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WO2022205076A1 - 电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205076A1
WO2022205076A1 PCT/CN2021/084428 CN2021084428W WO2022205076A1 WO 2022205076 A1 WO2022205076 A1 WO 2022205076A1 CN 2021084428 W CN2021084428 W CN 2021084428W WO 2022205076 A1 WO2022205076 A1 WO 2022205076A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
battery
relief mechanism
thermal management
support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084428
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨飘飘
陈小波
李耀
黎贤达
岳金如
顾明光
胡璐
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023547157A priority Critical patent/JP2024505294A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084428 priority patent/WO2022205076A1/zh
Priority to EP21754878.3A priority patent/EP4095963A1/en
Priority to CN202180000893.8A priority patent/CN115485895B/zh
Priority to KR1020237025808A priority patent/KR20230128067A/ko
Priority to US17/462,655 priority patent/US20220320673A1/en
Publication of WO2022205076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205076A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/673—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
    • H01M50/682—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor accommodated in battery or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing a battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing a battery, which can enhance the safety of the battery.
  • a battery comprising: a battery cell, the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is provided on a first wall of the battery cell, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for actuated to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value; a thermal management member for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell, a first of the thermal management member a surface attached to the first wall; a support disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, the support configured to support the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to The pressure relief mechanism is opened by a predetermined angle so that the discharge of the battery cells can be discharged toward the thermal management part.
  • the support member when the pressure relief mechanism is braked, the support member can support the pressure relief mechanism and prevent the pressure relief mechanism from being fully opened, so that the pressure relief mechanism can be opened at a predetermined angle , the discharge of the battery cell can be directed to discharge toward the thermal management component containing the fluid through the opening at a predetermined angle opened by the pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge of the battery cell can contact the thermal management component, so that the thermal management component can Cool down the discharge of the battery cells.
  • Setting a gap between the support and the pressure relief mechanism can provide an open space for the pressure relief mechanism to brake, so that the pressure relief mechanism can be braked smoothly, and the discharge of the battery cells can be smoothly discharged from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided with a weak area and a connection area, and the weak area and the connection area form an annular shape, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism can be The weak area is ruptured and opened to a predetermined angle.
  • a weak area and a connection area are arranged on the pressure relief area, and the weak area and the connection area form an annular shape, and when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism can be ruptured at the weak area and open to a predetermined angle relative to the connection area, Therefore, the discharge of the battery cell can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, the danger of the discharge is reduced, and the safety of the battery is improved.
  • the orthographic projection of the farthest point in the weak area on the first surface is staggered from the orthographic projection of the support on the first surface, and the farthest point is the The point on the weak area that is farthest from the connection area.
  • the orthographic projection of the farthest point in the weak area on the first surface is staggered from the orthographic projection of the support on the first surface, which can ensure that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism breaks at the weak area, and the weak
  • the area can be opened to a large enough angle, so that the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism has a large enough contact area with the thermal management components, and the cooling effect is better.
  • the weak area can be opened to a large enough angle, which can reduce the problem of further thermal runaway of the battery cells caused by the untimely discharge of emissions caused by the small opening angle of the weak area.
  • the extension direction of the support member is parallel to the extension direction of the connection area, and the extension direction of the connection area is from the end of the connection area connected with the weak area to the connection area and the connection area.
  • the direction of the other end where the weak area is connected, the extending direction of the support is the length direction of the support.
  • the weakened area may be a score.
  • the shape of the score includes at least one of the following: "C” shape, "Z” shape and "S” shape.
  • the structure of the support is an elongated structure.
  • the support is set as a long strip structure, which is simple in implementation and low in cost.
  • the width of the middle region of the elongated structure is greater than the width of the two end regions of the elongated structure.
  • a pressure relief hole is provided on the thermal management component, the pressure relief hole is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief hole is configured to discharge the exhaust.
  • the discharge of the battery cell can pass through the thermal management component and be discharged toward the side away from the battery cell, reducing the It reduces the risk of emissions and improves the safety of the battery.
  • the support member covers part of the pressure relief hole, and the area of the support member covering the pressure relief hole is less than or equal to 30% of the area of the pressure relief hole.
  • the support member is disposed in the pressure relief hole.
  • the space in the pressure relief hole can be fully utilized, the structure of the battery is compact, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
  • the structure of the support is a hollow structure, the support contains a fluid, the support is configured to be broken by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that all the The fluid in the support is drained to reduce the temperature of the discharge of the battery cells.
  • the support member is set as a hollow structure, and the fluid is contained in the support member, so that when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the support member can be easily damaged by the discharge, so that the fluid in the support member is discharged, and the temperature of the battery cell is achieved. the goal of.
  • a plurality of the pressure relief holes are disposed opposite to one of the support members.
  • the plurality of pressure relief holes on the thermal management component are arranged oppositely to a support member, which is simple to implement and low in cost.
  • the support has a melting point below 600°C.
  • the thermal management component is configured to be disruptable by the exhaust discharged at the predetermined angle when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, such that the fluid within the thermal management component escapes from all the internal exhaust of the thermal management components.
  • the thermal management component can be damaged by the discharge of the battery cells discharged at a predetermined angle to allow fluid within the thermal management component to drain from the interior of the thermal management component to cool the battery cells.
  • the thermal management component is provided with a temperature-sensitive material, the temperature-sensitive material being configured to be melted by the discharge discharged at the predetermined angle when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the The fluid is discharged from the interior of the thermal management component.
  • the temperature-sensitive material on the thermal management component can be melted by the discharge discharged at a predetermined angle during the pressure relief mechanism, so that the thermal management component can be more easily destroyed, and the fluid can escape from the pressure.
  • the interior of the thermal management component is vented to cool the battery cells quickly.
  • the temperature-sensitive material is disposed on an area of the thermal management component facing the emissions discharged at the predetermined angle.
  • the thermal management member By arranging a temperature-sensitive material on an area of the thermal management member facing the emissions discharged at a predetermined angle, the thermal management member can be more easily damaged by the emissions.
  • an electrical device including the battery according to the first aspect.
  • a method for preparing a battery including: providing a battery cell, the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is provided on a first wall of the battery cell, and the pressure relief mechanism is provided.
  • a pressure mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value;
  • a thermal management component is provided for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell, the thermal A first surface of the management member is attached to the first wall;
  • a support member is provided, the support member is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, the support member is configured to support the pressure relief mechanism when actuated
  • the pressure relief mechanism is opened so that the pressure relief mechanism is opened by a predetermined angle, so that the discharge of the battery cells can be discharged toward the thermal management part.
  • an apparatus for preparing a battery including: providing a module for: providing a battery cell, wherein the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is provided on the first part of the battery cell a wall, the pressure relief mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cells when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold value; providing thermal management means for containing fluid to supply the battery cells regulating temperature, the first surface of the thermal management component is attached to the first wall; providing a support member disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, the support member configured to relieve the pressure The pressure relief mechanism is supported when the mechanism is actuated to open the pressure relief mechanism to a predetermined angle so that the discharge of the battery cells can be discharged toward the thermal management component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure relief mechanism disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another pressure relief mechanism disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another pressure relief mechanism disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a battery disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a pressure relief mechanism on a first surface of a thermal management component disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of another pressure relief mechanism disclosed in some embodiments of the present application on the first surface of the thermal management component;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of yet another pressure relief mechanism disclosed in some embodiments of the present application on the first surface of the thermal management component;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another battery disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a support member disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management component disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery disclosed in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of part A of the battery shown in FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic exploded view of the structure of the thermal management component shown in Fig. 19;
  • 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination of a support member and a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the application;
  • 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another combination of a support member and a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 24 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” refers to two or more sheets (includes two pieces).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square-shaped battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is not coated.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer was used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the main safety hazard comes from the charging and discharging process, as well as appropriate ambient temperature design.
  • the protection measures include at least switch elements, selection of appropriate isolation diaphragm materials and pressure relief mechanisms.
  • the switching element refers to an element that can stop the charging or discharging of the battery when the temperature or resistance in the battery cell reaches a certain threshold.
