WO2011093021A1 - 無鉛圧電磁器組成物、それを用いた圧電素子、ノックセンサ、及び、無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
無鉛圧電磁器組成物、それを用いた圧電素子、ノックセンサ、及び、無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011093021A1 WO2011093021A1 PCT/JP2011/000176 JP2011000176W WO2011093021A1 WO 2011093021 A1 WO2011093021 A1 WO 2011093021A1 JP 2011000176 W JP2011000176 W JP 2011000176W WO 2011093021 A1 WO2011093021 A1 WO 2011093021A1
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- piezoelectric ceramic
- lead
- ceramic composition
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- free piezoelectric
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- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition used for a piezoelectric element or the like and a method for producing the same.
- piezoelectric ceramics piezoelectric ceramics
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- lead-free piezoelectric ceramics As a material of such a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (referred to as “lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition”), for example, a composition formula ANbO 3 (A is an alkali metal) such as potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na) NbO 3 ). The composition represented by these is proposed.
- the ANbO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition itself has a problem that it is poor in sinterability and moisture resistance.
- Patent Document 1 a method for improving the sinterability by adding Cu, Li, Ta or the like to the ANbO 3 -based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition and thus improving the piezoelectric characteristics. Is disclosed.
- the present invention provides a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition that is excellent in piezoelectric characteristics and has no sudden characteristic fluctuation between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C., a piezoelectric element using the same, and a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition
- An object is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and can be realized as the following forms or application examples.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition comprising: A first crystal phase comprising a niobium / alkaline tantalate perovskite oxide having piezoelectric properties; Consists of A-Ti-BO complex oxide (element A is an alkali metal, element B is at least one of Nb and Ta, and the contents of elements A, B, and Ti are not zero) A second crystalline phase that is A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition comprising: According to this configuration, there is provided a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition that is superior in piezoelectric characteristics to a composition composed only of the first crystal phase and has no sudden characteristic fluctuation between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C. Can be provided.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition comprising: According to this configuration, since these second crystal phases have excellent piezoelectric characteristics, the piezoelectric characteristics are excellent, and the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition has no sudden characteristic fluctuation between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C. Things can be provided.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition according to Application Example 2 The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition, wherein the second crystal phase is a crystal phase represented by A 1-x Ti 1-x B 1 + x O 5 .
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition that is superior in piezoelectric characteristics to a composition composed only of the first crystal phase and has no sudden characteristic fluctuation between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C. Can be provided.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition according to Application Example 4 The element A is Cs; The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition, wherein x satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition as a whole can provide a more stable composition, and in addition, the insulation properties of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition can be improved.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition according to Application Example 9, Niobium / Tantalum alkali perovskite oxide forming the first crystal phase composition formula (K a Na b Li c C d) e DO f ( element C is an alkaline earth metal Ca, Sr, and Ba At least one of them, element D is represented by at least one of Nb and Ta, a, b, c and d satisfy a + b + c + d 1, and e and f are arbitrary) Porcelain composition.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition containing the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase exhibits excellent insulating properties and piezoelectric characteristics.
- a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 11, further comprising: A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zr, Ag, Zn, Sc, and Bi. Also in this case, a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent piezoelectric characteristics can be obtained.
- a piezoelectric element comprising:
- a knock sensor comprising the piezoelectric element according to Application Example 13.
- the flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the piezoelectric element in one Embodiment of this invention.
- the perspective view which shows the piezoelectric element as one Embodiment of this invention.
- the perspective view which shows the knock sensor as one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an ultrasonic transducer as one embodiment of the present invention.
- the perspective view which shows the cutting tool as one Embodiment of this invention.
- the graph which shows the experimental result regarding the influence on the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic composition by a subphase ratio.
- the figure which shows the experimental result regarding the influence on the characteristic of a piezoelectric ceramic composition by the coefficient e of a parent phase composition formula The graph which shows the experimental result regarding the influence on the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic composition by the coefficient e of the matrix composition formula.
- the figure which shows the other experimental result regarding the influence on the characteristic of the piezoelectric ceramic composition by an addition metal The figure which shows the thermal cycle evaluation test result of a piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- a piezoelectric ceramic composition according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a lead-free piezoelectric element including a first crystal phase composed of a niobium / alkali tantalate perovskite oxide having piezoelectric characteristics and a second crystal phase not having piezoelectric characteristics. It is a porcelain composition.
- the proportion of the second crystal phase is more than 0 mol% and less than 20 mol%, and the balance is the first crystal phase.
- the first crystal phase is also referred to as “matrix phase”
- the second crystal phase is also referred to as “subphase”.
- the second crystal phase is a layered structure compound (or a layered compound), and when mixed with the first crystal phase, the sinterability is improved, and in addition, the insulating property is also improved. Further, it has a function of stabilizing the crystal structure of the first crystal phase and preventing a sudden change in characteristics due to the phase transition point between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C.
- the perovskite oxide that forms the first crystal phase it is preferable to use an alkali niobate perovskite oxide or an alkali tantalate perovskite oxide.
- the term “niobium / alkali tantalate-based perovskite oxide” is a general term for these two types of perovskite oxides.
- the alkaline component of the niobium / alkaline tantalate perovskite oxide contains at least an alkali metal (Li, Na, K, etc.), and an alkaline earth metal (Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), Ba (barium)). Etc.).
- a niobium / alkaline tantalate perovskite oxide those represented by the following composition formula are preferable.
- ⁇ Preferred first crystal phase composition formula> (K a Na b Li c C d ) e DO f
- the element C is at least one of alkaline earth metals Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), and Ba (barium)
- the element D is at least one of Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum).
- K potassium
- Na sodium
- Li lithium
- element C Ca, Sr, Ba
- element D Nb, Ta
- the niobium / tantalate alkali-based perovskite oxide contains at least one alkali metal (K, Na, Li) at the A site and may contain an alkaline earth metal (Ca, Sr, Ba).
- it is a perovskite oxide containing at least one of Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum) at the B site.
- the coefficients a and b of K (potassium) and Na (sodium) are typically 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.6 and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.6.
- the coefficient c of Li (lithium) may be zero, but 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2 is preferable, and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1 is more preferable.
- the coefficient d of the element C (Ca, Sr, Ba) may be zero, but is preferably 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, and more preferably 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05.
