WO2022215666A1 - 無鉛圧電磁器組成物及び圧電素子 - Google Patents
無鉛圧電磁器組成物及び圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022215666A1 WO2022215666A1 PCT/JP2022/016992 JP2022016992W WO2022215666A1 WO 2022215666 A1 WO2022215666 A1 WO 2022215666A1 JP 2022016992 W JP2022016992 W JP 2022016992W WO 2022215666 A1 WO2022215666 A1 WO 2022215666A1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000037584 hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003077 Ti−O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium carbonate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C([O-])=O LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions and piezoelectric elements.
- piezoelectric ceramics are made of PZT-based (lead zirconate titanate-based) materials and contain lead.
- lead-free piezoelectric ceramics As a material for such a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (referred to as a "lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition"), for example, a composition represented by the composition formula ANbO 3 (A is an alkali metal) has been proposed.
- ANbO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition itself has a problem of poor sinterability and moisture resistance.
- the composition in addition to the main phase containing the first crystal layer composed of the ANbO 3 -based composition, the composition is composed of a spinel compound or the like. It is configured to contain a sub-phase containing a second crystal layer that is formed.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions of Patent Documents 1 to 3 have good sinterability and a good piezoelectric constant (d33), but have a sufficient mechanical quality factor required for practical lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions. (Qm) is not obtained. Therefore, there is a need for lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions exhibiting a high mechanical quality factor (Qm).
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to increase the mechanical quality factor (Qm) in lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions.
- the present disclosure can be implemented as the following forms.
- the content ratio x of Ti is greater than 0 mol% and not more than 4 mol%, and the content ratio x of Ti and the content ratio y of Mn satisfy the following relational expression (1).
- the Ti content x is greater than 0 mol% and 4 mol% or less, and the Ti content x and the Mn content y satisfy the following relational expression (2):
- the Ti content x is greater than 0 mol % and 4 mol % or less, and the Ti content x and the Mn content y satisfy the following relational expression (3):
- the Nb/Ta acid alkaline perovskite oxide contained in the main phase has a composition formula ( KaNabLicAd ) e ( BfCg ) Oh ( element A is Ca (calcium) , Sr (strontium) and Ba (barium), and the element B contains at least one of Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr (zirconium) and Hf (hafnium) containing at least Nb or Ta.
- a piezoelectric ceramic made of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition according to any one of [1] to [8]; and electrodes attached to the piezoelectric ceramic.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present disclosure can increase the mechanical quality factor (Qm).
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a piezoelectric element as one embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present embodiment does not contain Pb (lead), and contains Nb (niobium)/Ta (tantalum) acid alkaline perovskite oxidation. and a subphase containing a spinel compound containing Ti (titanium).
- the "Nb/Ta acid alkali perovskite oxide” is a perovskite oxide containing at least one of an Nb acid alkali perovskite oxide and a Ta alkali alkali perovskite oxide.
- a "spinel compound” includes both a normal spinel compound having a normal spinel crystal structure and an inverse spinel compound having a reverse spinel crystal structure.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition contains Mn (manganese).
- the Ti content x in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is greater than 0 mol % and 4 mol % or less, and the Ti content x and the Mn content y satisfy the following relational expression (1).
- the main phase contains almost no Mn and the subphase contains most of the Mn, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical quality factor (Qm) of the piezoelectric ceramic composition. do.
- the Ti content x in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is greater than 0 mol % and 4 mol % or less, and the Ti content x and the Mn content y preferably satisfy the following relational expression (2).
- x 2 /y ⁇ 8 Expression (2) This allows the piezoelectric ceramic composition to polarize more easily and have a higher mechanical quality factor (Qm).
- the Ti content x in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is greater than 0 mol % and 4 mol % or less, and the Ti content x and the Mn content y satisfy the following relational expression (3): . 0.25 ⁇ x 2 /y ⁇ 4 Expression (3) This allows the piezoelectric ceramic composition to polarize more easily and have a higher mechanical quality factor (Qm).
- the Ti content x in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is greater than 0 mol%, preferably 0.5 mol% or more, and preferably 1.0 mol% or more, from the viewpoint of generating a subphase containing a spinel compound to improve sinterability. more preferred.
