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WO2022205069A1 - 电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 - Google Patents

电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205069A1
WO2022205069A1 PCT/CN2021/084416 CN2021084416W WO2022205069A1 WO 2022205069 A1 WO2022205069 A1 WO 2022205069A1 CN 2021084416 W CN2021084416 W CN 2021084416W WO 2022205069 A1 WO2022205069 A1 WO 2022205069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
battery
pressure
cavity
sub
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084416
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨飘飘
陈小波
李耀
黎贤达
岳金如
顾明光
胡璐
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180001151.7A priority Critical patent/CN115668614B/zh
Priority to JP2023530039A priority patent/JP2023550400A/ja
Priority to EP21770112.7A priority patent/EP4096004A4/en
Priority to KR1020237016346A priority patent/KR20230090338A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084416 priority patent/WO2022205069A1/zh
Priority to US17/551,775 priority patent/US11784371B2/en
Publication of WO2022205069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205069A1/zh
Priority to US18/462,030 priority patent/US20240088498A1/en
Priority to US18/462,008 priority patent/US20230420774A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery case, a battery, an electrical device, a method for preparing a battery, and a device for preparing a battery.
  • the present application provides a battery case, a battery, an electrical device, a method for preparing a battery, and a device for preparing a battery, which can enhance the safety of the battery.
  • a battery case comprising: an electrical cavity for accommodating a plurality of battery cells, at least one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism a mechanism for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells provided with the pressure relief mechanism reaches a threshold value; a thermal management component for containing a fluid to supply the plurality of battery cells regulating temperature; and a collection chamber for collecting emissions from the battery cells provided with the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; wherein the thermal management component is for isolating the pressure relief mechanism
  • the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, the thermal management component is provided with a pressure relief area, and the exhaust collected in the collection cavity is discharged through the pressure relief area.
  • the electrical cavity for accommodating the battery cells is separated from the collection cavity for collecting the discharge by using the thermal management component.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the discharge of the battery cell enters the collection cavity without Entering or entering into the electrical cavity in a small amount so as not to cause a short circuit between the electrical connection parts in the electrical cavity, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the emissions are discharged into the collection cavity, and then discharged to the outside of the collection cavity through the pressure relief area, which can extend the discharge path of the emissions, effectively reduce the temperature of the emissions, and reduce the impact of the emissions on the emissions.
  • the influence of the external environment of the battery battery further enhances the safety of the battery.
  • the pressure relief area is staggered from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief area in the embodiment of the present application is the area provided on the thermal management component that does not correspond to the pressure relief mechanism, that is, the position of the pressure relief area and the pressure relief mechanism are staggered.
  • the internal emissions are smoothly discharged to the outside of the collection chamber through the pressure relief area, so as to achieve the effect of extending the exhaust path, effectively reduce the temperature of the emissions, and reduce the impact of the emissions on the external environment of the battery, thereby further enhancing the battery. safety.
  • the pressure relief area is a pressure relief hole, and the discharge collected in the collection cavity is discharged through the pressure relief hole; or the pressure relief area is a weak area, and the collected material in the collection cavity is discharged through the pressure relief hole; The discharge is discharged after destroying the weak zone.
  • the pressure relief area in the embodiment of the present application may be a pressure relief hole, at this time, the discharge in the collection chamber may be directly discharged through the pressure relief hole, or the pressure relief area in the embodiment of the present application may also be a weak When the pressure or temperature in the collection chamber reaches a certain threshold, it can break through the weak area and then discharge.
  • the electrical chamber includes: a first pressure balancing mechanism, the first pressure balancing mechanism is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the box, and after the exhaust passes through the pressure relief area, it passes through the The first pressure balance mechanism is discharged to the outside of the tank.
  • the discharge in the collection chamber passes through the pressure relief area, it can be further discharged to the outside of the box through the first pressure balance mechanism.
  • the discharge can be discharged from the electrical chamber in time. , reducing the impact of emissions on other battery cells.
  • first pressure balance mechanisms there may be one or more first pressure balance mechanisms in the embodiment of the present application, and the number of the first pressure balancing mechanisms may be set according to the actual situation, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical cavity includes a first sub-cavity and a second sub-cavity, the second sub-cavity is disposed adjacent to the first sub-cavity; the first sub-cavity is used for accommodating the multiple a battery cell, the first pressure balance mechanism is provided on the outer wall of the second sub-chamber, the exhaust collected in the collection chamber enters the second sub-chamber through the pressure relief area, and passes through the second sub-chamber. The first pressure balance mechanism is discharged to the outside of the case.
  • the discharge in the collection chamber passes through the pressure relief area, it can enter a second sub-chamber that is isolated from the first sub-chamber for accommodating battery cells.
  • the emissions are isolated from the plurality of battery cells to reduce the impact of the emissions on the battery cells in the first sub-cavity.
  • the pressure relief area is provided in an area of the thermal management component corresponding to the second sub-cavity.
  • the exhaust in the collection chamber can enter the second sub-chamber after passing through the pressure-relief area, so that the exhaust can be further buffered to achieve the effect of extending the exhaust path, and then The temperature of the discharge is effectively lowered, and the impact of the discharge on the external environment of the battery is reduced, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • a second pressure balancing mechanism is provided on the wall shared by the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber, and the second pressure balancing mechanism is used to balance the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber. pressure between the second sub-chambers.
  • the second pressure balancing mechanism so that the pressure of the first sub-chamber can be discharged into the second sub-chamber through the second pressure balancing
  • the internal temperature or pressure in the sub-chamber is maintained in a normal state, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery, and at the same time, by releasing the internal temperature or pressure of the first sub-chamber into the second sub-chamber, it can provide a buffer area for the discharge of emissions, Thereby, the temperature of the discharge is further lowered, the impact of the discharge on the external environment of the battery is reduced, and the safety of the battery is further enhanced.
  • the second pressure balancing mechanism is one-way opening and closing, and the second pressure balancing mechanism is configured to send the pressure to the second pressure when the pressure or temperature in the first sub-chamber reaches a certain threshold. The subchamber relieves the internal pressure.
  • the second pressure balancing mechanism in the embodiment of the present application is unidirectional opening and closing, which can release the pressure in the first sub-chamber to the second sub-chamber, thereby ensuring the gap between the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber At the same time, the pressure is balanced, so that the discharge can only be released from the first sub-chamber into the second sub-chamber, preventing the discharge in the second sub-chamber from entering the first sub-chamber and affecting the safety of the battery cells.
  • the first sub-chamber communicates with the second sub-chamber only through the second pressure balance mechanism.
  • the gas in the second sub-chamber will not enter the first sub-chamber through other channels, preventing high-temperature emissions Affects the cells in the first sub-cavity that have not undergone thermal runaway.
  • other walls of the first sub-chamber except the wall shared with the second sub-chamber are provided with a third pressure balancing mechanism, and the third pressure balancing mechanism is used for the first sub-chamber.
  • the third pressure balancing mechanism is used for the first sub-chamber.
  • the third pressure balancing mechanism in the embodiment of the present application can discharge the pressure in the first sub-chamber in time, so that the air pressure inside and outside the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber is maintained in a normal state, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery.
  • the electrical cavity is provided with a hollow beam
  • the second wall of the second sub-cavity is formed by at least a part of the hollow beam
  • a fourth pressure balance mechanism is provided on the second wall, so The exhaust collected in the collection chamber enters the hollow beam through the pressure relief area, enters the second sub-chamber through the fourth pressure balance mechanism, and is discharged to the hollow beam through the first pressure balance mechanism. outside of the box.
  • the discharge in the collection cavity can enter the hollow beam through the pressure relief area and then enter the second sub-chamber through the fourth pressure balancing mechanism, and be discharged in the second sub-chamber. After the pressure and temperature in the sub-chamber reaches a certain threshold, it is discharged outside the box, thereby ensuring the balance of the internal and external pressure of the battery and enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the electrical cavity is provided with a hollow beam
  • the hollow beam is used to connect with the outer wall of the electrical cavity
  • the fifth pressure balance mechanism is provided on the outer wall of the electrical cavity, and the collecting The discharge collected in the cavity enters the hollow beam through the pressure relief area, and is discharged to the outside of the tank through the fifth pressure balance mechanism.
  • the discharge in the collection chamber after the discharge in the collection chamber passes through the pressure relief area, it can enter the hollow beam and be discharged through the fifth pressure balance mechanism on the outer wall of the electrical chamber connected to the hollow beam.
  • the collection By setting the hollow beam, the collection can be extended for a long time.
  • the discharge path of the discharge in the cavity provides sufficient time for effectively reducing the temperature of the discharge, and reduces the impact of the discharge on the external environment of the battery, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the pressure relief area is provided in an area of the thermal management component corresponding to the hollow beam.
  • the discharge in the collection cavity can enter the hollow beam through the pressure relief area, so that the discharge can be further buffered, the effect of extending the exhaust path is achieved, and then the discharge can be effectively reduced
  • the temperature can reduce the impact of emissions on the external environment of the battery, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery; in addition, the space inside the hollow beam can be directly used, and there is no need to set up additional gas buffer space, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the hollow beam is provided with a cooling material.
  • the cooling material in the hollow beam, on the one hand, the emission can be cooled, and on the other hand, the function of protecting the side wall of the hollow beam can be achieved.
  • a surface of the thermal management component facing away from the plurality of battery cells is provided with a cooling material.
  • the cooling material By arranging the cooling material on the wall (ie, the bottom wall) of the thermal management component that is away from the surface of the battery cell, the temperature of the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can be reduced, thereby reducing the impact of the exhaust on the external environment, thereby enhancing the battery safety.
  • the cooling material arranged on the bottom wall of the thermal management component in the embodiment of the present application may be arranged to avoid the pressure relief mechanism and the above-mentioned pressure relief area.
  • the case further includes: a protective member, the protective member is used to be located on a side that protects the thermal management component away from the battery cell, the protective member and the thermal management component form a contact with the thermal management component.
  • the collection cavity formed by the protective member and the thermal management component can effectively collect and buffer the exhaust, and reduce its risk.
  • the protective member can protect the thermal management components and prevent the thermal management components from being damaged by foreign objects. Further, by disposing the cooling material on the protective member, on the one hand, the temperature of the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism can be reduced, and on the other hand, the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the bottom of the protective member can be reduced to protect the protective member.
  • the shielding member and the thermal management component are hermetically connected.
  • the protective member in the embodiment of the present application can be sealed with the thermal management component, so that the discharge in the collection cavity passes through the pressure relief area and then is discharged from the battery case, which is similar to the way in which the discharge is directly discharged through the bottom wall of the protective member.
  • the embodiments of the present application can extend the discharge path of the discharge, further reduce the temperature of the discharge, and reduce the impact of the discharge on the external environment of the battery, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the cooling material disposed on the protective member is disposed in a region of the protective member corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the effective degree of cooling the discharge can be improved, and a better protection effect can be achieved on the bottom of the protective member.
  • the cooling material is a phase change material.
  • the cooling material in the embodiment of the present application may be a phase change material, and the phase change material may melt and cool the discharge when it encounters high-temperature emissions, and the cooling material in the embodiment of the present application may also be other materials. , as long as the cooling effect can be achieved, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the phase change material in the embodiments of the present application may be coated on the surface of the exhaust path including the hollow beam, the thermal management component and the protective member by means of coating, wherein the present application implements
  • a high temperature resistant material such as mica paper
  • mica paper can also be pasted on the surface including the above-mentioned exhaust path to protect the surface of the above-mentioned exhaust path.
  • the thermal management component is configured to enable the exhaust to pass through the thermal management component and into the collection cavity when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the thermal management component in the embodiment of the present application may be destroyed, so that the exhaust passes through the thermal management component and enters the collection cavity, or, the thermal management component may directly communicate with the collection cavity, so that the exhaust does not need to destroy the thermal management. The part can then enter the collection chamber.