  • the separator is used to separate the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. When the temperature rises to a certain value, the micro-scale (or even nano-scale) micropores attached to it can be automatically dissolved, so that the metal ions cannot pass through the separator and terminate the battery. Internal reactions of monomers.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is actuated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements.
  • the threshold value may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold When the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is damaged, an opening or channel for releasing the internal pressure or temperature is formed.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism is actuated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell can be released.
  • Actions produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism being ruptured, shattered, torn or opened, and the like.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit, overcharge, etc. occurs, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden rise in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding and catching fire.
  • the main focus is to release the high pressure and high heat inside the battery cell, that is, to discharge the exhaust to the outside of the battery cell.
  • a plurality of battery cells are often required, and the plurality of battery cells are electrically connected through a busbar. Emissions discharged from the inside of the battery cells may cause short-circuits in the remaining battery cells. For example, when the discharged metal scraps electrically connect the two bus components, the batteries will be short-circuited, thus posing a safety hazard.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure discharge is discharged toward the direction in which the pressure relief mechanism is provided in the battery cell, and may be discharged in the direction toward the area where the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the power and destructive power of such discharge may be very large, It may even be enough to break through one or more structures in that direction, creating further safety concerns.
  • the present application provides a technical solution.
  • the support member can support the pressure relief mechanism and prevent the pressure relief mechanism from being fully opened, so that the pressure relief mechanism can be fully opened.
  • the mechanism is opened to a predetermined angle, and the discharge of the battery cell can be discharged through the predetermined angle of the opening opened by the pressure relief mechanism, oriented toward the thermal management component containing the fluid, so that the discharge of the battery cell can contact the thermal management component, even Destruction of the thermal management component causes the fluid to flow out of the thermal management component, cools the discharge of the battery cell, reduces the risk of the discharge, and further improves the safety of the battery.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships, and spacecraft.
  • the spacecraft includes Planes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 may be provided with a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom of the vehicle 1 or at the front or rear of the vehicle.
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for the starting, navigation and operation power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 in place of or partially in place of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • a battery can also be called a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells can also be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, a plurality of battery cells can directly form a battery, or a battery module can be formed first, and then the battery module can be formed into a battery.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may further include a box body (or a cover body), the inside of the box body is a hollow structure, and the plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body.
  • the box body may include two parts, which are referred to as the first part 111 and the second part 112 respectively, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the plurality of battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be a hollow cuboid and each has only one surface that is an open surface, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked with each other Combined to form a box with a closed chamber.
  • only one of the first portion 111 and the second portion 112 may be a hollow cuboid with an opening, and the other may be a plate shape to cover the opening.
  • the second part 112 is a hollow cuboid with only one face as an open surface
  • the first part 111 is plate-shaped as an example
  • the first part 111 is covered at the opening of the second part 112 to form a box with a closed cavity
  • the chamber can be used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in a mixed connection and then placed in the box formed by the first part 111 and the second part 112 being fastened together.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bussing component for realizing electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 20, such as parallel or series or hybrid.
  • the bus member may realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 by welding. The electrical energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the case through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conducting means may also belong to the bussing member.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed manner to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module.
  • the number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited, and can be set according to requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a battery module.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 , a cover plate 212 and a pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the casing 211 and the cover plate 212 form an outer casing or battery case 21 . Both the wall of the case 211 and the cover plate 212 are referred to as the wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the casing 211 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and one surface of the casing 211 has an opening for one or more electrodes.
  • Assembly 22 may be placed within housing 211 .
  • the casing 211 is a hollow cuboid or cube
  • one of the planes of the casing 211 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the casing 211 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cylinder
  • the end face of the casing 211 is an open face, that is, the end face does not have a wall so that the casing 211 communicates with the inside and the outside.
  • the cover plate 212 covers the opening and is connected with the case 211 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 22 is placed.
  • the casing 211 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate 212 , and the two electrode terminals 214 are the first electrode terminal 214 a and the second electrode terminal 214 b respectively.
  • the polarities of the two electrode terminals 214 are opposite. For example, when the first electrode terminal 214a is a positive electrode terminal, the second electrode terminal 214b is a negative electrode terminal.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is correspondingly provided with a connecting member 23 , or a current collecting member 23 , which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first tab 221a is a positive tab
  • the second tab 222a is a negative tab.
  • the first tabs 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to one electrode terminal 214 through one connecting member 23
  • the second tabs 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to another electrode terminal 214 through another connecting member 23 . connect.
  • the positive electrode terminal is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connection member 23
  • the negative electrode terminal is connected to the negative electrode tab through the other connection member 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be set in a single or multiple number. As shown in FIG. 4 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the battery cell 20 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be a part of the first wall 21a, or can be a separate structure from the first wall 21a, and is fixed on the first wall 21a by, for example, welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be formed by providing a notch on the first wall 21a, and the thickness of the first wall 21a corresponding to the notch is smaller than the pressure relief mechanism The thickness of the other regions of the mechanism 213 excluding the score.
  • the notch is the weakest position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can The rupture occurs at the notch, causing the casing 211 to communicate with the inside and the outside, and the gas pressure and temperature are released to the outside through the cracking of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from exploding.
  • the second wall of the battery cell 20 is provided with electrode terminals 214, the second wall is different from the first wall 21a.
  • the second wall is disposed opposite to the first wall 21a.
  • the first wall 21 a may be the bottom wall of the battery cell 20
  • the second wall may be the top wall of the battery cell 20 , that is, the cover plate 212 .
  • Disposing the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the electrode terminal 214 on different walls of the battery cell 20 can make the discharge of the battery cell 20 farther away from the electrode terminal 214 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, thereby reducing the amount of discharge to the electrode
  • the influence of the terminals 214 and the bus components can therefore enhance the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is arranged on the bottom wall of the battery cell 20, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the The discharge is discharged to the bottom of the battery 10 .
  • thermal management components and the like can be used to reduce the risk of emissions, and on the other hand, the bottom of the battery 10 is usually far away from the user, so that the harm to the user can be reduced.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be various possible pressure relief structures, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to be able to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism is configured to be able to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided with a weak area 2131 and a connection area 2132, and the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 form a ring shape, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can The weak area 2131 is broken and opened to a predetermined angle. Therefore, the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213 , thereby reducing the risk of the discharge and improving the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the weak region 2131 may be formed of a fusible material, and the melting point of the connecting region 2132 is higher than that of the weak region 2131, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be provided with the fusible material when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the area of the battery 2132 is melted and will be opened at a predetermined angle relative to the connection area 2132 , so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213 , which improves the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the weak area 2131 can be a notch, and the thickness or strength of the connecting area 2132 is greater than that of the weak area 2131, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be broken at the notch, Therefore, the weak area 2131 is opened at a predetermined angle relative to the connection area 2132 , so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213 , reducing the risk of discharge and improving the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the shape of the weak region 2131 may be a "C" shape.
  • the shape of the weak region 2131 may be an “S” shape.
  • the shape of the weak region 2131 may be a "Z" shape.
  • connection area 2132 there is one connection area 2132 , for example, as shown by the dotted line between the a1 end and the a2 end, wherein the a1 end is the end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the connection area 2132 , and the a2 end It is the other end where the weak area 2131 is connected to the connection area 2132 .
  • the ring shape formed by the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 is one, that is, a shape formed from the a1 end along the weak area 2131 to the a2 end, and then from the a2 end along the connection area 2132 to the a1 end.
  • connection areas 2132 there are two connection areas 2132 , namely, a first connection area 2132a and a second connection area 2132b, wherein the first connection area 2132a is a dotted line between the b1 end and the b2 end As shown, the second connection area 2132b is shown by the dotted line between the b3 end and the b4 end, wherein the b1 end is the end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the first connection area 2132a, and the b2 end is the weak area 2131 and the first connection area.
  • the other end of 2132a is connected, the b3 end is one end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the second connection area 2132b, and the b4 end is the other end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the second connection area 2132b.