- the content ratio x of Ti in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is 4 mol % or less, preferably 3.5 mol % or less, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical quality factor (Qm) by including the majority of Mn in the main phase. 0 mol % or less is more preferable.
- the Ti content x in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is greater than 0 mol% and 4 mol% or less, preferably 0.5 mol% or more and 3.5 mol% or less, and 1.0 mol% or more and 3.0 mol% or less. is more preferred.
- the content ratio y of Mn in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is preferably 0.2 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical quality factor (Qm) by including the majority of Mn in the main phase. Preferably, 0.8 mol % or more is more preferable.
- the content ratio y of Mn in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is preferably 5 mol % or less from the viewpoint of suppressing leakage due to Mn.
- x 2 /y represented by the content ratio x of Ti and the content ratio y of Mn in the piezoelectric ceramic composition is expressed by: It is greater than 0, preferably 0.2 or more, and more preferably 0.5 or more.
- x 2 /y is 20.0 or less, preferably 18.0 or less, more preferably 16.0 or less, from the viewpoint of increasing the mechanical quality factor (Qm) by including the majority of Mn in the main phase. . From these viewpoints, x 2 /y is greater than 0 and 20.0 or less, preferably 0.2 or more and 18.0 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or more and 16.0 or less.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition preferably has a sea-island structure in which the secondary phase is an island and the main phase is the sea. In the islands-in-sea structure, the secondary phase fills the vacancies formed between the primary phases. By being mixed with the main phase, the secondary phase improves the sinterability of the piezoelectric ceramic composition, improves the structural stability, and further improves the piezoelectric properties.
- the Nb/Ta acid alkali perovskite oxide contained in the main phase preferably contains at least one element belonging to alkaline earth metals.
- alkaline earth metals include Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), and Ba (barium).
- Nb/Ta acid alkaline perovskite oxide those represented by the following compositional formula (formula (2)) are preferably exemplified.
- Element A contains at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba.
- Element B includes at least one of Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr (zirconium), and Hf (hafnium) containing at least Nb or Ta.
- Element C contains at least Mn and may contain at least one of Mg (magnesium), Mn, Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), and Zn (zinc).
- the value of h is an arbitrary value capable of maintaining the perovskite crystal structure. That is, the amount of O atoms is set so that the perovskite crystal structure can be maintained.
- the element B is specifically Nb and one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf when Nb is selected from Nb and Ta. Further, when Ta is selected from Nb and Ta, the element B is Ta and one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf. Also, when both Nb and Ta are selected, the element B is one or more of Nb and Ta, and Ti, Zr, and Hf.
- the element C is specifically Mn when none of Mg, Fe, Co, and Zn is selected. Further, when one or more of Mg, Fe, Co, and Zn are selected, the element C is Mn and one or more of Mg, Fe, Co, and Zn.
- the ratio of each element is preferably in the following ranges from the viewpoint of improving the electrical properties, piezoelectric properties, or increasing the mechanical quality factor (Qm) of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- composition ratio of each element contained in elements A to C is 0.00 ⁇ d1 ⁇ 0.05, 0.00 ⁇ d2 ⁇ 0.05, 0.00 ⁇ d3 ⁇ 0.05, 0.90 ⁇ f1 ⁇ 0.95, 0.00 ⁇ f2 ⁇ 0.05, 0.005 ⁇ f3 ⁇ 0.04, 0.000 ⁇ f4 ⁇ 0.005, 0.000 ⁇ f5 ⁇ 0.005, 0.000 ⁇ g1 ⁇ 0.005, 0.002 ⁇ g2 ⁇ 0.05, 0.000 ⁇ g3 ⁇ 0.005, 0.000 ⁇ g4 ⁇ 0.005, 0.000 ⁇ g5 ⁇ 0.005.
- the "Nb/Ta acid alkali perovskite oxide" contained in the main phase is preferably an Nb acid alkali perovskite oxide. This makes it possible to provide a piezoelectric ceramic composition having a higher Curie temperature than when the "Nb/Ta acid alkali perovskite oxide" contained in the main phase is an Ta acid alkali perovskite oxide.
- the subphase preferably contains an M--Ti--O spinel compound.