- the coefficient e for the entire A site is arbitrary, but typically 0.9 ⁇ e ⁇ 1.1, preferably 0.97 ⁇ e ⁇ 1.08, and 1.00 ⁇ e ⁇ 1.08. Is particularly preferred.
- the valence of K, Na, Li is +1
- the valence of element C (Ca, Sr, Ba)
- the valence of element D (Nb, Ta)
- the valence of O is +2.
- the coefficient f takes an arbitrary value such that the first crystal phase constitutes a perovskite oxide, and a typical value of the coefficient f is about 3. From the electrical neutralization conditions of the composition, the coefficients a to f can be expressed by the following equation (1).
- a typical composition of the first crystal phase is (K, Na, Li, Ca) 1.07 NbO 3.06 (coefficients a to d are omitted). Since this first crystal phase has K (potassium), Na (sodium), and Nb (niobium) as main metal components, the material composed of the first crystal phase is also referred to as “KNN” or “KNN material”. Call. As in this example, if Ca (calcium) is selected as the element C and Nb (niobium) is selected as the element D, a piezoelectric ceramic composition that is inexpensive and excellent in characteristics can be obtained.
- composition formula of second crystal phase A 1-x Ti 1-x B 1 + x O 5
- the element A is at least one of alkali metals (K (potassium), Rb (rubidium), Cs (cesium), etc.)
- the element B is at least one of Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum).
- x is an arbitrary value.
- the coefficient x preferably satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15. If the coefficient x takes a value within this range, the structure of the second crystal phase is stabilized and a uniform crystal phase can be obtained.
- the second crystal phase according to the composition formula examples include KTiNbO 5 , K 0.90 Ti 0.90 Nb 1.10 O 5 , K 0.85 Ti 0.85 Nb 1.15 O 5 , RbTiNbO 5 , Rb 0.90 Ti 0.90 Nb 1.10 O 5 , Rb 0.85 Ti 0.85 Nb 1.15 O 5 , CsTiNbO 5 , Cs 0.90 Ti 0.90 Nb 1.10 O 5 , KTiTaO 5 , CsTiTaO 5 and the like can be used.
- the coefficient x preferably satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15 when the element A is K (potassium) or Rb (rubidium).
- A is Cs (cesium)
- Nb niobium
- This second crystal phase does not have piezoelectric properties, but when it is mixed with the first crystal phase, it improves the sinterability and also improves the insulating properties. It also seems to contribute to the function of preventing a phase transition point from being generated between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C.
- the second crystal phase is a layered structure compound (or layered compound), and the point that it is a layered structure compound contributes to the improvement of the insulation of the piezoelectric ceramic composition and the function of preventing the phase transition point from being generated. It is estimated to be.
- the point that the second crystalline phase has a stable structure is disclosed in H. Rebbah et al., Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol.31, p.321-328, 1980. Are hereby incorporated by reference.
- the content ratio of the second crystal phase may be more than 0 mol% and less than 20 mol%, but is preferably more than 0 mol% and 15 mol% or less.
- a composition that does not contain the second crystal phase (a composition having only the first crystal phase) tends to have a sudden characteristic change between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C.
- the piezoelectric characteristics (particularly the piezoelectric constant d 33 ) may be lowered.
- a typical composition of the second crystalline phase is K 0.85 Ti 0.85 Nb 1.15 O 5 . Since this second crystal phase has Nb (niobium), Ti (titanium), and K (potassium) as main metal components, the material composed of the second crystal phase is also referred to as “NTK” or “NTK material”. Call.
- a crystal phase represented by A 1 Ti 3 B 1 O 9 is also used.
- the coefficient 1 is usually omitted, but in this specification, the difference from the crystal phase represented by A 1-x Ti 1-x B 1 + x O 5 described above is clarified. In order to do so, the coefficient 1 may be intentionally described.
- the crystal phase represented by A 1-x Ti 1-x B 1 + x O 5 is also referred to as “NTK1115 phase” or simply “1115 phase” and is represented by A 1 Ti 3 B 1 O 9 .
- the resulting crystal phase is also referred to as “NTK1319 phase” or simply “1319 phase”.
- the element A is at least one of alkali metals (K (potassium), Rb (rubidium), Cs (cesium), etc.), and the element B Is at least one of Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum).
- the second crystal phase represented by A 1 Ti 3 B 1 O 9 also does not have piezoelectric properties, but when mixed with the first crystal phase, it improves sinterability and also improves insulation. . It also seems to contribute to the function of preventing a phase transition point from being generated between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C.
- the content ratio of the second crystal phase represented by A 1 Ti 3 B 1 O 9 may be more than 0 mol% and less than 20 mol%, but is preferably more than 0 mol% and 15 mol% or less.
- a composition that does not contain the second crystal phase (a composition having only the first crystal phase) tends to have a sudden characteristic change between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C.
- the piezoelectric characteristics (particularly the piezoelectric constant d 33 ) may be lowered.
- the crystal phase represented by A 1-x Ti 1-x B 1 + x O 5 and the crystal phase represented by A 1 Ti 3 B 1 O 9 are both element A (alkali metal) and Ti ( Titanium) and element B (at least one of Nb and Ta) are common in that they are complex oxides.
- a complex oxide of element A, Ti (titanium), and element B is referred to as an “A-Ti—B—O-based complex oxide”.
- the second crystal phase includes an A—Ti—B—O-based composite oxide (element A is an alkali metal, element B is at least one of Nb and Ta, element A, element B, and Ti. It is possible to use any one whose content is not zero.
- it does not have piezoelectric characteristics by itself, and it improves the sinterability by mixing with the first crystal phase, and also improves the insulation, and also has a phase between -50 ° C and + 150 ° C. It is preferable to use an A—Ti—B—O-based composite oxide that does not cause a transition point.
- the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition as an embodiment of the present invention includes Cu (copper), Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Cr (chromium), Zr (zirconium), Ag You may make it contain the at least 1 sort (s) of metallic element in (silver), Zn (zinc), Sc (scandium), and Bi (bismuth). Even if these metal elements are added, it is possible to obtain a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent characteristics (particularly the piezoelectric constant d 33 ).
- the total content of these additive metals is preferably 5 mol% or less, and more preferably 1 mol% or less.