  • the thermal management component has walls common to the electrical cavity and the collection cavity.
  • the thermal management component acts as a common wall of the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, the discharge can be isolated from the electrical cavity, thereby reducing the danger of the discharge and enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the thermal management component is configured to be broken upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to allow the fluid to flow out.
  • the fluid can be used to cool the battery cells and emissions, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the thermal management component includes: a first thermally conductive plate attached to the plurality of battery cells; and a second thermally conductive plate disposed on the a side of the first heat-conducting plate facing away from the battery cells; and a flow channel formed between the first heat-conducting plate and the second heat-conducting plate for the fluid to flow therein.
  • the thermal management component in the embodiment of the present application includes a first thermal conductive plate and a second thermal conductive plate, and a flow channel for accommodating fluid can be formed in the thermal management component through the first thermal conductive plate and the second thermal conductive plate, so that the battery Cooling or heating of monomers.
  • the thermal management component is not provided with the flow channel in the pressure relief area.
  • Not arranging a flow channel at the position where the pressure relief area is located can make it easier for the discharge in the collection chamber to be discharged through the pressure relief area.
  • a battery comprising: a plurality of battery cells, at least one battery cell in the plurality of battery cells includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is configured to actuation to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells of the pressure mechanism reaches a threshold value; and, the case according to the first aspect.
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery of the second aspect.
  • the powered device is a vehicle, a ship or a spacecraft.
  • a method for preparing a battery comprising: providing a plurality of battery cells, at least one of the plurality of battery cells includes a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for setting When the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells with the pressure relief mechanism reaches a threshold, it is actuated to relieve the internal pressure; a case is provided, the case includes: an electrical cavity for accommodating the plurality of battery cells a thermal management component for containing fluid to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery cells; and a collection chamber for collecting the fluid from the pressure relief mechanism provided with the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated Emissions from battery cells; wherein, the thermal management component is used to isolate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, a pressure relief area is provided on the thermal management component, and the exhaust collected in the collection cavity is reused Exhaust through the pressure relief area; accommodate the plurality of battery cells in the electrical cavity.
  • an apparatus for preparing a battery comprising: a first providing module for providing a plurality of battery cells, at least one battery cell in the plurality of battery cells includes a pressure relief mechanism, the The pressure relief mechanism is used for actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism reaches a threshold value; the second providing module is used for providing a case body, the case body including: an electrical cavity for containing the plurality of battery cells; a thermal management component for containing a fluid to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery cells; and a collection cavity for causing the pressure relief mechanism
  • the exhaust from the battery cells provided with the pressure relief mechanism is collected during operation; wherein, the thermal management component is used to isolate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, and a drain is provided on the thermal management component a pressure area, and the exhaust collected in the collection chamber is discharged through the pressure relief area; a module is installed for accommodating the plurality of battery cells in the electrical chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell group disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a battery cell disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7a is a schematic plan view of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7b is a cross-sectional view of a box body disclosed in an embodiment of the present application along the A-A' direction;
  • Figure 7c is a partial detail view corresponding to position B in Figure 7b;
  • FIG. 8a is an exploded view of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8b is a schematic plan view of the cell corresponding to Figure 8a;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery case disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 11a is an exploded view of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11b is a schematic plan view of the cell corresponding to Figure 11a;
  • Figure 11c is an exploded view of the thermal management component and hollow beam corresponding to Figure 11a;
  • Fig. 12a is a cross-sectional view of a box body disclosed in an embodiment of the present application along the direction A-A' in Fig. 11b;
  • Figure 12b is a partial detail view corresponding to position C in Figure 12a;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery case disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14a is a sectional view corresponding to the direction A-A' in Fig. 8b;
  • Figure 14b is a partial detail view corresponding to position D in Figure 14a;
  • Figure 14c is a schematic diagram of the layout of the cooling material on the thermal management component
  • Figure 14d is an exploded view of the cooling material and thermal management components
  • Figure 15 is a partial detail view of a cooling material layout corresponding to position E in Figure 11a;
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of an avoidance structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present application as an avoidance cavity
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an avoidance structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present application as a through hole
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for preparing a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery cell may include a primary battery or a secondary battery, for example, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may be a battery pack or the like.
  • a battery pack typically includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is not coated.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer was used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is actuated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold can be adjusted according to different design requirements.
  • the predetermined threshold value may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may employ elements or components such as pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to form a vent for internal pressure or temperature relief. aisle.
  • the "actuating" mentioned in this application refers to the action of the pressure relief mechanism, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell can be released. Actions produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to, rupture, tearing, or melting of at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism, among others. After the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the high temperature and high pressure substances inside the battery cells will be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism as a discharge. In this way, the battery cells can be depressurized under controlled pressure or temperature conditions, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a battery cell is short-circuited or overcharged, it may cause thermal runaway inside the battery cell, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released through the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to prevent the battery cells from exploding and catching fire.
  • the main focus is to release the high pressure and high heat inside the battery cell, that is, to discharge the exhaust to the outside of the battery cell.
  • the flame, smoke and gas generated after the battery cells are out of control can instantly reach a temperature of over 1000°C.
  • the emissions will directly impact the bottom of the battery box, which is easy to ablate the corrosion resistance at the bottom of the box.
  • it forms a high temperature hot spot, which can easily ignite the mixture of combustible gas and air, causing a fire incident.
  • it is easy to accumulate high temperature particles on the exhaust path, which increases the temperature of other battery cells, which may further lead to thermal runaway events. Therefore, there is a security risk.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution that utilizes a thermal management component to separate an electrical cavity for accommodating battery cells and a collection cavity for collecting emissions, and when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the emissions of the battery cells are Entering the collecting cavity, but not entering the electric cavity or entering a small amount into the electric cavity, so that the electrical connection parts in the electric cavity will not be turned on and short-circuited, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the discharge of the battery cell out of control is discharged into the collection chamber, it is discharged to the outside of the battery through the pressure relief area.
  • the temperature of the discharge can be effectively reduced and the impact of the discharge on the outside of the battery can be reduced. environmental impact, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the thermal management part is used to isolate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity, so that the electrical cavity and the collection cavity are arranged on both sides of the thermal management part.
  • the thermal management component may contain fluid to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the fluid here can be liquid or gas, and adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling a plurality of battery cells.
  • the thermal management component is used to contain a cooling fluid to lower the temperature of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the thermal management component may also be used for heating to heat up a plurality of battery cells, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation.
  • the fluid may be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, or the like.
  • the electrical cavity referred to in this application can be used to accommodate multiple battery cells and bus components.
  • the electrical cavity can be sealed or unsealed.
  • the electrical cavity provides installation space for battery cells and bus components.
  • a structure for fixing the battery cells may also be provided in the electrical cavity.
  • the shape of the electrical cavity can be determined according to the number and shape of the battery cells and bus components to be accommodated.
  • the electrical cavity may be square with six walls.
  • the bus components mentioned in this application are used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells, such as parallel connection or series connection or mixed connection.
  • the bus part can realize electrical connection between the battery cells by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells.
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells by welding.
  • the collection chamber mentioned in this application is used to collect the effluent and can be sealed or unsealed.
  • the collection chamber may contain air, or other gases.
  • the collection chamber may also contain liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a component for accommodating the liquid may be provided to further cool the discharge that enters the collection chamber. Further optionally, the gas or liquid in the collection chamber is circulated.
  • the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships, and spacecraft.
  • the spacecraft includes Planes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 may be provided with a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom of the vehicle 1 or at the front or rear of the vehicle.
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for the starting, navigation and operation power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 in place of or partially in place of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery cell of the present application may include a plurality of battery cells, wherein the plurality of battery cells may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • a battery can also be called a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, a plurality of battery cells can directly form a battery, or a battery module can be formed first, and then the battery module can be formed into a battery.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may further include a box body, the inside of the box body is a hollow structure, and the plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body.
  • the box body may include two parts, which are referred to as the first part 111 and the second part 112 respectively, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are fastened together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may be determined according to the combined shape of the battery cells 20 , and each of the first part 111 and the second part 112 may have an opening.
  • both the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be a hollow cuboid and each has only one surface that is an open surface, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are interlocked with each other Combined to form a box with a closed chamber.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel or in series or in a mixed connection and then placed in the box formed by the first part 111 and the second part 112 being fastened together.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may further include a bussing component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells, such as parallel or series or hybrid.
  • the bus member may realize electrical connection between the battery cells by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells.
  • the bus members may be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells by welding. The electrical energy of the plurality of battery cells can be further drawn out through the box body through the conductive mechanism.
  • the number of battery cells can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to achieve larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells included in each battery 10 may be large, in order to facilitate installation, the battery cells may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells constitutes a battery module 200. The number of battery cells included in the battery module 200 is not limited, and can be set according to requirements. For example, FIG. 3 is an example of a battery module.
  • the battery may include a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or mixed.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 and a cover plate 212 .
  • the casing 211 and the cover plate 212 form the housing 21 .
  • Both the wall of the case 211 and the cover plate 212 are referred to as the wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate 212 , and the two electrode terminals 214 are a positive electrode terminal 214a and a negative electrode terminal 214b respectively.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is correspondingly provided with a connecting member 23 , which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first tabs 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to one electrode terminal through one connecting member 23
  • the second tabs 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to another electrode terminal through another connecting member 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be set in a single or multiple number. As shown in FIG. 4 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 including a pressure relief mechanism 213 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the casing 211 , the cover plate 212 , the electrode assembly 22 and the connecting member 23 in FIG. 5 are the same as the casing 211 , the cover plate 212 , the electrode assembly 22 and the connecting member 23 in FIG. .
  • the battery cell shown in FIG. 5 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is disposed on the bottom wall of the battery cell 20 , that is, the wall 21 a in FIG. 5 , wherein the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a part of the wall 21 a or a separate structure from the wall 21 a , which is fixed to the wall 21a by, for example, welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is a part of the wall 21a, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be formed by arranging a notch on the wall 21a, and the thickness of the wall 21a corresponding to the notch is smaller than that of the pressure relief mechanism 213 except the notch. Thickness of other areas.
  • the notch is the weakest position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 can The rupture occurs at the notch, causing the casing 211 to communicate with the inside and outside, and the gas pressure and temperature are released outward through the cracking of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from exploding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is described as being located on the bottom wall of the battery cell 20 as an example, but it should be understood that the pressure relief mechanism 213 in the embodiment of the present application may be located on the side wall of the casing 211 , or may also be It is located on the cover plate 212, or, it may also be located at the intersection of the two walls of the housing 211, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be various possible pressure relief structures, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to be able to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism is configured to be able to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the case 11 may include an electrical cavity 11 a , a collection cavity 11 b and a thermal management part 13 .
  • the discharge is generally discharged to the outside of the battery after passing through the collection chamber. Due to the high temperature of the discharge, it may cause greater damage to the collection chamber, and the accumulation of high-temperature discharge is easy. A thermal runaway event is triggered, and the emissions discharged to the outside of the battery through the collection chamber have a greater impact on the external environment.
  • the embodiments of the present application propose a battery case, which utilizes a thermal management component to separate an electrical cavity for accommodating battery cells and a collection cavity for collecting emissions.
  • the pressure relief mechanism When the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the discharge of the battery cells The material enters the collection cavity, but does not or a small amount enter the electrical cavity, so that the electrical connection parts in the electrical cavity will not be turned on and short-circuited, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the discharge of the battery cells out of control is discharged into the collection chamber, it passes through the pressure relief area and is discharged to the outside of the battery. The influence of the external environment of the battery further enhances the safety of the battery.