- Element M is preferably a monovalent to tetravalent metal element.
- the M—Ti—O based spinel compound one represented by the following compositional formula (4) is preferable.
- MjTiOk Equation ( 4) Element M is preferably at least one of Li (lithium), Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, and Hf.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a piezoelectric element as an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- This piezoelectric element 200 includes a piezoelectric ceramic 100 made of the piezoelectric ceramic composition of the present disclosure, and electrodes 301 and 302 .
- This piezoelectric element 200 has a configuration in which electrodes 301 and 302 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a disk-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 100 .
- As the piezoelectric element it is possible to form piezoelectric elements having various other shapes and configurations.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition and piezoelectric element according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be widely used for vibration detection applications, pressure detection applications, oscillation applications, piezoelectric device applications, and the like. be.
- it can be used for various apparatuses such as piezoelectric filters, piezoelectric vibrators, piezoelectric transformers, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, piezoelectric gyro sensors, knock sensors, and devices using them.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing a piezoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first and second components produced below are mixed to form a primary phase and a secondary phase.
- a 1st component is a main component contained in a main phase.
- the second component is a component different from the main phase.
- step T110 raw materials for the first component are mixed.
- step T120 the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry is calcined, for example, at 600° C. to 1100° C. in the atmosphere for 1 hour to 10 hours to produce calcined powder of the first component.
- step T130 raw materials for the second component are mixed.
- the composition of the second component is preferably K0.85Ti0.85Nb1.15O5 .
- the composition of the second component may be KTiNbO 5 , K 0.90 Ti 0.90 Nb 1.10 O 5 or the like.
- K 2 CO 3 powder, Nb 2 O 5 powder, and TiO 2 powder are selected and weighed according to the value of the composition formula of the second component.
- Ethanol is added to these raw material powders and wet-mixed in a ball mill to obtain a slurry. Wet mixing using a ball mill is preferably carried out for 15 hours or longer.
- step T140 the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry is calcined, for example, at 600° C. to 1100° C. in the atmosphere for 1 hour to 10 hours to produce the calcined powder of the second component.
- step T150 the first component, the second component, and the Mn species (e.g., MnCO 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , etc.) are each weighed, a dispersant, a binder, and ethanol are added, and ball milled. Slurry is obtained by pulverizing and mixing. When adding an additive metal, a necessary one is selected from CuO powder, Fe 2 O 3 powder, ZnO powder, MgO powder, CoO powder, etc., weighed and mixed into the slurry. The obtained slurry may be calcined again, pulverized and mixed.
- Mn species e.g., MnCO 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , etc.
- the slurry is dried, granulated, and uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 20 MPa, for example, to form a desired shape.
- Typical piezoelectric ceramic shapes suitable for the composition as an embodiment of the present disclosure are, for example, disk-shaped and cylindrical.
- CIP treatment cold isostatic pressing treatment
- step T160 the obtained molded body (CIP pressed body) is fired, for example, at 900° C. to 1300° C. for 1 hour to 10 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a piezoelectric ceramic.
- the second component reacts with the first component and Mn oxide to form a subphase containing spinel compounds containing Ti.
- the firing in step T160 may be performed in an O2 atmosphere.
- step T170 the piezoelectric ceramic is processed according to the dimensional accuracy required for the piezoelectric element.
- step T180 electrodes are attached to the piezoelectric ceramic thus obtained, and in step T190, polarization treatment is performed.
- the manufacturing method described above is an example, and various other processes and processing conditions for manufacturing piezoelectric elements can be used.
- powders of the first component and the second component are separately generated in advance, and the powders of both are mixed and fired.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition may be manufactured by collectively mixing raw materials containing the first component and the second component and firing the mixture.
- the composition of the first component and the second component can be more strictly controlled, so the yield of the piezoelectric ceramic composition can be increased.
- Sample Compositions were prepared by appropriately selecting the types and amounts of the raw materials for the first component and the second component.
- the content ratio of Mn contained in the sample composition is changed by adjusting the amount of Mn species when mixing the first component, the second component, and the Mn species (step T150 above).
- the content ratio of Ti contained in the sample composition is changed by adjusting the amount of Ti in the first component and the second component.
