CN105493874A - High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse cucumbers - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN105493874A CN105493874A CN201610027914.6A CN201610027914A CN105493874A CN 105493874 A CN105493874 A CN 105493874A CN 201610027914 A CN201610027914 A CN 201610027914A CN 105493874 A CN105493874 A CN 105493874A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for greenhouse cucumbers. The high-yield cultivation method includes the steps of seed selecting, seedling growing, seedling grafting, transplanting, planting, plant disease and insect pest preventing and curing, harvesting and the like. According to the high-yield cultivation method, the harvested cucumbers appear in the market at the end of March; compared with spring greenhouse cucumbers produced through a normal facility, the harvesting time is advanced by 25-30 d, the yield is increased by 30% or above, and the precocity aim, the high yield aim and the efficient aim are really achieved.
Description
Technical field
The agricultural product technical field of cultivation that the invention belongs to, specifically relates to a kind of high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber.
Background technology
Cucumber, is also green cucumber, perverse melon, Curcurbitaceae annual herb plant.Cucumber cultivation is with a long history, bright Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) " this
Grass detailed outline " the 28th volume " dish portion three cucumber " year: " Zhang Qian makes the Western Regions plant, therefore named cucumber. " plantation extensively, is worldwide vegetables.Stem is elongated, and tool indulges rib, and by short bristle, tendril is branch not.Peponidium, long and narrow circle or cylindrical.Flower, the fruit phase 5-9 month.When cucumber is tender, color is dark green, and therefore some areas are also known as green cucumber, can yellowing after elder.Cucumber plant is tender, and stem drapes over one's shoulders hair and succulence, leaf by fine hair, tool 3-5 piece sliver; Raw paniculate tendril on stem, edge frame climbing by this.
In traditional planting technology, Cucumber in Greenhouse in Spring due to plant lack of standardization, vegetative period is long, generally needs could gather at the beginning of 5 months listing, and now can only undersell in the market of farm produce, do not reach economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber, from seed selection, control epidemic disaster, fertilising bagging all adopts nuisanceless planting technology cucumber to the extermination of disease and insect pest, solves green cucumber in the past lack of standardization, crop cycle is long, and listing is slow, the problem yielded poorly.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A high-yield cultivating method for plastic tent cucumber, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection nursery
1. choose seeds: stock variety selects No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line, and scion variety selects cold elegant 3-6.
2. build seedling bed: selection of land gesture is dry, ventilate, well-drainedly contamination-freely build seedling bed, builds wide 1.2-1.5 rice, long 5-6 rice, furrow face is than the seedbed on ground or low 18-22 centimetre of the furrow ridge, and described seedling bed is be located in the greenhouse by solar heat of Heating system.
3. nursery: the nutritive cube selecting 50 hole dishes or 8cm × 8cm, seedbed is sprayed with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid before sowing, and nutritive cube or seedling dish are watered vola water, adopt every cubic metre of seedling nutritious soil sabot adding 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g, after people's tool disk, press cave, seed is broadcast in cave, every bunch planting one, broadcasts rear remaining seedling nutritious soil and covers seed, water in time after covering, button mulch film, plays Small plastic shed;
(2) graft seedling growth
1. grafting method
Stock No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line, the cold elegant 3-6 of scion, stock, scion seedling 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid are sprayed before grafting, spray vola, the furrow face water of Small plastic shed, guarantee canopy humidity, stock shifts to an earlier date sowing in 2-3 days, when stock one leaf wholeheartedly, grafting when lobus cardiacus has just been exposed in scion, the method for grafting is amplexiformed, after grafting completes, grafting is put into Small plastic shed, carries out foliage spray with 50% carbendazim of 800 times or 75% tpn liquid.
