NL1024241C2 - Method for building a prefab building. - Google Patents

Description

I

Method for building a prefab building

The present invention relates to a method for building a prefab building with a first floor, load-bearing walls and a second floor, wherein - walls with their undersides are placed on the first floor, and the second floor as a ceiling on the upper sides of the walls placed on the first floor, which walls thus form the second floor bearing walls.

Such a method is generally known. A first floor is hereby placed, after which adjusting means, such as adjusting blocks or adjusting plates, are placed at two places where a wall is to be placed. The height of the adjusting means is chosen such that the top side thereof is level, after which the wall is placed on the adjusting means. Between the bottom of the wall and the top of the first floor there is a joint, which is filled with cement. The first floor is usually finished to ensure that the upper surface is horizontal (level). Here, the spirit level is in accordance with the definition according to the NEN standard 2886 applicable in the Netherlands (Annex B, table 8), that is to say that counted from a supported end of a horizontal component (in particular a floor), the opposite supported end maximum 8 mm higher or maximum 8 mm lower.

The present invention has for its object to provide a method with which building can be carried out faster and more efficiently.

To this end, the method according to the invention is characterized in that - the first floor is placed level, - at least two walls, in the absence of adjusting means, are placed on the first floor between the underside of a wall and the first floor, wherein between the the bottom sides of the installed walls and the top of the floor have a bottom joint with a thickness after placement of the wall of a maximum of 20 mm, and 1 0242 41

I

I 2 I

I - the second floor, in the absence of adjusting means between the I

I top of a wall and the bottom of the second I

I floor, as a ceiling is deposited on the at least two walls

I, with between the top of the at least I

Two placed and bearing walls and the underside of the I

I floor is an upper joint with a thickness that after slab I

The maximum floor space for the second floor is 20 mm

I wherein the first and the second joint are filled with a joint I

I material, and wherein the first floor, the at least two I

The load-bearing walls, the joints and the second floor are such

I dimensioned that the second floor is level. I

Thus, by starting from a floor that is water-resistant

I pass, it can be achieved that a floor can be made I

I wherein the second floor is level, and preferably also I

I 15 at the desired height. The time saving that can be achieved in this way I

I is substantial, and therefore means a substantial cost

I benefit from construction. It is also no longer necessary for the above I

I side of a floor, in particular the first and or second I

I floor, to be finished, in particular when this floor is so l

It has been manufactured in such a way that it is already smooth. When in the I

The present application refers to a floor, comprising I

This is a floor made up of individual parts. Usage I

I corpse spans a partial entire distance between two walls, I

I wherein in lengthwise direction at least two contiguous floor I

I parts are provided. It goes without saying that the thicknesses I

I of these floor parts, if desired, finishing the I

I to avoid a floor, at least practically the same

I, preferably with a thickness difference of less than 1 mm. I

In the present application reference is made to pla I

I 30 thus becomes only the underside of the wall

Indicated on the floor installed. This meaning is therefore unimportant

I prevent a lowered ceiling, for example, from being applied

I brought. When in connection with the present invention I

I is talking about spirit level, so it becomes spirit level like I

Defined in the NEN standard 2886 cited above

I, wherein according to the present invention when using I

I of the method according to the invention for more floors I

I (so with 3 or more horizontal components that act as floor or I

I 1024241 i »3 ceiling can be considered), it applies that the permissible dimensional deviation is calculated between the upper and lower horizontal component. In the present application, the term "size tolerance" as defined in NEN 2881 means the difference between the upper limit measure (largest allowable measure) and the lower limit measure (smallest allowable measure). The maximum allowable dimensional deviation is equal to half the size tolerance.

A very important embodiment is characterized in that as the joint material for the lower and the upper joint a joint material is used which is in the form of a strip of plastic-elastic material.

