CN1304389C - 可用作ccr5拮抗剂的哌啶衍生物 - Google Patents
可用作ccr5拮抗剂的哌啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1304389C CN1304389C CNB028166795A CN02816679A CN1304389C CN 1304389 C CN1304389 C CN 1304389C CN B028166795 A CNB028166795 A CN B028166795A CN 02816679 A CN02816679 A CN 02816679A CN 1304389 C CN1304389 C CN 1304389C
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- alkyl
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- aryl
- treatment
- phenyl
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- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本发明提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中R1、R2、R3、R9、R10、A和B在说明书中定义。本发明还提供包含本发明化合物的药用组合物、使用本发明化合物的治疗方法。本发明还涉及本发明化合物与一种或多种用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的抗病毒药物或其它药物的联合药物的用途。本发明进一步涉及本发明化合物单独或结合另一种药物在治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘、变态反应或多发性硬化中的应用。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2001年8月29日申请的美国临时申请60/315683的优选权。
发明领域
本发明涉及用作选择性CCR5拮抗剂的哌啶衍生物、包含本发明化合物的药用组合物以及使用本发明化合物的治疗方法。本发明还涉及本发明化合物与一种或多种用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的抗病毒药物或其它药物的联合药物的用途。本发明进一步涉及本发明化合物单独或结合另一种药物在治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘、变态反应或多发性硬化中的应用。
发明背景
毫无疑问,获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)的病原体HIV引起了全球性的健康危机。尽管药物治疗的最新进展已经在减缓AIDS进程方面取得了成功,但是仍然需要寻找一种控制该病毒的更安全、更有效而且更便宜的途径。
据报道,CCR5基因在抗HIV感染方面具有某种作用。HIV感染开始于病毒通过与细胞受体CD4和次级趋化因子辅助受体分子相互作用附着到靶细胞膜,然后复制,而且感染细胞通过血液扩散到其它组织。存在各种趋化因子受体,但是对于嗜巨噬细胞性HIV(人们认为嗜巨噬细胞性HIV是感染早期在体内复制的非常关键的致病株),HIV进入细胞所需的首要趋化因子受体是CCR5。因此,干扰病毒受体CCR5与HIV间相互作用能够阻止HIV进入细胞。本发明涉及为CCR5拮抗剂的小分子。
据报道,CCR5受体在炎性疾病中介导细胞转移,所述炎性疾病有例如关节炎、类风湿关节炎、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘和变态反应。预计这样的受体的抑制剂可用于治疗所述疾病以及治疗其它炎性疾病或病症,例如炎性肠病、多发性硬化、实体器官移植排斥和移植物抗宿主病。
用作治疗认知障碍(例如早老性痴呆)的毒蕈碱拮抗剂的其它哌啶衍生物在美国专利5,883,096、6,037,352、5,889,006、5,952,349和5,977,138中公开。
A-M.Vandamme等,
Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy,9:187-203(1998)公开了目前临床治疗人HIV-1感染的方法,包括至少三种药物的联合应用或称为高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法(“HAART”)。HAART涉及核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(“NRTI”)、非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(“NNRTI”)和HIV蛋白酶抑制剂(“PI”)的不同联合应用。在按治疗方案用药的首次治疗患者,HAART有效降低死亡率以及减缓HIV-1感染发展为AIDS。然而,上述多药物疗法不能消除HIV-1并且长期治疗往往导致多药耐药性。仍然需要优先考虑开发提供更好HIV-1治疗的新药物疗法。
发明概述
本发明提供一类用作CCR5受体拮抗剂的新化合物、制备所述化合物的方法、包含一种或多种所述化合物的药用组合物以及治疗、预防或改善一种或多种CCR5受体相关性疾病的方法。
本发明一个方面涉及具有式I所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物:
其中:
R1为
R2选自以下基团:H、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、烷基酮、芳基酮、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、环烷基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、烷氧基烷基或酰胺;
R3选自以下基团:芳基、6-元杂芳基、芴基;二苯基甲基、6元杂芳基-N-氧化物、
其中所述芳基、芴基、二苯基或杂芳基任选被1-4个取代基取代,所述取代基可以相同或不同并且独立选自R11、R12、R13、R14和R15;
R4为选自以下基团的1-3个取代基:H、卤基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环烷基、酰胺、CF3、OCF3、芳基、杂芳基、-XR7、-C(O)C3-C8环烷基、-C(O)C3-C8杂环烷基、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)SO2R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)NR20R21、-CN、-CO2H、-CO2R22、R8-芳基(C1-C6)烷基-、R8-杂芳基(C1-C6)烷基-、-C(O)-(C1-C6)烷基、R8-芳基-C(O)-、-C(O)NR21R22、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)N(H)OH、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)C(O)R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)CO2R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)C(O)NR21R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-NR21R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-NH2、(C1-C6)烷基SO2NR21R22和-SO2NR21R22,其中当存在一个以上R4时,R4可以相同或不同并且独立选定;
R5选自以下基团:H、芳基烷基、(C1-C6)烷基、R8-芳基(C1-C6)烷基-、R8-杂芳基(C1-C6)烷基-、-SO2-(C1-C6)烷基、-SO2-(C3-C6)环烷基、-SO2-芳基、R8-芳基-SO2-、-C(O)-(C1-C6)烷基、-C(O)-(C4-C6)环烷基、R8-芳基-C(O)-、-C(O)NR21R22和-SO2NR21R22;
R6为H、-(C1-C6)烷基或-(C1-C6)卤代烷基;
R7选自以下基团:芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、烷基、卤代烷基和环烷基;
R8为1、2或3个选自以下的取代基:H、卤基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、-CF3、-OCF3、CH3C(O)-、-CN、CH3SO2-、CF3SO2-和-NH2,其中当存在一个以上R8时,R8可以相同或不同并且独立选定;
R9、R10和B可以相同或不同并且各自独立选自氢、(C1-C6)烷基和-(C1-C6)卤代烷基;
R11和R12可以相同或不同并且各自独立选自以下基团:(C1-C6)烷基、-(C1-C6)卤代烷基、卤素、-NR19R20、-OH、CF3、-OCH3、-O-酰基和-OCF3;