- the piezoelectric characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the content rate per 1 type of addition metal shall be less than 1 mol%. Even when the content ratio per kind of added metal exceeds 1 mol%, the piezoelectric characteristics may be deteriorated.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a piezoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- KNN matrix phase
- K 2 CO 3 powder, Na 2 CO 3 powder, Li 2 CO 3 powder, CaCO 3 powder, SrCO 3 powder, BaCO 3 powder, Nb 2 O 5 powder, Ta Necessary materials such as 2 O 5 powder are selected and weighed according to the values of coefficients a to e in the composition formula of the parent phase.
- ethanol is added to these raw material powders and wet-mixed preferably in a ball mill for 15 hours or longer to obtain a slurry.
- the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry is calcined at 600 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours, for example, in an air atmosphere to generate a mother phase calcined product.
- a necessary phase is selected from K 2 CO 3 powder, Rb 2 CO 3 powder, Cs 2 CO 3 powder, TiO 2 powder, Nb 2 O 3 powder, Ta 2 O 3 powder, etc. Weighing is performed according to the value of the coefficient x in the composition formula. Then, ethanol is added to these raw material powders and wet mixed in a ball mill, preferably for 15 hours or more, to obtain a slurry. In step T140, the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry is calcined, for example, at 600 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a calcined product, thereby generating a subphase calcined product.
- step T150 the mother phase calcined product and the subphase calcined product are weighed, and a ball mill is used to add a dispersant, a binder, and ethanol, and pulverize and mix to obtain a slurry.
- a ball mill is used to add a dispersant, a binder, and ethanol, and pulverize and mix to obtain a slurry.
- a typical piezoelectric ceramic shape suitable for the composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is a disk shape or a cylindrical shape.
- CIP processing cold isostatic pressing
- step T160 the obtained CIP press body is fired while being held at 900 to 1300 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours, for example, in an air atmosphere to obtain a piezoelectric ceramic. This firing may be performed in an O 2 atmosphere.
- step T170 the piezoelectric ceramic is processed according to the dimensional accuracy required for the piezoelectric element.
- an electrode is attached to the piezoelectric ceramic thus obtained, and polarization is performed in step T190.
- the added metal is added as a metal oxide, but the preferable content of the added metal described above is a value converted to mol% as a single metal.
- the additive metal is not a metal oxide containing only the additive metal, but an oxide CMO 3 containing an alkaline earth metal and an additive metal (the element C is at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba, and the element M is an additive metal).
- the first crystal phase (parent phase) and the second crystal phase (subphase) may be mixed.
- the element C (alkaline earth metal element) contained in the oxide CMO 3 as the third component is used as the element C in the first crystal phase in the fired piezoelectric ceramic.
- the above-described manufacturing method is an example, and various other processes and processing conditions for manufacturing a piezoelectric element can be used.
- the raw material instead of mixing and firing the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase separately in advance, the raw material is used in a quantitative ratio according to the composition of the final piezoelectric ceramic composition. You may make it manufacture a piezoelectric ceramic composition by mixing and baking.
- the composition of the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase can be more strictly managed, so that the yield of the piezoelectric ceramic composition can be increased.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a piezoelectric element as one embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric element 200 has a configuration in which electrodes 301 and 302 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a disk-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 100.
- electrodes 301 and 302 are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of a disk-shaped piezoelectric ceramic 100.
- FIG. 3A is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a knock sensor using a piezoelectric ceramic as one embodiment of the present invention.
- the knock sensor 1 is a so-called non-resonant knock sensor, and includes a metal shell 2, an insulating sleeve 3, insulating plates 4 and 5, a piezoelectric element 6, a characteristic adjusting weight 7, a washer 8, and a nut 9. And a housing 10.
- the metal shell 2 is composed of a cylindrical tube 2b through which a through hole 2a is provided, and a donut-shaped disk-shaped seat surface portion 2c protruding in a flange shape from the periphery of the lower end of the tube 2b. ing.
- a thread 2d is engraved on the upper portion of the cylindrical body 2b, and a groove 2e for enhancing adhesion to the housing 10 surrounds the outer periphery of the upper end portion of the cylindrical body 2b and the peripheral portion of the seat surface portion 2c. It is carved in.
- the portions 2a to 2d of the metal shell 2 are integrally formed using an appropriate manufacturing method (casting, forging, machining, etc.). Further, the surface of the metal shell 2 is subjected to a plating process (such as zinc chromate plating) in order to improve the corrosion resistance.
- the insulating sleeve 3 has a thin cylindrical shape and is formed of an insulating material (various plastic materials such as PET and PBT, rubber materials, etc.).
- Each of the insulating plates 4 and 5 has a thin donut-like disk shape and is formed of an insulating material (various plastic materials such as PET and PBT, rubber materials, etc.).
- the piezoelectric element 6 as the vibration detecting means has a piezoelectric ceramic 6c laminated between two thin plate electrodes 6a and 6b, and has a donut-like disk shape as a whole.
- the characteristic adjusting weight 7 has a donut-like disk shape, and is formed of a material having a predetermined density (various metal materials such as brass).
- An insulating sleeve 3 is fitted to the cylinder 2b of the metal shell 2, and an insulating plate 4, a piezoelectric element 6, an insulating plate 5, and a characteristic adjusting weight 7 are fitted to the insulating sleeve 3 in this order. Further, a nut 9 is screwed into a thread 2 d of the cylindrical body 2 b of the metal shell 2 via a washer 8.
- the insulating plate 4, the piezoelectric element 6, the insulating plate 5, the characteristic adjusting weight 7, and the washer 8 are sandwiched and fixed between the upper surface of the seating surface portion 2c of the metal shell 2 and the nut 9, respectively.
- a housing 10 is formed of an insulating material (various plastic materials such as PA) injection-molded so as to cover 8. Therefore, only the lower surface of the seating surface portion 2 c of the metal shell 2 is exposed from the lower end portion of the housing 10, and only the upper end of the cylindrical body 2 b of the metal shell 2 is exposed from the upper end portion of the housing 10.
- the periphery of the piezoelectric element 6 is surrounded by the insulating sleeve 3, the respective insulating plates 4, 5 and the housing 10, and the metal shell 2, the characteristic adjusting weight 7 and the piezoelectric element 6 are insulated.
- a lead wire (not shown) is connected to each electrode 6a, 6b of the piezoelectric element 6, and the lead wire is led out from the housing 10 to the outside.
- the knock sensor 1 is configured using the piezoelectric element 6 which has excellent piezoelectric characteristics and does not have a sudden characteristic change between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C., so that the knocking detection accuracy is high, and A knock sensor with excellent thermal durability can be realized.