Such a strip can be applied very easily and quickly to the place where a wall is to be placed. The strip can be provided with an adhesive layer on one or both sides. The strip can also, with great advantage, be fabricated in the floor or in the wall. The walls and floors will usually be concrete, in which case the strips can be cast. The term plastic-elastic means that the strip can be compressed, whereby compensation for unevenness at the joint is compensated. It is important that at the time of the placement of a wall on a floor (or floor on a wall) the strip is essentially a non-liquid material. It is therefore immediately capable of performing a load-bearing, pressure-distributing function. A second function of the joint material is to seal the joint. This very favorable embodiment of the present invention does not completely exclude the use of a liquid sealing agent, because it can for instance be used to fill gaps between strips of joint material. . However, at least 50%, and preferably at least 70%, of the forces are transmitted via the strips to an underlying structural element, such as a floor. The thickness of the strip (after placing all components to be placed on and above the strip) is up to 20 mm, but in practice preferably between 2 and 10 mm, in particular 3 to 7 mm, such as 4 mm .

Advantageously, the strip-shaped elastic material for the lower and upper joint is independently selected from rubber, plastic and felt.

Such materials may contain additives such as cork.

According to an alternative embodiment, the walls and floors are in direct contact with each other. In such a case, the joint material used for the lower and upper joint is advantageously a joint material that is independently selected from sealant and glue.

In contrast to the known method, the joint thickness is very small, usually less than 5 mm. In addition, if the jointing material is applied before a structural component, such as a wall, only very little I can drain away from the liquid jointing material. This limits the risk of contact noise in the case of adjacent buildings. Therefore, contrary to what is now customary, no measures such as placing a piece of foam between two walls to be placed at a small distance from each other need be taken to avoid these problems.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the thickness of at least one of the lower and the upper joint is a maximum of 8 mm and is preferably smaller than 5 mm.

Such a limited joint thickness contributes to a stable construction of the building.

Preferably, the maximum permissible dimensional variation in height for the walls is 3 mm.

It is thus promoted that, even if there is a building with more than one floor, as indicated below, it is easy to build within the limits specified by the above-mentioned NEN 2886 30 standard, without requiring interim intervals. In case more than one building of the same type is built next to each other, such as terraced houses, it is ensured that the corresponding floors of floors of adjacent buildings are at the same height within the applicable standards. In the present description, the term "corresponding floors" is understood to mean floors of the same floor. When in the present invention a dimension is specified as the target size, the maximum allowable dimensional deviation of x mm means that the range of allowable components is the target size plus or minus x mm.

As has already been stated briefly a few times before, an important application of the method according to the invention is the construction of a prefabricated building which has at least two floors.

The method for building such a prefabricated building is preferably characterized in that second walls are placed on the second floor in the absence of adjusting means, on which second walls in the absence of adjusting means between the underside of a second wall and the second floor, on the second floor is placed, wherein there is a lower joint between the undersides of the placed second walls and the upper side of the second floor with a thickness after placement of the second wall of a maximum of 20 mm, and - a third floor , in the absence of adjusting means between the top of the second wall and the bottom of the third floor, is supported as a ceiling on the at least two second walls, whereby between the top of the at least two second walls placed and bearing and the underside of the third floor is an upper joint with a thickness that after placement of the third floor is a maximum of 20 mm, whereby the joints of this floor are filled with a joint material, and wherein the at least two bearing second walls, the joints of this floor and the third floor are dimensioned such that the third floor is level.

30. Naturally, even more floors can be installed. Such a placement falls within the scope of the invention. Since this will also be clear to a non-expert, this will not be discussed in more detail to maintain the simplicity of the description.

The maximum permissible deviation in the thickness of the second floor is preferably 2 mm.