2. the management after grafting
Add a cover sunshade net in 1-3 days after grafting to shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, require: the temperature 25-30 DEG C on daytime in seedbed, nocturnal temperature 18-20 DEG C, air humidity remains on more than 90%; After 3 days, little reduction humidity of leaking informaton, extends the ventilation time of grafting later gradually, and stronger ventilation amount gradually, do not occur to wilt as standard with cucumber seedling; 4th day starts, every day early, accept the illumination of short time evening, between extending gradually subsequently when seeing light, surviving with grafting, wants discontinuity to see light noon, removes sunshade net when not wilting after being fond of light, after 10 days, wound healing enters the normal management stage, removes Grafting clip, stock lateral bud of erasing;
(3) transplant planting:
Bedding 1. wholely
Trench digging beats clean booth indoor foreign material soil deep tillage before furrow, the bactericidal agents such as tpn are adopted to carry out vexed canopy process, by frame, canopy film, the surperficial disinfection such as support, first soil surface is sprinkling upon by unrestrained for 2/3rds base fertilizer after the sterilization of canopy room, described base fertilizer is every mu and applies abundant fermentation poultry dung 22 cubes, 2000 kilograms of maize straws pulverized, two ammoniums 60 kilograms, 25 kilograms, potash fertilizer, sesame oil cake double centner, after rotary tillage one time, again the base fertilizer of residue 1/3rd is applied in field planting ditch, then ridging does little high furrow covering with plastic film, Small plastic shed, cover cotton-wadded quilt, horticultural covering film, two road curtains are hung under horticultural covering film, finally before field planting, 1 extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out to transplanting stock.
2. field planting in good time
Fine day field planting is selected when grafting grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, 5-7 days before field planting, add forced ventilation and reduce temperature, fine day field planting can be selected when seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, by seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land put in order, every furrow carry out duplicate rows plantation, plantation density: every mu of 2800-3200 strain is advisable, the grafting knife-edge positions of grafting higher than furrow face, need water after field planting and covers Small plastic shed in time.
3. the management after field planting
A, Plant adjustment
As the cucumber melon climing 25cm-30cm of growing to, hanging wire hangs seedling; Fall when melon seedling grows to 1.2m-1.5m seedling, described in the seedling that falls be specially and be coiled in root in the direction of the clock climing for the seedling fallen, extract tendril, sick leaf, Lao Ye, functional leaf controls between 14-16 sheet simultaneously; Along with the growth of plant, need repeatedly fall climing, described in fall the special Trailing plant clip of climing employing cucumber, every strain two, tie up climing while, male flower and lateral bine to be extractd conveniently, keep melon seedling height at 1.2m-1.6m; Later growth, needs to extract the withered and yellow Lao Ye in the climing bottom of melon, sick dead leaf, too much male flower and tendril in time.
The management of b, epidemic disaster
After spring booth Grafted Cucumber Seedling field planting, low temperature is still low, and need vexed canopy immediately, will water as required to the melon seedling after field planting, leak informaton after watering hydrofuge in time, temperature adjustment, requires: daytime preference temperature 30-32 DEG C, night preference temperature 15-18 DEG C, humid control is more than 90%; Should keep day temperature 24-28 DEG C in canopy, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C after slow seedling, humidity is 55%-80%, according to the needs of cucumber growth, and the epidemic disaster in time in adjustment canopy.
C, management in flowering stage
At the cucumber added rear knot melon initial stage, should rich water quality management be strengthened, can, according to melon seedling growing way, determine to stay sugar-preserved gourd number, generally be advisable with every strain 3-4 bar melon, remove lopsided melon, male flower and tendril in time.
D, bagging manage
When cuke grows to 4-6 cm, put microscler tubular plastic sack to cucumber, sack one end is provided with running-on, and the other end arranges air-vent.
E, rich water quality management
Cucumber all uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing in whole vegetative period, water foot low water early stage, little water is watered once after root melon is sat, and combination is watered, impose high potassium punching fertilising 10 kilograms every mu, after root melon is gathered, knot melon often waters 1 water for 7-10 days early stage, knot melon is contained phase 5-6 days and is watered 1 water, do not water plain boiled water, water water-band is fertile, execute high potassium punching fertilising 10-15 kilogram for every mu at every turn, the knot melon phase of containing will keep ground moistening, water and should carry out before adopting melon, cloudy day or temperature high before midday after should not water, high temperature season waters and should carry out between the lights, from 4th month, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be imposed and carry out foliar application.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
When field planting, every strain uses the root sustained-release pesticides of a slice, enters the control of knot melon phase every 7-10 days with medicament once, and described alternatively administered is 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome aqua 600 times of liquid, or 64% Sandofan wetting powder, 500 times of liquid, and two kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly; Fly net is set in canopy, hangs the yellow plate being coated with butter;
(5) gather in the crops
Accomplish timely harvesting, cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packaging, transport, storage want clean, health, pollution-free.