- FIG. 3B is a longitudinal sectional view showing an ultrasonic transducer as one embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic transducer 20 is a Langevin type ultrasonic transducer, and includes a piezoelectric element pair 22, and a pair of upper and lower front plates 25 and a backing plate 26 that sandwich the piezoelectric element pair 22.
- the piezoelectric element pair 22 includes two piezoelectric elements 23a and 23b formed in an annular shape, with an electrode plate 24a interposed therebetween, and an electrode plate 24b disposed above the upper annular piezoelectric element 23b. Configured.
- the front plate 25 and the backing plate 26 are made of cylindrical metal blocks formed using iron or aluminum as a material.
- the piezoelectric element pair 22 is disposed between the front plate 25 and the backing plate 26, and these are integrally coupled by a central bolt 27.
- the front plate 25 and the backing plate 26 are both formed larger in diameter than the diameters of the piezoelectric elements 23 a and 23 b, and the contact ends with the piezoelectric elements 23 a and 23 b are reduced in diameter via the conical portions 28 and 29.
- the diameter of each of the piezoelectric elements 23a and 23b is substantially equal.
- the diameter R2 of the backing plate 26 and the diameter R1 of the front plate 25 are provided with substantially the same dimensions, and the outer end surface of the front plate 25 is an ultrasonic radiation surface 30. Further, a blind end hole 31 having a diameter R3 along the axial direction is formed at the center of the outer end surface of the backing plate 26.
- the total length of the ultrasonic transducer 20 having such a configuration is set so as to substantially match the resonance length of 3/2 wavelength of a predetermined resonance frequency.
- this ultrasonic transducer is composed of the piezoelectric elements 23a and 23b which have excellent piezoelectric characteristics and do not have a sudden change in characteristics between ⁇ 50 ° C. and + 150 ° C., ultrasonic waves can be generated at a stable frequency. It is possible to realize an ultrasonic vibrator that is capable of generating the heat and has excellent thermal durability.
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view showing a cutting tool as one embodiment of the present invention.
- This cutting tool 40 is configured by forming a grindstone portion 45 on the outer peripheral portion of a base 46 formed in a circular shape.
- a central portion of the base material 46 is fixed to the spindle 42 by an attachment jig 44.
- An annular piezoelectric element 43 is embedded on both surfaces of the base material 46.
- the vibration direction of the piezoelectric element 43 is a radial direction 47 from the center of the base material 46 toward the outer periphery.
- the workpiece can be cut by pressing the workpiece 42 against the grindstone portion 45 provided on the outer periphery of the base material 46 while the spindle 42 rotates in the rotation direction 48 while the piezoelectric element 43 vibrates. It is.
- This cutting tool is composed of the piezoelectric element 43 which has excellent piezoelectric characteristics and does not change suddenly between -50 ° C and + 150 ° C, thus realizing a cutting tool with excellent thermal durability. it can.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition and the piezoelectric element according to the embodiment of the present invention can be widely used for vibration detection applications, pressure detection applications, oscillation applications, piezoelectric device applications, and the like.
- sensors for detecting various vibrations knock sensors, combustion pressure sensors, etc.
- piezoelectric devices such as vibrators, actuators, filters, etc., high voltage generators, micro power supplies, various driving devices, position control devices, vibration suppression devices, It can be used for fluid discharge devices (such as paint discharge and fuel discharge).
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition and the piezoelectric element according to the embodiment of the present invention are particularly suitable for applications requiring excellent thermal durability (for example, a knock sensor and a combustion pressure sensor).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing experimental results relating to characteristics of a plurality of sample compositions including examples of the present invention. From this experimental result, it is possible to evaluate the influence of the subphase ratio on the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic composition. In addition, the type of sub-phase component element B (Nb, Ta) and the type of main phase component element C (Ca, Sr, Ba) can also be evaluated for their influence on the properties of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- Samples S01 to S04 in FIG. 4 are samples prepared as comparative examples.
- Samples S01 and S02 are composed of only the second crystal phase.
- each of K 2 CO 3 powder, Nb 2 O 5 powder, and TiO 2 powder is an amount whose coefficient x in the composition formula of the second crystal phase is shown in FIG. Weighed to achieve a ratio.
- ethanol was added to these powders and wet mixed in a ball mill for 15 hours to obtain a slurry.
- the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry was calcined at 600 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a calcined product.
- This calcined product was pulverized and mixed with a ball mill by adding a dispersant, a binder and ethanol to obtain a slurry. Thereafter, the slurry was dried, granulated, and uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 20 MPa, and formed into a disk shape (diameter 20 mm, thickness 2 mm). Thereafter, CIP treatment was performed at a pressure of 150 MPa, and the obtained CIP press body was fired by holding at 900 to 1300 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air atmosphere.
- Samples S03 and S04 are composed of only the first crystal phase.
- each of the K 2 CO 3 powder, Na 2 CO 3 powder, Li 2 CO 3 powder, and Nb 2 O 5 powder in the composition formula of the first crystal phase were weighed so that the quantitative ratio shown in FIG. 4 was obtained.
- Ethanol was added to these powders and wet mixed in a ball mill for 15 hours to obtain a slurry. Thereafter, the mixed powder obtained by drying the slurry was calcined at 600 to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air atmosphere to obtain a calcined product.
- This calcined product was pulverized and mixed with a ball mill by adding a dispersant, a binder and ethanol to obtain a slurry. Thereafter, the slurry was dried, granulated, and uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 20 MPa, and formed into a disk shape (diameter 20 mm, thickness 2 mm). Thereafter, CIP treatment was performed at a pressure of 150 MPa, and the obtained CIP press body was fired by holding at 900 to 1300 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours in an air atmosphere.
- Samples S05 to S15 are compositions containing both the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase. These samples S05 to S15 were prepared according to the above-described steps T110 to T160 of FIG. In addition, the shape after shaping
- Samples S01 and S02 composed only of the second crystal phase do not have piezoelectric characteristics. These two samples S01 and S02 have different values of the coefficient x of the composition formula of the second crystal phase, but there is no difference in the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 between them. Therefore, even in a piezoelectric ceramic composition containing both the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase, the influence of the coefficient x of the composition formula of the second crystal phase on the electrical characteristics and piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic composition is not affected. It is estimated to be small. In this sense, the coefficient x may be any value that provides a stable and uniform crystal phase as the second crystal phase.