- Table 1 shows the content ratios of Mn and Ti contained in each sample composition.
- sample compositions are indicated using "No.”
- Sample no. 3, 4, 6 to 10 are examples and sample Nos. 1, 2, 5, 11-13 are comparative examples.
- sample compositions will be described with sample numbers.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results. The presence or absence of subphase formation was evaluated as follows. A spinel compound was identified and the presence or absence of a subphase was confirmed. ⁇ : A subphase was formed. x: A subphase was not formed.
- polarization treatment could be performed as follows. Electrodes were attached to the piezoelectric ceramic, and polarization treatment was attempted. ⁇ : Polarization treatment was performed. x: Polarization treatment could not be performed.
- Sample No. which is a comparative example. 1 does not satisfy the following requirements (a) (b) (c).
- Sample no. 2 does not satisfy the following requirements (b) and (c).
- Sample no. 5 does not meet the following requirements (a) and (c).
- Sample no. 11 to 13 do not satisfy the following requirement (c).
- Example sample No. 3 has a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 220, and sample No. 3 is a comparative example. 2 had a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 85. Sample no. 3 contains Mn, satisfies requirement (b), sample no. 2 does not contain Mn and does not meet requirement (b). Therefore, sample no. 3 is sample no. Compared to 2, most of the Mn is contained in the main phase and the mechanical quality factor (Qm) is thought to have increased.
- Qm mechanical quality factor
- Example sample No. 3, 4, 6 to 10 have a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 201 to 450, and sample Nos., which are comparative examples. 11-13 had a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 80-100.
- Sample no. 3, 4, 6 to 10 by satisfying the requirement (c), the sinterability is improved and the densification is made easier to polarize, and Mn is easily included in the main phase, resulting in a mechanical quality factor. (Qm) is considered to have increased.
- Example sample No. 4, 6 to 9, 14 to 16 have a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 255 to 450, and sample Nos. 3 and 10 had mechanical quality factors (Qm) of 220 and 210, respectively.
- Sample no. 4, 6 to 9, 14 to 16 are more likely to polarize by satisfying the requirement (d), and Mn is more likely to be included in the main phase, which increases the mechanical quality factor (Qm). Conceivable.
- Example sample No. 6 to 9, 14, and 15 have a mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 283 to 450, and Sample No. 1 is an example. 4 and 16 had mechanical quality factors (Qm) of 255 and 281, respectively. Sample no. 6 to 9, 14, and 15 are more likely to be polarized by satisfying the requirement (e), and Mn is likely to be included in the main phase, which is considered to further increase the mechanical quality factor (Qm). .
