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Employment and Training Programs

Author

Listed:
  • Burt S. Barnow
  • Jeffrey Smith
Abstract
This chapter considers means-tested employment and training programs in the United States. We focus in particular on large, means-tested federal programs, including the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), its successor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), that program’s recent replacement, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the long-running Job Corps program, and the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The first part of the chapter provides details on program history, organization, expenditures, eligibility rules, services, and participant characteristics. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the applied econometric methods typically used to evaluate these programs, which in the United States means primarily social experiments and methods such as matching that rely on an assumption of “selection on observed variables.” The third part of the chapter reviews the literature evaluating these programs, highlighting both methodological and substantive lessons learned as well as open questions. The fourth part of the chapter considers what lessons the evaluation literature provides on program operation, especially how to best allocate particular services to particular participants. The final section concludes with the big picture lessons from this literature and discussion of promising directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Burt S. Barnow & Jeffrey Smith, 2015. "Employment and Training Programs," NBER Working Papers 21659, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21659
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    6. Barham, Tania & Cadena, Brian C. & Turner, Patrick S, 2023. "Taking a Chance on Workers: Evidence on the Effects and Mechanisms of Subsidized Employment from an RCT," IZA Discussion Papers 16221, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Petri Böckerman & Alex Bryson & Antti Kauhanen & Mari Kangasniemi, 2020. "Does job design make workers happy?," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 67(1), pages 31-52, February.
    8. Lerman, Robert I. & Loprest, Pamela J. & Kuehn, Daniel, 2020. "Training for Jobs of the Future: Improving Access, Certifying Skills, and Expanding Apprenticeship," IZA Policy Papers 166, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Daniel Litwok, 2023. "Estimating the Impact of Emergency Assistance on Educational Progress for Low-Income Adults: Experimental and Nonexperimental Evidence," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(2), pages 231-263, April.
    10. Veronica Minaya & Judith Scott-Clayton, 2016. "Labor Market Outcomes and Postsecondary Accountability: Are Imperfect Metrics Better than None?," NBER Working Papers 22880, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Angell, Mintaka & Gold, Samantha & Hastings, Justine S. & Howison, Mark & Jensen, Scott & Keleher, Niall & Molitor, Daniel & Roberts, Amelia, 2021. "Estimating value-added returns to labor training programs with causal machine learning," OSF Preprints thg23, Center for Open Science.
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    8. Robert J. LaLonde, 2003. "Employment and Training Programs," NBER Chapters, in: Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, pages 517-586, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. A. Smith, Jeffrey & E. Todd, Petra, 2005. "Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 125(1-2), pages 305-353.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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