R13选自以下基团:氢、R11、H、苯基、-NO2、-CN、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CHO、-CH=NOR19、吡啶基-N-氧化物、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、N(R20)CONR20R21-NHCONH(氯-(C1-C6)烷基)、-NHCONH((C3-C10)-环烷基(C1-C6)烷基)、-NHCO(C1-C6)烷基、-NHCOCF3、-NHCOCF3、-NHSO2N((C1-C6)烷基)2、-NHSO2(C1-C6)烷基、-N(SO2CF3)2、-NHCO2(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C10)环烷基、-SR22、-SOR22、-SO2R22、-SO2NH(C1-C6烷基)、-OSO2(C1-C6)烷基、-OSO2CF3、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、-CONR19R20、-CON(CH2CH2-O-CH3)2、-OCONH(C1-C6)烷基、-CO2R19、-Si(CH3)3和-B(OC(CH3)2)2;
R14选自(C1-C6)烷基、-(C1-C6)卤代烷基-NH2和R15-苯基;
R15为1-3个选自以下的取代基:氢、(C1-C6)烷基、-(C1-C6)卤代烷基、-CF3、-CO2R20、-CN、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤素;其中当存在一个以上R15时,R15可以相同或不同并且独立选定;
各个R16和R17可以相同或不同并且各自独立选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基,或者
R16和R17一起为C2-C5亚烷基并且与它们所连接碳一起构成3-6个碳原子的螺环;
各个R19、R20和R21可以相同或不同并且各自独立选自H、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C6)环烷基;
R22选自以下基团:(C1-C6)烷基、-(C1-C6)卤代烷基、(C2-C6)羟基烷基、(C2-C6)亚烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、芳基和芳基(C1-C6)烷基-;
A选自H、(C1-C6)烷基和(C2-C6)链烯基;
M为任选被R4取代的芳基或杂芳基;
Q为CH或N;
X选自以下基团:CH2、SO2、SO、S和O,并且符合以下条件:
当R1为苯基、吡啶基、噻吩基或萘基时,R2不能为H、-(C1-C6)烷基或-C(O)-(C1-C6)烷基。
本发明另一方面涉及用于治疗HIV的药用组合物,该组合物包含一种或多种式I化合物。
本发明另一方面涉及治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的患者治疗有效量的一种或多种式I化合物。本发明的进一方面涉及治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘、变态反应或多发性硬化的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的患者治疗有效量的一种或多种式I化合物。
本发明的又一方面涉及治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的患者一种或多种式I化合物以及一种或多种用于所述治疗的抗病毒药物或其它药物。本发明的进一步方面涉及治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘或变态反应的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的患者一种或多种式I化合物以及一种或多种用于所述治疗的抗病毒药物或其它药物。
作为联合用药组分的所述CCR5药物和抗病毒药物或其它药物可以以单一剂量或分开给药。本发明也包括包含各活性成分的独立剂型的药盒。
发明详述
本发明涉及具有以下式I所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R9、R10、A和B的定义同上。
当R1为
Q优选CH或N,R2优选烷基、芳基或苄基。
当R1为M-R4时,R2优选苄基、苯基或环丙基甲基。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的以下术语具有下文中定义的含义。
“烷基”是指可以为直链或支链的脂肪烃基并且链中包含1至约20个碳原子。优选的烷基在链中含1至约12个碳原子。更优选的烷基在链中含1至约6个碳原子。支链烷基是指诸如甲基、乙基或丙基的一个或多个低级烷基连接到直链烷基链。“低级烷基”是指链中具有约1至约6个碳原子的基团,它可为直链或支链基团。本发明优选的烷基为低级烷基。合适的烷基的非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、庚基、壬基、癸基、三氟甲基和环丙基甲基。
“卤基”是指氟基、氯基、溴基或碘基。优选氟基、氯基或溴基,更优选氟基和氯基。
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。优选氟、氯或溴,更优选氟和氯。
“卤代烷基”或“卤化烷基”是指含一个或多个卤基取代基的烷基。优选卤代烷基为卤代烷基。非限制性的实例包括-CH2Cl、-CHCl2、-CCl3、-CH2F、-CHF2、-CF3、-CH2-CH2F、-CH2CHF2、-CH2CF3和-CF2CF3。
“环系取代基”是指连接至芳族环或非芳族环系的取代基,例如它置换了所述环系上的有效氢。环系取代基可以相同或不同,各自独立选自以下基团:芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基、烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷基芳基、芳链烯基、杂芳烷基、烷基杂芳基、杂芳链烯基、羟基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、芳烷基氧基、酰基、芳酰基、卤基、硝基、氰基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、芳烷氧基羰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳烷硫基、杂芳烷硫基、环烷基、环烯基、Y1Y2N-、Y1Y2N-烷基-、Y1Y2NC(O)-和Y1Y2NSO2-,其中Y1和Y2可以相同或不同并且独立选自氢、烷基、芳基和芳烷基。
“环烷基”是指非芳族的单环或多环稠合环系,包含3-10个环碳原子、优选3-7个环碳原子、更优选3-6个环碳原子。环烷基可以任选被一个或多个“环系取代基”取代,所述环系取代基可以相同或不同并且定义同上。合适的单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。合适的多环环烷基的非限制性实例包括1-十氢萘基、降冰片烯基、金刚烷基等。
“杂环烷基”是指非芳族的单环或多环稠合环系,包含3-10个环碳原子、优选3-7个环碳原子、更优选3-6个环碳原子,其中所述杂环烷基含有1个或2个独立选自O、S或N的杂原子,所述杂原子隔断碳环结构,条件是所述环不含相邻的氧和/或硫原子。杂环烷基可以任选被一个或多个“环系取代基”取代,所述环系取代基可以相同或不同并且定义同上。
“芳基”是指芳族单环或多环环系,包含6-14个环碳原子,优选6-10个环碳原子。芳基可以任选被一个或多个“环系取代基”取代,所述环系取代基可以相同或不同并且定义同上。合适的芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基和萘基。
“杂芳基”为含有1个或2个独立选自O、S或N的杂原子的5-6个环原子的环芳族基团或11-12个环原子的双环基团,所述杂原子隔断碳环结构并且具有足够数量的离域π电子提供芳族特性,前提是所述各环不含相邻的氧和/或硫原子。优选的杂芳基包含5-6个环原子。“杂芳基”可以任选被一个或多个“环系取代基”取代,所述环系取代基可以相同或不同并且定义同上。杂芳基基础命名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别是指至少一个氮、氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。氮原子可以构成N-氧化物。本发明包括所有的的位置异构体,例如2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基和4-吡啶基。可用的6-元杂芳基包括吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基等以及其N-氧化物。可用的5-元杂芳基环包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异唑基等。可用的双环基团包括由上述杂芳基衍生的苯并稠合环系,例如喹啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基等。
酰胺表示为RCONH2,其中RCONH2的一个或两个氢原子可以被烷基取代,所述烷基具有以上定义的相同含义。
芳基烷基或芳烷基是指芳基经烷基连接至主体基团或环的部分。
烷基酮是指烷基经酮连接至主体基团或环的部分。
芳基酮是指芳基经酮连接至主体基团或环的部分。
烷基芳基是指烷基经芳基连接至主体基团或环的部分。
杂芳基烷基是指杂芳基经烷基连接至主体基团或环的部分。
术语“任选取代(的)”是指用规定基团、原子团或部分任选取代。
