CN109889708B - 具有自动可调节长焦视场的双孔径变焦数字摄影机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的数字摄影机包括被配置成提供具有广角图像分辨率的广角图像的直立式广角摄影机以及被配置成提供具有高于广角图像分辨率的长焦图像分辨率的长焦图像的折叠式长焦摄影机,广角和长焦摄影机具有对应的广角和长焦视场FOVW和FOVT以及对应的广角和长焦图像传感器,所述数字摄影机还包括适于提供对象或场景与长焦图像传感器之间的折叠光径的旋转OPFE,其中OPFE的旋转相对于FOVW移动FOVT。在一些实施例中,矩形FOVT与矩形FOVW正交。当被包括在具有在FOVW内显示FOVT的用户界面的寄主设备中时,所述用户界面可以被用来相对于FOVW定位FOVT,把FOVT扫描过FOVW,以及采集、存储并显示单独的广角和长焦图像、复合的广角加长焦图像和缝合长焦图像。可以通过连续地跟踪感兴趣的对象来自动(自主)进行FOVT在FOVW内的定位。
Description
分案申请
本申请系母案为发明名称“具有自动可调节长焦视场的双孔径变焦数字摄影机”、申请号“201680064150.6”、申请日2016年12月05日、申请人“核心光电有限公司”的中国专利申请的分案申请。该中国专利申请系PCT/IB2016/057366的中国国家阶段申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年12月29日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/272,367和2016年7月12日提交的62/361,150的优先权,二者都通过引用的方式被明确地全文合并在本文中。
技术领域
本文中所公开的实施例总体上涉及数字摄影机,并且特别涉及纤薄变焦数字摄影机。
背景技术
具有两个背面摄影机(也被称作“双摄影机”或“双孔径”)的寄主设备或者“个人计算和/或通信设备”(比如智能电话)是已知的,例如参见美国专利号9185291。两个背面摄影机具有同时操作来捕获图像的两个图像传感器(或者简称作“传感器”)以及具有不同焦距的透镜。尽管每一个透镜/传感器组合被对准成朝向相同的方向,但是每一个组合将通过两个不同的视场(FOV)捕获相同场景的图像。
其中一个摄影机具有“广角”FOV(FOVW)并且另一个摄影机具有较窄的或“长焦”FOV(FOVT)的双孔径变焦摄影机也是已知的,例如参见美国专利号9185291。所述摄影机分别被称作广角和长焦摄影机并且包括对应的广角和长焦传感器。这些传感器分别提供单独的广角和长焦图像。广角图像捕获FOVW,并且与捕获FOVT的长焦图像相比具有较低的空间分辨率。本文中所使用的“FOV”由两条线之间的夹角的正切定义,其中一条线穿过透镜并且平行于透镜光轴,另一条线是透镜与在对应的图像角落上所捕获的任何对象之间的一条线。所述图像可以被合并(融合)在一起,从而形成复合图像。在复合图像中,中心部分是通过组合由具有更长焦距的透镜/传感器组合所取得的相对更高空间分辨率图像而形成的,外围部分由通过具有较短焦距的透镜/传感器组合所取得的相对较低空间分辨率图像的外围部分形成。用户选择期望的变焦数量,并且复合图像被用来从所选择的变焦数量内插数值,以便提供对应的变焦图像。在后文中,本说明书中所使用的“分辨率”指的是表明摄影机的解析能力的图像空间分辨率,所述解析能力由透镜焦距、其孔径直径和传感器像素尺寸决定。
其中通过折叠光径获得一幅图像(通常是长焦图像)的双孔径摄影机是已知的,例如参见共同发明并且共同所有的美国专利申请号14/455,906,其中教导了包括“直立式”(具有去到对象或场景的直接光轴)广角摄影机和“折叠式”长焦摄影机的变焦数字摄影机,例如还参见后面的图2B。折叠式摄影机的光轴基本上垂直(正交)于直立式摄影机的光轴。折叠式长焦摄影机可以被自动对焦并且光学稳定,这是通过移动其透镜或者通过倾斜插入在其透镜与对应的传感器之间的光径中的光径折叠(反射)单元(例如是棱镜或反射镜,并且也被称作“OPFE”)。为了简单起见,光径折叠单元在本说明书的后文中通常被称作“棱镜”,应当理解的是所述术语可以指代能够实施本文中所描述的折叠光径的功能的任何其他光径折叠(反射)单元。