  • the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 form two rings, namely, from the b1 end along the weak area 2131 to the b4 end, then from the b4 end along the weak area 2131 to the b2 end, and then from the b2 end along the first connection area 2132a
  • the two rings formed by the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 may partially overlap. For example, the region from the b4 end to the b1 end in the
  • connection regions 2132 there are also two connection regions 2132 , namely, a third connection region 2132c and a fourth connection region 2132d, wherein the third connection region 2132c is between the c1 end and the c2 end.
  • the fourth connection region 2132d is shown by the dotted line between the c3 end and the c4 end, wherein the c1 end is the end where the weak region 2131 is connected with the third connection region 2132c, and the c2 end is the weak region 2131 and the third connection The other end of the area 2132c is connected, the c3 end is one end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the fourth connection area 2132d, and the c4 end is the other end where the weak area 2131 is connected with the fourth connection area 2132d.
  • the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 form two rings, namely, from the c1 end along the weak area 2131 to the c4 end, then from the c4 end along the weak area 2131 to the c2 end, and then from the c2 end along the third connection area 2132c
  • the two rings formed by the weak area 2131 and the connection area 2132 may partially overlap. For example, the region from the c4 end to the c1 end in the weak region 2131.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the pressure relief mechanism 213 in FIG. 8 is in an unactuated state. As shown in FIG. 8 , the battery 10 may include a battery cell 20 , a thermal management part 50 and a supporter 60 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213, the pressure relief mechanism 213 is disposed on the first wall 21a of the battery cell 20, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to actuate to release when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value internal pressure.
  • the battery cell 20 may be the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the supporter 60 is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism 213, and the supporter 60 is configured to support the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, so that the pressure relief mechanism 213 is opened at a predetermined angle, so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be Discharge toward the thermal management component 50 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is not actuated, there is a gap between the support 60 and the pressure relief mechanism 213 , and the gap can provide an open space for the pressure relief mechanism 213 . Then, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be braked smoothly, and the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213 smoothly.
  • the farthest point in the weak area 2131 is on the first surface 51 of the thermal management component 50 so that the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be opened to a large enough predetermined angle when actuated.
  • the orthographic projection of is staggered from the orthographic projection of the support 60 on the first surface 51
  • the farthest point is the point on the weak area 2131 that is farthest from the connection area 2132 .
  • the weak area 2131 can be opened to a large enough angle, so that the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 has a relationship with the thermal management component 50 .
  • Large enough contact area better cooling effect.
  • the weak area 2131 can be opened to a large enough angle to reduce the problem of further thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 caused by the untimely discharge of emissions caused by the small opening angle of the weak area 2131 .
  • the farthest point may be one or more.
  • the orthographic projection of at least one farthest point of the plurality of farthest points on the first surface 51 and the orthographic projection of the support 60 on the first surface 51 are staggered. .
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 are schematic diagrams of orthographic projections of the pressure relief mechanism provided by the embodiments of the present application on the first surface of the thermal management component.
  • a support member 60 and a pressure relief mechanism 213 are shown.
  • the weak area 2131 is a “C”-shaped notch, and the farthest point in the weak area 2131 is any point on the area corresponding to the connection area 2132 (ie, the area from the m1 end to the m2 end).
  • the farthest point is recorded as m point.
  • the orthographic projection of the m point on the first surface 51 is offset from the orthographic projection of the support 60 on the first surface 51 (the shaded portion shown in FIG. 9 ).
  • the weak area 2131 is an “S”-shaped notch
  • the farthest point in the weak area 2131 includes the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the first connection area 2132a and the distance between the weak area 2131 and the second connection area 2132b farthest point.
  • the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the first connection area 2132a is point b4
  • the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the second connection area 2132b is point b1.
  • the orthographic projections of the points b1 and b2 on the first surface 51 and the orthographic projections of the support 60 on the first surface 51 are both staggered.
  • the weak area 2131 is a "Z"-shaped notch
  • the farthest point in the weak area 2131 includes the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the third connection area 2132c and the distance between the weak area 2131 and the fourth connection area 2132d farthest point.
  • the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the third connection area 2132c is point c3
  • the farthest point between the weak area 2131 and the fourth connection area 2132d is point c2.
  • the orthographic projections of the points c3 and c2 on the first surface 51 and the orthographic projections of the support 60 on the first surface 51 are both staggered.
  • the extension direction of the support member 60 and the extension direction of the connection area 2132 may also be parallel, wherein the extension direction of the connection area 2132 is from the connection One end of the area 2132 connected to the weak area 2131 points in the direction of the other end of the connection area 2132 connected to the weak area 2131 , and the extending direction of the support 60 is the length direction of the support 60 . Therefore, the weak area 2131 can be opened to a certain predetermined angle, and the discharges discharged from the battery cells 20 can be discharged to the thermal management component 50 along the open angle of the weak area 2131 , thereby reducing the risk of the discharge and enhancing the safety of the battery 10 . sex.
  • the extension direction of at least one connection region 2132 in the two connection regions 2132 is parallel to the extension direction of the support member 60 .
  • the extending direction of the connection region 2132 is the direction from a1 to a2 (or the direction from a2 to a1 ), and the extending direction of the support member 60 is the length direction of the support member 60 , that is, the direction from a1 to a2 (or the direction a2 The direction to a1 ) is parallel to the length direction of the support member 60 .
  • the extending direction of the first connection region 2132a is the direction from b1 to b2 (or the direction from b2 to b1 ), and the extending direction of the support member 60 is the length direction of the support member 60 , that is, the direction from b1 to b2 ( or the direction from b2 to b1 ) is parallel to the length direction of the support 60 .
  • the extending direction of the second connection region 2132b is the direction from b3 to b4 (or the direction from b4 to b3), and the extending direction of the support member 60 is the length direction of the support member 60, that is, the direction from b3 to b4 (or the direction from b4 to b3). ) is parallel to the length direction of the support member 60 .
  • the extending direction of the third connection region 2132c is the direction from c1 to c2 (or the direction from c2 to c1 ), and the extending direction of the support member 60 is the length direction of the support member 60 , that is, the direction from c1 to c2 ( or the direction of c2 to c1 ) and the length direction of the support member 60 are parallel.
  • the extending direction of the fourth connection region 2132d is the direction from d3 to d4 (or the direction from d4 to d3), and the extending direction of the support member 60 is the length direction of the support member 60, that is, the direction from d3 to d4 (or the direction from d4 to d3). ) is parallel to the length direction of the support member 60 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the battery 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 shown by the dotted line in FIG. 12 is when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is not actuated, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 shown by the solid line in FIG. 12 is when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the supporter 60 may support the pressure relief mechanism 213 so that the pressure relief mechanism 213 is opened by a predetermined angle ⁇ so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can be directed toward the thermal management part 50 emission. In this way, the exhaust can be discharged toward the thermal management component 50 and away from the battery cells 20 along the predetermined angle at which the pressure relief mechanism 213 is opened, thereby reducing its risk, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the structure of the support member 60 is an elongated structure.
  • the width of the support member 60 of the elongated structure is the same, that is, the support member 60 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the width of the middle region of the support member 60 of the elongated structure can be set to be greater than the width of the two end regions of the support member 60 of the elongated structure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a support member provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG.
  • the support member 60 includes a third part 61 , a fourth part 62 and a fifth part 63 , the third part 61 and the fourth part 62 are elongated structures, the fifth part 63 is a cylindrical structure, and The widths of the third portion 61 and the fourth portion 62 are both smaller than the width of the fifth portion 63 .
  • the support member 60 may also have a cylindrical, square or other structure, as long as it can support the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the support member 60 may be a material with a melting point lower than 600°C.
  • the support member 60 may be made of aluminum, copper, or the like.
  • the support member 60 may be an organic material.
  • the support member 60 may be a polypropylene (PP) material.
  • the support member 60 is mainly used to support the weak area 2131 of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the support member 60 After the battery cell 20 continues thermal runaway, if the support member 60 still supports the pressure relief mechanism 213, the discharge may not be discharged smoothly and quickly, causing further thermal runaway or even explosion of the battery cell 20. Therefore, the support member 60 is in the It can be melted at high temperature, which facilitates the subsequent discharge of the battery cells 20 and further improves the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the thermal management part 50 is used to contain the fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cells 20 .
