合物,其中所述无机固体是半导体。
101.权利要求95的组合物,其中所述半导体II-VI的半导体。
102.权利要求101的组合物,其具有20nm或更少的发射光谱带。
103.权利要求101的组合物,其具有10nm或更少的发射光谱带。
104.权利要求79的组合物,其具有5nm或更少的发射光谱带。
105.权利要求79的组合物,其具有3nm或更少的发射光谱带。
106.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含可极化的配位基。
108.权利要求106的组合物,其中所述可极化的配位基是聚合物链的一部分。
109.权利要求118的组合物,其中所述聚合物链是共轭聚合物链。
110.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是交联聚合物。
111.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是低聚物。
112.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是分支聚合物。
113.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是嵌段共聚物。
114.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是无规共聚物。
115.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物是接枝共聚物。
116.权利要求79的组合物,其中所述聚合物的共轭长度用非芳族间隔基团控制。
117.权利要求116的组合物,其中所述间隔基团选自-O-、-S-、-NR-,-CR1R2-、(CH2)n-、-(CF2)n-、酯及酰胺。
118.权利要求116的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在2-50个共轭环之间。
119.权利要求116的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在3-10个共轭环之间。
120.权利要求116的组合物,其中所述共轭长度在3-6个共轭环之间。
121.一种电致发光装置,包含:
第一电极;
一或多种电荷传输层;及
包含权利要求79的组合物的电致发光层及第二电极。
122.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都是透明电极。
123.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述电极之一或二者都包含氧化锡或掺杂的氧化锡。
124.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述电荷传输材料之一是作为离生层提供的空穴传输材料。
125.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其包含两层;包含空穴传输材料的第一层及所述电致发光层。
126.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中电子传输材料是作为层提供的。
127.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其包含两层;包含电子传输材料的第一层及另外包含空穴传输材料的所述电致发光层。
128.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其包含三层;夹于电子传输材料层及空穴传输材料层间的电致发光层。
129.权利要求128的电致发光装置,其中所述层不是离生的而是梯级的。
130.权利要求121的电致发光装置,包含空穴传输材料及电子传输材料,在所述电致发光层内二者均为梯级的。
131.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是20nm或更少。
132.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是10nm或更少。
133.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是5nm或更少。
134.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述发射光谱带是3nm或更少。
135.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述电致发光层包含具有1至1000纳米范围的物理尺寸的纳米粉末。
136.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述起动电压低于15V。
137.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述起动电压低于10V。
138.权利要求121的电致发光装置,其中所述起动电压低于5V。
139.一种组合物,包含具有下述结构的聚合物:
-(R-可极化配位基-R)-(Y)-;及一或多种发光金属离子或金属离子配合物,其中R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何二个R基可桥接,且Y是聚合物重复单元。
140.权利要求139的组合物,其中所述发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物包含选自铬、锰、铁、钴、钼、钌、铑、钯、银、钨、铼、锇、铱、铂、金及铀的金属离子。
142.权利要求139的组合物,其中Y选自: 其中在Y重复单元上的R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何Y重复单元的二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p镧系0-5,q是0-6,且r是0-7,且E是选自O、NH及S。
143.一种组合物,其包括聚合物和一或多种发光金属离子或发光金属离子配合物;所述聚合物包含选自下述的重复单元: 其中R独立地选自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基、芳基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基酯、芳基酯、酰胺、羧酸、氟烷基、氟芳基、聚亚烷氧基,任何二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,A及B独立地选自-O-、-S-、-NR1-,及-CR1R2-、-CR1R2CR3R4-、-N=CR1-、-CR1=CR2-、-N=N-,及-(CO)-,其中R1-R4是H、D、F、烷基、芳基、亚烷氧基、聚亚烷氧基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氟烷基及氟芳基,二个R基可桥接,m是0-2,n是0-3,o是0-4,p是0-5,q是0-6,且r是0-7,且E是选自O、NH及S。
144.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约50,000道尔顿的分子量。
145.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约60,000道尔顿的分子量。
146.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约100,000道尔顿的分子量。
147.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约150,000道尔顿的分子量。
148.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有大于约200,000道尔顿的分子量。
149.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有至少1.8dL/g的固有粘度。
150.权利要求143的组合物,其中所述聚合物具有至少4.2dL/g的固有粘度。
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CN111139527A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-05-12 | 季华实验室 | 有机晶体材料的制备方法、有机晶体材料和发光元件 |
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