- Samples S03 and S04 composed of only the first crystal phase have piezoelectric characteristics. These samples S03 and S04 are common in that they do not contain the element C (Ca, Sr, Ba). However, the sample S03 does not contain Li, whereas the sample S04 is different from each other in that it contains Li.
- the element D in the first crystal phase is Nb (niobium).
- Samples S03 and S04 are not significantly different in terms of electrical characteristics (relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 ) and piezoelectric characteristics (piezoelectric constant d 33 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kr). However, towards the sample S04 containing Li are preferable in that the piezoelectric constant d 33 is slightly larger than the sample S03 containing no Li. Considering this point, in the piezoelectric ceramic composition containing both the first crystal phase and the second crystal phase, it is preferable that the first crystal phase contains Li.
- Sample S05 is a composition obtained by adding 5 mol% of the second crystal phase to the first crystal phase.
- the first crystal phase does not contain the element C (Ca, Sr, Ba), and the coefficient x of the composition formula of the second crystal phase is zero.
- This sample S05 corresponds to a combination of the sample S01 and the sample S04.
- sample S05 has extremely large values of relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 and piezoelectric constant d 33, and has favorable characteristics as a piezoelectric ceramic composition. is doing.
- Sample S05 is also superior in that the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr is larger than that of sample S04.
- Samples S06 to S12 are compositions in which the subphase ratio is changed from 3 mol% to 20 mol%.
- the composition of the first crystal phase is (K 0.421 Na 0.518 Li 0.022 Ca 0.039 ) 1.07 NbO 3.06 .
- the composition of the second crystal phase is K 0.85 Ti 0.85 B 1.15 O 5 .
- the relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 of samples S06 to S12 is preferable in that it is sufficiently larger than that of sample S04 of the comparative example.
- the subphase ratio is preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mol%, more preferably in the range of 3 to 6 mol%.
- Samples S06 ⁇ S11 are also preferred because sufficiently large compared to the sample S04 of the piezoelectric constant d 33 is a comparative example.
- Sample S12 subphase proportion is 20 mol% is not preferable in terms piezoelectric constant d 33 is smaller than the sample S04 of Comparative Example.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the piezoelectric constant d 33 for samples S06 to S12.
- the horizontal axis is a sub-phase fraction, and the vertical axis represents the piezoelectric constant d 33.
- the subphase ratio is preferably in the range of 3 to 15 mol%, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mol%, and in the range of 4 to 6 mol%. Most preferred.
- the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr (FIG. 4) of samples S06 to S11 is equal to or greater than that of sample S04 of the comparative example, and any of them is preferable.
- Sample S12 having a subphase ratio of 20 mol% is not preferable in that the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr is considerably smaller than that of sample S04 of the comparative example.
- the subphase ratio is preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mol%, and more preferably in the range of 4 to 6 mol%.
- Sample S05 and Sample S08 are common in that the subphase ratio is 5 mol%.
- the major difference between the two is that the first crystal phase of sample S05 does not contain element C (Ca, Sr, Ba) at all, whereas the first crystal phase of sample S08 contains Ca (calcium) as element C. It is a point.
- the values of the coefficient x in the composition formula of the second crystal phase are different in the samples S05 and S08, the influence of the difference in the value of the coefficient x on the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic composition as discussed with respect to the samples S01 and S02. Is estimated to be relatively small.
- the sample S08 in which the first crystal phase contains Ca has a relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 , a piezoelectric constant d 33, and an electromechanical coupling coefficient kr. Both are excellent. Therefore, the first crystal phase preferably contains Ca as the component element C. Similarly, the same effect can be expected when other alkaline earth elements (Sr, Ba, etc.) are contained as the component element C.
- piezoelectric constant d 33 is suitable for a capacitor.
- the compositions piezoelectric constant d 33 is large, is suitable for the actuator or sensor.
- a composition having a large electromechanical coupling coefficient kr is suitable for a piezoelectric transformer or an actuator.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition suitable for each application is determined according to the characteristics required according to the application.
- Samples S13 and S14 in FIG. 4 are samples for mainly examining the influence of the element B (Nb, Ta) in the second crystal phase. These are not significantly different in any of relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 , piezoelectric constant d 33, and electromechanical coupling coefficient kr. Therefore, it can be understood that both Nb and Ta are preferable as the element B.
- Sample S14 has a composition close to that of sample S08. That is, both differ mainly in the amount of Ca as the component element C of the first crystal phase, and only the amounts of K and Na differ accordingly, and the other compositions are almost the same. Comparing the two characteristics, the sample S14 with more Ca is preferable with respect to the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 , but the sample S08 with less Ca with respect to the piezoelectric constant d 33 and the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr. Is preferred.
- Sample S15 uses Ca and Sr in equal amounts (same at%) as component elements C of the first crystal phase, and has a composition close to that of sample S08 in other respects.
- Sample S15 is slightly inferior to sample S08 in terms of relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 , piezoelectric constant d 33, and electromechanical coupling coefficient kr.
- the sample S15 is preferable in that the relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 and the piezoelectric constant d 33 are sufficiently larger than the sample S04 of the comparative example.
- a preferable composition can be obtained by using any of Ca and Sr, which are alkaline earth metals, as the component element C of the first crystal phase.
- FIG. 6 shows the Curie point and the evaluation test results regarding the presence or absence of the room temperature phase transition for the same samples S01 to S15 as in FIG.
- Samples S05 to S15 have a Curie point in the range of 300 to 350 ° C.
- the Curie point of the piezoelectric ceramic composition is sufficient if it is 300 ° C. or higher. Therefore, all of the samples S05 to S15 have a sufficiently high Curie point. Since the Curie point is mainly determined according to the characteristics of the first crystal phase, it is estimated that the Curie point of the entire piezoelectric ceramic composition does not vary so much even if the composition of the subphase and the subphase ratio change slightly. Is done.
- the samples S05 to S12 and S14 to S15 using Nb as the component element B of the second crystal phase have higher Curie points than the sample S13 using Ta. Therefore, with respect to the Curie point, it is preferable to use Nb rather than Ta as the component element B of the second crystal phase.
- the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 was measured while gradually changing the environmental temperature in the range of ⁇ 50 ° C. to + 150 ° C.
- a piezoelectric ceramic composition having a phase transition within a certain temperature range exhibits an abrupt change in which the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 has a clear peak according to the temperature change within the range.