本文使用的术语“溶剂化物”是指由溶质离子或分子与一个或多个溶剂分子构成的聚集体,例如包含所述离子的水合物。
本文使用的术语“组合物”和“制剂”包括包含指定成分的产品以及由所述指定成分的联合用药直接或间接得到的任何产品。
“患者”包括哺乳动物和其它动物。
“哺乳动物”包括人和其它哺乳动物。
术语“治疗有效量”是指管理人员(例如研究者、医生或兽医)寻找的治疗药物式I化合物的有效作用于组织、系统、动物或患者的用量,有效作用包括减缓所治疗病症或疾病的症状以及预防、减缓或中止所述疾病或病症(例如本文讨论的炎症、免疫调节病或呼吸性疾病)的进程。
本发明化合物的前体药物和溶剂化物也包括在本发明范围。本文使用的术语“前体药物”是指为药物前体的化合物,一旦将其给予患者,它将通过代谢过程或化学过程发生化学转化,得到式I化合物或其盐和/或溶剂化物。前体药物的阐述参见T.Higuchi和V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems(1987),A.C.S.SymposiumSeries的第14卷;Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,(1987)EdwardB.Roche编辑,American Pharmaceutical Association and PergamonPress,两篇文献都通过引用结合到本文。
式I化合物可以形成也属本发明范围的盐、溶剂化物和前体药物。除非另有说明,否则本文提及式I化合物时应当理解为涉及包括其盐、溶剂化物和前体药物。
本文使用的术语“盐”是指与无机酸和/或有机酸形成的酸盐以及与无机碱和/或有机碱形成的碱盐。此外,当式I化合物既包含碱性部分(例如但不限于吡啶或咪唑)又包含酸性部分(例如但不限于羧酸)时,可能形成两性离子(“内盐”)并且包括在此使用的术语“盐”内。尽管其它盐也是有用的,但是优选药学上可接受的(即非毒性、生理上可接受的)盐。式I化合物的盐可以通过例如以下方式生成:使式I化合物与一定量的酸或碱(例如一当量)反应,介质使用例如所述盐在其中沉淀的介质,或者使用水溶液介质并且随后冷冻干燥。
示例性的酸加成盐包括醋酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、门冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡萄庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、丁二酸盐、硫酸盐、磺酸盐(例如上述的磺酸盐)、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐等。此外,一般认为适合与碱性药用化合物生成药用盐的酸在例如以下的文献中有论述:S.Berge等,Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences(1977)
66(1)1-19;P.Gould,International J.ofPharmaceutics(1986)
33 201-217;Anderson等,The Practice ofMedicinal Chemistry(1996),Academic Press,New York)。上述文献的公开内容通过引用结合到本文。
示例性碱盐包括铵盐、碱金属盐(例如钠盐、锂盐和钾盐)、碱土金属-盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)、与有机碱(例如有机胺)如苄星、二环己基胺、哈胺(hydrabamines)(用N,N-双(脱氢松香基)乙二胺生成)、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖酸酰胺(glucamide)、叔丁胺的盐;以及与氨基酸(例如精氨酸、赖氨酸)形成的盐等。碱性含氮基团可以用例如以下试剂季铵化:低级烷基卤(例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、硫酸二烷基酯(例如硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙脂、硫酸二丁酯和硫酸二戊酯)、长链卤化物(例如癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基和硬脂酰基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳烷基卤(例如苄基溴和苯乙基溴)以及其它试剂。
所有这样的酸盐和碱盐为本发明范围内的药学上可接受的盐,并且所有酸盐和碱盐被认为是等价于相应本发明目的化合物的游离形式。
式I化合物及其盐、溶剂化物和前体药物可能存在互变异构体形式(例如为酰胺或亚氨醚)。所有这样的互变异构体形式都是本发明的一部分。
本发明化合物(包括所述化合物的盐、溶剂化物和前体药物以及前体药物的盐和溶剂化物)的所有立体异构体(例如几何异构体、旋光异构体等)包括在本发明范围,所述立体异构体有例如由于不对称碳上存在不同取代基产生的立体异构体,包括对映异构体形式(它甚至可以在没有不对称碳时存在)、旋转异构体形式、阻转异构体和非对映异构体形式。例如,本发明化合物的单独立体异构体可以基本没有其它异构体,或者可以混合为例如外消旋体或者与所有其它立体异构体或所选的其它立体异构体混合。本发明的手性中心可具有IUPAC 1974 Recommendations定义的S或R构型。在使用术语“盐”、“溶剂化物”、“前体药物”等时同样适用于本发明化合物的对映异构体、立体异构体、旋转异构体、互变异构体、外消旋体或前体药物的盐、溶剂化物和前体药物。
本文使用的术语“核苷和核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂”(“NRTI”)是指抑制HIV-1逆转录酶活性的核苷和核苷酸以及其类似物,所述酶催化病毒基因组HIV-1RNA转化为前病毒HIV-1DNA。
通常合适的NRTI包括齐多夫定(AZT),商品名RETROVIR,Glaxo-Wellcome Inc.,Research Triangle,NC 27709;去羟肌苷(ddl),商品名VIDEX,Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.,Princeton,NJ 08543;扎西他滨(ddC),商品名HIVID,Roche Pharmaceuticals,Nutley,NJ07110;司他夫定(d4T),商品名ZERIT,Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.,Princeton,NJ 08543;拉米夫定(3TC),商品名EPIVIR,Glaxo-WellcomeResearch Triangle,NC27709;WO96/30025中公开的阿巴卡韦(1592U89),商品名ZIAGEN,Glaxo-Wellcome Research Triangle,NC27709;阿德福韦二匹伏酯[bis(POM)-PMEA],商品名PREVON,GileadSciences,Foster City,CA 94404;洛不卡韦(BMS-180194),EP-0358154和EP-0736533中公开的一种核苷逆转录酶抑制剂,由Bristol-MyersSquibb(Princeton,NJ 08543)开发;BCH-10652,一种逆转录酶抑制剂(为BCH-10618和BCH-10619的外消旋混合物形式),由BiochemPharma(Laval,Quebec H7V,4A7,Canada)开发;恩曲他滨[(-)-FTC],Emory University许可,Emory UniV.的美国专利5,814,639,由TrianglePharmaceuticals(Durham,NC 27707)开发;β-L-FD4(也称为β-L-D4C和β-L-2′,3′-dicleoxy-5-fluoro-cytidene),Yale University许可给VionPharmaceuticals,New Haven CT 06511;DAPD,嘌呤核苷,(-)-β-D-2,6-二氨基-嘌呤二氧戊环在EP 0656778中公开,Emory University和University of Georgia许可给Triangle Pharmaceuticals,Durham,NC27707;洛德腺苷(FddA),9-(2,3-二脱氧-2-氟-b-D-苏型-戊呋喃糖基)腺嘌呤,一种酸稳定的基于嘌呤的逆转录酶抑制剂,由美国BioscienceInc.(West Conshohoken,PA 19428)开发。
本文使用的术语“非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂”(“NNRTI”)是指抑制HIV-1逆转录酶活性的非核苷。