Preferably: the Heating system described in step (1)-is 2. specially and adds ground hot line and temperature controller in booth.
Preferably: after the fertilizer described in step (3)-is 1. specially and the corn straw smashing on two mu of ground is mixed the chicken manure of 20 sides, high temperature (actual temp) fermentation forms.
Preferably: step (3)-1. described grafting method that amplexiforms is specially: cut sth. askew by stock cotyledon 45 °, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, then 1.5cm place under scion growing point is cut sth. askew 45 ° equally, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, stock scion is fixed with Grafting clip, puts into cut-and-dried Small plastic shed, covered with sunshade net, humidity remains on more than 95%, sees that light is breathed freely after three days gradually, removes Grafting clip access normal management after one week.
Preferably: the needs according to cucumber growth of step (3)-3. described in-b, one of method of the humidity in time in adjustment canopy is specially: in canopy, establish greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting machine.
Preferably: the rich water quality management of-d of step (3)-3. also comprises and carries out carbonic acid gas early spring and supplement fertilising, and described carbonic acid gas supplements fertilising and comprises two kinds of modes, and one is hanging bag type, every mu of use 20 bags, can maintain 30-38 days at every turn at every turn; Another kind is that carbon dioxide particle is fertile, and every mu of use 5 bags is sprinkling upon earth's surface at every turn, and each time maintained is 13-16 days.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber of the present invention, because adopt the heat preservation technology that multilayer covers, improve temperature of shed, comparable general spring plastic tent cucumber shifts to an earlier date field planting in 15 days, simultaneously from seed selection, control epidemic disaster, non-harmful planting technology cucumber is all adopted in fertilising bagging, the extermination of disease and insect pest to the whole cultivation of gathering, the cucumber gathered in the crops starts to go on the market by the end of March, the spring plastic tent cucumber harvest in advance 25-30 days of more usual furnished equipments, output amplification is more than 30%, really reaches precocious, highly efficient and productive object.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
A high-yield cultivating method for plastic tent cucumber, specifically comprises following content:
(1) seed selection nursery
1. choose seeds: select disease-resistant, high yield, quality better the cucumber variety of suitable greenhouse cultivation: stock variety selects No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line; scion variety selects cold elegant 3-6; wherein the bright anvil of anti-line No. a kind is for being a new seed selection cucumber special stock superior hybrid generation; this kind well developed root system; in anti-root-knot nematode, there is stronger resistance and anti obstacle to continuous cropping ability, be suitable for autumn and winter and early spring Protectorate cultivation; after applying this kind, comparatively use the blue or green elegant stock effect of increasing production of Japan more than 15%.Its syncope due to pathogenic cold show 3-6 is first cross, and low temperature resistant, with the obvious advantage, growing way binds by force, not, and based on main climing knot melon, plant type is compact, and leaf amount is medium, and prematurity is good, and sugar-preserved gourd is straight, long 35-45 centimetre; Short, sting close, meat is thick, the chambers of the heart is little, bottle green, glossy, quality is splendid; Premature senescence resistance, high downy mildew resistance, fusarium wilt, angular leaf spot, target spot, be suitable for surviving the winter greenhouse and early spring greenhouse cultivation, No. 1, the bright anvil of the anti-line of kind and the kind elegant 3-6 that trembles with fear is commercial.
2. seedling bed is built: selection of land gesture is dry, ventilate, well-drainedly contamination-freely build seedling bed, build wide 1.2-1.5 rice, long 5-6 rice, furrow face is than the seedbed on ground or low 18-22 centimetre of the furrow ridge, and described seedling bed is be located in the greenhouse by solar heat of ground hot line and temperature controller Heating system, this setting can ensure neat and consistent of emerging, and is convenient to management and controls.