举例来说,标题为“双孔径变焦数字摄影机用户界面”的PCT专利申请PCT/IB2016/056060公开了一种用于操作包括在寄主设备中的双孔径数字摄影机的用户界面,所述双孔径数字摄影机包括广角摄影机和长焦摄影机,所述用户界面包括:被配置成显示至少一个图标以及通过长焦和广角摄影机的至少其中之一所采集的场景的图像的屏幕;定义叠加在由FOVW定义的广角图像上的FOVT的框架;以及用以把屏幕从显示广角图像切换到显示长焦图像的装置。用户界面还包括用以把屏幕从显示长焦图像切换到显示广角图像的装置。用户界面还可以包括:用以采集长焦图像的装置,用以存储和显示所采集的长焦图像的装置,用以同时采集广角图像和长焦图像的装置,用以分开存储和显示广角和长焦图像的装置,对应于长焦图像的对焦指示符和对应于广角图像的对焦指示符。
对象辨识是已知的,并且描述了在图像或视频序列中找到并识别对象的任务。为了在计算机视觉系统中实现这一任务已经实施了许多方法。这样的方法可以依赖于基于外观的方法,这是通过使用不同条件下的示例图像和大型模型库,并且/或者可以依赖于包括用以找到对象特征与图像特征之间的可行匹配的搜索的基于特征的方法,这例如是通过使用表面贴片、角落和边缘检测以及匹配。可以使用算法在预览或视频馈送中跟踪所辨识出的对象,其中所述算法是用于分析各个顺序帧并且输出各帧之间的目标的移动。
基于运动的对象跟踪的问题可以被分成两个部分:
(1)检测每一帧中的移动对象。这可以通过合并用于辨识和跟踪特定对象(例如人脸)的对象辨识算法来实现,或者例如通过检测场景中的任何移动对象来实现。后者可以合并基于高斯混合模型的背景减除算法以及被应用于所得到的前景掩模以便消除噪声的形态学操作。随后团块分析可以检测有可能对应于移动对象的连通像素的群组。
(2)例如使用Kalman滤波器之类的运动估计滤波器,随着时间把对应于相同对象的检测相关联。
发明内容
在示例性实施例中,提供数字摄影机,包括:被配置成提供具有广角图像分辨率的广角图像的直立式广角摄影机,所述广角摄影机包括广角图像传感器和具有广角视场(FOVW)的广角透镜;被配置成提供具有高于广角图像分辨率的长焦图像分辨率的长焦图像的折叠式长焦摄影机,所述长焦摄影机包括长焦图像传感器和具有长焦视场(FOVT)的长焦透镜;以及适于提供对象或场景与长焦传感器之间的折叠光径的旋转OPFE(例如棱镜),其中所述棱镜的旋转相对于FOVW移动FOVT。
在一个实施例中,广角和长焦图像传感器具有通过对应的高度维度和对应的宽度维度所定义的基本上矩形的形状并且处在正交的平面中,其对应的高度维度彼此正交,从而使得FOVT被旋转在与FOVW成90度。
在一个实施例中,在扫描模式下实施FOVT相对于FOVW的移动,所述扫描模式在FOVW内提供多个部分重叠或者邻近的不重叠长焦FOV。
在一个实施例中,棱镜旋转具有围绕其中FOVT处于FOVW的中心的零棱镜位置的多达±15度的范围。
在一个实施例中,数字摄影机可以被包括在具有用于操作数字摄影机的用户界面的寄主设备中,所述用户界面包括被配置成显示至少一个图标以及通过长焦和广角摄影机的至少其中之一所采集的对象或场景的图像并且显示定义FOVW内的FOVT的框架的屏幕。寄主设备可以具有用于操作数字摄影机的用户界面,所述用户界面包括被配置成显示至少一个图标以及通过长焦和广角摄影机的至少其中之一所采集的对象或场景的图像并且显示定义FOVW内的FOVT的框架的屏幕。在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用于相对于FOVW移动FOVT的装置。在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用于把FOVT扫描过FOVW的装置。在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用于把屏幕从显示广角图像切换到显示长焦图像的装置。在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用以采集长焦图像的装置。在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用以同时采集广角图像和长焦图像的装置。