  • the thermal management part 50 can accommodate a cooling medium to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 20 , and at this time, the thermal management part 50 can also be referred to as a cooling part, a cooling system or a cooling plate Wait.
  • the thermal management component 50 may also be used for heating, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid in the thermal management component 50 may be circulated for better temperature regulation.
  • the first surface 51 of the thermal management member 50 is attached to the first wall 21 a of the battery cell 20 . That is, the wall of the battery cell 20 on which the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided faces the thermal management member 50 . In this way, after the pressure relief mechanism 213 is braked, the discharge of the battery cells 20 may be discharged toward the thermal management part 50 .
  • the attachment of the first surface 51 of the thermal management member 50 to the first wall 21a of the battery cell 20 may be understood as the first surface 51 of the thermal management member 50 directly or indirectly contacting the first wall 21a of the battery cell 20, In turn, the heat of the battery cells 20 can be transferred to the thermal management part 50 to adjust the heat of the battery cells 20 .
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management component disclosed in some embodiments of this application.
  • the thermal management component 50 is provided with a pressure relief hole 52
  • the pressure relief hole 52 is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism 213
  • the pressure relief hole 52 is configured to discharge the exhaust. Since the pressure relief hole 52 and the pressure relief mechanism 213 are disposed opposite to each other, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the support member 60 are disposed opposite to each other, the pressure relief hole 52 and the support member 60 are also disposed opposite to each other.
  • the pressure relief holes 52 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213 on the thermal management part 50 , when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the discharges discharged from the battery cells 20 at a predetermined angle can pass through the thermal management part 50 , which is discharged toward the side away from the battery cells 20 , which reduces the risk of discharge and improves the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the support member 60 shields a portion of the pressure relief hole 52 .
  • the area of the support member 60 shielding the pressure relief hole 52 is less than or equal to 30% of the area of the pressure relief hole 52 .
  • one pressure relief hole 52 may correspond to one or more pressure relief mechanisms 213 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in some embodiments of this application.
  • Fig. 16 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of part A of the battery shown in Fig. 15 .
  • the thermal management component 50 may further include a first thermally conductive plate 53 and a second thermally conductive plate 54 , the first thermally conductive plate 53 is located between the first wall 21 a and the second thermally conductive plate 54 and Attached to the first wall 21a, the first thermally conductive plate 53 and the second thermally conductive plate 54 form flow channels 55 for containing fluid.
  • the first region 541 of the second thermally conductive plate 54 is recessed away from the first thermally conductive plate 53 to form a groove. In this way, the flow channel 55 is formed in the groove.
  • the pressure relief hole 52 may be provided on a second area of the thermal management component 50 , and the second area is not the area corresponding to the flow channel 55 .
  • the pressure relief hole 52 may be provided on an area of the thermal management component 50 other than the first area 541 .
  • the thermal management component 50 is configured to be disrupted by the discharge at a predetermined angle when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, so that the fluid within the thermal management component 213 is discharged from the interior of the thermal management component 50, thereby giving The battery cells 20 are cooled.
  • the support member 60 can support the weak area 2131 of the pressure relief mechanism 213, and then the weak area 2131 is opened to a predetermined level.
  • the emission of the battery cells 20 can be concentrated toward the thermal management component 50 along a predetermined angle, so that the thermal management components 50 can be destroyed more quickly, and the rapid response capability of the thermal management component 50 to the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 is improved. .
  • a temperature sensitive material may be provided on the thermal management part 50, and the temperature sensitive material on the thermal management part 50 is configured to be able to be able to be damaged when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the exhaust discharged at a predetermined angle is melted to discharge the fluid from the inside of the thermal management part 50 , thereby cooling the battery cells 20 .
  • the temperature-sensitive material is disposed on the area of the thermal management component 50 that faces the emissions discharged at a predetermined angle and on the area near the area.
  • a temperature sensitive material may be disposed on the sidewall of the pressure relief hole 52 or on the first surface 51 of the thermal management component 50 in the surrounding area of the pressure relief hole 52 .
  • the thermal management component 50 may be housed in the second portion 112 of the case with the first surface 51 of the thermal management component 50 facing away from the bottom of the second portion 112 .
  • the support member 60 can be disposed in the thermal management part 50 , so that the space in the thermal management part 50 can be fully utilized, so that the structure of the battery 10 is compact and the energy density of the battery 10 is improved.
  • FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are respectively schematic structural diagrams of another thermal management component 50 provided in this embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 , the support member 60 may be disposed in the pressure relief hole 52 of the thermal management member 50 . The difference between FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 is that the structure of the support member 60 is different.
  • the pressure relief hole 52 penetrates the first thermal conduction plate 53 and the second thermal conduction plate 54, and in the second thermal conduction plate 54 A support 60 is provided in the pressure relief hole 52 of the plate 54 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural exploded schematic diagram of the thermal management component shown in FIG. 19 .
  • the pressure relief hole 52 penetrates the first heat conduction plate 53 and the second heat conduction plate 54 , and a support member is provided in the pressure relief hole 52 of the second heat conduction plate 54 60.
  • the support member 60 and the thermal management member 50 are integrally formed.
  • the thermal management member 50 two holes may be machined in the thermal management member 50, and the support member 60 is formed between the two holes.
  • the support member 60 may also be welded or bonded in the pressure relief hole 52 .
  • the support member 60 may also be disposed between the thermal management component 50 and the battery cells 20 .
  • the supporter 60 may be welded or bonded between the thermal management member 50 and the battery cells 20 .
  • the support 60 may also be a hollow structure with fluid contained therein, the support 60 being configured to be broken by the discharge when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, so that the support 60 The fluid in the battery is discharged to reduce the temperature of the discharge of the battery cells 20 .
  • a plurality of pressure relief holes 52 may be disposed opposite to one support member 60 .
  • FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are respectively schematic structural diagrams of a combination of a support member and a thermal management component according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • four pressure relief holes 52 arranged in a single row or column may correspond to one support member 60 .
  • one pressure relief hole 52 is disposed opposite to one support member 60 , that is, the number of pressure relief holes 52 is equal to the number of support members 60 .
  • each of the four pressure relief holes 52 may correspond to one support member 60 .
  • a case containing the battery 10 may include an electrical cavity, thermal management components 50 and a collection cavity.
  • the electrical cavity is used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20, and the thermal management component 50 is used to isolate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, and the collection cavity is used to collect the battery cells 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated emissions.
  • the thermal management component 50 is used to separate the electrical cavity containing the battery cells 20 from the collection cavity for collecting the discharge, and when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the discharge of the battery cell 20 enters the collecting cavity without entering or in a small amount into the electrical cavity Therefore, the safety of the battery 10 can be enhanced without affecting the electrical connection in the electrical cavity.
  • the case housing the battery 10 may further include a protective member for The thermal management part 50 is protected, and the protection member and the thermal management part 50 form the collection cavity, so that the emission of the battery cells 20 can be effectively collected and buffered, and the danger thereof can be reduced.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, and the electrical device may include the battery 10 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle 1, a ship or a spacecraft.
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 200 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 23, the method 200 may include:
  • S210 provide a battery cell, the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the first wall of the battery cell, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell or actuated to relieve said internal pressure when the temperature reaches a threshold;
  • S220 providing a thermal management component for containing a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cells, a first surface of the thermal management component is attached to the first wall;
  • the support member is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, the support member is configured to support the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the pressure relief mechanism is opened a predetermined angle so that the discharge of the battery cells can be discharged toward the thermal management part.
  • FIG. 24 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 300 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 300 for preparing a battery may include: providing a module 310 .