  • the electrical cavity 11a is used for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 20, and at least one battery cell 20 in the plurality of battery cells 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to The pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells 20 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold value; the thermal management component 13 is used to contain fluid to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 20 ; and, The collection chamber 11b is used to collect the exhaust from the battery cells 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated; wherein the thermal management component 13 is used to isolate the electrical The cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, the thermal management component 13 is provided with a pressure relief area 213, and the exhaust collected in the collection cavity 11b is discharged through the pressure relief area.
  • the electrical cavity 11 a in the embodiment of the present application may also be used to accommodate the bus component 12 , and the bus component 12 is used to realize the electrical connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component 12 can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals 214 of the battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 involved in the related description of the pressure relief mechanism 213 below refers to the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the battery cell 20 may be the battery cell 20 in FIG. 5 .
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application may accommodate a cooling medium to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 20.
  • the thermal management component 13 may also be referred to as a cooling component, Cooling system or cooling plate etc.
  • the thermal management component 13 may also be used for heating, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid can be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation.
  • the heat management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application is not provided with the flow channel in the pressure relief area.
  • No flow channel is provided at the position corresponding to the pressure relief area, so that the discharge in the collection chamber 11b can be more easily discharged from the collection chamber 11b through the pressure relief area.
  • the thermal management component 13 is used to isolate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b.
  • isolation here refers to separation, which may not be hermetically sealed. That is, the electrical chamber 11a accommodating the plurality of battery cells 20 is separated from the collection chamber 11b where the exhaust is collected. In this way, when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the discharge of the battery cells 20 enters the collection cavity 11b, but does not enter or enter into the electrical cavity 11a in a small amount, so as not to affect the electrical connection in the electrical cavity 11a, so that the battery can be strengthened security.
  • the thermal management component 13 has a wall common to the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be a wall of the electrical chamber 11a and a wall of the collection chamber 11b at the same time. That is to say, the thermal management part 13 (or a part thereof) can directly serve as a wall shared by the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity, so that the discharge of the battery cells 20 can enter the collection cavity 11b through the thermal management part 13, and at the same time, due to the heat
  • the existence of the management component 13 can isolate the discharge from the electrical cavity 11a as much as possible, thereby reducing the danger of the discharge and enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application may include a first thermal conduction plate and a second thermal conduction plate, as shown in FIGS. 7 a to 7 c .
  • 7a is a schematic plan view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7b is a cross-sectional view of the case along the A-A' direction of an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7c is a partial detail view corresponding to FIG. 7b.
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application may include a first thermal conductive plate 131 attached to the plurality of battery cells 20 ; a second thermal conductive plate 132 , a second thermal conductive plate 132 132 is arranged on the side of the first heat conduction plate 131 facing away from the battery cells 20; and a flow channel 133 formed between the first heat conduction plate 131 and the second heat conduction plate 132 for fluid to flow therein.
  • the first heat-conducting plate 131 in the embodiment of the present application may not be directly attached to the battery cells 20 , but may also be provided with a thermal pad or the like between the plurality of battery cells 20 . This is not limited.
  • the first heat conduction plate 131 and the second heat conduction plate 132 may form a flow channel 133 for accommodating fluid.
  • the first heat-conducting plate 131 is located on the side of the second heat-conducting plate 132 close to the electrical cavity 11b, and is attached to the wall 21a.
  • the material of the first heat conduction plate 131 and the second heat conduction plate 132 may be metal.
  • metal For example aluminium or steel.
  • thermal management component 13 is merely an exemplary description of an implementation manner of the thermal management component 13, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the discharge In the current battery discharge solution, the discharge is directly discharged to the outside of the battery 10 after entering the collection chamber 11b. At this time, due to the high temperature of the discharge, it may cause damage to the bottom of the battery box 11, and the high temperature discharge The accumulation of pollutants is likely to cause thermal runaway, and after the high-temperature exhaust is discharged from the battery 10 , the external environment of the battery 10 is also relatively threatened.
  • the pressure relief area provided on the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application can allow the exhaust collected in the collection chamber 11b to pass through the pressure relief area and then be discharged to the outside of the collection chamber 11b.
  • the discharge path of the exhaust collected in the collection chamber 11b is extended, and the temperature of the exhaust can be further reduced, thereby reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the external environment. Enhance battery safety.
  • the pressure relief area and the pressure relief mechanism 213 in the embodiment of the present application may be staggered.
  • the exhaust path can be extended, and the temperature of the exhaust can be further reduced.
  • the staggered setting in the embodiment of the present application may mean that the two are not set correspondingly in position, but are separated from each other.
  • the above-mentioned pressure relief area may be a pressure relief hole, through which the exhaust collected by the collection cavity 11b is discharged, or the pressure relief area is a weak area, and the collection cavity 11b collects The discharge is discharged after destroying the weak area.
  • the exhaust in the collection chamber 11b can directly pass through the pressure relief hole, enter a specific exhaust path, and then be discharged from the battery case 11 .
  • the pressure relief area is a weak area
  • the weak area can be processed by thinning on the thermal management component 13, or a different material, such as a melting point, can be used in the area where the weak area is located from other areas on the thermal management component 13
  • a lower material when the temperature or pressure of the discharge in the collection chamber 11b reaches a certain threshold, it can break through the weak area into a specific discharge path and be discharged from the battery case 11 .
  • the electrical chamber 11a in the embodiment of the present application may include a first pressure balance mechanism, and the first pressure balance mechanism is used to balance the pressure inside and outside the box, and the discharge passes through the pressure relief area Afterwards, it is discharged to the outside of the tank through the first pressure balance mechanism. After passing through the pressure relief area, the exhaust in the collection chamber 11b can enter a specific exhaust path and be discharged to the outside of the tank 11 through the first pressure balance mechanism.
  • the discharge can be discharged from the electrical cavity in time, and the influence of the discharge on other battery cells can be reduced.
  • the pressure balance mechanism in the embodiment of the present application means that the box body 11 can be opened and closed by the pressure balance mechanism, so that the pressures on both sides of the pressure balance mechanism can be balanced.
  • the first pressure balance mechanism can be opened and closed in one direction. At this time, the first pressure balance mechanism can release the pressure inside the battery case 11 to the outside of the battery case 11, or the first pressure balance mechanism can also It is two-way opening and closing, so that the pressure inside and outside the battery box 11 can be balanced, which is not limited in this application.
  • first pressure balance mechanisms there may be one or more first pressure balance mechanisms in the embodiment of the present application, and the number of the first pressure balancing mechanisms may be set according to the actual situation, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first pressure balance mechanism in the embodiment of the present application may be a pressure relief valve, or may also be another balance mechanism that can balance the internal and external pressure of the box body 11, or the first pressure balance mechanism in the embodiment of the present application. It can also be a through hole.
  • the exhaust in the collection chamber 11b is discharged to the outside of the box 11 through the pressure relief area and the first pressure balance mechanism, which can extend the exhaust path of the exhaust, further reduce the temperature of the exhaust, and reduce the impact of high-temperature exhaust on the battery box 11. and the influence of the external environment, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • a specific exhaust path that can enter is then exhausted from the outside of the battery case 11 through the first pressure balance structure, wherein the The specific exhaust path may include: a separate chamber separate from the chamber for accommodating the battery cells, or may pass through the pressure relief area and enter the interior of the hollow beam.
  • the electrical cavity 11a in the embodiment of the present application may include a first sub-cavity 111a and a second sub-cavity 112a, wherein the first sub-cavity 111a is used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20, the first sub-cavity 111a
  • the second sub-chamber 112a is disposed adjacent to the first sub-chamber 111a; the outer wall of the second sub-chamber 112a is provided with a first pressure balancing mechanism 15, and the discharge collected in the collecting chamber 11b enters the second sub-chamber 112a through the pressure relief area , and is discharged to the outside of the tank 11 through the first pressure balance mechanism 15 .
  • Fig. 8a is an exploded view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 8b is a schematic plan view of the battery corresponding to Fig. 8a. As shown in FIG.
  • the electrical cavity 11a may include a first sub-cavity 111a and a second sub-cavity 112a
  • the first sub-cavity 111a may be used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 20, wherein the first sub-cavity 111a and the second sub-cavity 111a
  • the sub-cavities 112a are mutually isolated spaces to prevent the discharges entering the second sub-cavities 11b from entering the first sub-cavities 111a containing the battery cells 20, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the battery.
  • the table shows the manner in which the first sub-cavity 111a may be divided into four parts by the beam 113a in the electrical cavity 11a, but this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be provided with a pressure relief hole 14, or may be a weak area of the thinning process, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application .
  • the pressure relief hole 14 is provided in a region of the thermal management component 13 corresponding to the second sub-chamber 112 a , so that the exhaust in the collection chamber 11 b can enter the second sub-chamber 112 a through the pressure relief hole 14 .
  • a first pressure balancing mechanism 15 may be provided on the outer wall of the second sub-chamber 112a, and the discharge collected in the collecting chamber 11b passes through the drain. After pressing the hole 14, it enters the second sub-chamber 112a. When the pressure or temperature in the second sub-chamber 112a reaches a certain threshold, it can be discharged from the first pressure balancing mechanism 15 provided on the outer wall of the second sub-chamber 112a to the battery box. the exterior.
  • a buffer zone can be set for the discharge, which can isolate the discharge from a plurality of battery cells, thereby reducing the impact of the discharge on the battery cells in the first sub-cavity 111a. body influence.
  • the box 11 in the embodiment of the present application may further include a top cover, such as the top cover 114 shown in FIG. 8 a , wherein the top cover 114 may correspond to the first part 111 in FIG. 2 , the electrical cavity 11 a and the collection cavity 11 b The whole may correspond to the second part 112 in FIG. 2 , or, alternatively, the top cover 114 may only correspond to the upper surface of the first part 111 in FIG. 2 , and the surrounding part of the first part 111 and the second part
  • the part composed of 112 may correspond to the whole composed of the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, which may be set according to the actual situation, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 can generally discharge the internal pressure and temperature through the corresponding pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the battery cell 20 The pressure in 20 is not discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213, but is released from other positions of the housing 211 and discharged into the electrical chamber 11a, so that the internal pressure and temperature in the electrical chamber 11a increase, if the gas cannot be discharged in time To the outside of the battery 10, the internal pressure of the battery 10 increases, which will cause damage to the mechanical parts of the battery 10; Balance cannot be restored quickly.
  • a second pressure balance mechanism 16 may be provided on the wall shared by the first subchamber 111a and the second subchamber 112a, and the second pressure balance mechanism 16 may be used to balance the first subchamber 111a and the second subchamber 112a. pressure between the second sub-chambers 112a.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic plan view of a battery provided with a second pressure balance mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 may be a schematic diagram corresponding to a situation in which a second sub-cavity 112 a is provided in the box body 11 .
  • a second pressure balancing mechanism 16 may be provided on the common wall of the first sub-chamber 111a and the second sub-chamber 112a.
  • the first sub-chamber 111a When the discharge generated by the battery cells 20 is not discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 and is discharged through other positions of the casing 211 , when the pressure and temperature in the first sub-chamber 111a reach a certain threshold, the first sub-chamber 111a is discharged.
  • the exhaust can be discharged into the second sub-chamber 112a through the second pressure balance mechanism 16, and then, when the pressure or temperature in the second sub-chamber 112a reaches a certain threshold, the exhaust can be discharged through the first pressure balance mechanism 15.
  • the second pressure balancing mechanism 16 in the embodiment of the present application is one-way opening and closing, and the second pressure balancing mechanism 16 is used to send the pressure to the second sub-chamber 111a when the pressure or temperature in the first sub-chamber 111a reaches a certain threshold.
  • the cavity relieves the internal pressure.