3. nursery: the nutritive cube selecting 50 hole dishes or 8cm × 8cm, spray seedbed with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid before sowing, to seedbed disinfection, and nutritive cube or seedling dish are watered vola water, adopt every cubic metre of seedling nutritious soil sabot adding 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g, press cave after people's tool disk, seed is broadcast in cave, every bunch planting one, broadcast rear remaining seedling nutritious soil and cover seed, water in time after covering, button mulch film, plays Small plastic shed;
(2) graft seedling growth
1. grafting method
Stock No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line, the cold elegant 3-6 of scion, by stock before grafting, scion seedling 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid spray, spray vola, the furrow face water of Small plastic shed, ensure canopy humidity, stock shifts to an earlier date sowing in 2-3 days, when stock one leaf wholeheartedly, grafting when lobus cardiacus has just been exposed in scion, the method of grafting is amplexiformed, at present, grafting green cucumber mainly adopts pith-cambium grafting method, pith-cambium grafting method possesses skills simple to operate, grafting speed is fast, survival rate advantages of higher, the pith-cambium grafting method that the present invention adopts is specially: cut sth. askew by stock cotyledon 45 °, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, then 1.5cm place under scion growing point is cut sth. askew 45 ° equally, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, with Grafting clip, stock scion is fixed, put into cut-and-dried Small plastic shed, covered with sunshade net, humidity remains on more than 95%, see after three days that light is breathed freely gradually, Grafting clip access normal management is removed after one week, the application of graft technology effectively can prevent the generation of soil-borne disease, utilize stock well developed root system, water suction is inhaled fertile and anti-seismic design is strong, powerful root system can meet Long term cultivation plant nutrition demand, thus arrive high yield.After grafting completes, grafting is put into Small plastic shed, carry out foliage spray with 50% carbendazim of 800 times or 75% tpn liquid.
2. the management after grafting
Grafting green cucumber seedling survives from grafting to grafting, the general time needing about 10 days, and must shelter from heat or light and carries out strict control temperature, humidity, ensure the survival rate of grafting melon seedling during this section.Add a cover sunshade net in 1-3 days after grafting to shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, require: the temperature 25-30 DEG C on daytime in seedbed, nocturnal temperature 18-20 DEG C, air humidity remains on more than 90%; After 3 days, little reduction humidity of leaking informaton, extends the ventilation time of grafting later gradually, and stronger ventilation amount gradually, do not occur to wilt as standard with cucumber seedling; 4th day starts, every day early, accept the illumination of short time evening, between extending gradually subsequently when seeing light, surviving with grafting, wants discontinuity to see light noon, removes sunshade net when not wilting after being fond of light, after 10 days, wound healing enters the normal management stage, removes Grafting clip, stock lateral bud of erasing;
(3) transplant planting:
Bedding 1. wholely
Trench digging beats clean booth indoor foreign material soil deep tillage before furrow, the bactericidal agents such as tpn are adopted to carry out vexed canopy process, by frame, canopy film, the surperficial disinfection such as support, first soil surface is sprinkling upon by unrestrained for 2/3rds base fertilizer after the sterilization of canopy room, every mu of base fertilizer used is: the fertilizer corn straw smashing of 2000 kilograms being mixed gained after high temperature (actual temp) fermentation after the chicken manure of 22 cubes, two ammoniums 60 kilograms, 25 kilograms, potash fertilizer, sesame oil cake double centner, after rotary tillage one time, again the base fertilizer of residue 1/3rd is applied in field planting ditch, then ridging does little high furrow covering with plastic film, Small plastic shed, cover cotton-wadded quilt, horticultural covering film, two road curtains are hung under horticultural covering film, and little high furrow require that overlay film is level and smooth, in case grow weeds, this is provided with and is beneficial to raising ground temperature, reduce air humidity, add the gas permeability of soil, soil organic matter content is increased, reach diseases prevention, improve the effect of finished product melon quality, finally before field planting, an extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out to transplanting stock.