Thus, deviations in the thickness of the floor bear 1024241

I

I 6

I hardly contribute to differences in height between similarities

I coming floors of adjacent buildings. I

A preferred embodiment is characterized by this

I connecting two components selected from the first I

I floor, the first wall, the second floor and the second wall

I is performed by a technique selected from i) welding, I

and ii) applying a bolt connection. I

Thus, an extremely sturdy construction can become I

I insured. I

The first floor is preferably leveled

I place by leveling the foundation. I

The rapid construction of the building can thus be directly achieved

I started when the components (walls, floors, etc.) I

I are invoked. I

The desired dimensional accuracy in vertical I

I direction is chosen such that the bearing walls and I

I second floors are dimensioned such that the high I

difference between second floors of a certain floor I

a maximum of 16 mm is I

The present invention will now be applied

I refer to the drawing in which I

FIG. 1 shows a detail of two walls of two on I

I horizontal buildings, built with a method according to position I

of the art; I

FIG. 2 shows a detail of two walls of two on

buildings, built with a method according to the I

I invention; and I

FIG. Suggest 3 a-c variants from a floor I

I supporting walls, with floors resting on the walls. I

FIG. 1 shows two adjacent drastic walls I

1.1 'of two buildings, such as a semi-detached house. Between I

between the walls 1, 1 'is a cavity 10, which is under I

more has a sound insulating function. First walls 2, 2 '

I rest on a first floor or respective first floor I

I run. These are not shown, but the way in which the first I

First walls 2, 2 'will rest on the first floor (s)

become clear from the following description. At the res

First walls 2, 2 'respectively rest respectively I

I 1024241

I I

7 second floors 3, 3 '. Between the first walls 2, 2 'and the second floors 3, 3' there are joints 4, 4 'which are filled with a strip of felt 5, 5'. For placing second walls 6, 6 ', the walls 6, 6' are set by means of two stacks of adjusting plates (not shown). Care is taken that the top of these two stacks is level, after which the second walls 6, 6 'are placed. The joints 7, 7 'between the bottom of the walls 6, 6' and the top of the second floors 3, 3 'are filled with mortar 8, 8'. The joints 7, 7 'have a thickness of 15-30 mm. When the mortar 8, 8' hardens, it contributes to the transmission of forces to the foundation (not shown) of the buildings. By the way, the placing of the first walls 2, 2 'on the first floor (s) takes place in a corresponding manner. The second floors 3, 3 'are made level by applying a finishing floor 9, 9'. During construction it is important to prevent liquid spoil 8, 8 'from coming out of the joints 7, 7' into the gap 10. Namely, when a connection occurs between the load-bearing walls 1, 1 '(including via adjacent floors 3, 3'), sound is easily transmitted from one building to the other, which is undesirable. Therefore, in practice, separating material 11, for example in the form of elastic plastic foam, is arranged between the walls 1, 1 '.

Although the above-described known method of prefab building represented a considerable improvement in the speed at which a house can be built, the present invention aims to improve it further, which will be explained with reference to Fig. 2, wherein identical reference numerals are of course relate to the same components as described above.

According to the invention, the floor thickness (at least on that surface of the floor where it rests on the walls or where walls are placed) and wall height are dimensioned such that a floor placed on the walls (or, in the case of more floors, each floor) is level. The necessity of a finishing floor can hereby also be dispensed with, although the present invention closes the application 1024241

Η I

I 8 I

I don't care about a finishing floor. In the method according to I

The invention has been chosen for a greatly reduced height of the I

I add 7, 7 ', namely 20 mm or smaller, preferably smaller I

I then 12 mm. These joints 7, 7 'are preferably filled with I

A strip of joint material 12, 12 '. This strip 12, 12 'is at I

I prefer an elongated strip that extends over the entire section

I extends beyond the walls 6, 6 '