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、上記実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、無鉛圧電磁器組成物における機械的品質係数(Qm)を高めることを目的とする。本開示は、以下の形態として実現することが可能である。
Ti(チタン)を含むスピネル化合物を含む副相と、
を含み、
Mn(マンガン)が含有され、
Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつ前記Tiの含有割合xとMnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(1)を満足することを特徴とする、無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
x2/y≦20.0 …式(1)
x2/y≦8 …式(2)
0.25<x2/y≦4 …式(3)
前記圧電磁器に取り付けられた電極と、を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子。
本実施形態の無鉛圧電磁器組成物(以下、単に圧電磁器組成物ともいう)は、Pb(鉛)を含まず、Nb(ニオブ)/Ta(タンタル)酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物を含む主相と、Ti(チタン)を含むスピネル化合物を含む副相と、を含んでいる。「Nb/Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物」は、Nb酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物と、Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物の少なくとも一方を含むペロブスカイト型酸化物である。「スピネル化合物」は、正スピネル型結晶構造を有する正スピネル化合物と、逆スピネル型結晶構造を有する逆スピネル化合物の両方を含む。圧電磁器組成物は、Mn(マンガン)を含んでいる。
x2/y≦20.0 …式(1)
圧電磁器組成物は、副相にTiを含むスピネル化合物が含まれるため、焼結性が向上し、分極し易くなる。Tiの含有割合xを4mоl%以下とすることで、Mnが主相に含まれ易くなり、圧電磁器組成物の機械的品質係数(Qm)を高めることができる。一方で、Tiの含有割合xが4mоl%より大きいと、主相にほとんどMnが含まれず、大多数のMnが副相に含まれるため、圧電磁器組成物の機械的品質係数(Qm)が低下する。
x2/y≦8 …式(2)
これにより、圧電磁器組成物は、分極をより容易に生じさせ、かつ機械的品質係数(Qm)をより高められる。
0.25<x2/y≦4 …式(3)
これにより、圧電磁器組成物は、分極を更に容易に生じさせ、かつ機械的品質係数(Qm)を更に高められる。
主相に含まれるNb/Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、アルカリ土類金属に属する少なくとも一種の元素を含むことが好ましい。アルカリ土類金属は、例えば、Ca(カルシウム)、Sr(ストロンチウム)、及びBa(バリウム)等が挙げられる。
(KaNabLicAd)e(BfCg)Oh …式(2)
元素Aは、Ca、Sr、Baのうちの少なくとも1種を含む。元素Bは、Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr(ジルコニウム),Hf(ハフニウム)のうちの少なくともNb又はTaを含む1種以上を含む。元素Cは、少なくともMnを含み、且つMg(マグネシウム)、Mn、Fe(鉄)、Co(コバルト)、Zn(亜鉛)のうちの少なくとも1種を含み得る。なお、hの値は、ペロブスカイト型結晶構造を維持し得る任意の値である。すなわち、O原子は、ペロブスカイト型結晶構造を維持できる量とされている。
0.10≦a≦0.65、0.25≦b≦0.85、0.00≦c≦≦0.08、0.00≦d≦0.10、0.80≦e≦1.10、0.90≦f≦0.998、0.002≦g≦0.10、hはペロブスカイト型酸化物の結晶構造を維持しうる任意の値
a+b+c+d=1
a+b+c≠0
f+g=1
0.40≦a≦0.60、0.40≦b≦0.60、0.02≦c≦0.05、0.03≦d≦0.08、0.80≦e≦1.10、0.90≦f≦0.95、0.01≦g≦0.05、hはペロブスカイト型酸化物の結晶構造を維持し得る任意の値
a+b+c+d=1
a+b+c≠0
f+g=1
(KaNabLicCad1Srd2Bad3)e(Nbf1Taf2Tif3Zrf4Hff5Mgg1Mng2Feg3Cog4Zng5)Oh …式(3)
式(3)は、以下の関係式を満たす。
d=d1+d2+d3
f=f1+f2+f3+f4+f5
g=g1+g2+g3+g4+g5
f1+f2≠0
g2≠0
副相は、M-Ti-O系スピネル化合物を含むことが好ましい。元素Mは、1価~4価の金属元素であることが好ましい。M-Ti-O系スピネル化合物としては、以下の組成式(4)で表されるものが好ましい。
MjTiOk …式(4)
元素Mは、Li(リチウム)、Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、Zr、Hfのうちの少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
図1は、本開示の一実施形態としての圧電素子を示す斜視図である。この圧電素子200は、本開示の圧電磁器組成物で形成された圧電磁器100と、電極301,302と、を備えている。この圧電素子200は、円板状の圧電磁器100の上面と下面に電極301,302が取り付けられた構成を有している。なお、圧電素子としては、これ以外の種々の形状や構成の圧電素子を形成可能である。
本開示の実施形態による無鉛圧電磁器組成物及び圧電素子は、振動検知用途、圧力検知用途、発振用途、及び、圧電デバイス用途等に広く用いることが可能である。例えば、圧電フィルタ、圧電振動子、圧電トランス、圧電超音波トランスデューサ、圧電ジャイロセンサ、ノックセンサなどの各種の装置やそれらを用いるデバイスに利用することができる。
図2は、本開示の一実施形態における圧電素子の製造方法を示すフローチャートの一例である。以下で作製される第1成分と第2成分とが混合されて、主相と副相が形成される。第1成分は、主相に含まれる主成分である。第2成分は、主相とは異なる成分である。
(KaNabLicAd)e(BfCg)Oh …式(1)
第1成分の原料、第2成分の原料の種類及び分量を適宜選択して各種のサンプル組成物を調製した。サンプル組成物に含まれるMnの含有割合は、第1成分、第2成分、及びMn種の混合時(上記工程T150)にMn種の量を調整することで変化させている。サンプル組成物に含まれるTiの含有割合は、第1成分及び第2成分におけるTiの量を調整することで変化させている。