  • the first sub-chamber 111 a and the second sub-chamber 112 a in the embodiment of the present application may be communicated only through the second pressure balance mechanism 16 .
  • the exhaust in the second sub-chamber 112a will not enter the second sub-chamber 112a through other channels.
  • the high-temperature emissions are prevented from affecting the battery cells 20 in the first sub-cavity 111a that have not undergone thermal runaway.
  • the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to the situation where the internal and external pressures are unbalanced due to changes in the external environment of the battery 10 , which is not limited in the present application.
  • the second pressure balancing mechanism 16 is provided for the first sub-cavity 111a accommodating the battery cell 20, so that when the battery cell 20 is out of control, the exhaust that is not discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can smoothly pass through the second pressure balance
  • the mechanism 16 is discharged to the second sub-chamber 112a, and is discharged to the outside of the battery 10 through the first pressure balancing mechanism 15.
  • it can ensure that the internal pressure of the electrical chamber 11a is discharged in time to avoid the disaster caused by the high internal temperature or pressure of the battery 10.
  • the discharge path of the discharge can be extended, the temperature of the discharge can be reduced, and the impact of the discharge on the external environment can be reduced, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • a third pressure balance mechanism is provided on other walls of the first sub-chamber 111a except for the wall shared with the second sub-chamber 112a, and the third pressure balance The mechanism is used to release the internal pressure to the outside of the box body 11 when the pressure or temperature in the first sub-chamber 111a reaches a certain threshold.
  • the third pressure balancing mechanism By disposing the third pressure balancing mechanism on the walls other than the wall shared by the first sub-cavity 111a and the second sub-cavity 112a, the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cells 20 in the first sub-cavity 111a can be caused to thermally runaway.
  • the air pressure inside and outside the first sub-chamber 111a and the second sub-chamber 112a can be kept balanced by the third pressure balancing mechanism for timely discharge.
  • the electrical cavity 11a in the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a hollow beam 113a
  • the first wall of the second sub-cavity 112a is formed by at least a part of the hollow beam
  • the first wall is provided with a first wall.
  • a fourth pressure balancing mechanism 17 is provided on the first wall 20a common to the hollow beam 113a and the second sub-chamber 112a, and the discharge entering the hollow beam 113a through the pressure relief hole 14 can pass through
  • the fourth pressure balancing mechanism 17 enters the second sub-chamber 112a, and when the internal pressure and temperature in the second sub-chamber 112a reach a certain threshold, it can be discharged to the outside of the battery case 11 through the first pressure balancing mechanism 15, thereby Balance the air pressure inside and outside the battery.
  • the above hollow beam 113a and the following hollow beam 113a may refer to the same hollow beam, or, the two may also be different hollow beams, which are not limited in this application.
  • the electrical cavity 11a in the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a hollow beam 113a, the hollow beam 113a is used to connect with the outer wall of the electrical cavity 11a, and the outer wall of the electrical cavity 11a is provided with There is a fifth pressure balance mechanism 18 , the exhaust collected in the collection chamber 11b enters the hollow beam 113a through the pressure relief area, and is discharged to the box body 11 through the fifth pressure balance mechanism 18 external.
  • outer wall of the box body 11 involved in the embodiments of the present application may be a wall that is in direct contact with the air outside the box body 11 .
  • the electrical cavity 11a may include one or more hollow beams 113a, the one or more hollow beams 113a may separate the plurality of battery cells 20, wherein the one or more hollow beams 113a It may include hollow beams 113a arranged along the arrangement direction of a plurality of adjacent battery cells, and may also include hollow beams 113a perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the battery cells.
  • the above-mentioned pressure relief area such as the pressure relief hole 14 shown in FIG. 11c, or a weak area, may be provided on the thermal management component 13 at a position corresponding to the bottom of the hollow beam 113a, so that the discharge in the collection chamber 11b is collected.
  • the material can enter into the hollow beam 113a through the pressure relief hole 14.
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application includes the first thermal conduction plate 131 and the second thermal conduction plate 132, the first thermal conduction plate 131 and the second thermal conduction plate 131 Pressure relief holes 14 corresponding to the hollow beams 113a are provided on both heat conducting plates 132 .
  • FIG. 11c only exemplarily describes a way in which one hollow beam 113a in the box body 11 corresponds to the pressure relief hole 14 on the thermal management component 13, and other hollow beams 113a in the embodiment of the present application can also be matched with The pressure relief holes 14 at other positions of the thermal management component 13 correspond to, so that the exhaust in the collection chamber 11b enters the hollow beam 113a through the pressure relief holes 14, which is not limited in this application.
  • the pressure relief holes 14 in the embodiments of the present application are provided corresponding to the hollow beams 113a.
  • the pressure relief holes 14 and the hollow beams 113a can be communicated by punching holes at the bottom of the hollow beams 113a, or,
  • the hollow beam 113a may not be provided with a bottom wall, and the thermal management component 13 may be directly used as its bottom wall, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a fifth pressure balancing mechanism 18 may be provided on the outer wall of the box body 11. After the discharge collected in the collection chamber 11b passes through the pressure relief hole 14, it enters the hollow beam 113a, and the pressure or temperature inside the hollow beam 113a reaches a certain level. After the threshold value, it can be discharged to the outside of the battery box 11 through the fifth pressure balance mechanism 18 on the outer wall.
  • FIG. 12a shows a cross-sectional view of the box body according to the embodiment of the present application along the direction A-A' in FIG. 11b
  • FIG. 12b is a partial detail view corresponding to the hollow beam 113a in FIG. 12a.
  • the exhaust path of the collected emissions in the collection cavity 11b is elongated, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust emissions.
  • the influence of the collection chamber 11b is collected, and the temperature of the exhaust is further reduced, thereby reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the external environment, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery.
  • the collection chamber 11b may be formed by the thermal management part 13 and the protective member.
  • the case 11 further includes a protective member 115 .
  • the shielding member 115 is used to shield the thermal management part 13 , and the shielding member 115 and the thermal management part 13 form a collection cavity 11 b.
  • the collection cavity 11b formed by the protective member 115 and the thermal management component 13 does not occupy space for accommodating battery cells, so a larger space for the collection cavity 11b can be provided, thereby effectively collecting and buffering the exhaust and reducing its risk.
  • a fluid such as a cooling medium
  • a component for accommodating the fluid may be arranged to further reduce the temperature of the exhaust entering the collection chamber 11b.
  • the collection chamber 11b may be a sealed chamber.
  • the junction of the shielding member 115 and the thermal management component 13 may be sealed by a sealing member.
  • the hollow beam 113a and/or the thermal management component 13 eg, the surface of the thermal management component 13 facing away from the plurality of battery cells 20
  • a cooling material may also be provided on the surface of the protective member 115 .
  • the cooling material provided on the thermal management component 13 can be arranged on the bottom wall thereof, and avoid the position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the position corresponding to the pressure relief area. In this way, the cooling material provided on the bottom wall of the thermal management component 13 The material can cool the exhaust that enters the collection chamber 11 b after passing through the thermal management component 13 , thereby reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the case 11 and further reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the external environment of the battery 10 .
  • Figures 14a to 14d wherein Figure 14a is a cross-sectional view along the AA' direction in Figure 8b, Figure 14b is a partial detail view corresponding to Figure 14a, Figure 14c is the layout of the cooling material on the thermal management component
  • Figure 14d is an exploded view of the cooling material and thermal management components.
  • the cooling material 60 may be arranged on the bottom wall of the thermal management component 13, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the corresponding positions of the pressure relief holes 14 may be staggered, wherein, when the thermal management component 13 includes the first heat conducting plate 131 and the second heat-conducting plate 132 , the cooling material 60 is disposed on the bottom of the second heat-conducting plate 132 .
  • the cooling material may be disposed on the protective member 115 at a position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of setting a cooling material on a protective member according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial detail view corresponding to the position E in Fig. 11a.
  • the cooling material 60 may be disposed on the protective member 115 at a position corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • the exhaust from the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be directly cooled by the cooling material on the protective member 115 , thereby reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the casing 11 and further reducing the impact of the high-temperature exhaust on the external environment of the battery 10 .
  • a cooling material may also be arranged in the hollow beam 113a, and the specific arrangement is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cooling material used in the embodiment of the present application may be a phase change material (Phase Change Material, PCM) coating, and the phase change material may melt after contacting the high-temperature exhaust, and cool the exhaust.
  • PCM Phase Change Material
  • a high temperature resistant material such as mica paper
  • mica paper can also be pasted on the bottom wall of the protective member 115 and the thermal management component 13.
  • the cooling material in the embodiment of the present application may be arranged on the high temperature resistant material, so that the surface of the area where the emission passes can be protected while cooling the emission.
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application may be configured to allow the exhaust to pass through the thermal management component 13 and enter the collection cavity 11b when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be broken upon actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 213 , for example, a weakened area may be provided on the thermal management component 13 , and the weakened area may be broken so that emissions may pass through the thermal management component 13 into the collection chamber 11b.
  • a breaking device may also be provided on the pressure relief mechanism 213, and the breaking device is used for the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the pressure mechanism 213 destroys the thermal management component 13 when actuated to allow fluid to drain from the interior of the thermal management component 13 .
  • the destroying device may be a spike, but this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be provided with a through hole corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213. After the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the exhaust may enter the collection chamber 11b through the through hole on the thermal management component 13.
  • an avoidance structure can be provided on the surface of the thermal management component 13 of the present application close to the battery cells 20, and the avoidance structure is configured to provide a pressure relief mechanism. 213 Actuated space.
  • the thermal management component 13 may be attached to the plurality of battery cells 20 to form an escape cavity between the escape structure and the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an avoidance structure in an embodiment of the present application being an avoidance cavity.
  • the avoidance cavity 134 may be recessed toward the second heat conduction plate 132 through the first region 131a of the first heat conduction plate 131 in the embodiment of the present application to form the avoidance cavity 134, and the first region 131a is connected to the second heat conduction plate 132.
  • the heat conduction plate 132 see FIG. 7c for details.
  • a flow channel 133 is formed around the avoidance cavity 134, and there is no flow channel in the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity 134, so as to be destroyed by the discharge of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the escape cavity 134 includes an escape bottom wall and an escape side wall surrounding the escape cavity 134 .
  • the avoidance structure is a through hole passing through the thermal management component 13
  • the avoidance sidewall of the avoidance structure is a hole wall of the through hole.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating that an avoidance structure according to an embodiment of the present application is a through hole.
  • the avoidance structure is a through hole 137 .
  • the through hole 137 can serve as an escape structure on the one hand, and on the other hand, when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the discharge from the battery cells 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 can enter the collection cavity 11b through the through hole 137 .
  • the through hole 137 may be disposed opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 213 .
  • a deformation space can be provided for the pressure relief mechanism 213 , so that when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the exhaust can be discharged into the collection chamber 11 b through the through hole 137 .
  • the thermal management component 13 in the embodiment of the present application may be configured to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so as to allow the fluid to flow out.
  • both the side wall of the avoidance cavity 134 and the side wall of the through hole 137 can be damaged.
  • the escape cavity 134 or the through hole 137 since the discharge is high pressure and high heat discharge, the discharge will melt the hole wall of the escape cavity 134 or the through hole 137 when passing through the escape cavity 134 or the through hole 137, so that the fluid can be removed from the thermal management
  • the interior of the component 13 is vented, thereby cooling the emissions.
  • the heat of the battery cells 20 can be absorbed, and the temperature of the exhaust can be reduced, thereby reducing the danger of the exhaust.