通常合适的NNRTI包括奈韦拉平(BI-RG-587),商品名VIR AMUNE,Boehringer Ingelheim(Roxane Laboratories的生产厂),Columbus,OH 43216;地拉韦啶(BHAP,U-90152),商品名RESCRIPTOR,Pharmacia & Upjohn Co.,Bridge Water NJ08807;依法韦仑(DMP-266),WO94/03440公开的苯并嗪一2-酮,商品名SUSTIVA,DuPont Pharmaceutical Co.,Wilmington,DE 19880-0723;PNU-142721,Pharmacia and Upjohn(Bridge Water NJ 08807)开发的一种呋喃并吡啶-硫代-嘧啶;AG-1549(以前为Shionogi#S-1153);5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-硫代-4-异丙基-1-(4-吡啶基)甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基甲基碳酸酯,公开于WO 96/10019,由Agouron Pharmaceuticals Inc.(LaJolla CA92037-1020)临床开发;MKC-442(1-(乙氧基-甲基)-5-(1-甲基乙基)-6-(苯基甲基)-(2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮),由Mitsubishi Chemical Co.发现,由Triangle Pharmaceuticals(Durham,NC27707)开发;(+)-calanolide A(NSC-675451)和B,公开于NIH美国专利5,489,697的香豆素衍生物,许可给Med Chem Research,该公司将(+)calanolide A与Vita-Invest共同开发为口服产品。
本文使用的术语“蛋白酶抑制剂”(“PI”)是指HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂,病毒多聚蛋白前体(例如病毒GAG和GAG Pol多聚蛋白)蛋白水解性断裂为传染性HIV-1中发现的单独功能蛋白时需要所述酶。HIV蛋白酶抑制剂包括具有拟肽结构、高分子量(7600道尔顿)以及实质性的肽特征的化合物例如CRIXIVAN(Merck),以及非肽蛋白酶抑制剂例如VIRACEPT(Agouron)。
通常合适的PI包括沙奎那韦(Ro 31-8959),其硬质凝胶胶囊的商品名INVIRASE,其软质凝胶胶囊的商品名FORTOVASE,RochePharmaceuticals,Nutley,NJ 07110-1199;利托那韦(ABT-538),商品名NORVIR,Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL 60064;茚地那韦(MK-639),商品名CRIXIVAN,Merck & Co.,Inc.,West Point,PA19486-0004;奈非那韦(AG-1343),商品名VIRACEPT,AgouronPharmaceuticals,Inc.,LaJolla CA 92037-1020;氨普奈韦(141W94),商品名AGENERASE,Vertex Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(Cambridge,MA02139-4211)开发的一种非肽蛋白酶抑制剂,并且可购自Glaxo-Wellcome,Research Triangle,NC(正进行扩张市场计划);拉西那韦(BMS-234475),Bristol-Myers Squibb,Princeton,NJ 08543(最初发现者是Novartis,Basel,Switzerland(CGP-61755);DMP-450,Dupont发现的一种环状脲,由Triangle Pharmaceuticals开发;BMS-2322623,由Bristol-Myers Squibb(Princeton,NJ 08543)开发的一种氮杂肽,为第二代HIV-1PI;ABT-378,由Abbott,Abbott Park,IL 60064开发;AG-1549,一种口服活性咪唑氨基甲酸酯,由Shionogi(Shionogi#S-1153),由Agouron Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(LaJolla CA 92037-1020)开发。
其它抗病毒药物包括羟基脲、利巴韦林、IL-2、IL-12、喷他夫西和Yissum Project No.11607。羟基脲(Droxia)是一种核糖核苷三磷酸酯还原酶抑制剂,所述酶参与活化T-细胞,羟基脲由NCI发现并由Bristol-Myers Squibb开发;在临床前研究中,证明其对去羟肌苷有协同作用,并且已经与司他夫定一起研究。IL-2公开于Ajinomoto的EP-0142268、Takeda的EP-0176299以及Chiron的美国专利RE33653、4530787、4569790、4604377、4748234、4752585和4949314,并且商品名为PROLEUKIN(阿地白介素),Chiron Corp.,Emeryville,CA 94608-2997,为冷冻干燥粉末,在还原并用水稀释后用于IV输注或sc给药;优选剂量为约1至约20百万IU/d的sc;更优选剂量为约15百万IU/d的sc。IL-12公开于WO96/25171,可从RochePharmaceuticals(Nutley,NJ 07110-1199)和American HomeProdocts(Madison,NJ 07940)购买;优选剂量为约0.5mg/kg/d至约10mg/kg/d的sc。喷他夫西(DP-178,T-20)是一种36-氨基酸合成肽,公开于美国专利5,464,933,由Duke University许可给Trimeris,Trimeris正与Duke University合作开发喷他夫西;喷他夫西通过抑制HIV-1融合至靶膜作用。喷他夫西(3-100mg/d)与依法韦仑以及2种PI一起连续sc输注或注射给予三联疗法难以治疗的HIV-1阳性患者;优选使用100mg/d。Yissum Project No.11607是一种基于HIV-1 Vif蛋白的合成蛋白,由Yissum Research Development Co.(Jerusalem91042,Israel)进行临床前研究。利巴韦林是1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺,可从ICN Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(Costa Mesa,CA)购买;其制造和配制参见美国专利4,211,771。
本文使用的术语“抗HIV-1疗法”是指可用于单独治疗人HIV-1感染,或作为多药物联合疗法、尤其是HAART三联和四联疗法的一部分用于治疗HIV-1感染的任何抗HIV-1的药物。通常已知的合适抗HIV-1疗法包括但不限于多药联合疗法,例如(i)选自两种NRTI、一种PI、第二种PI以及一种NNRTI的至少三种抗HIV-1药物;(ii)选自NNRTI和PI的至少两种抗HIV-1药物。通常合适的HAA T-多药联合疗法包括:(a)三联疗法例如两种NRTI和一种PI;或(b)两种NRTI和一种NNRTI;以及(c)四联疗法例如两种NRTI、一种PI和第二种PI或一种NNRTI。在治疗未用过药的患者时,优选开始用三联疗法开始抗HIV-1治疗;除非对PI有耐药性,否则优选使用两种NRTI和一种PI。药物顺从是必须的。应该每3-6个月监测CD4+和HIV-1-RNA血浆水平。如果病毒量达到稳定水平,可加入第四种药,例如一种PI或一种NNRTI。参见以下表格,进一步介绍了通常的疗法:
抗HIV-1多药联合疗法
A.三联疗法
1.两种NRTI1+一种PI2
2.两种NRTI1+一种NNRTI3
B.四联疗法4
两种NRTI+一种PI+第二种PI或一种NNRTI
C.备选疗法:5
两种NRTI1
一种NRTI5+一种PI2
两种PI6+一种NRTI7或NNRTI3
一种PI2+一种NRTI7+一种NNRTI3
对表中脚注的解释
1.以下其中一种:齐多夫定+拉米夫定;齐多夫定+去羟肌苷;司他夫定+拉米夫定;司他夫定+去羟肌苷;齐多夫定+扎西他滨。
2.茚地那韦、奈非那韦、利托那韦或沙奎那韦软质凝胶胶囊。
3.奈韦拉平或地拉韦啶。
4.参见A-M.Vandamne等,Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy9:187,p.193-197和图1+2。
5.备选方案用于因为顺从性问题或毒性原因不能采用推荐方案的患者以及用于使用推荐方案失败或复发的患者。两种核苷联合可能在很多患者中导致HIV耐药性以及临床失败。
6.大部分数据用沙奎那韦和利托那韦(各400mg bid)获得。
7.齐多夫定、司他夫定或去羟肌苷。
本发明化合物的具体实例包括但不限于这样的化合物:其中R1、R2和R3如以下表格中的定义:
表1
# | R1 | R2 | R3 |
表1中优选的化合物为表IA的化合物:
表IA
# | R1 | R2 | R3 |
本发明更优选的化合物为以下结构式表示的化合物:
本发明化合物尤其用作CCR5拮抗剂。
本发明化合物可以按照本领域已知的方法制备,例如以下反应流程中介绍的方法、以下实施例介绍的方法以及美国专利5,883,096;6,037,352;5,889,006;5,952,349和5,977,138介绍的方法。
以下的溶剂和试剂在本文可能以所指出的缩写出现:四氢呋喃(THF);乙醇(EtOH);甲醇(MeOH);乙酸(HOAc或AcOH);乙酸乙酯(EtOAc);N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);三氟乙酸(TFA);三氟醋酸酐(TFAA);1-羟基-苯并三唑(HOBT);间氯过苯甲酸(MCPBA);三乙胺(Et3N);乙醚(Et2O);叔丁氧基羰基(BOC);1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU);二甲亚砜(DMSO);对甲苯磺酸(p-TSA);双(三甲硅烷基)-氨基钾(KHMDA);4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP);N,N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA);1-(3-二甲基-氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)。RT为室温。