粉末X線回折(XRD)の回折結果を使用したリートベルト解析(Rietveld Analysis)を行い、サンプル組成物に含まれるスピネル化合物を同定した。X線回折の測定では、強度の強い放射光(波長:0.7Å)を使用する高分解能の装置を用いた。
電子線マイクロアナライザー(EPMA)を用いて各サンプル組成物を分析することで、副相にTiが含まれているか確認した。なお、副相の粒径が小さい場合には、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM-EDS)を用いて断面観察して、副相にTiが含まれているか確認した。
インピーダンスアナライザを用いて、共振-反共振法に基づいて機械的品質係数(Qm)を求めた。
評価結果を表1に示す。
副相の形成の有無は、以下のようにして評価した。スピネル化合物を同定し、副相の有無を確認した。
○:副相が形成されていた。
×:副相が形成されていなかった。
○:分極処理が行えた。
×:分極処理が行えなかった。
実施例であるサンプルNo.3,4,6~10,14~16は、下記要件(a)(b)(c)を満たしている。比較例であるサンプルNo.1は、下記要件(a)(b)(c)を満たしていない。サンプルNo.2は、下記要件(b)(c)を満たしていない。サンプルNo.5は、下記要件(a)(c)を満たしていない。サンプルNo.11~13は、下記要件(c)を満たしていない。
・要件(a):Tiを含むスピネル化合物を含む副相を有する。
・要件(b):Mnを含む。
・要件(c):Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつTiの含有割合xとMnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(1)を満足する。
x2/y≦20.0 …式(1)
・要件(d):Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつTiの含有割合xとMnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(2)を満足する。
x2/y≦8 …式(2)
・要件(e):Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつTiの含有割合xとMnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(3)を満足する。
0.25<x2/y≦4 …式(3)
実施例であるサンプルNo.3,4,6~10,14~16及び比較例であるサンプルNo.2,11~13は、副相が形成されて要件(a)を満たすため、分極処理を行えた。比較例であるサンプルNo.1,5は、副相が形成されず要件(a)を満たさないため、分極処理を行えなかった。
本実施例の無鉛圧電磁器組成物は、機械的品質係数(Qm)を高めることができた。
200…圧電素子
301,302…電極
Claims (9)
- Nb(ニオブ)/Ta(タンタル)酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物を含む主相と、
Ti(チタン)を含むスピネル化合物を含む副相と、
を含み、
Mn(マンガン)が含有され、
Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつ前記Tiの含有割合xとMnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(1)を満足することを特徴とする、無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
x2/y≦20.0 …式(1) - 前記Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつ前記Tiの含有割合xと前記Mnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(2)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
x2/y≦8 …式(2) - 前記Tiの含有割合xは、0mol%より大きく4mоl%以下であり、かつ前記Tiの含有割合xと前記Mnの含有割合yとは下記の関係式(3)を満足することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
0.25<x2/y≦4 …式(3) - 前記副相が島であり前記主相が海である海島構造を有する、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
- Mnの含有割合は、0.2mоl%以上5mоl%以下である、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
- 前記主相に含まれるNb/Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、アルカリ土類金属に属する少なくとも一種の元素を含む、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
- 前記主相に含まれるNb/Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、組成式(KaNabLicAd)e(BfCg)Oh(元素AはCa(カルシウム),Sr(ストロンチウム),Ba(バリウム)のうちの少なくとも1種を含み、元素BはNb,Ta,Ti,Zr(ジルコニウム),Hf(ハフニウム)のうちの少なくともNb又はTaを含む1種以上を含み、元素Cは少なくともMnを含み且つMg(マグネシウム),Mn,Fe(鉄),Co(コバルト),Zn(亜鉛)のうちの少なくとも1種を含み得る、a+b+c+d=1、a+b+c≠0、0.80≦e≦1.10、f+g=1を満たし、hはペロブスカイトを構成する任意の値)で表される酸化物である、請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
- 前記主相に含まれるNb/Ta酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物は、Nb酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト型酸化物である、請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
- 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物で形成された圧電磁器と、
前記圧電磁器に取り付けられた電極と、を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子。
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