Prior to placing the second walls 6, 6 'on I

I the second floors 3, 3 'can be laid, or can be attached to the bottom I

Side of the second walls 6, 6 'are glued (for example I

I as a single-sided or double-sided adhesive strip). It is also I

It is conceivable that the strip of joint material 12, 12 'at the manufacture

Laying of the second floors 3, 3 'or preferably the walls I

I 6, 6 'are poured. Instead of a single strip, I

Strips can also be made in the form of short pieces

I uses. I

Although the present invention has been described above

I laid on the basis of placing second floor 3, 3 'and I

I second walls 6, 6 ', it will be clear to the skilled person I

I 20 that there is no substantial difference with the placement of an I

I other floor or other walls. I

It is conceivable walls 6a, 6b with different I

I to apply heights, the local thickness of at least I

I at least one of the floors 3, 13 the difference in wall height I

25 compensates, whereby the top surface of the floor 3 that on the I

The walls 6a, 6b still rest horizontally. This is shown

3 a-c. Possible deviations can be I

I compensated for when strips of joint material 5a, 5b (or I

12a, 12b) of different thickness can be used (Fig. 3a). I

I 30 For simplicity and to be able to build quickly, it happens I

However, I prefer the components with the greatest possible I

I can produce accuracy so that only once

I leveling (of the foundation or a first floor) emergency I

I is businesslike. In FIG. 3b shows the possibility of an I

Horizontal component, here a second floor 3, locally

I to provide a thickening 14. Naturally, I

I work with a recess (15) (Fig. 3c) (Note: I

For the sake of simplicity, the jointing materials in Figs. 3b and 3c are not I

1 024241_9). In practice, however, it will be preferable to manufacture components, in particular walls 6a and 6b, with the greatest possible accuracy, since they are then interchangeable, which simplifies the logistics.

The dimensioning of joints depends on the chosen joint material and the weight placed above the joints. A person skilled in the art can choose a suitable thickness of the joint material 10 either by calculation or by simple experimentation.

1024241

Claims (11)

Method for building a prefab building II with a first floor, load-bearing walls and a second floor, II wherein II - walls with their undersides are placed on the first floor II and II - the second floor as a ceiling on the upper sides of the walls placed on the first floor 2 are placed, which walls thus form the second floor bearing walls, II characterized in that the first floor is leveled, II - at least two walls, in the absence of adjusting means II between the underside of a wall and the first floor, are placed on the first floor, wherein there is a lower joint between the undersides of the walls placed and the top of the second floor with a thickness after placement II of the wall is a maximum of 20 mm, and II - the second floor, in the absence of adjusting means between the II top of a wall and the bottom of the second II floor, as a ceiling on the minimum the first two walls is supported, wherein there is an upper joint between the top of the at least II two placed and load-bearing walls and the bottom of the II floor with a thickness which after installation of the second floor is maximized 20 mm is II in which the first and the second joint are filled with a joint material, and wherein the first floor, the at least two II bearing walls, the joints and the second floor are II dimensioned such that the second floor is level state. I 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the joint material for the lower and the upper joint a joint material is used which is in the form of a strip of plastic-elastic material. I 3. Method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the strip-shaped elastic material for the lower joint and the upper joint are independently selected from rubber, plastic and felt. I I 1024241 I »' Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as the joint material for the lower and the upper joint a joint material that is independently selected from sealant and glue is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of at least one of the lower and the upper joint is at most 8 mm and is preferably less than 5 mm. 6. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the maximum permissible deviation in height for the walls is 3 mm. 7. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims - wherein the prefab building has at least two floors, characterized in that second walls are placed on the second floor in the absence of adjusting means, on which second walls in the absence of adjusting means are placed between the underside of a second wall and the second floor, are placed on the second floor, wherein there is a lower joint between the undersides of the placed second walls and the top of the second floor with a thickness after placement of the second wall of a maximum of 20 mm and - a third floor, in the absence of adjusting means between the top of the second wall and the bottom of the third floor, is supported as a ceiling on the at least two second walls, whereby between the top of the at least two placed and bearing second walls and the underside of the third floor is an upper joint with a thickness that is a maximum of 20 mm after placement of the third floor 3 Wherein the joints of this floor are filled with a joint material, and wherein the at least two bearing second walls, the joints of this floor and the third floor are dimensioned such that the third floor is level. 8. Method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the the maximum permissible deviation in the thickness of the second floor is 2 mm. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection of two components selected from the first floor, the first wall, the second floor and the second wall is effected by means of a technique selected II from i) welding, and ii) applying a bolt connection. I 10. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the first floor is leveled by leveling the foundation. I 11. Method for the serial construction of prefabricated buildings, characterized in that the load-bearing walls and second floors are dimensioned such that the height difference between second floors of a certain floor is 16 mm maximum. I 1024241 I