在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用以相对于FOVW自动(自主)移动FOVT以便跟踪感兴趣对象的装置。在这样的情况下,摄影机也可以被称作“自主”摄影机。
在一个实施例中,用户界面还可以包括用以同时采集广角和长焦摄影机的视频流的装置。
在一个实施例中,表示多个邻近的不重叠长焦FOV的长焦图像被缝合在一起,从而形成使用在与广角图像的融合中的缝合长焦图像。
在一个实施例中,至少一幅长焦图像包括被缝合在一起从而形成缝合长焦图像的多幅相继的长焦图像,所述缝合长焦图像被使用在与广角图像的融合规程中以便提供复合图像。
在一个实施例中,可以在所述设备上或者在云端环境(简称作“云端”)中融合(或者组合或缝合)广角和长焦图像或视频流。
在一个实施例中,数字摄影机还被配置成形成复合视频流,其中每一帧是基于经过处理的广角图像或经过处理的长焦图像,所述经过处理的广角和长焦图像是在自主FOVT跟踪期间采集的。
附图说明
下面将参照在本段之后列出的附图来描述本文中所公开的实施例的非限制性实例。出现在多于一幅图中的完全相同的结构、单元或部件在其所出现的所有附图中通常由相同的附图标记来标示。附图及其描述意图说明和澄清本文中所公开的实施例,而不应当被视为以任何方式作出限制。
图1A示意性地示出了反映场景的广角FOV的图像;
图1B示意性地示出了反映图1A中的场景的长焦FOV的图像;
图2A示意性地示出了包括第一直立式摄影机和第二折叠式摄影机的双孔径摄影机,其中具有在零位置处把光径折叠到折叠式摄影机的棱镜;
图2B示出了通过如图2A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从棱镜的零位置得到的;
图3示意性地示出了允许折叠光径中的棱镜的倾斜的安排;
图4A示意性地示出了图2A的双孔径摄影机,其中棱镜被旋转到第一位置;
图4B示出了通过如图4A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从第一棱镜位置得到的;
图5A示意性地示出了图2A的双孔径摄影机,其中棱镜被旋转到第二位置;
图5B示出了通过如图5A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从第二棱镜位置得到的;
图6A示意性地示出了包括第一直立式摄影机的双孔径摄影机,其中具有相对于图2A的摄影机中的传感器被旋转90度的传感器,并且具有在零位置处把光径折叠到折叠式摄影机的棱镜;
图6B示出了通过如图6A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从棱镜的零位置得到的;
图7A示意性地示出了图6A的双孔径摄影机,其中棱镜被旋转到第一位置;
图7B示出了通过如图7A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从第一棱镜位置得到的;
图8A示意性地示出了图6A的双孔径摄影机,其中棱镜被旋转到第二位置;
图8B示出了通过如图8A中的双孔径摄影机所获得的复合图像,其中长焦FOV是从第二棱镜位置得到的;
图9A示出了合并有双孔径摄影机的智能电话和用户界面,其中本文中所公开的长焦FOV定位能力处在智能电话屏幕上的居中零位置处;
图9B示出了图9A的智能电话和用户界面,其中长焦FOV被移动到屏幕内的下方位置;
图9C示出了图9A的智能电话和用户界面,其中长焦FOV被移动到屏幕内的上方位置;
图9D示出了图9A的智能电话和用户界面,其中长焦FOV相对于广角FOV被旋转90度并且被移动到屏幕内的右侧位置;
图9E示出了图9A的智能电话和用户界面,其中长焦FOV相对于广角FOV被旋转90度并且被移动到屏幕内的左侧位置;
图10示出了使用在长焦FOV的扫描模式下的如图9D或9E中的智能电话和用户界面。
图11A示出了合并有双孔径摄影机的智能电话和用户界面,其中本文中所公开的自动长焦FOV跟踪具有智能电话屏幕上的第一长焦FOV位置;
