CN101715466B - 透明隔离膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括透明热塑性膜和至少一层防渗透层的透明隔离膜,该防渗透层由元素锌、锡和氧的化学化合物构成,其中锌的质量含量为5%-70%。本发明还涉及制备该隔离膜的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有优异的抗氧和水蒸气渗透并同时对可见光谱区的光呈高透明性的热塑性(thermoplastic)隔离膜(Barrierfolie)。本发明还涉及这种膜的制备方法。
背景技术
使用塑料膜作为易损物体的包装材料或保护膜是广为流行的方法。通常需要这种塑料膜不仅必须提供机械性保护或机械性限制,而且这种膜同时应达到对气体的阻断作用。该阻断作用也称为防渗透性。就隔离膜的阻断作用而言,实现对大气中所含的气体即氧和水蒸气的阻断作用常常是特别受关注的。这些气体与物体相接触会引起各种各样的化学反应,这些化学反应对待保护的材料常常是不利的。在食品包装中广泛使用隔离膜。已知的是水蒸气透过率的大小为防渗透性能如何的特征。例如厚度为125μm的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的膜的水蒸气渗透速率(Wasserdampftransmissionsrate)为约8g/m2d(其中数据单位“d”代表“天”,即24小时)。该值与膜的厚度有关。但在许多应用中需要明显更低的渗透值。例如对食品包装该值要达到约1g/m2d的值。
已知,如果使用多层隔离膜可达该值。对此一层是塑料膜本身,第二层例如由在该膜上的有较高的渗透作用薄层实现。这种层可以例如由铝制成。常要求阻挡层不仅具有防渗透性(Permeationssperre),而且同时还应是透明的。这里透明意指该膜在可见光谱区即波长为380nm-780nm范围的透射率至少为70%。当要用隔离膜包装光电器件如太阳能电池或显示部件时,特别需要透明性。在这种需求下,塑料膜与薄金属层的组合是不适用的。
已知,通过塑料膜和氧化物层的组合可使水蒸气渗透速率达约1g/m2d及更低,其准确值不仅与所使用的涂覆法有关也与涂层材料有关,因为不同元素的氧化物并不同样适用于具有渗透作用的层。例如已知,TiO2-层不能达到好的阻断作用,相反,元素铝的氧化物层有非常好的防渗透性(N.Schiller等人,Barrier Coatings on Plastic Web,44th AnnualTechnical Conference Proceedings,2001),此外,Si3N4也有非常好的防渗透性。
但材料Si3N4和氧化铝在施加于柔性塑料幅面上后易于形成裂纹,其对欲达到的阻断作用是不利的。同时由此限制了这类隔离膜的使用。这种情况不仅对食品包装有缺点,而且当要保护易损工业物品时也是不利的。例如这类物品可能是太阳能电池(要求:水蒸气渗透速率为10-3g/m2d)、锂基薄层电池(要求:水蒸气渗透速率为2×10-4g/m2d)或有机发光二极管(要求:水蒸气渗透速率为10-6g/m2d)。
如果通常是阻挡层的阻断作用随层厚增加而增大,则由于裂纹形成,特别是在氧化铝层情况下,从某层厚开始其阻挡作用不再会增大。例如层厚为约100nm的Al2O3-层的阻挡作用值为0.09g/m2d。进一步增加层厚其阻挡作用不再显示出明显增大。
对已知的隔离膜进行了各种各样的改进。特别是对有高防渗透作用的阻断层。例如由EP 0311432 A2已知一种具有在材料特性上具有梯度(Gardient)的SiO2-层。由此据信实现了对塑料膜的防渗透的机械适配,并由此达到了更好的机械抗性。
另一措施为层体系的多层结构,其中总交替施加无机和有机层。该措施在J.D.Affinito等人,Thin Solid Films 290-291(1996),第63-67页中提及,其中Al2O3用作高阻断作用的无机层。
在DE 102004005313 A1中将无机层与第二层组合,该第二层以特定的基于磁控管的PECVD法施加。在此情况下,Al2O3作为无机层也是可能的实施方案。
所有已知措施的共同点是达到高的阻断作用,其中借助于相应涂覆技术将至少一种具有高阻断作用的材料淀积于塑料上。但该所用的材料特别是Al2O3在机械应力下易于形成裂纹,由此限制了其应用。
发明内容
因此,本发明在于解决基于透明隔离膜和其制备方法的技术问题,由此可克服现有技术的缺点。特别是该隔离膜对氧和水蒸汽有非常好的阻断特性,并在机械应力下较不易产生裂纹。
该技术问题是通过具有在权利要求1和8的特征的主题实现的。本发明的其它有利扩展方案列于从属权利要求中。
本发明的透明隔离膜包括透明的热塑性膜和至少一层防渗透层(Permeationssperrschicht)。该防渗透层由元素锌、锡和氧的化学化合物构成,其中锌的质量含量为5%-70%。
已证实,由锌-锡-氧化物构成的薄层呈无定形材料存在。所以其比堪相比较的微晶材料如纯氧化锌具有更低的堆积密度(Packungsdicht)。但该由锌和锡组成的合金的混合氧化物的特征是非常优异的防渗透作用。此外令人意外的是,与氧化铝相比,该由锌-锡-氧化物制成的层有大大改进的柔性和更低的形成裂纹趋势。这样,即使随锌-锡-氧化物层的厚度增加到大于100nm仍可进一步改进阻挡特性。
因此,本发明的隔离膜的防渗透层可以有宽的层厚范围即20nm-1000nm。但在50nm-300nm的层厚范围内已具非常好的阻挡特性。
本发明的阻挡层除热塑性膜和防渗透层之外还可以包括其它层。如在所述膜和所述防渗透层之间可淀积含元素硅和碳的层,其中碳质量含量为1%-10%。这种层一方面用作润滑层(),另一方面在膜的机械特性和其防渗透层的机械特性之间起平衡或连续过渡的作用。
如果在膜上的防渗透层以如下方式形成梯度:以使朝向该膜的一面上的防渗透层具有至多5%的碳-质量含量,则即使无该中间层也可达到类似的作用。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,透明隔离膜包含比电阻小于2×10-3Ωcm的导电层。具有这种功能层的这类隔离膜同时可用作透明电极。本发明的阻挡层也可包含叠层,其中防渗透层、润滑层和/或功能层呈交替淀积在膜上。
在用于制备包括透明热塑性膜和至少一层防渗透层的透明阻挡层的本发明方法中,该防渗透层借助于真空涂覆法作为元素锌、锡和氧的化学化合物淀积。
其中淀积的防渗透层的厚度为20nm-1000nm,优选50nm-300nm。
例如磁控管溅射适合作为真空涂覆法。为此将由锌和锡组成的合金作为靶溅射(),该溅射过程在存在反应性气体即氧的条件下进行。
为了能在膜的整个表面上实现均匀的阻挡特性,还需要在整个膜表面上淀积保持恒定层厚的防渗透层。淀积的防渗透层的厚度可以有利地通过反应性气体氧至真空工作腔中的供入来调节。已知在反应性溅射过程中增加氧导致在待溅射的靶上形成更多的反应产物,这进而导致降低溅射速率。因此通过加入反应性气体可调节防渗透层的层生长。
因此在一个优选实施方案中,进入真空工作腔的氧通过调节回路控制。此外,在这里有利的是,控制氧引入的调节量由溅射等离子体的光学发射谱确定。
例如可确定锌或锡的发射谱线和所用惰性气体的发射谱线之商作为调节量。
具体实施方式
实施例
下面用优选实施例详述本发明。