按照流程A制备式IA化合物,其中X为CH2或N,R2为烷基、芳基或苄基,R3和R5同本发明概述中的定义。
流程A
为了合成式IA化合物,将4-羟基-哌啶1和N-Boc-4-哌啶酮2依次用异丙醇钛和二乙基氰化铝处理得到氰基-胺3。将氰基-胺3用甲基溴化镁处理得到甲基化衍生物4。将哌啶醇4通过swern氧化反应氧化为酮5。用酸例如TFA处理脱去5中的Boc基团,用标准条件使游离胺与酸如R3CO2H偶合得到酮-酰胺6。在三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠存在下,使酮-酰胺8与取代的4-氨基哌啶7反应得到胺8。通过还原性氨化(RCHO/Na(AcO)3BH)或烷基化(NaH或Cs2CO3/R2X)将8的游离胺官能化获得式IA化合物。
按照以下流程B、C和D制备式IIA化合物,其中R2、R3、R4和M同上定义。
流程B
在三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠存在下,使酮-酰胺5与胺10反应得到官能化胺11。胺11用NaH、Cs2CO3/R2X或NaCAcO)3BH/RCHO烷基化得到叔胺12。用酸例如HCl或TFA除去12的Boc基团,所得哌啶可偶合至酸获得式IB化合物。
流程C
在Na(AcO)3BH存在下,使N-Boc-4-哌啶酮2与胺(R2NH2)反应得到胺13。胺13可在钯催化下与芳基或杂芳基的卤化物/三氟甲磺酸酯反应或者与Cu(OAc)2/(R4M)3Bi反应得到芳化胺14。可以脱去14的Boc基团,按照前面说明的方法(流程1;步骤1和2)加入第二个哌啶环得到哌啶15。用酸如TFA或HCl脱去15中的Boc基团,将胺与R3CO2H表示的酸偶合获得式IB化合物。
流程D
按照以上流程C介绍的方法,官能化的胺11可以反应获得式IB化合物。
为了用本发明化合物制备药用组合物,惰性药学上可接受的载体可以为固体或液体。固体形式的制剂包括散剂、片剂、可分散的颗粒剂、胶囊剂、扁囊剂和栓剂。散剂和片剂可以包含约5%至约95%的活性成分。合适的固体载体是本领域中已知的,例如碳酸镁、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、糖或乳糖。片剂、散剂、扁囊剂和胶囊剂可以用作适合口服的固体剂型。用于各种组合物的药学上可接受的载体和制备方法的例子可以参见A.Gennaro(编辑),Remington′sPharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(1990),Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania。
液体形式制剂包括溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。这类制剂的例子包括但不限于用于胃肠外注射的水或水-丙二醇溶液剂或者加入甜味剂和遮光剂用于口服的溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。液体形式制剂还可以包括用于鼻内给药的溶液剂。
适合吸入给药的气雾剂可以包括溶液和粉末形式的固体,它可以结合药学上可接受的载体,例如惰性压缩气体如氮。
还包括这样的固体形式制剂:在临用前将其转化为液体形式制剂,用于口服或胃肠外给药。这样的液体形式包括溶液、悬浮液和乳液。
本发明化合物也可通过透皮给药。透皮组合物可以采用乳膏、洗液、气溶胶和/或乳液形式,并且可以包括在基质型或贮库型透皮贴剂中,所述剂型为本领域用于此目的的常规方式。
本发明化合物还可以皮下给药。
本发明化合物优选口服给药。
优选所述药用制剂为单位剂型。在这样的剂型中,制剂细分为适当大小的包含治疗有效量式I化合物的单位剂量。
制剂的单位剂量中活性化合物的数量可以根据具体情况变化或调整,从约10mg至约500mg,优选约25mg至约300mg,更优选约50mg至约250mg,最优选约55mg至约200mg。
本发明化合物的实际剂量可以根据患者的需要和所治疗疾病的严重程度而变化。本领域技术人员能够对具体情况确定合适的剂量方案。为了方便,可以将每天的总剂量分为几份并根据需要每天分几次给予。
本发明化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐的给药量和给药频率将由临床医师考虑各种因素如患者的年龄、身体状况和大小以及所治疗症状的严重程度后调节。通常推荐的口服日剂量方案可以为约100mg/d至约300mg/d,优选150mg/d至250mg/d,更优选约200mg/d,分为2-4次分剂量。
用于和本发明化合物联合用药的NRTI、NNRTI、PI以及其它药物的剂量和剂量方案由临床医师根据包装插页的或治疗方案说明的许可剂量和剂量方案并考虑患者的年龄、性别和身体状况以及所治疗疾病的严重程度后确定。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明化合物可以用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒,所述治疗通过给予需要这样治疗的患者治疗有效量的一种或多种式I化合物,优选结合一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。一种或多种、优选1-4种用于抗HIV-1治疗的抗病毒药物可以与本发明化合物联合用药。一种或多种抗病毒药物可以与一种或多种本发明化合物结合为单一剂型,或者一种或多种本发明化合物和一种或多种抗病毒药物可以以多个独立剂型同时或序贯给药。
预期用于与本发明化合物联合用药的抗病毒药物包括核苷和核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂、非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂和以下所列未进入上述分类的其它抗病毒药物。抗病毒药的具体实例包括但不限于齐多夫定、拉米夫定、扎西他滨、去羟肌苷、司他夫定、阿巴卡韦、阿德福韦二匹伏酯、洛布卡韦、BCH-10652、恩曲他滨、β-L-FD4、DAPD、洛德腺苷、奈韦拉平、地拉韦啶、依法韦仑、PNU-142721、AG-1549、MKC-442、(+)-calanolide A和B、沙奎那韦、茚地那韦、利托那韦、奈非那韦、拉西那韦、DMP-450、BMS-2322623、ABT-378、氨普奈韦、羟基脲、利巴韦林、IL-2、IL-12、喷他夫西、Yissum No.11607和AG-1549。特别地,预期被称为HAART的联合用药可用于与本发明化合物的联合应用。
对于超过一种活性药物的联合疗法,当活性药物为多个独立剂型时,各活性成分可以单独或一起给予。此外,一种药物的给予可以在给予另一种药物之前、同时或之后进行。
本发明的另一方面提供治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病、特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、哮喘、变态反应或多发性硬化的方法,该方法包括给予需要这样治疗的患者治疗有效量的一种或多种式I化合物,优选结合一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。在另一种实施方案中,治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主病、类风湿关节炎、炎性肠病或多发性硬化的方法进一步包括给予一种或多种用于治疗所述疾病的其它药物和一种或多种式I化合物。
可以联合本发明化合物给药的用于治疗类风湿关节炎、移植和移植物抗宿主病、炎性肠病和多发性硬化的已知药物如下:
实体器官移植排斥和移植物抗宿主病:免疫抑制剂例如环孢霉素和白介素-10(IL-10)、他克莫司、抗淋巴细胞球蛋、OKT-3抗体和类固醇;
炎性肠病:IL-10(参见US 5,368,854)、类固醇和水杨酰偶氮磺胺砒啶;
类风湿关节炎:甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、环磷酰胺、类固醇和麦考酚酸吗乙酯;
多发性硬化:干扰素-β、干扰素-α和类固醇。
本发明的另一方面涉及药盒,该药盒包括在多个独立容器中单独包装用于联合治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的药用组合物。在一个容器中装有包含一种或多种式I化合物和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物,而在独立的容器中装有一种或多种包含有效量的一种或多种用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的抗病毒药物或其它药物和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。
本发明HIV-1疗法的目标是减少HIV-1-RNA病毒量至低于可检测限度。本发明中“HIV-1-RNA的可检测限度”是指通过多周期逆转录酶PCR方法定量检测时少于约200个到少于约50个HIV-1-RNA/ml患者血浆。本发明中HIV-1-RNA检测优选通过Amplicor-1Monitor 1.5(可从Roche Diagnsotics获得)方法或Nuclisens HIV-1 QT-1方法进行。