图11B示出了图11A的智能电话和用户界面并且具有智能电话屏幕上的第二长焦FOV位置;
图11C示出了图11A的智能电话和用户界面并且具有智能电话屏幕上的第三长焦FOV位置。
具体实施方式
图1A示意性地示出了反映场景106的广角FOV的图像(或者视频流的帧)102。图1B示意性地示出了反映场景106的长焦FOV的图像(或者视频流的帧)104。在图1B中只看到图1A的场景的一部分。通过例如在美国专利申请号14/455,906中所公开的类型的具有直立式广角摄影机和折叠式长焦摄影机的双孔径摄影机同时获得两幅图像或两个视频流。所述两个摄影机例如可以是包括早智能电话或另一个个人通信设备中的两个背面摄影机。
图2A示意性地示出了包括第一直立式摄影机202和第二折叠式摄影机204的双孔径摄影机200。如图所示的XYZ坐标系被用来描述这一幅以及后面所有的“摄影机”附图。举例来说,直立式摄影机202是包括具有光轴204的广角透镜套件(或者简称作“透镜”)206和广角传感器208的广角摄影机。举例来说,折叠式摄影机204是包括具有光轴211的长焦透镜210和长焦传感器214的长焦摄影机。OPFE(例如棱镜)212可以是折叠式长焦摄影机的一部分,或者可以是把平行于轴207的光径折叠成进入到长焦透镜中的平行于轴211的光径的单独的单元。广角和长焦传感器位于对应的正交平面内,分别是XZ平面和XY平面。举例来说,广角和长焦传感器基本上是矩形的,并且具有对应的高度(H)和宽度(W)维度。因此,广角传感器208具有高度HW和宽度WW,并且长焦传感器214具有高度HT和宽度WT。全部两个传感器中的H/W比值通常(但不一定)是9/16或3/4。在折叠式摄影机中,把传感器214的高度定位在Y方向上是有利的,因为这样允许更小的寄主设备(例如智能电话)厚度。在图2A的摄影机200(以及图3、4A和5A中的摄影机200)中,传感器208和214的宽度维度彼此平行并且平行于X轴。
在美国专利申请号14/455,906中更加详细地描述了例如摄影机200之类的摄影机的操作。具体来说,棱镜可以围绕如图所示的X轴实施倾斜(旋转)移动216。旋转运动可以由图3中示意性地示出的步进电动机302导致。棱镜旋转角度的范围可以是在围绕“零”位置(见下方)的-15度到+15度之间,从而对应于±30度的FOVT偏移。摄影机202和204例如被用于分别拍摄图1A和1B的广角和长焦图像。
图2B示出了与广角图像102完全相同的图像230,其中具有表明长焦图像FOV的位置的框架232。摄影机在所框住的该FOV中可以具有高分辨率,这或者是通过融合广角和长焦图像,或者是通过捕获并且保存长焦图像。出于参考的目的,导致长焦FOV和所得到的图像处于广角FOV和广角图像的中心的棱镜位置在这里作为举例而非限制被称作棱镜的“零”位置。
棱镜212围绕X轴的旋转相对于广角FOV移动长焦FOV,从而导致场景106的其他部分变成具有更高分辨率的“长焦图像”。因此,图4A示出了棱镜212围绕X轴从其零位置逆时针(通过在-X方向上观看时的弯箭头402表明)旋转到新的第一位置。所述逆时针旋转使得通过框架232表明的长焦FOV移动到相对于通过框架230表明的广角FOV的新的“下方”位置。图5A示出了棱镜212围绕X轴从其零位置顺时针(通过在-X方向上观看时的弯箭头502表明)旋转到新的第二位置。所述顺时针旋转使得通过框架232表明的长焦FOV移动到相对于通过框架230表明的广角FOV的新的“上方”位置。虽然图4A、4B、5A和5B示出了两次分立的棱镜旋转移动以及相对于广角FOV的两个分立的长焦FOV位置,但是取决于棱镜旋转的角度和方向,显然存在长焦FOV可以占据的整个实际上连续的位置范围。