附图说明
图1示出在通过磁控管-溅射反应性淀积ZnSnOx-层时调节氧引入量的调节回路的示意图,该氧引入量依该磁控管等离子体的两谱线的强度获得的值调节。
图2示出透渗透速率与Al2O3防渗透层和ZnSnOx防渗透层的层厚的关系图。
借助反应性溅射法在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的热塑性塑料膜上淀积锌-锡-氧化物的防渗透层。为此在存在惰性气体氩和引入反应性气体氧的条件下溅射锌-锡-合金靶。已知,通过引入反应气体氧可调节该靶由反应产物的覆盖程度和由此可调节淀积速率/层厚和层组成。图1中示意性图示出调节回路,借此可淀积具有保持恒定层厚的防渗透层和由此可得保持恒定的阻挡特性。
在用于实施溅射过程的真空腔1中,用光谱仪2测定锌的谱线的强度值和氩的谱线的强度值,再输入求值设备3中并得出该两强度值的商。将以此方法确定的商值与给定的额定值相比较产生调节信号,该调节信号控制供氧阀4并以如下方式再调节引入真空腔1中的氧:以使该测定的商值与给定的额定值相适应。
图2图解示出具有按本发明方法淀积的锌-锡-氧化物阻断层的隔离膜的防渗透作用与阻断层的层厚的关系。在纵轴上以水蒸气渗透速率作为防渗透作用的量度。层厚和水蒸气渗透速率的各数值对以小三角形表示,并以点划线示出由此所得的平滑曲线。
图2中也示出具有同样膜基材但具有现有技术的Al2O3-层的防渗透作用与Al2O3-层层厚的关系。其相关的各数值对以小方块表示,并以点线示出由此所得的平滑曲线。由图2看出,在相同厚度下,本发明的隔离膜比具有现有技术的Al2O3-层的隔离膜有更好的防渗透作用。同样可看出,从层厚约100nm开始,在Al2O3-层情况下不再可明显改进其阻断作用,相反,在本发明的隔离膜情况下,即使层厚超过100nm也还可明显改进其阻挡特性,由此可得出,本发明的隔离膜比具有Al2O3-层的已知隔离膜更不易形成裂纹。
Claims (14)
1.包括透明热塑性膜和至少一层防渗透层的透明隔离膜,其特征在于,该防渗透层由元素锌、锡和氧的化学化合物构成,其中锌的质量含量为5%-70%。
2.权利要求1的隔离膜,其特征在于,该防渗透层的厚度为20nm-1000nm。
3.权利要求2的隔离膜,其特征在于,该防渗透层的厚度为50nm-300nm。
4.上述权利要求之一的隔离膜,其特征在于,在朝向所述热塑性膜的一面上的防渗透层具有至多5%的碳质量含量。
5.权利要求1的隔离膜,其特征在于,该隔离膜包括至少一层其它层。
6.权利要求5的隔离膜,其特征在于,第一其它层为导电性的且具有小于2x10-3Ω·cm的比电阻。
7.权利要求5的隔离膜,其特征在于,第二其它层含元素硅和碳,其中碳质量含量为1%-10%。
8.用于制备包括透明热塑性膜和至少一层防渗透层的透明隔离膜的方法,其特征在于,该防渗透层借助于真空涂覆法作为元素锌、锡和氧的化学化合物进行淀积。
9.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,该防渗透层的厚度为20nm-1000nm。
10.权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,该防渗透层的厚度为50nm-300nm。
11.权利要求8-10之一的方法,其特征在于,该防渗透层通过溅射淀积。
12.权利要求11的方法,其特征在于,含锌和锡的合金的靶在引入反应性气体氧的条件下溅射。
13.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,借助调节回路控制氧的引入,其中由溅射等离子体的光学发射谱确定调节量。
14.权利要求13的方法,其特征在于,确定由锌或锡的发射谱线和所用惰性气体的发射谱线的商作为调节量。
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DE102007019994A DE102007019994A1 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2007-04-27 | Transparente Barrierefolie und Verfahren zum Herstellen derselben |
PCT/EP2008/001694 WO2008135109A1 (de) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-03-04 | Transparente barrierefolie und verfahren zum herstellen derselben |
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US (2) | US20100136331A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2148899B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5349455B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101456315B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101715466B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE475687T1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE102007019994A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008135109A1 (zh) |
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DE102008019665A1 (de) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Transparentes Barriereschichtsystem |
DE102009018518A1 (de) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | Tesa Se | Transparente Barrierelaminate |
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CN103597119B (zh) | 2009-07-08 | 2017-03-08 | 艾克斯特朗欧洲公司 | 用于等离子体处理的装置和方法 |
US8765232B2 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2014-07-01 | Plasmasi, Inc. | Apparatus and method for dielectric deposition |