以下的分析可以用于确定本发明化合物的CCR5抑制活性和拮抗活性。
CCR5膜结合分析:
利用CCR5膜结合分析的高通量筛选鉴定RANTES结合抑制剂。该分析利用由表达人CCR5趋化因子受体的NIH 3T3细胞制备的膜,所述受体具有结合至该受体的天然配体RANTES的能力。使用96-孔板形式,用125I-RANTES在化合物存在或不存在下温育膜制剂1小时。各化合物系列稀释至很宽的范围,0.001ug/ml至1ug/ml,一式三份测试。通过玻璃纤维过滤器收获反应混合物,充分洗涤。平均各平行测试的总计数,数据报告为抑制50%总125I-RANTES结合所需的浓度。在膜结合分析中具有有效活性的化合物进一步在第二个基于细胞的HIV-1进入和复制分析中表征。
HIV-1进入分析:
复制缺陷型HIV-1报道病毒粒子通过如下方法制备:将编码HIV-1的NL4-3病毒株(它已经通过包膜基因突变并引入萤光素酶报道质粒进行了修饰)的质粒与编码若干HIV-1包膜基因之一的质粒一起共转染,参见Connor等,Virology,206(1995),p.935-944。在转染两个质粒后磷酸钙沉淀,在第三天收获病毒上清液,检测功能病毒效价。然后将上述母液感染稳定表达CD4和趋化因子受体CCR5的U87细胞,所述细胞已经在受试化合物存在或不存在下经过预温育。感染在37℃下进行2小时,洗涤细胞,将培养基用含化合物的新鲜培养基替换。温育细胞3天,检测溶解活性和萤光素酶活性。结果报告为抑制对照培养物的50%萤光素酶活性所需的化合物浓度。
HIV-1复制分析:
此分析使用原代外周血单核细胞或稳定的U87-CCR5细胞系检测抗CCR5化合物阻止原HIV-1病毒株感染的效果。从正常健康供体纯化得到原代淋巴细胞,将其用PHA和IL-2体外刺激3天,然后感染。使用96-孔板形式,细胞用药物在37℃下预处理1小时,随后用M-嗜性HIV-1分离物感染。在感染后,洗涤细胞以除去残余接种物,在化合物存在下培养4天。收获培养物上清液,通过检测病毒p24抗原浓度测量病毒复制。
钙流量分析:
用钙敏感染料加载于表达HIV辅助受体CCR5的细胞,然后加入化合物或天然CCR5配体。具有激动特性的化合物将引起细胞中的钙流动信号,然而本发明化合物被认为是本身不会引起该信号的发出,但是能够通过天然配体RANTES阻止信号发出。
GTP S结合分析(第二种膜结合分析):
GTP S结合分析检测CCR5配体的受体活化作用,该分析检测35S标记的GTP对偶合G-蛋白的受体的结合,所述结合是由于受体被合适配体活化的结果。在该分析中,CCR5配体RANTES用从表达CCR5的细胞获得的膜温育,并通过分析结合的35S标记物检测结合至受体的活化作用(或结合)。如下进行定量检测:如果化合物具有激动剂特性,检测引起受体活化的作用,或者如果化合物具有拮抗剂特性,以竞争性或非竞争性方式检测对RANTES结合的抑制作用。
趋化性分析:
趋化性分析是表征受试化合物的激动剂特性对拮抗剂特性的功能分析。所述分析检测表达人CCR5(BaF-550)的非粘着小鼠细胞系对受试化合物或天然配体(即RANTES,MIP-1β)反应而迁移穿过膜的能力。细胞迁移穿过渗透膜接近具有激动活性的化合物。具有拮抗活性的化合物不仅不能诱导趋化性,而且能够抑制细胞响应已知的CCR5配体而进行的迁移。
萤光素酶复制分析:
从Dr.Susan Pontow(Washington University,St.Louis MO)获得编码HIV-1 pNL-4-Luc的全长基因组的质粒,HIV-1 pNL-4-Luc中gp120V-3环被HIV-1 ADA、YU-2或HxB的BglII片断(ADA-Luc-FL、YU-2-Luc-FL和HxB-Luc-FL)代替。有复制能力的萤光素酶报道病毒母液通过如下方式产生:用Superfect(Qiagen)或Mirus转染剂将质粒转染到293T细胞。在转染后48小时收集病毒母液并滴定测定在U-87-CCR5或CXCR4细胞上产生萤光素酶的效价。U87-CD4-CCR5细胞(104/孔)接种到96孔细胞培养板,温育过夜。除去培养基,用50μl新鲜培养基(DMEM,10%FCS)以及稀释于培养基的50μl化合物替换。将细胞与化合物在37℃温育1小时。除去生成物上清液,用20μl含化合物的培养基替换,并用等体积的稀释或未稀释的病毒母液在37℃下感染3-4小时。细胞用DMEM洗涤一次,加入200μl含化合物的培养基。将培养物温育3天,细胞在萤光素酶缓冲液(Promega,Madison,WI)中溶解,转移至Immulon板(Dynex Technologies;ChantillyVA)。将等体积的萤光素酶底物(Promega,Madison WI)加入溶解产物,立即在Wallac Luminometer读取所述板。用GraphPad PRISM软件确定50%和90%抑制浓度。
通过以下的制备实施例说明用于本发明的化合物,这些实施例不应该解释为对公开内容范围的限制。或者本发明范围内的机械途径和类似结构对本领域熟练技术人员是显而易见的。
实施例1:
化合物4
步骤1
将4-羟基-哌啶(1.0g,9.9mmol)、N-Boc-4-哌啶酮(1.97g,9.9mmol)和Ti(OiPr)4(3.2mL,10.9mmol)溶于二氯甲烷,在室温下搅拌19h。向此溶液中加入24mL Et2AlCN(1.0M甲苯溶液)。将所得溶液在室温下搅拌24h。冷却溶液,用饱和碳酸氢钠猝灭。混合物用EtOAc稀释,通过硅藻土垫过滤。滤饼用EtOAc和H2O冲洗。分离出各层,水层用EtOAc萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的EtOAc层,用硫酸钠干燥。通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩获得固体氰化物(2.84g,93%)。
步骤2
将步骤1的氰化物(2.84g,9.2mmol)溶于THF,冷却至0℃。在0℃将甲基溴化镁(15mL 3.0M乙醚溶液)加入以上溶液中。将溶液升至室温,在此温度搅拌16h。冷却溶液至0℃,用1N NaOH(aq.)猝灭。将混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤。用EtOAc冲洗硅藻土。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的EtOAc层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩获得油状醇(2.5g,90%)。
步骤3
将DMSO(0.9mL,12.6mmol)溶于二氯甲烷,冷却至-40℃(CO2/CH3CN)。在-40℃将乙二酰氯(1.1mL,12.6mmol)滴加到溶液。将溶液在此温度搅拌20min。步骤2的醇(2.5g,8.39mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液在-40℃加入以上溶液中。将所得溶液在此温度搅拌30min。将三乙胺(3.5mL,25.2mmol)在-40℃加入溶液中,将所得浆状物升至室温。在30min后,溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH(aq.)洗涤。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩。通过快速色谱法(2/1EtOAc/己烷,SiO2)提纯获得2.15g(87%)油状酮,缓慢固化。
步骤4
将Boc-哌啶(2.0g,6.7mmol)溶于二氯甲烷,加入TFA(7mL)。将溶液在室温下搅拌1h。浓缩溶液。将所得盐溶于H2O,用NaOH碱化。溶液用二氯甲烷萃取。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩获得1.1g(85%)脱去保护的哌啶。
将脱去保护的哌啶1.1g(5.6mmol)、EDCI盐酸盐(1.6g)、HOBT(1.2g)、二异丙基乙胺(1.8g)和4,6-二甲基-3-嘧啶羧酸(1.1g)溶于二氯甲烷,在室温下搅拌16h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH水溶液洗涤。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩获得0.94g(51%)泡沫状酰胺。
步骤5:
将步骤4的酰胺(0.94g,2.8mmol)、4-氨基-N-苄基哌啶(0.5g)、Na(AcO)3BH(0.84g)和HOAc(0.26g)溶于二氯甲烷,在室温下搅拌2h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH(aq)洗涤。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。通过硅藻土过滤和浓缩获得油状物。通过快速色谱法(梯度:二氯甲烷-2%[7N NH3的MeOH溶液]的二氯甲烷溶液-4%[7N NH3的MeOH溶液]的二氯甲烷溶液,SiO2)提纯获得1.2g(84%)油状胺。MS(FAB)505.4(MH+)
步骤6
将步骤5的胺(0.10g,0.20mmol)、苯甲醛(0.06g)和Na(AcO)3BH(0.12g)溶于二氯甲烷,在室温下搅拌15h。将苯甲醛(0.06g)和Na(AcO)3BH(0.12g)加入以上反应物中。将反应物再搅拌15h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH(aq.)洗涤。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。通过硅藻土过滤,浓缩获得油状物。通过制备型层色谱法提纯(7%[7N NH3的MeOH溶液]于二氯甲烷中,SiO2)获得0.025g(21%)本实施例中以上图示的产物。MS(FAB)595.5(MH+)。