正如在图2A、3、4A和5A中所提到的那样,广角传感器208和长焦传感器214都被定位成使其更长侧(“宽度”)处在X方向上。其较短侧(“高度”)对于传感器208处在Z方向上,并且对于传感器214处在Y方向上。图6A示意性地示出了包括直立式摄影机206的双孔径摄影机200’,其中的广角传感器208’相对于图2A的摄影机206中的传感器208被旋转90度。在图7A和8A中还示出了现在其高度处在X方向上并且其宽度处在Z方向上的广角传感器208’。应当提到的是,WW现在也与HT正交。广角传感器的这一90度平面内旋转在FOVT相对于FOVW的定位和移动方面提供了特定的优点,并且因此在长焦和广角图像的捕获、处理和显示方面也提供了特定的优点。一个主要的优点在于,通过设定棱镜旋转角度,FOVW的更大百分比可以具有高分辨率。图6B示意性地示出了在摄影机本身相比图2B的摄影机被旋转90度(未示出)之后的由棱镜212的零位置所导致的居中位置处的FOVT 232’的位置(现在相对于FOVW 230被旋转90度)。
图7A示意性地示出了图6A的双孔径摄影机,其中棱镜212围绕X轴从其零位置逆时针(通过在-X方向上观看时的弯箭头702表明)旋转到新的位置。如图7B中所示,这一棱镜旋转使得长焦FOV 232’移动到相对于广角FOV的“右侧”位置。图8A示出了棱镜212围绕X轴从其零位置顺时针(通过在-X方向上观看时的弯箭头802表明)旋转到第二位置。如图8B中所示,这一棱镜旋转使得长焦FOV 232’移动到相对于广角FOV的“左侧”位置。虽然图7A、7B、8A和8B示出了两次分立的棱镜旋转移动以及相对于广角FOV的两个分立的长焦FOV位置,但是取决于棱镜旋转的角度和方向,显然存在长焦FOV可以占据的整个实际上连续的位置范围。
应当提到的是,通过在平面内把长焦传感器214旋转90度并且将广角传感器208保持其图2A中的原始位置不变,可以获得类似于前面所描述的FOVT相对定位效果。但是把传感器214定位成使得WT处于Y方向上可能会不利地增加摄影机高度(从而增加寄主设备厚度)。
当前面所描述的双孔径摄影机例如被包括在智能电话中时,长焦图像(也就是由长焦摄影机观看并采集的场景106的部分)由智能电话屏幕上可见的方框932界定。图9A示出了在背面(未示出)包括如图2A或6A中的广角摄影机和长焦摄影机的示例性智能电话900。广角和长焦摄影机具有已知的视场,二者之间具有已知的比例M=FOVT/FOVW。一般来说,M可以具有1/4到1/3之间的任何数值。举例来说,M可以具有1/2、9/16或3/4的数值。因此,框架932几乎确切地包括FOVT所看到的图像,并且具有作为整个屏幕(包括FOVW所看到的图像。)的一定分数M的尺寸。应当提到的是,对于图6A中所示出的摄影机配置并且对于具有4:3高宽比的广角和长焦图像传感器,选择M=3/4将导致FOVT与FOVW的短维度完全重叠,并且将允许通过倾斜棱镜对广角FOV进行完整的扫描。相同的论述对于具有16:9高宽比和M=9/16的图像传感器也是适用的。
在静止模式下,场景106由全部两个摄影机采集,其中广角摄影机提供所看到的整个图像(也就是广角图像),长焦摄影机提供由框架932界定的场景106的部分。智能电话900在与背面相对的正面还包括显示场景106的视图的屏幕或显示器902。屏幕902可以显示图标或文字“A”、“B”、“C”等等,所述图标或文字提供指示并且/或者可被选择以实施电话和/或摄影机的各种操作。这样的图标或文字可以表明闪光灯设定、视频或静止选择、背面或正面摄影机选择等等。围绕“A”、“B”和“C”的正方形边框仅仅是说明性的,并且在某些情况下可以具有不同的形状或者被完全去除。应当提到的是,仅仅示出三个图标的情况不意图作出限制,并且在摄影机的图像采集期间或之前以及/或者在所采集图像的显示期间可以显示并且/或者可选择更多或更少的图标。在如图2A中的双孔径摄影机的一个实施例中,棱镜的“零”位置提供在图9A中看到的复合图像,其中框架932在屏幕上居中。
在各个实施例中并且如在PCT/IB2016/056060中更加详细地描述的那样,智能电话900可以具有包括单摄影机图标(或“按钮”)908和“双摄影机”按钮910的用户界面。当场景的FOV(FOVscene)大于或等于FOVT时,双摄影机按钮可以出现在屏幕上。正如在PCT/IB2016/056060中详细描述的那样,用户界面通过视觉方式显示几乎确切的FOVT,并且允许简单地采集FOVT内的图像,从而提供长焦摄影机所允许的具有最高分辨率的长焦图像。用户界面还允许同时采集(通过用户界面的单次输入,也就是说使用双摄影机按钮910)广角图像和长焦图像。广角和长焦图像或视频流的图像融合可以在捕获设备上或者在云端环境中发生。