2. field planting in good time
Fine day field planting is selected when grafting grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, 5-7 days before field planting, add forced ventilation reduction temperature and carry out hardening, make the stocky stalwartness of young plant, to adapt to the field conditions after field planting, fine day field planting can be selected when seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, by seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land put in order, every furrow carry out duplicate rows plantation, plantation density: every mu of 2800-3200 strain is advisable, the grafting knife-edge positions of grafting need higher than furrow face, cure the disease in case interface contact ground surface soil receives dip-dye, water in time after field planting, but the water yield is not excessive, in order to avoid ground temperature declines, the slow seedling of impact, and Small plastic shed should be covered in time, improve temperature.
3. the management after field planting
A, Plant adjustment
As the cucumber melon climing 25cm-30cm of growing to, hanging wire hangs seedling, fall when melon seedling grows to 1.2m-1.5m seedling, to improve solar thermal utilization rate, described in the seedling that falls be specially and be coiled in root in the direction of the clock climing for the seedling fallen, extract tendril, sick leaf, Lao Ye, functional leaf controls between 14-16 sheet simultaneously, along with the growth of plant, need repeatedly fall climing, falling the climing time should in the afternoon of fine day, because afternoon, the climing water content of stem of cucumber was low, cucumber seedling now should not be fractureed, in order to alleviate the labour intensity of peasant, a climing difficult problem and solution cucumber production process declines, the present invention uses the special Trailing plant clip of cucumber to instead of cucumber to tie up climing and around climing, the special Trailing plant clip of cucumber is easy to operate, cost is low, reusable 3 years, facilitation is played to raising cucumber yield, during use, every strain two, tie up climing while, male flower and lateral bine to be extractd conveniently, master has been grown climing with concentrated nutrient, promote knot melon, keep melon seedling height at 1.2m-1.6m, Later growth, needs to extract the withered and yellow Lao Ye in the climing bottom of melon, sick dead leaf, too much male flower and tendril in time, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, reduces the consumption of nutrient.
The management of b, epidemic disaster
After spring booth Grafted Cucumber Seedling field planting, low temperature is still low, for delaying seedling as early as possible, needs vexed canopy immediately, will water as required to the melon seedling after field planting, leak informaton after watering hydrofuge in time, temperature adjustment, require: daytime preference temperature 30-32 DEG C, night preference temperature 15-18 DEG C, humid control is more than 90%, day temperature 24-28 DEG C in canopy should be kept after slow seedling, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C, humidity is 55%-80%, according to the needs of cucumber growth, temperature in timely adjustment canopy, humidity, in this stage, according to the needs of cucumber growth, one of method of humidity in timely adjustment canopy for establishing greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting machine (commercial) in canopy, greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting machine can purify greenhouse air and effectively remove fog, reduce canopy room humidity, this equipment reaches the effect of growth-promoting diseases prevention by space electric field effect, effectively prevent gas disease simultaneously, suppress soil-borne disease around root system, and the ability of vegetables tolerance successive cloudy days can be improved, reduce Pesticide use amount.
C, management in flowering stage
At the cucumber added rear knot melon initial stage, should rich water quality management be strengthened, can, according to melon seedling growing way, determine to stay sugar-preserved gourd number, generally be advisable with every strain 3-4 bar melon, remove lopsided melon, male flower and tendril in time.
D, bagging manage
When cuke grows to 4-6 cm, put microscler tubular plastic sack to cucumber, sack one end is provided with running-on, and the other end arranges air-vent, and this plastic bag is commercial.Benefit after cucumber bag: non agricultural chemical residuum, and directly prevent insect from biting or virus contamination, reach the target of green non-pollution cucumber production; Sugar-preserved gourd is thick directly attractive in appearance, and even thickness is consistent, and color and luster is unanimously light green, and commodity is good, and lopsided melon obviously declines, and growth rate is accelerated, and can shift to an earlier date listing in 1-2 days than the cucumber of not bagging; Grow up to rear cucumber bag taking can eat raw, sample rather good, fresh delicious and crisp is tender, nutritious, and after bagging, in bag, temperature is high, high humidity, and the inside often has water to exist, therefore long fresh-keeping period, resistance to transport; Inner wrapping listing is done into together with bag when cucumber reaches listing criteria, survivable, directly can be sent to restaurant or supermarket and sell.