  • the fluid enters the collection chamber 11b together with the fluid cooled discharge. Due to the cooling of the fluid, the temperature of the discharge from the battery cells 20 can be rapidly lowered, so the risk of the discharge entering the collection chamber 11b has been greatly reduced, and will not affect other parts of the battery (eg other battery cells 20 ) This can cause a greater impact, so that the damage caused by the abnormality of a single battery cell 20 can be suppressed at the first time, and the possibility of battery explosion can be reduced.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may include a plurality of battery cells 20 , and at least one battery cell 20 in the plurality of battery cells 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213 , and the pressure relief mechanism 213 For actuating to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value; and the case 11 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, and the electrical device may include the battery 10 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle 1, a ship or a spacecraft.
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 18, the method 300 may include:
  • At least one battery cell 20 of the plurality of battery cells 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213 , and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used in the battery provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 Actuation to relieve the internal pressure or temperature of the cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • box body 11 including: an electrical cavity 11 a for accommodating the plurality of battery cells 20 ; and a thermal management component 13 for accommodating a fluid to adjust the plurality of battery cells 20 temperature; and a collection chamber 11b for collecting the exhaust from the battery cells 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • thermal management part 13 is used to isolate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, a pressure relief area is provided on the thermal management part 13, and the exhaust collected in the collection cavity 11b Exhaust through the pressure relief area.
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 400 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 400 for preparing a battery may include: a first supply module 410 , a second supply module 420 and an installation module 430 .
  • the first providing module 410 is used to provide a plurality of battery cells 20, at least one battery cell 20 of the plurality of battery cells 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to The pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated to relieve the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the second providing module 420 is used to provide the case 11, the case 11 includes: an electrical cavity 11a for accommodating the plurality of battery cells 20; and a thermal management part 13 for accommodating a fluid to supply the plurality of The temperature of each battery cell 20 is adjusted; and the collection chamber 11b is used to collect the discharge from the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated; wherein, the The thermal management component 13 is used to isolate the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b, a pressure relief area is provided on the thermal management component 13, and the exhaust collected in the collection cavity 11b passes through the pressure relief area discharge.
  • a module 430 is installed for accommodating the plurality of battery cells 20 in the electrical cavity 11b.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置。该电池的箱体包括：电气腔；热管理部件；以及，收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述热管理部件上设置有泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域排出。本申请实施例的技术方案，能够增强电池的安全性。

Description

电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置、制备电池的方法和制备电池的装置，能够增强电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池的箱体，包括：电气腔，用于容纳多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述热管理部件上设置有泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域排出。
本申请实施例的电池箱体，利用热管理部件将容纳电池单体的电气腔与收集排 放物的收集腔分离，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物进入收集腔，而不进入或少量进入电气腔，从而不会使电气腔中的电连接部件之间发生短路，因此能够增强电池的安全性。同时，电池单体失控后产生的排放物排放到收集腔后，经过泄压区域再排出到收集腔的外部，其可以延长排放物的排放路径，有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压区域与所述泄压机构错开设置。
本申请实施例中的泄压区域为设置于热管理部件上的没有对应于泄压机构的区域，即泄压区域与泄压机构的位置错开，通过使两者的位置错开，可以使得收集腔内的排放物经过泄压区域顺利排出到收集腔的外部，从而可以达到延长排气路径的效果，有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压区域为泄压孔，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压孔排出；或所述泄压区域为薄弱区，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物破坏所述薄弱区后排出。
可选地，本申请实施例中的泄压区域可以为泄压孔，此时收集腔内的排放物可以直接经过泄压孔排出，或者，本申请实施例中的泄压区域也可以为薄弱区，当收集腔中的压力或温度到达一定阈值时，可以冲破薄弱区后排出。
在一些实施例中，所述电气腔包括：第一压力平衡机构，所述第一压力平衡机构用于平衡所述箱体内外的压力，所述排放物经过所述泄压区域后，通过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
本申请实施例中的收集腔中的排放物经过泄压区域之后，可以进一步通过第一压力平衡机构排出到箱体的外部，通过设置第一压力平衡机构，可以使排放物及时地排出电气腔，降低排放物对其他电池单体的影响。
可选地，本申请实施例中的第一压力平衡机构可以为一个或多个，其数量可以根据实际情况设置，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，所述电气腔包括第一子腔和第二子腔，所述第二子腔与所述第一子腔相邻设置；所述第一子腔用于容纳所述多个电池单体，所述第二子腔的外壁 上设置有所述第一压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述第二子腔，并通过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
收集腔内的排放物经过泄压区域之后，可以进入与用于容纳电池单体的第一子腔相互隔离的第二子腔，通过为排放物设置作为排放缓冲区的第二子腔，可以将排放物和多个电池单体隔离，降低排放物对第一子腔中的电池单体的影响。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压区域设置在所述热管理部件的对应于所述第二子腔的区域。
通过设置泄压区域对应于第二子腔，可以使得收集腔内的排放物经过泄压区域后进入第二子腔，从而可以对排放物进行进一步的缓冲，达到延长排气路径的效果，继而有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
电池电池在一些实施例中，所述第一子腔与所述第二子腔共用的壁上设置有第二压力平衡机构，所述第二压力平衡机构用于平衡所述第一子腔与所述第二子腔之间的压力。
本申请实施例中，当第一子腔的内部压力大于外部环境的压力时，如果不能及时将内部压力排出箱体外，则可能会导致电池的机械件受到损伤，本申请实施例中通过设置第二压力平衡机构，使得第一子腔的压力可以经过第二压力平衡机构排放到第二子腔中，并通过第二子腔的外壁上设置的第一压力平衡机构排出，从而使得第一子腔中的内部温度或压力维持正常状态，从而保证了电池的安全，同时，通过将第一子腔的内部温度或压力释放到第二子腔中，可以为排放物的排放提供缓冲区域，从而进一步降低了排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述第二压力平衡机构为单向开合的，所述第二压力平衡机构用于在所述第一子腔内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向所述第二子腔释放内部压力。
本申请实施例中的第二压力平衡机构是单方向开合的，其可以将第一子腔内的压力释放到第二子腔中，从而保证了第一子腔和第二子腔之间压力的平衡，同时，使 得排放物只能从第一子腔释放到第二子腔内，防止第二子腔内的排放物进入第一子腔中，影响电池单体的安全。
在一些实施例中，所述第一子腔与所述第二子腔仅通过所述第二压力平衡机构连通。
通过设置第一子腔与第二子腔仅通过第二压力平衡机构连通，使得当发生热失控时，第二子腔中的气体不会通过其他途径进入第一子腔中，防止高温排放物影响到第一子腔中的未发生热失控的电池单体。
在一些实施例中，所述第一子腔除了与所述第二子腔共用的壁的其他壁上设置有第三压力平衡机构，所述第三压力平衡机构用于在所述第一子腔内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向所述箱体的外部释放内部压力。
本申请实施例中的第三压力平衡机构，可以使得第一子腔内的压力及时排出，使得第一子腔和第二子腔内外的气压维持在正常状态，从而保证了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述电气腔设置有中空横梁，所述第二子腔的第二壁由所述中空横梁的至少一部分形成，所述第二壁上设置有第四压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述中空横梁内，再经过所述第四压力平衡机构进入所述第二子腔，再经过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
通过设置中空横梁以及中空横梁第二壁上的第四压力平衡机构，可以使得收集腔内的排放物通过泄压区域进入中空横梁后经过第四压力平衡机构进入第二子腔，并在第二子腔内的压力及温度达到一定阈值后排出箱体外部，从而保证了电池内外压力平衡，增强电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述电气腔设置有中空横梁，所述中空横梁用于与所述电气腔的外壁连接，所述电气腔的外壁上设置有所述第五压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述中空横梁内，并通过所述第五压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
本申请实施例中的收集腔中的排放物经过泄压区域之后，可以进入中空横梁，并通过与中空横梁连接的电气腔外壁上的第五压力平衡机构排出，通过设置中空横梁，可以延长收集腔内的排放物的排放路径，为有效降低排放物的温度提供足够的时 间，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压区域设置于所述热管理部件的对应于所述中空横梁的区域。
通过设置泄压区域对应于中空横梁，可以使得收集腔内的排放物经过泄压区域进入中空横梁，从而可以对排放物进行进一步的缓冲，达到延长排气路径的效果，继而有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性；再者，可以直接利用中空横梁内部的空间，无需再设置额外的气体缓冲空间，从而提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，所述中空横梁内设置有降温材料。
通过在中空横梁中设置降温材料，一方面可以对排放物进行降温，另一方面也可以达到保护中空横梁侧壁的作用。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件的背离所述多个电池单体的表面设置有降温材料。
通过在热管理部件的背离电池单体表面的壁(即底壁)上设置降温材料，可以对通过泄压机构排出的排放物进行降温，从而减少了排放物对外界环境的影响，从而增强了电池的安全性能。
可选地，本申请实施例中的热管理部件底壁上设置的降温材料可以是避开泄压机构以及上述的泄压区域设置的。
在一些实施例中，所述箱体还包括：防护构件，所述防护构件用于位于防护所述热管理部件背离所述电池单体一侧，所述防护构件与所述热管理部件形成所述收集腔，其中，所述防护构件上设置有降温材料。
所述防护构件与所述热管理部件形成的所述收集腔，可以有效地收集和缓冲所述排放物，降低其危险性。同时，防护构件可以对热管理部件起到防护作用，防止热管理部件被异物破坏。进一步地，通过在防护构件上设置降温材料，一方面可以降低从泄压机构排出的排放物的温度，另一方面，可以减少高温排放物对防护构件底部的冲击，保护防护构件。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件和所述热管理部件密封连接。