下表2所示化合物按照上述类似的方法制备。
下表2所示化合物按照上述用于实施例1的类似方法制备。
表2
此系列集中为M=芳基或杂芳基的化合物。最优选的化合物为R2为苄基、苯基和环丙基甲基的化合物。
实施例2
化合物8
步骤1
将4-溴代苯胺(8.3g,48mmol)、N-Boc-4-哌啶酮(8.0g,40mmol)、Na(AcO)3BH(12.7g,60mmol)和AcOH(3.5mL,60mmol)溶于二氯甲烷,在25℃搅拌(17h)。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH猝灭。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤后浓缩。通过重结晶(二氯甲烷/己烷)提纯获得10.2g(72%)胺产物。
步骤2
将以上的胺(1.5g,4.22mmol)、苄基溴(0.74mL,6.3mmol)、NaH(250mg,60wt%分散于油中)和KI(350mg,2.11)溶于DME,在100℃搅拌(18h)。冷却溶液,在EtOAc和水间分配。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥。过滤,浓缩后通过快速色谱法(4/1己烷/Et2O,SiO2)提纯获得528mg(28%)苄基胺产物。
步骤3
将步骤2的苄基胺产物和4.0M HCl的二烷(5mL)溶于MeOH,将溶液在25℃下搅拌18h。浓缩溶液。残余物在二氯甲烷和1N NaOH间分配。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤、浓缩获得314mg(77%)游离胺产物。
步骤4
将步骤3的游离胺产物依次如下处理:1)N-Boc-4-哌啶酮(181mg,0.91mmol)/Ti(OiPr)4(0.32mL,1.1mmol);2)EtAlCN(1.1mL 1.0M的甲苯溶液),按照上述实施例1步骤1的条件进行。在后续步骤后,获得500mg(定量)氰基-胺。
步骤5
按照上述实施例1步骤2的条件将步骤4的氰基-胺用MeMgBr(1.5mL 3.0M的Et2O溶液)处理。通过制备型薄层色谱法(2/1己烷/EtOAc,SiO2)提纯获得344mg(70%)无色油状胺。
步骤6
将步骤5的胺和4.0M HCl的二烷(4mL)溶于MeOH,在25℃搅拌17h。浓缩溶液。脱去保护的胺的盐酸盐直接用于下一步骤。
步骤7
将步骤6的盐酸盐、EDCI盐酸盐(169mg,0.88mmol)、HOBT(119mg,0.88mmol)和iPr2NEt(1.5mL,8.8mmol)和4,6-二甲基-3-嘧啶羧酸(134mg,0.88mmol)溶于CH3CN,在25℃搅拌20h。浓缩溶液。残余物在EtOAc和1N NaOH间分配。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的EtOAc层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,随后通过制备型薄层色谱法(30/1二氯甲烷/7N NH3,SiO2)提纯获得172mg(68%)化合物8。将酰胺溶于EtOAc,在加入2.0M HCl的Et2O溶液后沉淀为盐酸盐。m.p.(盐酸盐):168-170℃。HRMS(MH+)计算值576.2338;实测值:576.2331。
以下的化合物通过类似的方法制备:
表3
实施例3
化合物69
步骤1
将3-氨基-6(三氟甲基)吡啶(1.0g,6.2mmol)、N-Boc-4-哌啶酮(1.5g,7.4mmol)、Na(AcO)3BH(2.0g,9.3mmol)和AcOH(0.35mL,6.2mmol)溶于1,2-二氯乙烷,在55℃搅拌17h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1NNaOH猝灭。水层用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩获得黄色油状物。将残余物重新置于所述反应条件20h。经过逐步处理后,获得黄色油状物。通过重结晶(二氯甲烷/己烷)提纯胺产物获得1.6g(75%)胺。
步骤2
将步骤1的胺(500mg,1.45mmol)、Ph3Bi(1.28g,2.9mmol)、Cu(OAc)2(530mg,2.9mmol)和Et3N(0.40mL,2.9mmol)溶于甲苯,在90℃加热18h。再加入Ph3Bi、Cu(OAc)2和Et3N,将反应物在90℃搅拌(48h)。使溶液通过硅藻土过滤,然后浓缩。通过快速色谱法(3/1己烷/EtOAc,SiO2)提纯获得352mg(58%)无色油状二苯基胺。
步骤3、4、5、6和7
将步骤2的Boc胺转化为嘧啶酰胺,然后按照上述实施例2AD的步骤3-7进行处理。通过制备型薄层色谱法(3/1己烷/丙酮,SiO2)提纯获得49mg化合物69。HRMS(MH+)计算值553.2903:实测值,553.2907。m.p.(HCl):189-193℃。IC50=0.11nm
以下化合物按照类似的方法制备:
表4
实施例 | SCH | 结构 | HIV 复制(萤光素酶) IC50nM | HRMS 实测值(MH + ) |
实施例4
化合物108
步骤1
将酮5(5.0g,16.9mmol)、苄基胺(1.67mL,15.3mmol)、Na(AcO)3BH(3.89g,18.4mmol)和AcOH(1.1mL,18.4mL)溶于二氯甲烷,在25℃搅拌18h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH猝灭。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,然后通过快速色谱法(20/1二氯甲烷/7N NH3的MeOH溶液,SiO2,)提纯获得5.79g(97%)胺产物。
步骤2
将步骤1的胺(200mg,0.52mmol)、4-溴-吡啶HCl(202mg,1.04mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(23mg,0.1mmol),P(tBu)3(84mg,0.42mmol)和NaOtBu(200mg,2.1mmol)溶于甲苯,在110℃加热17h。冷却溶液,在EtOAc和水间分配。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,然后通过制备型薄层色谱法(30/1二氯甲烷/7N NH3的MeOH溶液,SiO2)提纯获得129mg(54%)氨基-吡啶产物。
步骤3和4
按照上述实施例2步骤6和7的方法将步骤2的Boc胺处理。通过制备型薄层色谱法(30/1二氯甲烷/7N NH3的MeOH溶液,SiO2)提纯获得95mg(68%)酰胺产物(化合物108)。将所述酰胺溶于EtOAc,加入2.0M HCl的Et2O溶液后沉淀为盐酸盐。m.p.(盐酸盐):182-189℃。HRMS(MH+)计算值:499.3185;实测值:499.3181。IC50=0.8nm
以下化合物按照类似的方法制备:
表5
实施例5
化合物110
步骤1
将8-氨基喹啉(1.0g,6.9mmol)、酮5(3.08g,10.4mmol)、AcOH(1.11mL,19.3mmol)和Na(AcO)3BH(2.9g,10.4mmol)溶于30mLClCH2CH2Cl,在25℃搅拌16h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1M NaOH猝灭。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩。粗制产物通过快速色谱法提纯(梯度2∶1-1∶1己烷/EtOAc)获得2.66g(91%)苯胺产物。
步骤2
将苯胺(85mg,0.20mmol)、丙醛(23mg,0.4mmol)和Na(AcO)3BH溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)。溶液在25℃搅拌16h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1M NaOH猝灭。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩获得100mg叔胺。将上述产物直接使用无需再提纯。
步骤3
将Boc氨基甲酸酯和4.0M HCl的二烷(2mL)溶于MeOH(4mL),溶液在25℃下搅拌3h。浓缩溶液。在此产生的脱去保护的胺的盐酸盐直接用于下一步骤。
步骤4
将步骤3的盐酸盐、EDCI盐酸盐(61mg,0.032mmol)、HOBt(43mg,0.032mmol)、iPr2Net(0.365mL,2.1mmol)和4,6-二甲基-3-嘧啶羧酸(49mg,0.32mmol)溶于MeCN(2mL),在25℃搅拌24h。浓缩溶液。残余物在EtOAc和1N NaOH间分配。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过制备型薄层色谱法(95/5二氯甲烷/MeOH)提纯获得60mg(57%)酰胺产物(化合物110)。将酰胺溶于EtOAc,在加入2.0M HCl的Et2O溶液后沉淀为盐酸盐。m.p.(盐酸盐):181℃(分解)。HRMS(MH+)计算值501.3342;实测值:501.3349。IC50=23nm