DE102011017404A1 (de) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines transparenten Barriereschichtsystems |
JP2013047361A (ja) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | スパッタリングターゲット及びその製造方法並びに該ターゲットを用いた薄膜、該薄膜を備える薄膜シート、積層シート |
JP2013067015A (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-18 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | ガスバリア性フィルム及びその製造方法 |
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US20150184278A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-07-02 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Plastic film coated with zinc tin oxide and having improved optical absorption property |
US9299956B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2016-03-29 | Aixtron, Inc. | Method for deposition of high-performance coatings and encapsulated electronic devices |
US10526708B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2020-01-07 | Aixtron Se | Methods for forming thin protective and optical layers on substrates |
CN104812570B (zh) | 2013-07-01 | 2017-03-15 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 无机膜及层积体 |
KR102194915B1 (ko) | 2014-01-13 | 2020-12-28 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 스퍼터링 장치 및 스퍼터링용 가스 공급관 |
TW201622196A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-06-16 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | 太陽電池 |
DE102014118487A1 (de) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines transparenten Mehrschichtsystems mit Kratzschutzeigenschaften |
JP2019010735A (ja) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-01-24 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | ガスバリアー性フィルム及び電子デバイス |
GB201710213D0 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2017-08-09 | Dupont Teijin Films U S Ltd Partnership | Functional film and production method |
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- 2008-03-04 JP JP2010504472A patent/JP5349455B2/ja active Active
- 2008-03-04 KR KR1020097022141A patent/KR101456315B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-04 DE DE502008001051T patent/DE502008001051D1/de active Active
- 2008-03-04 EP EP08716213A patent/EP2148899B1/de active Active
- 2008-03-04 WO PCT/EP2008/001694 patent/WO2008135109A1/de active Application Filing
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2012
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101715466A (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
US20120168301A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
EP2148899B1 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
WO2008135109A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
US20100136331A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
KR101456315B1 (ko) | 2014-11-03 |
EP2148899A1 (de) | 2010-02-03 |
KR20100015821A (ko) | 2010-02-12 |
JP5349455B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
DE502008001051D1 (de) | 2010-09-09 |
JP2010524732A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
DE102007019994A1 (de) | 2008-10-30 |
ATE475687T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
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