本发明的发明人已经确定,前面所描述的用户界面可以有利地被用来在屏幕902上“拖曳”框架932,以便把屏幕的不同部分带到FOVT中。也就是说,框架932的拖曳被转换成“折叠”路径棱镜的旋转,从而使得更高分辨率长焦图像“移动”到场景的不同部分。可以通过用手指920有力地触摸屏幕并且在屏幕上移动手指来实施所述拖曳。在图9A中,手指在“零”位置(居中)框架932的总体区域中触摸屏幕。手指可以把框架(和FOVT)拖曳到如图9B中的“下方”位置,拖曳到如图9C中的“上方”位置,或者拖曳到下方与上方位置之间的任何中间位置(未示出)。触摸和拖曳动作被中继到摄影机控制器(未示出),摄影机控制器又控制棱镜移动。把框架932拖曳到图9B中的下方位置由箭头934示意性地表明,并且等效于棱镜旋转到其在图4A中的位置。把框架932拖曳到图9C中的上方位置等效于棱镜旋转到其在图5A中的位置。类似地,对于具有如图6A-8A中的旋转90度的广角传感器的双孔径摄影机,可以把框架932’(现在也相对于图9A-9C中的框架932被旋转90度)从零位置拖曳到如图9D中的“右侧”位置或者如图9E中的“左侧”位置。把框架932’拖曳到图9D中的右侧位置等效于棱镜旋转到其在图7A中的位置。把框架932’拖曳到图9E中的上方位置等效于棱镜旋转到其在图8A中的位置。
正如在PCT/IB2016/056060中详细地描述的那样,在图像采集方面,用户可以按下双摄影机按钮910以便同时采集两幅图像,也就是其对应的(较低)图像分辨率下的场景106的广角图像以及其对应的(更高)图像分辨率下的区段(框架)932(或932’)的长焦图像。所述两幅图像可以被存储在机载存储装置上(比如iPhone中的“camera roll(相册)”),并且可以被显示或下载以供进一步使用,正如本领域内已知的那样。用户可以按下单摄影机按钮908以便仅采集广角图像,所述广角图像可以进一步被存储、显示和下载以供进一步使用。用户可以选择在屏幕902上仅显示广角图像,这例如是通过两次敲击或者按下屏幕上的框架932(932’)内的任一点。这一动作导致在整个屏幕上显示广角图像。随后可以通过按下单摄影机按钮908选择采集(仅有)长焦图像。与前面一样,所采集的长焦图像随后可以被存储、显示和下载以供进一步使用。所述两幅图像还可以(在摄影机寄主设备上或者在云端中)被融合成复合图像,其中具有由通过更高分辨率长焦图像形成的框架932或932’标记出的部分,并且具有由相对较低分辨率的广角图像的外围部分形成的外围部分。
显而易见的是,框架932’(和长焦FOV)可以被拖曳到右侧与左侧位置之间的任何中间位置(未示出)。换句话说,长焦FOV可以在屏幕上被横向移动到若干部分地重叠或不重叠(但是接触)的位置,从最右侧位置(在右侧屏幕边缘940)到最左侧位置(在左侧屏幕边缘942)或者反之亦然,并且可以从各幅部分地重叠或不重叠的长焦图像一起“缝合”出场景的整个图像。举例来说,如图10中所示,长焦与广角FOV的比例M可以使得屏幕902包括四个邻近的框架932’a-d并且基本上由其覆盖。应当提到的是,屏幕可以包括比基本上填满整个屏幕所需的数目更少的邻近框架。举例来说,在一个实施例中,可以仅有两个或三个邻近框架(而不是所示出的四个)。随后可以使用可选的“扫描”图标或按钮1002从屏幕上的最右侧位置(也就是说从框架932’a)自动扫描(也就是说移动FOVT框架)到最左侧位置(也就是说扫描到框架932’d)或者反之亦然。或者,可以通过语音控制给出“扫描”命令。扫描功能类似于拖曳动作提供部分地重叠或不重叠的长焦图像,所述长焦图像可以被一起缝合成整个场景的高分辨率长焦图像。不管是通过图标1002还是通过语音方式,扫描命令还可以导致采集由框架932’定义的每一幅长焦图像并且导致其存储以供进一步处理。可以在扫描功能期间捕获广角图像,从而允许进一步处理,所述进一步处理可以包括广角图像与各种长焦图像(或者缝合长焦图像)的图像融合,以便形成具有大于FOVT的FOV的高分辨率图像。
应当提到的是,棱镜旋转从而还有智能电话(或者任何其他寄主设备)屏幕上的FOVT相对于FOVW的移动的方向取决于寄主设备中的双孔径摄影机的组装的几何结构。前面的描述涉及这样一种特定的几何结构。在不同的几何结构中,棱镜旋转方向和所导致的FOVT移动可以处在与前面描述的方向相反的方向上。