E, rich water quality management
Cucumber all uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing in whole vegetative period, water foot low water early stage, little water is watered once after root melon is sat, and combination is watered, impose high potassium punching fertilising 10 kilograms every mu, after root melon is gathered, knot melon often waters a water for 7-10 days early stage, knot melon is contained phase 5-6 days and is watered a water, do not water plain boiled water, water water-band is fertile, execute high potassium punching fertilising 10-15 kilogram for every mu at every turn, the knot melon phase of containing will keep ground moistening, water and should carry out before adopting melon, cloudy day or temperature high before midday after should not water, high temperature season waters and should carry out between the lights, from 4th month, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be imposed and carry out foliar application, in order to improve the output of cucumber, tackle yellow rice shoot early spring and carry out the supplementary fertilising of carbonic acid gas, carbonic acid gas supplements fertilising and comprises two kinds of modes, one is hanging bag type, every mu of use 20 bags at every turn, 30-38 days can be maintained at every turn, another kind is that carbon dioxide particle is fertile, every mu of use 5 bags is sprinkling upon earth's surface at every turn, the time of each maintenance is 13-16 days, above two kinds of method economy, easy, successful, after enriching carbon dioxide fertilizer, the photosynthetic rate of plant improves along with the increase of gas concentration lwevel, not only be conducive to improving output, and synergy is obvious, volume increase can to more than 20%.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
When field planting, every strain uses the root sustained-release pesticides of a slice, enters the control of knot melon phase every 7-10 days with medicament once, and described alternatively administered is 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome aqua 600 times of liquid, or 64% Sandofan wetting powder, 500 times of liquid, and two kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly; Fly net is set in canopy, hangs the yellow plate being coated with butter;
(5) gather in the crops
Accomplish timely harvesting, cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packaging, transport, storage want clean, health, pollution-free.
The high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber of the present invention, adopt the heat preservation technology that multilayer covers, improve temperature of shed, comparable general spring plastic tent cucumber shifts to an earlier date field planting in 15 days, simultaneously from seed selection, control epidemic disaster, non-harmful planting technology cucumber is all adopted in fertilising bagging, the extermination of disease and insect pest to the whole cultivation of gathering, the cucumber gathered in the crops starts to go on the market by the end of March, the spring plastic tent cucumber harvest in advance 25-30 days of more usual furnished equipments, per mu yield can reach 16000 kilograms, and output amplification is more than 30%, really reaches precocious, highly efficient and productive object.
What finally illustrate is, above preferred embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for plastic tent cucumber, is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) seed selection nursery
1. choose seeds: stock variety selects No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line, and scion variety selects cold elegant 3-6.
2. build seedling bed: selection of land gesture is dry, ventilate, well-drainedly contamination-freely build seedling bed, builds wide 1.2-1.5 rice, long 5-6 rice, furrow face is than the seedbed on ground or low 18-22 centimetre of the furrow ridge, and described seedling bed is be located in the greenhouse by solar heat of Heating system.
3. nursery: the nutritive cube selecting 50 hole dishes or 8cm × 8cm, seedbed is sprayed with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid before sowing, and nutritive cube or seedling dish are watered vola water, adopt every cubic metre of seedling nutritious soil sabot adding 50% carbendazol wettable powder 100g, after people's tool disk, press cave, seed is broadcast in cave, every bunch planting one, broadcasts rear remaining seedling nutritious soil and covers seed, water in time after covering, button mulch film, plays Small plastic shed;
(2) graft seedling growth
1. grafting method
Stock No. 1, the bright anvil of anti-line, the cold elegant 3-6 of scion, stock and fringe seedling 75% tpn wetting powder, 800 times of liquid are sprayed before grafting, spray vola, the furrow face water of Small plastic shed, guarantee canopy humidity, stock shifts to an earlier date sowing in 2-3 days, when stock one leaf wholeheartedly, grafting when lobus cardiacus has just been exposed in scion, the method for grafting is amplexiformed, after grafting completes, grafting is put into Small plastic shed, carries out foliage spray with 50% carbendazim of 800 times or 75% tpn liquid.