- a clear peak does not appear in the change in the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 , and the change is gradual. Therefore, regarding the samples S03 to S15 in FIG.
- room temperature here means a temperature range wider than the normal room temperature (25 ° C.).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an experimental result regarding the influence of the coefficient e of the composition formula of the matrix on the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- Samples S21 to S27 have the same coefficients a to d among the coefficients a to f of the composition formula of the first crystal phase, but have different coefficients e (the number of alkaline elements at the A site).
- the alkaline earth metal (element C in the composition formula) contained in the first crystal phase is Ca (calcium).
- the subphase ratios of Samples S21 to S27 are all 5 mol%.
- Sample S21 has a coefficient x of the composition formula of the second crystal phase of zero, and other samples S22 to S27 all have a coefficient x of 0.15. However, as described above, the influence on the characteristics due to the difference in the coefficient x is small.
- the sample S25 is the same as the sample S14 shown in FIG.
- the relative dielectric constants ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 of the samples S21 to S27 are all preferable in that they are sufficiently larger than the sample S04 of the comparative example.
- the value of the coefficient e in the composition formula of the first crystal phase is preferably in the range of 0.97 to 1.1, and more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 1.1.
- piezoelectric constant d 33 is greater than the sample S04 of Comparative Example preferred.
- large sample S26, S27 than the coefficient e is 1.08 is not preferable in terms piezoelectric constant d 33 is smaller than the sample S04 of Comparative Example.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the value of the piezoelectric constant d 33 for samples S21 to S27.
- the horizontal axis represents the value of the coefficient e in the composition formula of the first crystal phase.
- the coefficient e indicates the ratio between the sum of the number of atoms of the alkali metal element (K + Na + Li) and the alkaline earth metal element (element C in the composition formula) and the number of atoms of Nb (niobium).
- the value of the coefficient e of the composition formula of the first crystal phase is preferably in the range of 0.97 to 1.08, and in the range of 1.00 to 1.07. Is more preferable.
- the samples S26 and S27 are not preferable because the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr is smaller than the sample S04 of the comparative example.
- the value of the coefficient e in the composition formula of the first crystal phase is preferably in the range of 0.97 to 1.08, and more preferably in the range of 1.00 to 1.07.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing experimental results regarding the influence of the additive metal on the properties of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- Sample S31 is also a comparative example composed of only the first crystal phase, and contains 1 mol% of Cu as an additive metal.
- This sample S31 has a relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 smaller than that of the sample S04, but the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr shows a larger value than that of the sample S04.
- Samples S32 to S43 are all compositions containing 5 mol% of the second crystal phase. Of the coefficients a to f in the composition formula of the first crystal phase, the coefficients a and b are slightly different for each sample, but the other coefficients c to f are almost constant values.
- the sample S32 is the same as the sample S08 described with reference to FIG. 4 and does not contain an additive metal.
- the content of the additive metal is preferably less than 1 mol% for one kind of additive metal. Moreover, it is preferable that the sum total of the content rate of an additional metal shall be 5 mol% or less. It is not preferable to add an additive metal in an amount larger than this, since the relative dielectric constant ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 and the piezoelectric constant d 33 may decrease instead.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing experimental results regarding the influence of the presence or absence of a subphase on the insulation properties of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- measured values of the applicable voltage are shown for the samples S03, S04, S08 described in FIG. 4 and the sample S35 described in FIG.
- the “applicable voltage” means the maximum applied voltage at which no breakage such as a crack occurs in the piezoelectric ceramic 100 when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element 200 of each sample.
- a voltage was applied for 30 minutes in an environment of 80 ° C., and it was examined whether or not the piezoelectric ceramic 100 was broken such as a crack. This applicable voltage can be considered to indicate the insulation properties of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- the applicable voltages of the samples S03 and S04 having no subphase were 3 kV / mm, and the applicable voltages of the samples S08 and S35 containing 5 mol% of the subphase were 7 kV / mm and 9 kV / mm. From this experimental result, it can be understood that the insulation property of the piezoelectric ceramic composition is improved by allowing a structurally stable subphase (second crystal phase) to coexist with the first crystal phase.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an analysis result of the second crystal phase in the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- the first four samples S06, S08, S10, and S12 are the same as the piezoelectric ceramic compositions of these sample numbers shown in FIG.
- Samples S33, S35, S36, S40, and S42 are the same as the piezoelectric ceramic compositions of these sample numbers shown in FIG.
- These nine samples were subjected to XRD analysis (X-ray diffraction) and TEM-EDS analysis (energy dispersive X-ray analysis using a transmission electron microscope) to analyze the secondary phase (NTK phase).
- the composition of the subphase can be usually confirmed by X-ray diffraction, but when the addition amount or the production amount is small, it can be confirmed by a technique such as TEM-EDS.
- the two columns at the right end of FIG. 11 show the analysis results.
- “1115” means 1115 phase (KTiNbO 5 phase)
- “1319” means 1319 phase (KTi 3 NbO 9 phase).
- the subphase of the piezoelectric ceramic composition is composed of only the 1115 phase, the case where it is composed of only the 1319 phase, and the case where the 1115 phase and the 1319 phase are mixed. It may be the case.
- an additive metal it can be understood that a 1319 phase is often formed as a subphase.
- the samples described in FIGS. 3 to 9 including the nine samples in FIG. 11 are all manufactured using the subphase material prepared as the 1115 phase in the manufacturing process. That is, a subphase material that is a 1115 phase is prepared in steps T130 and T140 of FIG. 1, and this subphase material is mixed with a parent phase material in step T150, and then manufactured by firing in step T160. Therefore, the 1319 phase in the subphase of each sample in FIG. 11 is estimated to have been converted from the 1115 phase during the firing in step T160. As described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 9, the sample shown in FIG.
- 11 has either an electrical characteristic (relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 ) or a piezoelectric characteristic (piezoelectric constant d 33 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kr). Also shows excellent characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a piezoelectric ceramic composition having excellent characteristics regardless of whether the subphase after firing is the 1115 phase or the 1319 phase.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an analysis result of a piezoelectric ceramic composition prepared by mixing a subphase material prepared as a 1319 phase with a matrix material.
- Sample S51 has a subphase ratio of 3 mol%, and other samples S52 to S57 have a subphase ratio of 5 mol%.
- no additive metal is added, but in other samples S53 to S57, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and the like are added as additive metals.