实施例6
化合物111
步骤1
在60℃,将8-氨基喹啉(4.5g,31.3mmol)、N-氯丁二酰亚胺(4.80g,36mmol)溶于iPrOH(50mL)。将混合物加热至回流,搅拌20min。冷却溶液至25℃,浓缩至原体积的1/3。将混合物在二氯甲烷和水间分配。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩。粗制产物通过快速色谱法提纯(5∶1己烷/EtOAc)获得1.90g(34%)8-氨基-5-氯-喹啉产物。
步骤2
将以上喹啉(1.28g,7.2mmol)、酮5(34页,流程B;3.18g,10.7mmol)、AcOH(1.16mL,20.1mmol)和Na(AcO)3BH(3.05g,14.4mmol)溶于30mL ClCH2CH2Cl,在25℃搅拌16h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1M NaOH猝灭。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩。粗制产物通过快速色谱法(2∶1己烷/EtOAc)提纯获得2.0g(61%)黄色油状/泡沫状喹啉。
步骤3
将步骤2的喹啉(144mg,0.31mmol)、甲基碘(67mg,0.47mmol)和碳酸铯(153mg,0.47mmol)在封闭管中溶于DMF(3mL),加热至100℃24h。将混合物冷却至25℃,用EtOAc稀释。有机层依次用水、盐水洗涤。有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,然后浓缩。粗制产物通过制备型薄层色谱法(2∶1己烷/EtOAc)提纯获得14mg(10%)甲基化胺产物。
步骤4
将步骤3的产物按照上述实施例5(步骤3和4)的方法处理获得粗制嘧啶酰胺。通过制备型薄层色谱法(99∶1 95/5二氯甲烷/MeOH:7NNH3的MeOH溶液)提纯获得8mg(53%)化合物111。将酰胺溶于EtOAc,加入2.0M HCl的Et2O溶液后沉淀为盐酸盐。m.p.(盐酸盐):164-167℃(分解)。HRMS(MH+)计算值:507.2639;实测值:507.2634。
实施例7
化合物112
步骤1
将化合物108(10.5g)和TFA(20mL)溶于二氯甲烷,在25℃搅拌12h。浓缩溶液,残余物在二氯甲烷和1N NaOH间分配。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤后浓缩获得胺产物。
步骤2
将步骤1的胺、4,6-二甲基-3-嘧啶羧酸(6g)、EDCI(8.6g)和iPr2NEt(7.8g)溶于CH3CN,在25℃搅拌10h。浓缩溶液,残余物在EtOAc和1N NaOH间分配。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。通过快速色谱法(3%-5%MeOH的二氯甲烷溶液,SiO2)提纯获得4.9g嘧啶-酮产物。
步骤3
将步骤2的酮(1.65g,4.99mmol)、Na(OAc)3BH(2.1g)、AcOH(1g)和(+/-)-3-氨基-N-Boc-哌啶(1g)溶于二氯甲烷,在25℃搅拌48h。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N NaOH洗涤。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,然后通过快速色谱法提纯(3%-10%7N NH3的MeOH溶液/二氯甲烷,SiO2)获得1.7g(66%)胺产物。
步骤4
将步骤3的胺(400mg)、苄基溴(0.2mL)、Cs2CO3(1g)和KI(10mg)在DMF中于100℃加热12h。溶液在EtOAc和水间分配。水层用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,然后通过快速色谱法提纯(3%MeOH的二氯甲烷溶液,SiO2)获得300mg苄基胺产物。
步骤5
将步骤4的胺(300mg)和4.0M HCl的二烷(10mL)溶于MeOH,在25℃搅拌10h。浓缩溶液。残余物在二氯甲烷间分配。水层用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤后浓缩获得200mg脱去保护的胺产物。
步骤6
将步骤5的胺(100mg)和环丙基磺酰基氯(50mg)在二氯甲烷和1N NaOH间分配。将混合物于25℃下剧烈搅拌2h。分离出各层,水层用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥。过滤,浓缩,然后通过制备型薄层色谱法(9%MeOH的二氯甲烷溶液,SiO2)提纯获得50mg酰胺产物(化合物112)。将酰胺溶于EtOAc,加入2.0M HCl的Et2O溶液后沉淀为盐酸盐。m.p.(盐酸盐):190-195℃。HRMS(MH+)计算值:609.3587;实测值:609.3578。IC50=30nm
以下化合物按照类似的方法制备:
表6
虽然本发明已经联系上述的具体实施方案进行了阐述,但是它们的很多备选方案、修改和变化对于本领域熟练技术人员来说是显而易见的。所有这样的备选方案、修改和变化都已包括在本发明的实质性范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种以下结构式I表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物:
其中:
R1为
R2选自C1-20烷基、芳基、芳基C1-20烷基、杂芳基C1-20烷基、C3-10环烷基C1-20烷基和烷氧基C1-20烷基,其中所述芳基为苯基,所述杂芳基为吡啶基;
R3选自芳基、6-元杂芳基,其中所述芳基或6元杂芳基是未被取代的或被1-4个相同或不同并且独立选自R11、R12、R13、R14和R15的取代基取代,其中所述芳基为苯基,所述6元杂芳基为嘧啶基;
R4为选自以下基团的1-3个取代基:H、卤基、C1-20烷基、烷氧基、吗啉基、CF3、OCF3、XR7、-C(O)吗啉基、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)SO2R22、-CN、-CO2H、-CO2R22、-C(O)NR21R22、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)N(H)OH、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)C(O)R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R21)CO2R22、-(C1-C6)烷基-NH2和(C1-C6)烷基SO2NR21R22,其中当存在多个R4时,R4相同或不同并且独立选定;
R5选自芳基C1-20烷基、-SO2-(C1-C6)烷基、-SO2-(C3-C6)环烷基和R8-芳基-SO2-,其中所述“芳基C1-20烷基”和“R8-芳基-SO2-”中的“芳基”为苯基;
R6为H;
R7选自芳基和C1-20烷基,其中所述芳基为苯基;
R8为1、2或3个卤素取代基;
R9、R10和B相同,都为氢;
R11和R12相同或不同,各自独立为(C1-C6)烷基;
R13选自(C1-C6)烷基和吡啶基-N-氧化物;
R14为(C1-C6)烷基;
R15为1-3个选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基的取代基;其中当存在多个R15时,R15相同或不同并且独立选定;
R21各自独立选自H和(C1-C6)烷基;
R22选自(C1-C6)烷基、-(C1-C6)卤代烷基、(C2-C6)羟基烷基、C3-链烯基、(C3-C6)环烷基、芳基和芳基(C1-C6)烷基-,其中所述各“芳基”为苯基;
A为(C1-C6)烷基;
M为被R4取代的芳基或杂芳基,其中所述芳基为苯基,所述杂芳基选自吡啶基、吡唑基和喹啉基;
Q为N;
X选自SO2和O;
并且符合以下条件:
当R1为苯基或吡啶基时,R2不能为-(C1-C6)烷基。
5.一种药用组合物,该组合物包含一种或多种权利要求1的化合物。
7.权利要求5的药用组合物,该组合物进一步包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
8.权利要求6的药用组合物,该组合物进一步包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
9.权利要求5的药用组合物,其中所述药用组合物包含治疗可接受量的所述一种或多种化合物。
10.权利要求6的药用组合物,其中所述药用组合物包含治疗可接受量的所述一种或多种化合物。
11.权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的药物中的用途。
13.权利要求12的用途,该用途进一步包括将所述一种或多种化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体一起使用。
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CN106029657A (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-10-12 | 拜耳制药股份公司 | 作为肾上腺素能受体α2C拮抗剂的取代的联哌啶基衍生物 |
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