  • a module 310 is provided for: providing a battery cell, the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is provided on the first wall of the battery cell, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for the battery actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the cell reaches a threshold value; providing a thermal management member for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell, the thermal management member having a first surface attached on the first wall; providing a support member disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism, the support member being configured to support the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated so that all The pressure relief mechanism is opened at a predetermined angle so that the discharge of the battery cells can be discharged toward the thermal management part.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置，所述电池包括：电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。本申请实施例的技术方案，能够增强电池的安全性。

Description

电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置，能够增强电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。
本申请实施例的技术方案，通过设置与泄压机构对应的支撑件，在泄压机构制动时，支撑件能够支撑泄压机构，阻挡泄压机构完全开启，以使泄压机构打开预定角度，电池单体的排放物能够通过泄压机构打开的预定角度的开口，定向朝向容纳有流体的热管理部件排放，这样使得电池单体的排放物能够与热管理部件接触，从而热管理部件可以对电池单体的排放物进行冷却降温。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件和所述泄压机构之间具有间隙，所述间隙被配置为所述泄压机构提供打开空间。
将支撑件和泄压机构之间设置间隙，可以为泄压机构制动时提供打开空间， 使得泄压机构可以顺利制动，电池单体的排放物能够顺利地从泄压机构排放出来。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压机构上设置有薄弱区域和连接区域，所述薄弱区域和所述连接区域形成环形，以使所述泄压机构致动时，所述泄压机构能够在所述薄弱区域处破裂并打开预定角度。
在泄压区域上设置薄弱区域和连接区域，且薄弱区域和连接区域形成环形，进而在泄压机构致动时，泄压机构可以在薄弱区域处破裂，并相对于连接区域会打开预定角度，从而电池单体的排放物可以从泄压机构排放出来，降低排放物的危险性，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述薄弱区域中的最远点在所述第一表面上的正投影与所述支撑件在所述第一表面上的正投影错开，所述最远点为所述薄弱区域上距离所述连接区域最远的点。
薄弱区域中的最远点在第一表面上的正投影与支撑件在第一表面上的正投影错开，这样可以保证泄压机构在致动时，泄压机构在薄弱区域处破裂，且薄弱区域能够打开足够大的角度，使得经泄压机构排出的排放物与热管理部件有足够大的接触面积，降温效果更佳。同时，薄弱区域能够打开足够大的角度可以减小因薄弱区域开启角度小造成的排放物排放不及时而引起电池单体进一步热失控的问题。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件的延伸方向和所述连接区域的延伸方向平行，所述连接区域的延伸方向为从所述连接区域与所述薄弱区域连接的一端指向所述连接区域与所述薄弱区域连接的另一端的方向，所述支撑件的延伸方向为所述支撑件的长度方向。
在一些实施例中，所述薄弱区域可以为刻痕。例如，刻痕的形状包括以下至少一种：“C”字形、“Z”字形和“S”字形。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件的结构为长条结构。
将支撑件设置为长条结构，实现方式简单、成本低。
在一些实施例中，所述长条状结构的中间区域的宽度大于所述长条状结构的两端区域的宽度。
将长条状结构的支撑件设置为中间区域的宽度大、两端区域的宽度小的结构，可以增加支撑件的刚度，使得支撑件更好地抵挡泄压机构。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件上设置有泄压孔，所述泄压孔与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述泄压孔被配置为排出所述排放物。
通过在热管理部件上设置与泄压机构对应的泄压孔，可以使得在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物能够穿过热管理部件，朝向远离电池单体的一侧排放，降低了排放物的危险性，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件遮挡部分所述泄压孔，且所述支撑件遮挡所述泄压孔的面积小于或等于所述泄压孔的面积的30％。
将支撑件遮挡泄压孔的面积设置为不超过30％，可以使得支撑件不至于遮挡泄压孔太多，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物能够及时穿过热管理部件，而不会在热管理部件处堆积。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件设置于所述泄压孔内。
将支撑件设置在泄压孔内，可以充分利用泄压孔内的空间，使得电池的结构紧凑，提高了电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件的结构为中空结构，所述支撑件容纳流体，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够被所述排放物破坏，以使所述支撑件中的所述流体排出，以降低所述电池单体的排放物的温度。
将支撑件设置为中空结构，并在支撑件中容纳流体，进而可以在泄压机构致动时，支撑件能够容易被排放物破坏，使得支撑件中的流体排出，达到对电池单体进行降温的目的。
在一些实施例中，多个所述泄压孔与一个所述支撑件相对设置。
将热管理部件上的多个泄压孔相对设置一个支撑件，实现方式简单、成本低。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑件的熔点低于600℃。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够被以所述预定角度排放的排放物破坏，以使所述热管理部件内的所述流体从所述热管理部件的内部排出。
在泄压机构致动时，热管理部件能够被以预定角度排放的电池单体的排放物破坏，以使热管理部件内的流体从热管理部件的内部排出以给电池单体降温。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件上设置有温敏材料，所述温敏材料被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够被以所述预定角度排放的排放物熔化，以使所述流体从所述热管理部件的内部排出。
通过在热管理部件上设置温敏材料，可以使得在泄压机构时，热管理部件上的温敏材料能够被以预定角度排放的排放物熔化，进而热管理部件能够更容易被破坏，流体从热管理部件的内部排出以给电池单体快速降温。
在一些实施例中，所述温敏材料设置在所述热管理部件面向以所述预定角度排放的排放物的区域上。
通过在热管理部件上面向以预定角度排放的排放物的区域上设置温敏材料，可以使得热管理部件更容易被排放物破坏。
第二方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括如第一方面所述的电池。
第三方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；提供支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的装置，包括：提供模块，用于：提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁， 所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；提供支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一个实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解图；
图5为本申请一些实施例公开的一种泄压机构的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例公开的另一种泄压机构的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例公开的又一种泄压机构的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例公开的一种电池的剖面结构示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例公开的一种泄压机构在热管理部件的第一表面上的正投影的示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例公开的另一种泄压机构在热管理部件的第一表面上的正投影的示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例公开的又一种泄压机构在热管理部件的第一表面上的正投影的示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例公开的另一种电池的剖面结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例公开的一种支撑件的结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例公开的一种热管理部件的结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例公开的另一种电池的结构示意图；
图16为图15所示的电池的A部分的放大结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例公开的一种热管理部件的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例公开的另一种热管理部件的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例公开的又一种热管理部件的结构示意图；
图20为图19所示的热管理部件的结构分解示意图；
图21为本申请实施例公开的一种支撑件和热管理部件组合的结构示意图；
图22为本申请实施例公开的另一种支撑件和热管理部件组合的结构示意图；
图23为本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法的示意性流程图；