前面所公开的设备、用户界面和相关联的方法可以被用于长焦FOV的自动移动或“自动调节”,以便例如通过自主方式跟踪主体。我们把实施自动长焦FOV移动以便跟踪感兴趣的对象或主体的摄影机模式称作“自主长焦FOV跟踪”。自主长焦FOV移动是响应于辨识出(例如通过智能电话摄影机)感兴趣的对象或主体,并且长焦图像聚焦并显示感兴趣的对象或主体。可以使用本领域内已知的任何方法来实施对象辨识。在图11A-11C中示出了自主长焦FOV跟踪的一个实例。
图11A示出了合并有双孔径摄影机的智能电话和用户界面,其中本文中所公开的自动长焦FOV跟踪具有智能电话屏幕上的第一长焦FOV位置。图11B示出了图11A的智能电话和用户界面并且具有智能电话屏幕上的第二长焦FOV位置。图11C示出了图11A的智能电话和用户界面并且具有智能电话屏幕上的第三长焦FOV位置。在这些附图当中的每一幅中,感兴趣的对象是跑步者1102。针对跟踪跑步者的决定由用户作出(例如通过触摸跑步者的图像)或者自动作出(例如使用面部检测)。假设长焦摄影机可以通过倾斜棱镜来改变其FOV以便跟踪感兴趣的对象。在理想情况下,摄影机将跟踪对象从而使其尽可能靠近可调节长焦FOV的中心,正如在1032a、1032b和1032c中所看到的那样。
虽然图11A-11C中示出的智能电话显示出图标908、910和1002,但是在长焦FOV跟踪模式下的操作期间,一个或多个其他图标(未示出)可以取代并且/或者作为针对图标908、910和1002的捕获或替换而被使用。
可以在自动跟踪模式期间记录广角和长焦图像和/或视频流,并且融合在一起从而形成复合图像或复合视频流。可以在摄影机托管设备上应用这一融合,或者可以把广角和长焦图像或视频流上传到云端以便应用这一融合操作。还可以通过以下步骤利用FOVW形成每一幅复合图像:利用长焦摄影机进行扫描,缝合多幅长焦图像以提供“缝合”长焦图像,随后把缝合长焦图像与广角图像融合。这是有利的是在于,广角图像同时捕获整个屏幕,将要缝合在一起的广角图像则是相继的,因此如果需要的话可以克服场景中的运动或遮挡。广角图像的缝合以及/或者缝合长焦图像与广角图像的融合还可以在云端中实施。
虽然在特定的实施例和通常相关联的方法方面描述了本公开内容,但是本领域技术人员将认识到所述实施例和方法的改动和排列。本公开内容应当被理解成不受限于本文中所描述的特定实施例,而是仅由所附权利要求限制。
Claims (23)
1.一种利用双孔径摄影机获得高分辨率图像的方法,该双孔径摄影机包括提供具有广角分辨率和广角视场FOVW的广角图像的广角摄影机,以及提供具有高于广角分辨率的长焦分辨率和具有小于广角视场的长焦视场FOVT的多个长焦图像的折叠式长焦摄影机,所述方法包括:
a)在广角视场FOVW范围内的第一位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得第一长焦图像;
b)实施FOVT相对于FOVW的移动,从而在广角视场FOVW范围内的第二位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得第二长焦图像;
c)将广角图像、第一长焦图像和第二长焦图像进行融合,以获得融合图像。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第二长焦图像与所述第一长焦图像部分地重叠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第二长焦图像与所述第一长焦图像并不重叠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述移动是通过手动地实施。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述移动是通过自动地实施。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过在屏幕上可视的显示和定义长焦视场FOVT的相应框架,在双孔径摄影机的屏幕上标识第一和第二长焦图像中的每一个。