本申请实施例中的防护构件可以与热管理部件密封连接，使得收集腔内的排放物经过泄压区域之后再排出电池箱体，与排放物直接通过防护构件的底壁上直接排出的方式相比，本申请实施例可以延长排放物的排放路径，进一步降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述防护构件上设置的所述降温材料设置在所述防护构件的对应于所述泄压机构的区域。
通过设置防护构件上的降温材料与泄压机构对应，可以提高对排放物降温的有效程度，并对防护构件的底部达到更好的保护效果。
在一些实施例中，所述降温材料为相变材料。
可选地，本申请实施例中的降温材料可以为相变材料，相变材料在遇到高温排放物时可以融化并对排放物进行降温，本申请实施例中的降温材料也可以为其他材料，只要能达到降温的效果即可，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，本申请实施例中的相变材料可以使用涂覆的方式，将相变材料涂覆在包括中空横梁、热管理部件以及防护构件的排气路径的表面上，其中，本申请实施例还可以在包括上述的排气路径表面粘贴耐高温材料，如云母纸，以保护上述排气路径的表面。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够使所述排放物穿过所述热管理部件而进入所述收集腔。
可选地，本申请实施例中的热管理部件可以被破坏，以使得排放物穿过热管理部件进入收集腔，或者，热管理部件也可以直接与收集腔贯通，使得排放物不需要破坏热管理部件就可以进入收集腔。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件具有为所述电气腔和所述收集腔共用的壁。
由于所述热管理部件作为所述电气腔和所述收集腔共用的壁，可以将排放物与电气腔隔离，从而降低排放物的危险性，增强电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件被构造成在所述泄压机构致动时被破坏，以 使得所述流体流出。
通过构造热管理部件可以被破坏从而使流体流出，可以利用流体对电池单体及排放物进行降温，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件包括：第一导热板，所述第一导热板附接至所所述多个电池单体；第二导热板，所述第二导热板布置在所述第一导热板背离所述电池单体的一侧；以及流道，所述流道形成在所述第一导热板和所述第二导热板之间以供所述流体在其中流动。
本申请实施例中的热管理部件包括第一导热板和第二导热板，通过第一导热板和第二导热板可以在热管理部件中形成用于容纳流体的流道，从而可以实现对电池单体的降温或加热。
在一些实施例中，所述热管理部件在所述泄压区域未设置所述流道。
不在泄压区域所在的位置设置流道，可以使得收集腔内的排放物更容易经过泄压区域排出。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；以及，根据第一方面所述的箱体。
第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：第二方面所述的电池。
在一些实施例中，所述用电装置为车辆、船舶或航天器。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；提供箱体，所述箱体包括：电气腔，用于容纳所述多个电池单体；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，在所述热管理部件上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物再经过所述泄压区域排出；将所述多个电池单体容纳于所述电气腔中。
第五方面，提供了一种制备电池的装置，包括：第一提供模块，用于提供多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；第二提供模块，用于提供箱体，所述箱体包括：电气腔，用于容纳所述多个电池单体；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，在所述热管理部件上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物再经过所述泄压区域排出；安装模块，用于将所述多个电池单体容纳于所述电气腔中。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体组的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解图；
图5为本申请另一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池结构示意图；
图7a是本申请一实施例公开的一个电池的平面示意图；
图7b是本申请一实施例公开的箱体沿A-A’方向的剖面图；
图7c是对应于图7b中的位置B的局部细节图；
图8a是本申请一实施例公开的电池的分解图；
图8b是对应于图8a的电池的平面示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例公开的电池的平面示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的一个电池箱体的结构示意图；
图11a是本申请一实施例公开的另一个电池的分解图；
图11b是对应于图11a的电池的平面示意图；
图11c是对应于图11a的热管理部件和中空横梁的分解图；
图12a是本申请一实施例公开的箱体沿图11b中的A-A’方向的剖面图；
图12b是对应于图12a中的位置C的局部细节图；
图13是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池箱体的结构示意图；
图14a是对应于图8b中的沿A-A’方向的剖面图；
图14b是对应于图14a中的位置D局部细节图；
图14c是降温材料在热管理部件上的布局的示意图；
图14d是降温材料和热管理部件的分解图；
图15是对应于图11a中位置E的一个降温材料布局的局部细节图；
图16是本申请一实施例公开的一种避让结构为避让腔的示意图；
图17是本申请一实施例公开的一种避让结构为通孔的示意图；
图18是本申请一实施例公开的制备电池的方法的示意性流程图；
图19是本申请一实施例公开的制备电池的装置的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上(包括两个)；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括一次电池、二次电池，例如可以是锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以是电池包等。电池包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(PP)或聚乙烯(PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，为了提高电池的安全性能，对电池单体一般会设置泄压机构。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该预定阈值可以根据设计需求不同而进行调整。所述预定阈值可取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如对压力敏感或温度敏感的元件或部件，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构致动，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、被撕裂或者熔化，等等。泄压机构在致动后，电池单体内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从泄压机构向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当电池单体发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
目前的泄压机构设计方案中，主要关注将电池单体内部的高压和高热释放，即将所述排放物排出到电池单体外部。但是，电池单体失控后产生的火焰、烟雾及气体等，能够瞬间温度达到1000℃以上，若采用目前的排放方式，排放物直接冲击电池箱体的底部，容易烧蚀箱体底部的耐腐蚀涂层，同时形成高温热点，极易点燃可燃气体与空气的混合物，引发火灾事件，而且，容易在排气路径上堆积高温颗粒，使其他电池单体温度升高，可能进一步引发热失控事件，因而存在安全隐患。
鉴于此，本申请的实施例提供了一种技术方案，利用热管理部件将容纳电池单体的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔分离，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物进入收集腔，而不进入或少量进入电气腔，从而不会对电气腔中的电连接部件产生导通而发生短路，因此能够增强电池的安全性。同时，使电池单体失控后产生的排放物 排放到收集腔后，经过泄压区域排出到电池外部，通过延长排放物的排放路径，可以有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
热管理部件用于隔离电气腔和收集腔，以使电气腔和收集腔设置于热管理部件的两侧。该热管理部件可以容纳流体以给多个电池单体调节温度。这里的流体可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给多个电池单体加热或者冷却。在给电池单体冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体降低温度。另外，热管理部件也可以用于加热以给多个电池单体升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
本申请中所提到的电气腔可以用于容纳多个电池单体和汇流部件。电气腔可以是密封或非密封的。电气腔提供电池单体和汇流部件的安装空间。在一些实施例中，电气腔中还可以设置用于固定电池单体的结构。电气腔的形状可以根据所容纳的电池单体和汇流部件的数量和形状而定。在一些实施例中，电气腔可以为方形，具有六个壁。本申请中所提到的汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。汇流部件可通过连接电池单体的电极端子实现电池单体之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体的电极端子。
本申请中所提到的收集腔用于收集排放物，可以是密封或非密封的。在一些实施例中，所述收集腔内可以包含空气，或者其他气体。可选地，所述收集腔内也可以包含液体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该液体的部件，以对进入收集腔的排放物进一步降温。进一步可选地，收集腔内的气体或者液体是循环流动的。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车 辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，本申请的电池电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体，箱体内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体的电极端子实现电池单体之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体的电极端子。多个电池单体的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中 包括的电池单体的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体分组设置，每组电池单体组成电池模块200。电池模块200中包括的电池单体的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。例如，图3为电池模块的一个示例。电池可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
如图4所示，为本申请实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212。壳体211和盖板212形成外壳21。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁。该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图4所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图4所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
如图5所示，为本申请另一实施例的包括泄压机构213的电池单体20的结构示意图。图5中的壳体211、盖板212、电极组件22以及连接构件23与图4中的壳体211、盖板212、电极组件22以及连接构件23的一致，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
如图5所示的电池单体还可设置泄压机构213。图5中，泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的底壁上，即图5中的壁21a，其中，该泄压机构213可以为壁21a的一部分，也可以与壁21a为分体式结构，通过例如焊接的方式固定在壁21a上。当泄压机构213为壁21a的一部分时，例如，泄压机构213可以通过在壁21a上设置刻痕的方式形成，与该刻痕的对应的壁21a厚度小于泄压机构213除刻痕处其他区域的厚度。刻痕处是泄压机构213最薄弱的位置。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得壳体211内部压力升高并达到阈值或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构213可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致壳体211内外相通，气 体压力及温度通过泄压机构213的裂开向外释放，进而避免电池单体20发生爆炸。
图5中是以泄压机构213位于电池单体20的底壁上为例进行描述，但应理解，本申请实施例中的泄压机构213可以位于壳体211的侧壁上，或者也可以位于盖板212上，或者，也可以位于壳体211的两个壁的相交的位置，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
图6示出了本申请实施例的一个电池示意图。如图6所示，箱体11可以包括电气腔11a，收集腔11b以及热管理部件13。
目前电池单体失控后的排放的设计方案中，排放物一般经过收集腔后就排出到电池外部，由于排放物温度过高，可能会导致收集腔受到的破坏较大，高温排放物的积存容易引发热失控事件，而且经过收集腔就排出到电池外部的排放物对外界环境影响较大。本申请实施例针对这些问题提出了一种电池的箱体，利用热管理部件将容纳电池单体的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔分离，在泄压机构致动时，电池单体的排放物进入收集腔，而不进入或少量进入电气腔，从而不会对电气腔中的电连接部件产生导通而发生短路，因此能够增强电池的安全性。同时，使电池单体失控后产生的排放物排放到收集腔后，经过泄压区域并排出到电池的外部，通过延长排放物的排放路径，可以有效的降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对电池外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
其中，电气腔11a用于容纳多个电池单体20，所述多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20包括泄压机构213，所述泄压机构213用于在设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；热管理部件13用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体20调节温度；以及，收集腔11b用于在所述泄压机构213致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件13用于隔离所述电气腔11a和所述收集腔11b，所述热管理部 件13上设置有泄压区域213，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域排出。
可选地，本申请实施例中的电气腔11a还可以用于容纳汇流部件12，汇流部件12用于实现多个电池单体20的电连接。汇流部件12可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子214实现电池单体20间的电连接。
为了便于描述，以下关于泄压机构213的相关描述中所涉及的电池单体20指设有泄压机构213的电池单体20。例如，电池单体20可以为图5中的电池单体20。
在给电池单体20降温的情况下，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13可以容纳冷却介质以给多个电池单体20调节温度，此时，热管理部件13也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等。另外，热管理部件13也可以用于加热，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13在所述泄压区域未设置所述流道。