图24为本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置的示意性框图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极 集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，同时还有适宜的环境温度设计，为了有效地避免不必要的损失，对电池单体一般会有至少三重保护措施。具体而言，保护措施至少包括开关元件、选择适当的隔离膜材料以及泄压机构。开关元件是指电池单体内的温度或者电阻达到一定阈值时而能够使电池停止充电或者放电的元件。隔离膜用于隔离正极片和负极片，可以在温度上升到一定数值时自动溶解掉附着在其上的微米级(甚至纳米级)微孔，从而使金属离子不能在隔离膜上通过，终止电池单体的内部反应。
泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
目前的泄压机构设计方案中，主要关注将电池单体内部的高压和高热释放， 即将所述排放物排出到电池单体外部。然而，为了保证电池的输出电压或电流，往往需要多个电池单体且多个电池单体之间通过汇流部件进行电连接。从电池单体内部排出的排放物有可能导致其余电池单体发生短路现象，例如，当排出的金属屑电连接两个汇流部件时会引起电池发生短路，因而存在安全隐患。并且，高温高压的排放物朝向电池单体设置泄压机构的方向排放，并且可更具体地沿朝向泄压机构致动的区域的方向排放，这种排放物的威力和破坏力可能很大，甚至可能足以冲破在该方向上的一个或多个结构，造成进一步的安全问题。
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种技术方案，通过设置与泄压机构对应的支撑件，在泄压机构制动时，支撑件能够支撑泄压机构，阻挡泄压机构完全开启，以使泄压机构打开预定角度，电池单体的排放物能够通过泄压机构打开的预定角度的开口，定向朝向容纳有流体的热管理部件排放，这样使得电池单体的排放物能够与热管理部件接触，甚至破坏热管理部件使得流体从热管理部件中流出，对电池单体的排放物进行降温，降低排放物的危险性，进一步提高了电池的安全性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体也可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。
电池10还可以包括箱体(或称罩体)，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112 可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。再例如，不同于图2所示，第一部分111和第二部分112中也可以仅有一个为具有开口的中空长方体，而另一个为板状，以盖合开口。例如，这里以第二部分112为中空长方体且只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111为板状为例，那么第一部分111盖合在第二部分112的开口处以形成具有封闭腔室的箱体，该腔室可以用于容纳多个电池单体20。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。例如，图3为电池模块的一个示例。电池10可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
如图4所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211、盖板212和泄压机构213。壳体211和盖板212形成外壳或电池盒21。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为第一电极端子214a和第二电极端子214b。两个电极端子214的极性相反。例如，当第一电极端子214a为正电极端子时，第二电极端子214b为负电极端子。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图4所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一 极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子214连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子214连接。例如，正电极端子通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负电极端子通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图4所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
电池单体20的一个壁，如图4所示的第一壁21a上还设置有泄压机构213。为了便于展示，图4中将第一壁21a与壳体211分离，但这并不限定壳体211的底侧具有开口。泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
该泄压机构213可以为第一壁21a的一部分，也可以与第一壁21a为分体式结构，通过例如焊接的方式固定在第一壁21a上。当泄压机构213为第一壁21a的一部分时，例如，泄压机构213可以通过在第一壁21a上设置刻痕的方式形成，与该刻痕的对应的第一壁21a厚度小于泄压机构213除刻痕处其他区域的厚度。刻痕处是泄压机构213最薄弱的位置。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得壳体211内部压力升高并达到阈值或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构213可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致壳体211内外相通，气体压力及温度通过泄压机构213的裂开向外释放，进而避免电池单体20发生爆炸。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，如图4所示，在泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第一壁21a的情况下，电池单体20的第二壁设置有电极端子214，第二壁不同于第一壁21a。
可选地，第二壁与第一壁21a相对设置。例如，第一壁21a可以为电池单体20的底壁，第二壁可以为电池单体20的顶壁，即盖板212。
将泄压机构213和电极端子214设置于电池单体20的不同壁上，可以使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物更加远离电极端子214，从而减小排放物对电极端子214和汇流部件的影响，因此能够增强电池10的安全性。
进一步地，在电极端子214设置于电池单体20的盖板212上时，将泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的底壁，可以使得泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物向电池10底部排放。这样，一方面可以利用热管理部件等降低排放物的危险性，另一方面，电池10底部通常会远离用户，从而能够降低对用户的危害。
泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
进一步地，如图4所示，泄压机构213上设置有薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132，薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成环形，以使泄压机构213致动时，泄压机构 213能够在薄弱区域2131处破裂并打开预定角度。从而电池单体20的排放物可以从泄压机构213排放出来，降低排放物的危险性，提高了电池10的安全性。
在一些实施例中，薄弱区域2131可以由易熔化的材料形成，连接区域2132的熔点高于薄弱区域2131，这样可以使得泄压机构213致动时，泄压机构213可以在设置易熔化的材料的区域处被熔化，并相对于连接区域2132会打开预定角度，从而电池单体20的排放物可以从泄压机构213排放出来，提高了电池10的安全性。在另一些实施例中，薄弱区域2131可以为刻痕，连接区域2132的厚度或强度大于薄弱区域2131，这样可以使得泄压机构213致动时，泄压机构213可以在刻痕处被破坏，从而薄弱区域2131相对于连接区域2132会打开预定角度，从而电池单体20的排放物可以从泄压机构213排放出来，降低排放物的危险性，提高了电池10的安全性。
图5至图7示出了本申请实施例提供的泄压机构213的示意图。例如，如图5所示，薄弱区域2131的形状为可以为“C”字形。又例如，如图6所示，薄弱区域2131的形状为可以为“S”字形。又例如，如图7所示，薄弱区域2131的形状为可以为“Z”字形。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，连接区域2132为一个，例如，a1端至a2端之间的虚线所示，其中，a1端为薄弱区域2131与连接区域2132连接的一端，a2端为薄弱区域2131与连接区域2132连接的另一端。薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成的环形为一个，即从a1端沿薄弱区域2131到达a2端，再由a2端沿连接区域2132到达a1端形成的形状。
在另一些实施例中，如图6所示，连接区域2132为两个，即第一连接区域2132a和第二连接区域2132b，其中，第一连接区域2132a为b1端至b2端之间的虚线所示，第二连接区域2132b为b3端至b4端之间的虚线所示，其中，b1端为薄弱区域2131与第一连接区域2132a连接的一端，b2端为薄弱区域2131与第一连接区域2132a连接的另一端，b3端为薄弱区域2131与第二连接区域2132b连接的一端，b4端为薄弱区域2131与第二连接区域2132b连接的另一端。薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成的环形为两个，即分别为从b1端沿薄弱区域2131到达b4端，再由b4端沿薄弱区域2131到达b2端，再由b2端沿第一连接区域2132a到达b1端形成的形状，以及，从b4端沿薄弱区域2131到达b1端，再由b1端沿薄弱区域2131到达b3端，再由b3端沿第二连接区域2132b到达b4端形成的形状。且该薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成的两个环形可以部分重叠。例如，薄弱区域2131中b4端至b1端的区域。
在又一些实施例中，如图7所示，连接区域2132也为两个，即第三连接区域2132c和第四连接区域2132d，其中，第三连接区域2132c为c1端至c2端之间的虚线所示，第四连接区域2132d为c3端至c4端之间的虚线所示，其中，c1端为薄弱区域2131与第三连接区域2132c连接的一端，c2端为薄弱区域2131与第三连接区域2132c连接的另一端，c3端为薄弱区域2131与第四连接区域2132d连接的一端，c4端为薄弱区域2131与第四连接区域2132d连接的另一端。薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成的环形为两个，即分别为从c1端沿薄弱区域2131到达c4端，再由c4端沿薄弱区域2131到达c2端，再由c2端沿第三连接区域2132c到达c1端形成的形状，以及，从 c4端沿薄弱区域2131到达c1端，再由c1端沿薄弱区域2131到达c3端，再由c3端沿第四连接区域2132d到达b4端形成的形状。且该薄弱区域2131和连接区域2132形成的两个环形可以部分重叠。例如，薄弱区域2131中c4端至c1端的区域。
图8为本申请一实施例提供的电池10的剖面结构示意图。其中，图8中的泄压机构213处于未致动状态。如图8所示，电池10可以包括电池单体20、热管理部件50和支撑件60。
电池单体20包括泄压机构213，泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第一壁21a，泄压机构213用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力。例如，电池单体20可以为图4中所示的电池单体20。