- a subphase material that is a 1319 phase was prepared in steps T130 and T140 of FIG. 1, and this subphase material was mixed with a matrix material in step T150, and then manufactured by firing in step T160.
- these samples S51 to S57 are similar to the samples S35 and S36 (see FIG. 9) in FIG. 11 in terms of electrical characteristics (relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 ) and piezoelectric characteristics (piezoelectric constant d 33 and electrical constant).
- the mechanical coupling coefficient kr showed excellent characteristics (not shown).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the results of experiments conducted on samples S61 to S81 different from samples S32 to S43 shown in FIG. 9 with respect to the influence of the added metal on the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- the characteristics of the samples S04 and S31 as comparative examples shown in FIG. 9 are shown again.
- Each sample was manufactured using a second crystal phase prepared as the 1115 phase.
- Samples S61 to S80 in FIG. 13 all contain 5 mol% of the second crystal phase, and sample S81 does not contain the second crystal phase.
- the samples other than the samples S69, S72, and S76 contain two kinds of Ca, Sr, and Ba as the element C of the first crystal phase.
- the columns of the elements C1 and C2 in the first crystal phase column indicate these two elements.
- the columns of coefficients d1 and d2 are coefficients of elements C1 and C2.
- the composition was not sufficiently densified in the baking of step T160 in FIG.
- the reason for this is presumed that for sample S80, the coefficient e for the entire A site is 1.12 and the value of this coefficient e is too large.
- the sample S79 having a coefficient e of 1.09 and the sample S78 having a coefficient e of 0.98 have electrical characteristics (relative permittivity ⁇ 33 T / ⁇ 0 ) and piezoelectric characteristics (piezoelectric constant d 33 and electrical constant).
- the mechanical coupling coefficient kr exhibits excellent characteristics.
- the value of the coefficient e in the composition formula of the first crystal phase is preferably in the range of 0.97 to 1.10. A range of 00 to 1.09 is more preferable.
- the additive metals include Cu (copper), Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zr (zirconium), Ag (silver). , Zn (zinc), Sc (scandium), Bi (bismuth) containing at least one metal element, the piezoelectric ceramic composition having sufficiently good characteristics as compared with the comparative samples S04 and S31 Obtainable. Also, when Cr (chromium) is added, it can be expected that the same characteristics as when Mn (manganese) is added are obtained.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the thermal cycle evaluation test results of the piezoelectric ceramic composition.
- tests were performed on the three samples S04, S31, and S32 shown in FIG. 9 and the eight samples S61 to S65 and S67 to S69 shown in FIG.
- the thermal cycle evaluation test the sample was first placed in a thermostatic chamber, and the piezoelectric characteristics at room temperature were evaluated (the column of “initial value” of the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr in FIG. 14). Thereafter, the heat cycle was repeated at ⁇ 50 ° C., 150 ° C., 20 ° C., 150 ° C., and 20 ° C. at a rate of 2 ° C./min. The holding time at each temperature at this time was 1 hour. Each time, the piezoelectric properties were evaluated again at room temperature (in the column “After thermal cycle”).
- the rate of decrease of the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr after the thermal cycle is about 70%, indicating a large rate of decrease.
- the decrease rate of the electromechanical coupling coefficient kr after the thermal cycle is in the range of about 10% to about 26%, which is sufficiently small. It was a good value.
- the piezoelectric ceramic composition containing the second crystal phase is not excessively deteriorated in characteristics even when subjected to a thermal cycle. Therefore, applications that require excellent thermal durability (for example, knock sensor and combustion) Suitable for pressure sensors and the like.
- Housing 20 Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 22 ⁇ Piezoelectric element pair 23a, 23b ⁇ Piezoelectric elements 24a and 24b ⁇ Electrode plate 25 ⁇ Front plate 26 ⁇ Back plate 27, center bolt 28, 29, conical part 30, ultrasonic radiation surface 31, blind end hole 40 ... ultrasonic cutting tool 42 ... spindle 43 ... piezoelectric element 44 ... mounting jig 45 ... grinding wheel part 46 ... base material 47 ... Arrow indicating vibration direction 48... Arrow 100 indicating spindle rotation direction, piezoelectric ceramic 200, piezoelectric elements 301, 302, electrode
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Abstract
Description
無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
圧電特性を有するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物からなる第1結晶相と、
A-Ti-B-O系複合酸化物(元素Aはアルカリ金属、元素BはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種、元素Aと元素BとTiの含有量はいずれもゼロで無い)で構成される第2結晶相と、
を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成によれば、第1結晶相のみで構成された組成物よりも圧電特性に優れており、かつ、-50℃~+150℃の間において急激な特性の変動がない無鉛圧電磁器組成物を提供することができる。
適用例1に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相は、A1-xTi1-xB1+xO5 で表される結晶相と、A1Ti3B1O9 で表される結晶相と、のうちの少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成によれば、これらの第2結晶相は優れた圧電特性を有するので、圧電特性に優れており、かつ、-50℃~+150℃の間において急激な特性の変動がない無鉛圧電磁器組成物を提供することができる。
適用例2記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相は、A1-xTi1-xB1+xO5 で表される結晶相であることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成によれば、第1結晶相のみで構成された組成物よりも圧電特性に優れており、かつ、-50℃~+150℃の間において急激な特性の変動がない無鉛圧電磁器組成物を提供することができる。
適用例3に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記xが、0≦x≦0.15を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成において無鉛圧電磁器組成物全体として優れた圧電特性が得られる。この構成では、第2結晶相が安定なものとなるので、無鉛圧電磁器組成物全体としても安定した組成物を提供することができ、加えて無鉛圧電磁器組成物の絶縁性も向上させることができる。
適用例4に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Aが、Kであることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成では、安価で圧電特性に優れた組成物を得ることができる。
適用例4に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Aが、Csであり、