在泄压区域对应的位置不设置流道，可以使得收集腔11b内的排放物更容易经过泄压区域排出收集腔11b。
在本申请实施例中，热管理部件13用于隔离电气腔11a和收集腔11b。这里所谓的“隔离”指分离，可以不是是密封的。也就是说，容纳多个电池单体20的电气腔11a与收集排放物的收集腔11b分离。这样，在泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物进入收集腔11b，而不会进入或少量进入电气腔11a，从而不会影响电气腔11a中的电连接，因此能够增强电池的安全性。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，热管理部件13具有为电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁。如图6所示，热管理部件13可以同时为电气腔11a的一个壁以及收集腔11b的一个壁。也就是说，热管理部件13(或其一部分)可以直接作为电气腔11a和收集腔共用的壁，这样，电池单体20的排放物可以经过热管理部件13进入收集腔11b，同时，由于热管理部件13的存在，可以将该排放物与电气腔11a尽可能的隔离，从而降低排放物的危险性，增强电池的安全性。
作为一个实施例，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13可以包括第一导热板和第二导热板，如图7a至7c所示。其中，图7a是本申请实施例的一个电池的平面示意图，图7b是本申请实施例的箱体沿A-A’方向的剖面图，图7c是对应于图7b中的局部细节图。
如图7a至7c所示，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13可以包括第一导热板131，第一导热板131附接至多个电池单体20；第二导热板132，第二导热板132布置在第一导热板131背离电池单体20的一侧；以及流道133，流道133形成在第一导热板131和第二导热板132之间以供流体在其中流动。
可选地，本申请实施例中的第一导热板131可以不直接附接于电池单体20，而是在与多个电池单体20之间也可以设置有隔热垫等，本申请对此不作限定。
如图7c所示，第一导热板131和第二导热板132可以形成流道133，用于容纳流体。第一导热板131位于第二导热板132的靠近电气腔11b的一侧，且附接于壁21a。
可选地，第一导热板131和第二导热板132的材质可以为金属。例如铝或钢。
应理解，上述仅仅是示例性的描述了热管理部件13的一种实现方式，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在目前的电池排放物排放方案中，排放物在进入收集腔11b后直接排出到电池10的外部，此时，由于排放物温度很高，可能会对电池箱体11的底部造成破坏，高温排放物积存容易引发热失控，而且，高温排放物排出电池10之后，对电池10的外部环境威胁也比较大。
基于此，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13上设置的泄压区域，可以使得收集腔11b内收集的排放物经过泄压区域后再排出到收集腔11b的外部。
通过在热管理部件13上设置泄压区域的方式，延长了收集腔11b内收集的排放物的排放路径，可以进一步降低排放物的温度，从而减少高温排放物对外界环境的影响，因此，可以增强电池的安全性。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的泄压区域可以与泄压机构213错开 设置。
通过将泄压区域和泄压机构213错开设置，可以延长排气路径，进一步降低排放物的温度。
本申请实施例中的错开设置可以是指两者在位置上不是对应设置的，而是相互让开的。
可选地，上述泄压区域可以是泄压孔，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压孔排出，或者，所述泄压区域为薄弱区，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物破坏所述薄弱区后排出。
例如，当泄压区域为泄压孔时，收集腔11b内的排放物可以直接通过泄压孔，并进入特定的排气路径后排出电池箱体11。当泄压区域为薄弱区时，例如，薄弱区可以是通过在热管理部件13上进行减薄处理，或者在薄弱区所在的区域使用与热管理部件13上的其他区域不同的材料，比如熔点更低的材料，使得收集腔11b内的排放物的温度或者压力达到一定阈值时，可以冲破薄弱区进入特定的排放路径并排出电池箱体11。
应理解，本申请实施例中的泄压孔和薄弱区仅仅是作为示例，对泄压区域的可能的实现方式进行了描述，但本申请实施例对此不作限制。
作为一个实施例，本申请实施例中的电气腔11a可以包括第一压力平衡机构，所述第一压力平衡机构用于平衡所述箱体内外的压力，所述排放物经过所述泄压区域后，通过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。收集腔11b内的排放物在经过泄压区域之后，可以进入特定的排气路径并通过第一压力平衡机构排放到箱体11的外部。
通过设置第一压力平衡机构，可以使排放物及时的排出电气腔，降低排放物对其他电池单体的影响。
应理解，本申请实施例中的压力平衡机构表示的是箱体11可以通过压力平衡机构的开合，使得压力平衡机构两侧的压力得以平衡。该第一压力平衡机构可以使单向开合的，此时，第一压力平衡机构可以将电池箱体11内部的压力释放到电池箱体11的外部，或者，该第一压力平衡机构也可以是双向开合的，以使得电池箱体11内外 的压力保持平衡，本申请对此不作限制。
可选地，本申请实施例中的第一压力平衡机构可以为一个或多个，其数量可以根据实际情况设置，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地，本申请实施例中的第一压力平衡机构可以是泄压阀，或者也可以是其他可以平衡箱体11内外压力的平衡机构，或者，本申请实施例中的第一压力平衡机构也可以为通孔。
收集腔11b内的排放物经过泄压区域和第一压力平衡机构排出箱体11的外部，可以延长排放物的排气路径延长，进一步降低排放物的温度，减少高温排放物对电池箱体11以及外部环境的影响，从而增强了电池的安全性。
可选地，在本申请的实施例中，收集腔11b内的排放物经过泄压区域之后，可以进入的特定排气路径然后通过第一压力平衡结构排出电池箱体11的外部，其中，该特定的排气路径可以包括：与用于容纳电池单体的腔室相互分离的独立腔室，或者，也可以是经过泄压区域后进入中空横梁内部。
以下对这两种实现方式进行描述。
作为第一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的电气腔11a可以包括第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a，其中，第一子腔111a用于容纳多个电池单体20，所述第二子腔112a与所述第一子腔111a相邻设置；第二子腔112a的外壁上设置有第一压力平衡机构15，收集腔11b收集的排放物经过泄压区域进入第二子腔112a，并通过第一压力平衡机构15排放到箱体11外部。
如图8a至8b所示，其中，图8a是本申请实施例的一个电池的分解图，图8b是对应于图8a的电池的平面示意图。如图8a所示，电气腔11a可以包括第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a，第一子腔111a可以用于容纳多个电池单体20，其中，该第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a是相互隔离的空间，以防止进入到第二子腔11b中的排放物进入到容纳有电池单体20的第一子腔111a中，从而保证了电池的安全性能。
应理解，本申请实施例中只是以一个第二子腔112a作为示例进行描述，但其具体数量以及位置可以根据实际情况设置，本申请实施例对此不作限制，另外本申请实施例中示例性的表示出了第一子腔111a可以被电气腔11a中的横梁113a分为4个 部分的方式，但本申请实施例对此不做限制。
为了保证收集腔11b中的排放物顺利进入第二子腔112a中，热管理部件13上可以设置有泄压孔14，或者也可以是减薄处理的薄弱区，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，该泄压孔14设置在热管理部件13上的对应于第二子腔112a的区域，如此，收集腔11b内的排放物可以通过泄压孔14进入第二子腔112a中。
进一步地，为了使进入第二子腔112a的排放物可以排放到箱体11的外部，第二子腔112a的外壁上可以设置第一压力平衡机构15，收集腔11b中收集的排放物经过泄压孔14后，进入第二子腔112a，当第二子腔112a中的压力或者温度到达一定阈值后，可以从第二子腔112a外壁上设置的第一压力平衡机构15排放到电池箱体的外部。
本申请实施例通过为电气腔11a设置第二子腔112a，可以为排放物设置一个缓冲区，可以将排放物和多个电池单体隔离，降低排放物对第一子腔111a中的电池单体的影响。
本申请实施例中的箱体11还可以包括顶盖，如图8a中示出的顶盖114，其中，该顶盖114可以对应于图2中的第一部分111，电气腔11a以及收集腔11b整体可以对应于图2中的第二部分112，或者，可选地，顶盖114也可以只对应于图2中的第一部分111中的上表面，第一部分111的周围的部分与第二部分112组成的部分可以对应于电气腔11a和收集腔11b组成的整体，具体可以根据实际情况设置，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
在电池单体热失控时，电池单体20一般可以通过对应的泄压机构213将内部的压力及温度排出，但是，在某些特定场景下，当电池单体20热失控时，电池单体20内的压力并不从泄压机构213排出，而是从壳体211的其他位置释放，并排放到电气腔11a内，使得电气腔11a中的内部压力及温度升高，如果气体不能及时排放到电池10的外部，电池10内压增长，会导致电池10的机械件受到损伤；或者，当电池10的海拔发生变化等场景下，造成电池10的内外压力变化时，电气腔11a内外压力可能不能迅速恢复平衡。
针对上述问题，本申请实施例中可以在第一子腔111a与第二子腔112a共用的壁上设置第二压力平衡机构16，第二压力平衡机构16可以用于平衡第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a之间的压力。
图9示出了本申请实施例的设置有第二压力平衡机构的电池的平面示意图。其中，图9可以为对应于箱体11设置一个第二子腔112a的情形的示意图。
应理解，上述只是示例性的描述了第二压力平衡机构的布置方式，本申请实施例并不限于此。
如图9所示，第一子腔111a与第二子腔112a共用的壁上可以设置一个第二压力平衡机构16。
在电池单体20产生的排放物未通过泄压机构213排出，并且通过壳体211的其他位置排出时，当第一子腔111a内的压力及温度到达一定阈值后，第一子腔111a内的排放物可以通过第二压力平衡机构16排出到第二子腔112a内，随后，当第二子腔112a内的压力或温度到达一定阈值后，排放物可以通过第一压力平衡机构15排出。
可选地，本申请实施例中的第二压力平衡机构16是单向开合的，第二压力平衡机构16用于在第一子腔111a内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向第二子腔释放内部压力。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a可以仅通过第二压力平衡机构16连通。
通过设置第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a仅通过第二压力平衡机构16连通，可以使得电池单体20发生热失控时，第二子腔112a中的排放物不会通过其他途径进入第一子腔111a中，防止高温排放物影响第一子腔111a中未发生热失控的电池单体20。
应理解，上述以电池单体20热失控释放压力为例，本申请实施例也可以应用于电池10的外部环境发生变化而导致的内外压力失衡的情况，本申请对此不作限制。
本申请实施例通过为容纳电池单体20的第一子腔111a设置第二压力平衡机 构16，使得电池单体20失控时，未经过泄压机构213排出的排放物可以顺利通过第二压力平衡机构16排放到第二子腔112a，并经过第一压力平衡机构15排出电池10的外部，一方面，可以保证电气腔11a的内部压力及时排出，避免电池10的内部温度或压力过高造成灾害问题的发生，另外，也可以延长排放物的排放路径，降低排放物的温度，减少排放物对外界环境的影响，从而进一步增强了电池的安全性。
作为一种实现方式，在本申请实施例中，所述第一子腔111a除了与所述第二子腔112a共用的壁的其他壁上设置有第三压力平衡机构，所述第三压力平衡机构用于在所述第一子腔111a内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向所述箱体11的外部释放内部压力。
通过在除第一子腔111a与第二子腔112a共用的壁的其他壁上设置有第三压力平衡机构，可以使得第一子腔111a内的电池单体20发生热失控的内部压力及温度通过第三压力平衡机构及时排出，从而可以使得第一子腔111a和第二子腔112a内外的气压保持平衡。
可选地，本申请实施例中的电气腔11a可以设置有中空横梁113a，所述第二子腔112a的第一壁由所述中空横梁的至少一部分形成，所述第一壁上设置有第四压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述中空横梁内，再经过所述第四压力平衡机构进入所述第二子腔，再经过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
具体地，如图10所示，在中空横梁113a与第二子腔112a公共的第一壁20a上设置有第四压力平衡机构17，通过泄压孔14进入到中空横梁113a的排放物可以经过第四压力平衡机构17进入到第二子腔112a中，当第二子腔112a中的内部压力及温度达到一定阈值时，可以通过第一压力平衡机构15排出到电池箱体11的外部，从而使得电池内外的气压平衡。
可选地，上述中空横梁113a与下文中的中空横梁113a可以是指相同的中空横梁，或者，二者也可以是不同的中空横梁，本申请对此不作限制。
作为第二种实现方式，本申请实施例中的电气腔11a中可以设置有中空横梁113a，所述中空横梁113a用于与所述电气腔11a的外壁连接，所述电气腔11a的外壁上设置有第五压力平衡机构18，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区 域进入所述中空横梁113a内，并通过所述第五压力平衡机构18排放到所述箱体11外部。
应理解，本申请实施例中涉及的箱体11的外壁可以为与箱体11外部的空气直接接触的壁。
如图11a至11c所示，其中，图11a为本申请实施例的另一个电池的分解图，图11b为对应于图11a的电池的平面示意图，图11c为对应于图11a的热管理部件和中空横梁的分解图。如图11a所示，电气腔11a中可以包括一个或多个中空横梁113a，该一个或多个中空横梁113a可以将多个电池单体20分隔开，其中，该一个或多个中空横梁113a可以包括沿多个相邻的电池单体排列方向设置的中空横梁113a，也可以包括垂直于电池单体排列方向的中空横梁113a。
相对应的，在热管理部件13上对应于中空横梁113a底部的位置可以设置有上述泄压区域，如图11c中所示的泄压孔14，或者薄弱区，如此，收集腔11b中的排放物可以通过泄压孔14进入到中空横梁113a中，可选地，当本申请实施例中的热管理部件13包括第一导热板131和第二导热板132时，第一导热板131和第二导热板132上都设置有对应于中空横梁113a的泄压孔14。
应理解，图11c仅示例性的描述了箱体11中的一个中空横梁113a与热管理部件13上的泄压孔14对应的一种方式，本申请实施例中的其他中空横梁113a也可以与热管理部件13的其他位置上的泄压孔14对应，使得收集腔11b内的排放物通过泄压孔14进入中空横梁113a内部，本申请对此不作限制。
可选地，本申请实施例中的泄压孔14与中空横梁113a对应设置，例如，可以通过在中空横梁113a底部打孔的方式，使泄压孔14与中空横梁113a之间连通，或者，中空横梁113a可以不设置底壁，直接将热管理部件13作为其底壁的方式，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
进一步地，在箱体11的外壁上可以设置第五压力平衡机构18，收集腔11b收集的排放物经过泄压孔14后，进入中空横梁113a内部，当中空横梁113a内部的压力或者温度到达一定阈值后，可以通过外壁上的第五压力平衡机构18排放到电池箱体11的外部。
应理解，本申请实施例中的多个中空横梁113a以及设置第五压力平衡机构18的外壁之间是相互连通的。
其中，图12a示出了本申请实施例的箱体沿图11b中A-A’方向的剖面图，图12b为对应于图12a中的中空横梁113a的局部细节图。
本申请实施例通过设置相互连通的中空横梁113a，并在箱体11的外壁上设置第五压力平衡机构18的方式，拉长收集腔11b内收集的排放物的排气路径，减少排放物对收集腔11b的影响，并进一步降低排放物的温度，降低了高温排放物对外界环境的影响，从而增强了电池的安全性能。
应理解，上述通过第二子腔112a以及中空横梁113a延长排气路径的两种方式，可以单独实施，或者两者也可以同时实施，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
作为一种实现方式，在本申请的一个实施例中，对于收集腔11b，可以由热管理部件13和防护构件形成。例如，如图13所示，箱体11还包括防护构件115。防护构件115用于防护热管理部件13，并且，防护构件115与热管理部件13形成收集腔11b。
防护构件115与热管理部件13形成的收集腔11b，不占用可容纳电池单体的空间，因此可以设置较大空间的收集腔11b，从而可以有效地收集和缓冲排放物，降低其危险性。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，收集腔11b内还可以设置流体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该流体的部件，以对进入收集腔11b内的排放物进一步降温。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，收集腔11b可以是密封的腔室。例如，防护构件115与热管理部件13的连接处可以通过密封构件密封。