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在广角视场FOVW范围内的第二位置以长焦视场FOVT获得第二长焦图像之前,在包括第一位置的广角视场FOVW范围内检测感兴趣区域。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中第一和第二长焦图像被缝合并且与广角图像融合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中实施FOVT相对于FOVW的移动包括:实施FOVT相对于FOVW的移动,从而在广角视场FOVW范围内的相应附加位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得多个附加长焦图像。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中至少部分所述第一长焦图像与所述附加长焦图像彼此部分地重叠。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中至少部分所述第一长焦图像与所述附加长焦图像彼此并不重叠。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述移动是通过手动地实施。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述移动是通过自动地实施。
14.一种双孔径摄影机,包括:
a)提供具有广角分辨率和广角视场FOVW的广角图像的广角摄影机;
b)提供具有高于广角分辨率的长焦分辨率和具有小于广角视场的长焦视场FOVT的多个长焦图像的折叠式长焦摄影机,
所述双孔径摄影机设置成在广角视场FOVW范围内的相应第一位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得第一长焦图像,FOVT相对于FOVW移动,从而在广角视场FOVW范围内的第二位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得第二长焦图像,以及将广角图像、第一长焦图像和第二长焦图像融合成融合图像。
15.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中所述第二长焦图像与所述第一长焦图像部分地重叠。
16.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中所述第二长焦图像与所述第一长焦图像并不重叠。
17.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中所述双孔径摄影机设置成手动地实施将FOVT相对于FOVW的移动。
18.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中所述双孔径摄影机设置成自动地实施将FOVT相对于FOVW的移动。
19.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中通过在屏幕上可视的显示和定义第一、第二长焦视场的相应框架,在双孔径摄影机的屏幕上标识第一和第二长焦图像中的每一个。
20.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中第一和第二长焦图像被缝合并且与广角图像融合。
21.根据权利要求14所述的双孔径摄影机,其中所述双孔径摄影机进一步设置成实施FOVT相对于FOVW的移动,从而在广角视场FOVW范围内的相应附加位置,以长焦视场FOVT获得多个附加长焦图像。
22.根据权利要求21所述的双孔径摄影机,其中至少部分所述第一长焦图像与所述附加长焦图像彼此部分地重叠。
23.根据权利要求21所述的双孔径摄影机,其中至少部分所述第一长焦图像与所述附加长焦图像彼此并不重叠。
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