支撑件60与泄压机构213相对设置，支撑件60被配置为在泄压机构213致动时支撑泄压机构213，以使泄压机构213打开预定角度，从而电池单体20的排放物能够朝向热管理部件50排放。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，在泄压机构213未致动时，支撑件60和泄压机构213之间具有间隙，该间隙可以为泄压机构213提供打开空间。进而泄压机构213可以顺利制动，电池单体20的排放物能够顺利地从泄压机构213排放出来。
在一些实施例中，由于电池10内部空间有限，为了泄压机构213在致动时，能够打开足够大的预定角度，薄弱区域2131中的最远点在热管理部件50的第一表面51上的正投影与支撑件60在第一表面51上的正投影错开，最远点为薄弱区域2131上距离连接区域2132最远的点。这样可以保证泄压机构213在致动时，泄压机构213在薄弱区域2131处破裂，且薄弱区域2131能够打开足够大的角度，使得经泄压机构213排出的排放物与热管理部件50有足够大的接触面积，降温效果更佳。同时，薄弱区域2131能够打开足够大的角度可以减小因薄弱区域2131开启角度小造成的排放物排放不及时而引起的电池单体20进一步热失控的问题。
可选地，最远点可以为一个或多个。在最远点为多个的情况下，只需多个最远点中的至少一个最远点在第一表面51上的正投影与支撑件60在第一表面51上的正投影错开即可。
例如，图9至图11所示，分别为本申请实施例提供的泄压机构在热管理部件的第一表面上的正投影的示意图。其中，图9至图11中，示出了一个支撑件60和一个泄压机构213。
如图9所示，薄弱区域2131为“C”字形刻痕，薄弱区域2131中的最远点为与连接区域2132对应的区域(即m1端至m2端的区域)上的任意一个点，为了方便描述，此时，将最远点记为m点。此时，m点在第一表面上51的正投影与支撑件60在第一表面51上的正投影(如图9中所示的阴影部分)错开。
如图10所示，薄弱区域2131为“S”字形刻痕，薄弱区域2131中的最远点包括薄弱区域2131与第一连接区域2132a的最远点和薄弱区域2131与第二连接区域2132b的最远点。其中，薄弱区域2131与第一连接区域2132a的最远点为b4点，薄弱区域2131与第二连接区域2132b的最远点为b1点。此时，b1点和b2点分别在第一表面上51的正投影与支撑件60在第一表面51上的正投影(如图10中所示的阴影部分) 都错开。
如图11所示，薄弱区域2131为“Z”字形刻痕，薄弱区域2131中的最远点包括薄弱区域2131与第三连接区域2132c的最远点和薄弱区域2131与第四连接区域2132d的最远点。其中，薄弱区域2131与第三连接区域2132c的最远点为c3点，薄弱区域2131与第四连接区域2132d的最远点为c2点。此时，c3点和c2点分别在第一表面51上的正投影与支撑件60在第一表面51上的正投影(如图11中所示的阴影部分)都错开。
在一些实施例中，为了泄压机构213在致动时，能够打开预定的角度，支撑件60的延伸方向和连接区域2132的延伸方向也可以平行，其中，连接区域2132的延伸方向为从连接区域2132与薄弱区域2131连接的一端指向连接区域2132与薄弱区域2131连接的另一端的方向，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向。从而可以使得薄弱区域2131能够打开一定的预定角度，电池单体20排放的排放物能够沿薄弱区域2131打开的角度，向热管理部件50排放，降低排放物的危险性，增强了电池10的安全性。
可选地，在连接区域2132为两个的实施例中，两个连接区域2132中的至少一个连接区域2132的延伸方向和支撑件60的延伸方向平行。
如图9所示，连接区域2132的延伸方向为a1至a2的方向(或a2至a1的方向)，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向，即a1至a2的方向(或a2至a1的方向)和支撑件60的长度方向平行。
如图10所示，第一连接区域2132a的延伸方向为b1至b2的方向(或b2至b1的方向)，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向，即b1至b2的方向(或b2至b1的方向)和支撑件60的长度方向平行。第二连接区域2132b的延伸方向为b3至b4的方向(或b4至b3的方向)，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向，即b3至b4的方向(或b4至b3的方向)和支撑件60的长度方向平行。
如图11所示，第三连接区域2132c的延伸方向为c1至c2的方向(或c2至c1的方向)，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向，即c1至c2的方向(或c2至c1的方向)和支撑件60的长度方向平行。第四连接区域2132d的延伸方向为d3至d4的方向(或d4至d3的方向)，支撑件60的延伸方向为支撑件60的长度方向，即d3至d4的方向(或d4至d3的方向)和支撑件60的长度方向平行。
图12为本申请一实施例提供的电池10的剖面结构示意图。其中，图12中虚线所示的泄压机构213是泄压机构213处于未致动时，图12中实线所示的泄压机构213是泄压机构213处于致动时。如图12所示，在泄压机构213致动时，支撑件60可以支撑泄压机构213，以使泄压机构213打开预定角度θ，从而电池单体20的排放物能够朝向热管理部件50排放。这样，排放物可以沿着泄压机构213打开的预定角度，朝向热管理部件50排走而远离电池单体20，降低了其危险性，从而能够增强电池10的安全性。
可选地，支撑件60的结构为长条结构。在一些实施例中，长条状结构的支撑件60的宽度是一致的，即支撑件60为长方体结构。在另一些实施例中，为了增加支 撑件的刚度，可以设置长条状结构的支撑件60的中间区域的宽度大于长条状结构的支撑件60的两端区域的宽度。例如，图13为本申请实施例提供的一种支撑件的结构示意图。如图13所示，支撑件60包括第三部分61、第四部分62和第五部分63，第三部分61和第四部分62为长条状结构，第五部分63为圆柱状结构，且第三部分61和第四部分62的宽度均小于第五部分63的宽度。当然，可以理解的是，支撑件60也可以为圆柱形，正方形等结构，只要能够支撑泄压机构213即可。
可选地，在一些实施例中，支撑件60可以采用熔点低于600℃的材料。例如，支撑件60可以采用铝或铜等。在另一些实施例中，支撑件60可以采用有机材料。例如，支撑件60可以采用聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)材料。
应理解，在泄压机构213致动时，薄弱区域2131打开预定角度时，支撑件60主要用于支撑泄压机构213的薄弱区域2131。在电池单体20持续热失控后，支撑件60如仍然支撑泄压机构213，可能会使排放物不能顺利快速的排出，引起电池单体20的进一步热失控，甚至爆炸，因此支撑件60在高温下可以被熔化，便于后续电池单体20排放物的排放，进一步提高电池10的安全性。
热管理部件50，用于容纳流体以给电池单体20调节温度。在给电池单体20降温的情况下，该热管理部件50可以容纳冷却介质以给多个电池单体20调节温度，此时，热管理部件50也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等。另外，热管理部件50也可以用于加热，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选地，热管理部件50中的流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。
热管理部件50的第一表面51附接于电池单体20的第一壁21a。也就是说，电池单体20的设置有泄压机构213的壁朝向热管理部件50。这样，在泄压机构213制动后，电池单体20的排放物可以朝向热管理部件50排放。
应理解，热管理部件50的第一表面51附接于电池单体20的第一壁21a可以理解为热管理部件50的第一表面51直接或间接接触电池单体20的第一壁21a，进而电池单体20的热量能够传递至热管理部件50，以调节电池单体20的热量。
图14为本申请一些实施例公开的另一种热管理部件的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，如图14所示，热管理部件50上设置有泄压孔52，泄压孔52与泄压机构213相对设置，泄压孔52被配置为排出排放物。由于泄压孔52和泄压机构213相对设置，泄压机构213和支撑件60相对设置，则泄压孔52和支撑件60也是相对设置的。因此，通过在热管理部件50上设置与泄压机构213对应的泄压孔52，可以使得在泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20以预定角度排放的排放物能够穿过热管理部件50，朝向远离电池单体20的一侧排放，降低了排放物的危险性，提高了电池10的安全性。
在一些实施例中，支撑件60遮挡部分泄压孔52。例如，支撑件60遮挡泄压孔52的面积小于或等于泄压孔52的面积的30％。以便支撑件60不会遮挡泄压孔52太多，进而在泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物能够及时穿过热管理部件50，朝向远离电池单体20的一侧排放，而不会在热管理部件50处堆积。
可选地，一个泄压孔52可以对应一个或多个泄压机构213。
图15为本申请一些实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图。图16为图15所 示的电池的A部分的放大结构示意图。在一些实施例中，如图15所示，热管理部件50还可以包括第一导热板53和第二导热板54，第一导热板53位于第一壁21a和第二导热板54之间且附接于第一壁21a，第一导热板53和第二导热板54形成流道55，用于容纳流体。如图16所示，第二导热板54的第一区域541向远离第一导热板53凹陷以形成凹槽。这样，在凹槽形成流道55。
可选地，泄压孔52可以设置在热管理部件50的第二区域上，第二区域不是流道55所对应的区域。例如，泄压孔52可以设置在热管理部件50非第一区域541的区域上。
可选地，热管理部件50被配置为在泄压机构213致动时能够被以预定角度排放的排放物破坏，以使热管理部件213内的流体从热管理部件50的内部排出，进而给电池单体20降温。此外，由于泄压机构213上的薄弱区域2131和支撑件60的存在，可使得在泄压机构213致动时，支撑件60可以支撑泄压机构213的薄弱区域2131，进而薄弱区域2131打开预定角度，电池单体20的排放物可以沿预定角度集中朝向热管理部件50排放，这样热管理部件50能够更快地被破坏，提高了热管理部件50对电池单体20热失控的快速响应能力。
可选地，为了实现热管理部件50能够容易被排放物破坏，可以在热管理部件50上设置温敏材料，热管理部件50上的温敏材料被配置为在泄压机构213致动时能够被以预定角度排放的排放物熔化，以使流体从热管理部件50的内部排出，进而给电池单体20降温。在一些实施例中，温敏材料设置在热管理部件50面向以预定角度排放的排放物的区域上以及该区域附近的区域上。例如，温敏材料可以设置在泄压孔52的侧壁或热管理部件50的第一表面51上泄压孔52的周围区域。
在一些实施例中，热管理部件50可以容纳在箱体的第二部分112中，且热管理部件50的第一表面51背离第二部分112的底部。
在一些实施例中，支撑件60可以设置在热管理部件50中，这样可以充分利用热管理部件50内的空间，使得电池10的结构紧凑，提高了电池10的能量密度。例如，图17和图18分别为本申请实施例提供的另一种热管理部件50的结构示意图。如图17和图18所示，支撑件60可以设置在热管理部件50的泄压孔52中。其中，图17和图18的区别在于，支撑件60的结构不一样。
在热管理部件50包括第一导热板53和第二导热板54的实施例中，在一些实施例中，泄压孔52贯穿第一导热板53和第二导热板54，且在第二导热板54的泄压孔52中设置有支撑件60。图19为本申请实施例公开的又一种热管理部件的结构示意图，图20为图19所示的热管理部件的结构分解示意图。在另一些实施例中，如图19和图20所示，泄压孔52贯穿第一导热板53和第二导热板54，且在第二导热板54的泄压孔52中设置有支撑件60。
此时，在一些实施例中，为了方便加工，支撑件60和热管理部件50一体成型。例如在制造热管理部件50时，可以在热管理部件50上加工出两个孔，该两个孔之间形成支撑件60。在另一些实施例中，也可以将支撑件60焊接或粘接在泄压孔52内。