2. the management after grafting
Add a cover sunshade net in 1-3 days after grafting to shelter from heat or light, control temperature of shed and humidity, require: the temperature 25-30 DEG C on daytime in seedbed, nocturnal temperature 18-20 DEG C, air humidity remains on more than 90%; After 3 days, little reduction humidity of leaking informaton, extends the ventilation time of grafting later gradually, and stronger ventilation amount gradually, do not occur to wilt as standard with cucumber seedling; 4th day starts, every day early, accept the illumination of short time evening, between extending gradually subsequently when seeing light, surviving with grafting, wants discontinuity to see light noon, removes sunshade net when not wilting after being fond of light, after 10 days, wound healing enters the normal management stage, removes Grafting clip, stock lateral bud of erasing;
(3) transplant planting:
Bedding 1. wholely
Trench digging beats clean booth indoor foreign material soil deep tillage before furrow, the bactericidal agents such as tpn are adopted to carry out vexed canopy process, by frame, canopy film, the surperficial disinfection such as support, first soil surface is sprinkling upon by unrestrained for 2/3rds base fertilizer after the sterilization of canopy room, described base fertilizer is every mu and applies abundant fermentation poultry dung 22 cubes, 2000 kilograms of maize straws pulverized, two ammoniums 60 kilograms, 25 kilograms, potash fertilizer, sesame oil cake double centner, after rotary tillage one time, again the base fertilizer of residue 1/3rd is applied in field planting ditch, then ridging does little high furrow covering with plastic film, Small plastic shed, cover cotton-wadded quilt, horticultural covering film, two road curtains are hung under horticultural covering film, finally before field planting, an extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out to transplanting stock.
2. field planting in good time
Fine day field planting is selected when grafting grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, 5-7 days before field planting, add forced ventilation and reduce temperature, fine day field planting can be selected when seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, by seedling replanting field planting in the above-mentioned plot of land put in order, every furrow carry out duplicate rows plantation, plantation density: every mu of 2800-3200 strain is advisable, the grafting knife-edge positions of grafting higher than furrow face, need water after field planting and covers Small plastic shed in time.
3. the management after field planting
A, Plant adjustment
As the cucumber melon climing 25cm-30cm of growing to, hanging wire hangs seedling; Fall when melon seedling grows to 1.2m-1.5m seedling, described in the seedling that falls be specially and be coiled in root in the direction of the clock climing for the seedling fallen, extract tendril, sick leaf, Lao Ye, functional leaf controls between 14-16 sheet simultaneously; Along with the growth of plant, need repeatedly fall climing, described in fall the special Trailing plant clip of climing employing cucumber, every strain two, tie up climing while, male flower and lateral bine to be extractd conveniently, keep melon seedling height at 1.2m-1.6m; Later growth, needs to extract the withered and yellow Lao Ye in the climing bottom of melon, sick dead leaf, too much male flower and tendril in time.
The management of b, epidemic disaster
After spring booth Grafted Cucumber Seedling field planting, low temperature is still low, and need vexed canopy immediately, will water as required to the melon seedling after field planting, leak informaton after watering hydrofuge in time, temperature adjustment, requires: daytime preference temperature 30-32 DEG C, night preference temperature 15-18 DEG C, humid control is more than 90%; Should keep day temperature 24-28 DEG C in canopy, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C after slow seedling, humidity is 55%-80%, according to the needs of cucumber growth, and the epidemic disaster in time in adjustment canopy.
C, management in flowering stage
At the cucumber added rear knot melon initial stage, should rich water quality management be strengthened, can, according to melon seedling growing way, determine to stay sugar-preserved gourd number, generally be advisable with every strain 3-4 bar melon, remove lopsided melon, male flower and tendril in time.
D, bagging manage
When cuke grows to 4-6 cm, put microscler tubular plastic sack to cucumber, sack one end is provided with running-on, and the other end arranges air-vent.