前記xが、0≦x≦0.1を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成では、第2結晶相がより安定なものとなるので、この構成において無鉛圧電磁器組成物全体として優れた圧電特性が得られる。無鉛圧電磁器組成物全体としてもより安定した組成物を提供することができ、加えて無鉛圧電磁器組成物の絶縁性も向上させることができる。
適用例1~6のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Bが、Nbであることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成では、安価で耐熱性に優れた組成物を得ることができる。また、元素BがTaである場合と比べて、キュリー温度(Tc)が高い組成物を得ることもできる。
適用例1~7のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相の含有割合は、0モル%を超え15モル%以下であることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成では、高い圧電定数を有する無鉛圧電磁器組成物を得ることができる。
適用例1~8のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第1結晶相を形成するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物は、アルカリ土類金属を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成でも、圧電特性に優れた組成物を得ることができる。
適用例9に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第1結晶相を形成するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物は、組成式(KaNabLicCd)eDOf (元素Cはアルカリ土類金属であるCa,Sr,Baのうちの少なくとも1種、元素DはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種、a,b,c,dはa+b+c+d=1を満たし、e,fは任意)で表されることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この第1結晶相と第2結晶相とを含む無鉛圧電磁器組成物は、優れた絶縁性ならびに圧電特性を示すものとなる。
適用例10に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記eが、0.97≦e≦1.08を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この構成では、圧電特性がさらに優れた無鉛圧電磁器組成物を得ることができる。
適用例1~11のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、さらに、
Cu,Ni,Co,Fe,Mn,Cr,Zr,Ag,Zn,Sc,Biのうちの少なくとも一種の金属元素を含有することを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。
この場合にも、優れた圧電特性を有する無鉛圧電磁器組成物を得ることができる。
適用例1~12のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物で形成された圧電磁器と、
前記圧電磁器に取り付けられた電極と、
を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子。
適用例13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とするノックセンサ。
適用例13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とする超音波振動子。
適用例13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とする切削工具。
適用例1~12のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法であって、
前記第1結晶相の原料を混合し、仮焼して第1の粉末を作成する工程と、
前記第2結晶相の原料を混合し、仮焼して第2の粉末を作成する工程と、
前記第1と第2の粉末を混合し、成形し、焼成することによって、前記無鉛圧電磁器組成物を生成する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法。
この製造方法によれば、第1結晶相と第2結晶相を別個に生成するので、それぞれの組成をより厳密に管理することができる。この結果、無鉛圧電磁器組成物の歩留まりを向上させることができる。
(KaNabLicCd)eDOf
ここで、元素Cはアルカリ土類金属であるCa(カルシウム),Sr(ストロンチウム),Ba(バリウム)のうちの少なくとも1種、元素DはNb(ニオブ)とTa(タンタル)のうち少なくとも1種、a,b,c,dはa+b+c+d=1を満たし、e,fは任意の値である。
<好ましい第2結晶相の組成式>
A1-xTi1-xB1+xO5
ここで、元素Aはアルカリ金属(K(カリウム),Rb(ルビジウム),Cs(セシウム)等)のうちの少なくとも1種であり、元素BはNb(ニオブ)とTa(タンタル)のうちの少なくとも1種であり、xは任意の値である。但し、係数xは、0≦x≦0.15を満たすことが好ましい。係数xがこの範囲の値を取れば、第2結晶相の構造が安定し、均一な結晶相を得ることができる。
6とは絶縁されている。尚、圧電素子6の各電極6a,6bにはリード線(図示略)が接続され、当該リード線はハウジング10から外部へ導出されている。
2…主体金具
2a…透孔
2b…筒体
2c…座面部分
2d…ネジ山
2e…溝
3…絶縁スリーブ
4…絶縁板
5…絶縁板
6…圧電素子
6a…電極
6b…電極
6c…圧電磁器
7…特性調整用ウェイト
8…ワッシャ
9…ナット
10…ハウジング
20・ランジュバン型超音波振動子
22・圧電素子対
23a,23b・圧電素子
24a,24b・電極版
25・前面板
26・裏打板
27・中心ボルト
28,29・円錐部
30・超音波放射面
31・盲端孔
40…超音波切削工具
42…スピンドル
43…圧電素子
44…取り付け冶具
45…砥石部
46…基材
47…振動方向を示す矢印
48…スピンドルの回転方向を示す矢印
100・圧電磁器
200・圧電素子
301,302・電極
Claims (17)
- 無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
圧電特性を有するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物からなる第1結晶相と、
A-Ti-B-O系複合酸化物(元素Aはアルカリ金属、元素BはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種、元素Aと元素BとTiの含有量はいずれもゼロで無い)で構成される第2結晶相と、
を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相は、A1-xTi1-xB1+xO5 で表される結晶相と、A1Ti3B1O9 で表される結晶相と、のうちの少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項2に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相は、A1-xTi1-xB1+xO5 で表される結晶相であることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項3に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記xが、0≦x≦0.15を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項4に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Aが、Kであることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項4に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Aが、Csであり、
前記xが、0≦x≦0.1を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記元素Bが、Nbであることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第2結晶相の含有割合は、0モル%を超え15モル%以下であることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第1結晶相を形成するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物は、アルカリ土類金属を含むことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項9に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記第1結晶相を形成するニオブ/タンタル酸アルカリ系ペロブスカイト酸化物は、組成式(KaNabLicCd)eDOf (元素Cはアルカリ土類金属であるCa,Sr,Baのうちの少なくとも1種、元素DはNbとTaのうちの少なくとも1種、a,b,c,dはa+b+c+d=1を満たし、e,fは任意)で表されることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項10に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、
前記eが、0.97≦e≦1.08を満たすことを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物であって、さらに、
Cu,Ni,Co,Fe,Mn,Cr,Zr,Ag,Zn,Sc,Biのうちの少なくとも一種の金属元素を含有することを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物。 - 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物で形成された圧電磁器と、
前記圧電磁器に取り付けられた電極と、
を備えることを特徴とする圧電素子。 - 請求項13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とするノックセンサ。
- 請求項13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とする超音波振動子。
- 請求項13に記載の圧電素子を備えることを特徴とする切削工具。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法であって、
前記第1結晶相の原料を混合し、仮焼して第1の粉末を作成する工程と、
前記第2結晶相の原料を混合し、仮焼して第2の粉末を作成する工程と、
前記第1と第2の粉末を混合し、成形し、焼成することによって、前記無鉛圧電磁器組成物を生成する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする無鉛圧電磁器組成物の製造方法。
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Also Published As
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KR20120127626A (ko) | 2012-11-22 |
JP5723959B2 (ja) | 2015-05-27 |
MY162456A (en) | 2017-06-15 |
US20120146462A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
TW201132611A (en) | 2011-10-01 |
EP2530060B1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
TWI432396B (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
EP2530060A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US9006959B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
EP2530060A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
JP2014111529A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
JPWO2011093021A1 (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
JP5647120B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
KR101409662B1 (ko) | 2014-06-18 |
CN102725245B (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
CN102725245A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
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