在另一些实施例中，支撑件60也可以设置在热管理部件50和电池单体20 之间。可选地，支撑件60可以焊接或粘接在热管理部件50和电池单体20之间。
在一些实施例中，支撑件60还可以为中空结构，且在支撑件60中容纳有流体，支撑件60被配置为在泄压机构213致动时能够被排放物破坏，以使支撑件60中的流体排出，以降低电池单体20的排放物的温度。
在一些实施例中，为了降低成本，可以将多个泄压孔52与一个支撑件60相对设置。例如，图21和图22分别为本申请实施例提供的一种支撑件和热管理部件组合的结构示意图。如图21所示，单行或单列排列的4个泄压孔52可以对应一个支撑件60。在另一些实施例中，一个泄压孔52与一个支撑件60相对设置，即泄压孔52的个数和支撑件60的个数相等。例如，如图22所示，4个泄压孔52中的每个泄压孔52可以对应一个支撑件60。
可选地，在一些实施例中，容纳电池10的箱体(例如，如图2中所述的第一部分111和第二部分112形成的箱体)可以包括电气腔、热管理部件50和收集腔。电气腔用于容纳多个电池单体20，热管理部件50用于隔离电气腔和收集腔，收集腔用于在泄压机构213致动时收集来自设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的排放物。
利用热管理部件50将容纳电池单体20的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔分离，在泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物进入收集腔，而不进入或少量进入电气腔，从而不会影响电气腔中的电连接，因此能够增强电池10的安全性。
可选地，在一些实施例中，容纳电池10的箱体(例如，如图2中所述的第一部分111和第二部分112形成的箱体)还可以包括防护构件，该防护构件用于防护热管理部件50，防护构件与热管理部件50形成所述收集腔，进而可以有效地收集和缓冲电池单体20的排放物，降低其危险性。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述各实施例中的电池10。可选地，用电装置可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池10和用电装置，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图23示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法200的示意性流程图。如图23所示，该方法200可以包括：
S210，提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
S220，提供热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；
S230，提供支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。
图24示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置300的示意性框图。如图24所示，制备电池的装置300可以包括：提供模块310。
提供模块310，用于：提供电池单体，所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄 压机构设置于所述电池单体的第一壁，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件的第一表面附接于所述第一壁；提供支撑件，所述支撑件与所述泄压机构相对设置，所述支撑件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时支撑所述泄压机构，以使所述泄压机构打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件排放。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)包括泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21a)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    热管理部件(50)，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(20)调节温度，所述热管理部件(50)的第一表面(51)附接于所述第一壁(21a)；
    支撑件(60)，所述支撑件(60)与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置，所述支撑件(60)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时支撑所述泄压机构(213)，以使所述泄压机构(213)打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体(20)的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件(50)排放。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)和所述泄压机构(213)之间具有间隙，所述间隙被配置为所述泄压机构(213)提供打开空间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其中，所述泄压机构(213)上设置有薄弱区域(2131)和连接区域(2132)，所述薄弱区域(2131)和所述连接区域(2132)形成环形，以使所述泄压机构(213)致动时，所述泄压机构(213)能够在所述薄弱区域(2131)处破裂并打开预定角度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述薄弱区域(2131)中的最远点在所述第一表面(51)上的正投影与所述支撑件(60)在所述第一表面(51)上的正投影错开，所述最远点为所述薄弱区域(2131)上距离所述连接区域(2132)最远的点。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)的延伸方向和所述连接区域(2132)的延伸方向平行，所述连接区域(2132)的延伸方向为从所述连接区域(2132)与所述薄弱区域(2131)连接的一端指向所述连接区域(2132)与所述薄弱区域(2131)连接的另一端的方向，所述支撑件(60)的延伸方向为所述支撑件(60)的长度方向。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述薄弱区域(2131)的形状包括以下至少一种：“C”字形、“Z”字形和“S”字形。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)的结构为长条结构。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述长条状结构的中间区域的宽度大于所述长条状结构的两端区域的宽度。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件(50)上设置有泄压孔(52)，所述泄压孔(52)与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置，所述泄压孔(52)被配置为排出所述排放物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)遮挡部分所述泄压孔(52)，且所述支撑件(60)遮挡所述泄压孔(52)的面积小于或等于所述泄压孔 (52)的面积的30％。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)设置于所述泄压孔(52)内。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)的结构为中空结构，所述支撑件(60)容纳流体，所述支撑件(60)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时能够被所述排放物破坏，以使所述支撑件(60)中的所述流体排出，以降低所述电池单体(20)的排放物的温度。
  13. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的电池，其中，多个所述泄压孔(52)与一个所述支撑件(60)相对设置。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(60)的熔点低于600℃。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件(50)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时能够被以所述预定角度排放的排放物破坏，以使所述热管理部件(50)内的所述流体从所述热管理部件(50)的内部排出。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件(50)上设置有温敏材料，所述温敏材料被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时能够被以所述预定角度排放的排放物熔化，以使所述流体从所述热管理部件(50)的内部排出。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池，其中，所述温敏材料设置在所述热管理部件(50)面向以所述预定角度排放的排放物的区域上。
  18. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的电池。
  19. 一种制备电池的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)包括泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21a)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供热管理部件(50)，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(20)调节温度，所述热管理部件(50)的第一表面(51)附接于所述第一壁(21a)；
    提供支撑件(60)，所述支撑件(60)与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置，所述支撑件(60)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时支撑所述泄压机构(213)，以使所述泄压机构(213)打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体(20)的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件(50)排放。
  20. 一种制备电池的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    提供模块，用于：
    提供电池单体(20)，所述电池单体(20)包括泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21a)，所述泄压机构(213)用于在所述电池单体(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供热管理部件(50)，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体(20)调节温度，所述热管理部件(50)的第一表面(51)附接于所述第一壁(21a)；
    提供支撑件(60)，所述支撑件(60)与所述泄压机构(213)相对设置，所述支撑件(60)被配置为在所述泄压机构(213)致动时支撑所述泄压机构(213)，以使所述泄压机构(213)打开预定角度，从而所述电池单体(20)的排放物能够朝向所述热管理部件(50)排放。
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