E, rich water quality management
Cucumber all uses under-film drip irrigation to carry out watering topdressing in whole vegetative period, water foot low water early stage, little water is watered once after root melon is sat, and combination is watered, impose high potassium punching fertilising 10 kilograms every mu, after root melon is gathered, knot melon often waters 1 water for 7-10 days early stage, knot melon is contained phase 5-6 days and is watered 1 water, do not water plain boiled water, water water-band is fertile, execute high potassium punching fertilising 10-15 kilogram for every mu at every turn, the knot melon phase of containing will keep ground moistening, water and should carry out before adopting melon, cloudy day or temperature high before midday after should not water, high temperature season waters and should carry out between the lights, from 4th month, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be imposed and carry out foliar application.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
When field planting, every strain uses the root sustained-release pesticides of a slice, enters the control of knot melon phase every 7-10 days with medicament once, and described alternatively administered is 72.2% generally make every effort to overcome aqua 600 times of liquid, or 64% Sandofan wetting powder, 500 times of liquid, and two kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly; Fly net is set in canopy, hangs the yellow plate being coated with butter;
(5) gather in the crops
Accomplish timely harvesting, cucumber quality should meet NY5074-2005 mark regulation, and packaging, transport, storage want clean, health, pollution-free.
2. the high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Heating system described in step (1)-is 2. specially and adds ground hot line and temperature controller in booth.
3. the high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the fertilizer described in step (3)-is 1. specially and 2000 kg corn crushed stalk are mixed the chicken manure of 22 cubes, high temperature (actual temp) fermentation forms.
4. the high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (3)-1. described grafting method that amplexiforms is specially: cut sth. askew by stock cotyledon 45 °, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, then 1.5cm place under scion growing point is cut sth. askew 45 ° equally, tangent plane remains on 0.5cm, with Grafting clip, stock scion is fixed, put into cut-and-dried Small plastic shed, covered with sunshade net, humidity remains on more than 95%, see after three days that light is breathed freely gradually, after one week, remove Grafting clip access normal management.
5. the high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the needs according to cucumber growth of step (3)-3. described in-b, one of method of the humidity in time in adjustment canopy is specially: in canopy, establish greenhouse electricity demist disease prevention growth-promoting machine.
6. the high-yield cultivating method of plastic tent cucumber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rich water quality management of-e of step (3)-3. also comprises and carries out carbonic acid gas early spring and supplement fertilising, described carbonic acid gas supplements fertilising and comprises two kinds of modes, one is hanging bag type, every mu of use 20 bags, can maintain 30-38 days at every turn at every turn; Another kind is that carbon dioxide particle is fertile, and every mu of use 5 bags is sprinkling upon earth's surface at every turn, and each time maintained is 13-16 days.
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| CN106258463A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-01-04 | 山东鲁寿种业有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate seedling management method after plastic tent cucumber grafting |
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| CN106416704A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 吕子含 | Method of planting cucumbers in winter greenhouse with automatic temperature control system |
| CN106258463A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-01-04 | 山东鲁寿种业有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate seedling management method after plastic tent cucumber grafting |
| CN107114087A (en) * | 2017-04-22 | 2017-09-01 | 张家口市农业科学院 | A kind of Cucumber High-yield Culture method |
| CN107155554A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-15 | 霍邱县天滋禾种苗专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of cucumber |
| CN107455174A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-12-12 | 霍山县安绿园农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cucumber splicing falls climing method |
| CN107500846A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2017-12-22 | 青海省农林科学院 | A kind of cucumber time of infertility special fertilizer and its application process |
| CN110291940A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-01 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | High temperature difference cool area improve green cucumber economic benefit method |
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| CN108934830A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of no-tillage cultivation method when cucumber is changed crops |
| CN108934830B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-10-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | No-tillage cultivation method for cucumber in stubble replacement |
| RU2717648C1 (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-03-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации имени А.Н. Костякова" (ФГБНУ "ВНИИГиМ им. А.Н. Костякова") | Method for additional fertilization of cucumber culture with carbon dioxide |
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