为了进一步降低高温排放物对排气路径的影响，本申请实施例中的中空横梁113a和/或热管理部件13(例如，热管理部件13的背离多个电池单体20的表面)和/或防护构件115的表面上还可以设置降温材料。
其中，热管理部件13上设置的降温材料可以设置在其底壁上，并且避开泄压机构213对应的位置以及泄压区域对应的位置，这样，设置于热管理部件13底壁上 的降温材料可以将经过热管理部件13后进入收集腔11b的排放物进行降温，从而减少了高温排放物对箱体11的影响，进一步降低高温排放物对电池10的外部环境的影响。
如图14a至14d，其中，图14a为图8b中的沿A-A’方向的剖面图，图14b为对应于图14a中的局部细节图，图14c为降温材料在热管理部件上的布局的示意图，图14d为降温材料和热管理部件的分解图。如图14b和14c所示，降温材料60可以布置在热管理部件13的底壁上，并错开泄压机构213以及泄压孔14对应的位置，其中，当热管理部件13包括第一导热板131和第二导热板132时，降温材料60设置在第二导热板132的底部。
作为一种实现方式，降温材料可以设置在防护构件115上对应于泄压机构213的位置。
图15示出了本申请实施例的一个防护构件设置降温材料的示意图。其中，图15为对应于图11a中的位置E的局部细节图。如图15所示，降温材料60可以设置在防护构件115上对应于泄压机构213的位置。如此，从泄压机构213排出的排放物可以直接被防护构件115上的降温材料降温，从而减少了高温排放物对箱体11的影响，进一步降低高温排放物对电池10的外部环境的影响。
可选地，本申请实施例中还可以在中空横梁113a内设置降温材料，具体布置方式本申请实施例不做限制。
应理解，上述只是示例性的列出了几种降温材料的布置方式，本申请对其具体的布置方式不做限定。
可选地，本申请实施例中采用的降温材料可以是相变材料(Phase Change Material，PCM)涂层，相变材料在接触到高温排放物后可以融化，并对排放物进行降温。
可选地，本申请实施例中还可以在防护构件115以及热管理部件13的底壁上粘贴耐高温材料，如云母纸等，通过粘贴耐高温材料，可以减少高温排放物对排气路径的表面的影响。
可选地，本申请实施例中的降温材料可以设置在耐高温材料之上，从而可 以在达到对排放物降温的同时，保护排放物经过的区域的表面。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13可以被配置为在泄压机构213致动时能够使排放物穿过热管理部件13而进入收集腔11b。
可选地，在泄压机构213致动时，热管理部件13可以被破坏，例如，热管理部件13上可以设置有薄弱区，薄弱区可以被破坏，从而使得排放物可以穿过热管理部件13进入收集腔11b。
应理解，除了在热管理部件13上设置在泄压机构213致动时能够被破坏的结构外(例如上述薄弱区)，还可以在泄压机构213上设置破坏装置，破坏装置用于在泄压机构213致动时破坏热管理部件13，以使流体从热管理部件13的内部排出。例如，破坏装置可以为尖刺，但本申请实施例对此并不限定。
或者可选的，热管理部件13上可以设置有对应于泄压机构213的通孔，泄压机构213致动后，排放物可以通过热管理部件13上的通孔进入收集腔11b。
以下对上述热管理部件13的两种情况分别进行描述。
为了保证泄压机构可以顺利打开从而使电池单体向外部排出排放物，在本申请的热管理部件13的靠近电池单体20的表面可以设置避让结构，避让结构被构造为提供允许泄压机构213致动的空间。
作为一种实施方式，其中，热管理部件13可以附接至多个电池单体20以在避让结构和泄压机构213之间形成避让腔。
图16示出了本申请实施例的一种避让结构为避让腔的示意图。其中，具体地，该避让腔134可以是通过本申请实施例中的第一导热板131的第一区域131a向第二导热板132凹陷以形成上述避让腔134，第一区域131a连接到第二导热板132，具体可以参见图7c。这样，在避让腔134的周围形成流道133，而避让腔134的底壁内没有流道，以便于被泄压机构的排放物破坏。
可选地，避让腔134包括避让底壁和围绕避让腔134的避让侧壁。
作为另一种实施方式，避让结构是贯穿热管理部件13的通孔，避让结构的避让侧壁为通孔的孔壁。
图17示出了本申请实施例的一种避让结构为通孔的示意图。如图17所示，该避让结构为通孔137。通孔137一方面可以作为避让结构，另一方面可以在泄压机构213致动时来自设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的排放物能够经过通孔137进入收集腔11b。
可选地，通孔137可以与泄压机构213相对设置。
通过设置与泄压机构213对应的通孔137，可以为泄压机构213提供变形空间，从而在泄压机构213致动时，可以通过通孔137将排放物排放到收集腔11b中。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的热管理部件13可以被构造成在所述泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使得所述流体流出。
对应于上述避让腔134和通孔137的情形，避让腔134的侧壁和通孔137的侧壁都可以破坏，具体地，泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20的排放物冲入避让腔134或通孔137，由于排放物为高压高热的排放物，排放物在穿过避让腔134或通孔137时还会熔化避让腔134或通孔137的孔壁，使得流体从热管理部件13的内部排出，从而对排放物降温。
通过使流体从热管理部件13的内部排出，这样可以吸收电池单体20的热量，降低排放物的温度，进而降低排放物的危险性。在这种情况下，流体和被流体冷却的排放物一块进入到收集腔11b。由于流体的冷却，可以迅速降低电池单体20的排放物的温度，因此进入到收集腔11b的排放物的危险性已大大降低，也不会对电池的其他部分(例如其他电池单体20)造成较大的影响，从而能够在第一时间抑制单个电池单体20异常带来的破坏性，降低电池爆炸的可能性。
作为一种实现方式，本申请实施例中的电池10可以包括多个电池单体20，该多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20包括泄压机构213，所述泄压机构213用于在设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；以及前述各个实施例中的箱体11。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置可以包括前述各实施例中的电池10。可选地，用电装置可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池的箱体、电池和用电装置，下面将描述本 申请实施例的制备电池的方法和装置，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图18示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法300的示意性流程图。如图18所示，该方法300可以包括：
S310，提供多电池单体20，所述多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20包括泄压机构213，所述泄压机构213用于在设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力。
S320，提供箱体11，所述箱体11包括：电气腔11a，用于容纳所述多个电池单体20；热管理部件13，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体20调节温度；以及，收集腔11b，用于在所述泄压机构213致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的排放物。
S330，其中，所述热管理部件13用于隔离所述电气腔11a和所述收集腔11b，在所述热管理部13件上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域排出。
S340，将所述多个电池单体20容纳于所述电气腔11a中。
图19示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的装置400的示意性框图。如图19所示，制备电池的装置400可以包括：第一提供模块410、第二提供模块420和安装模块430。
第一提供模块410，用于提供多个电池单体20，所述多个电池单体20中的至少一个电池单体20包括泄压机构213，所述泄压机构213用于在设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力。
第二提供模块420，用于提供箱体11，所述箱体11包括：电气腔11a，用于容纳所述多个电池单体20；热管理部件13，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体20调节温度；以及，收集腔11b，用于在所述泄压机构213致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构213的电池单体20的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件13用于隔离所述电气腔11a和所述收集腔11b，在所述热管理部件13上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔11b收集的所述排放物再经过所述泄压区域排出。
安装模块430，用于将所述多个电池单体20容纳于所述电气腔11b中。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种电池的箱体，其特征在于，包括：
    电气腔，用于容纳多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，
    收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；
    其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，所述热管理部件上设置有泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述泄压区域与所述泄压机构错开设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述泄压区域为泄压孔，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压孔排出；或
    所述泄压区域为薄弱区，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物破坏所述薄弱区后排出。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述电气腔包括：
    第一压力平衡机构，所述第一压力平衡机构用于平衡所述箱体内外的压力，所述排放物经过所述泄压区域后，通过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述电气腔包括第一子腔和第二子腔，所述第一子腔用于容纳所述多个电池单体，所述第二子腔与所述第一子腔相邻设置；
    所述第二子腔的外壁上设置有所述第一压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述第二子腔，并通过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述泄压区域设置在所述热管理部件的对应于所述第二子腔的区域。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一子腔与所述第二子腔共用的壁上设置有第二压力平衡机构，所述第二压力平衡机构用于平衡所述第一子腔 与所述第二子腔之间的压力。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二压力平衡机构为单向开合的，所述第二压力平衡机构用于在所述第一子腔内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向所述第二子腔释放内部压力。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一子腔与所述第二子腔仅通过所述第二压力平衡机构连通。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第一子腔除了与所述第二子腔共用的壁的其他壁上设置有第三压力平衡机构，所述第三压力平衡机构用于在所述第一子腔内的压力或温度达到一定阈值时向所述箱体的外部释放内部压力。
  11. 根据权利要求5-10任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述电气腔设置有中空横梁，所述第二子腔的第一壁由所述中空横梁的至少一部分形成，所述第一壁上设置有第四压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述中空横梁内，再经过所述第四压力平衡机构进入所述第二子腔，再经过所述第一压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
  12. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述电气腔设置有中空横梁，所述中空横梁用于与所述电气腔的外壁连接，所述电气腔的外壁上设置有第五压力平衡机构，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物经过所述泄压区域进入所述中空横梁内，并通过所述第五压力平衡机构排放到所述箱体外部。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述泄压区域设置于所述热管理部件的对应于所述中空横梁的区域。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13中任一项所述的电池的箱体，其特征在于，所述中空横梁内设置有降温材料。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件的背离所述电池单体的表面设置有降温材料。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述箱体还包括：
    防护构件，所述防护构件位于所述热管理部件背离所述电池单体一侧，所述防护构件与所述热管理部件形成所述收集腔，所述防护构件上设置有降温材料。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述电池的箱体，其特征在于，所述防护构件和所述热管理部件密封连接。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的箱体，其中，所述防护构件上设置的所述降温材料设置在所述防护构件的对应于所述泄压机构的区域。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18中任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述降温材料为相变材料。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件被配置为在所述泄压机构致动时能够使所述排放物穿过所述热管理部件而进入所述收集腔。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件具有为所述电气腔和所述收集腔共用的壁。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件被构造成在所述泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使得所述流体流出。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述热管理部件包括：
    第一导热板，所述第一导热板附接至所述多个电池单体；
    第二导热板，所述第二导热板布置在所述第一导热板背离所述电池单体的一侧；以及
    流道，所述流道形成在所述第一导热板和所述第二导热板之间以供所述流体在其中流动。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池，其特征在于，所述热管理部件在所述泄压区域未设置所述流道。
  25. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；以及，
    根据权利要求1至24中任一项所述的箱体。
  26. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求25所述的电池。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的用电装置，其特征在于，所述用电装置为车辆、船舶或航天器。
  28. 一种制备电池的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    提供箱体，所述箱体包括：
    电气腔，用于容纳所述多个电池单体；
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，
    收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，在所述热管理部件上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物再经过所述泄压区域排出；
    将所述多个电池单体容纳于所述电气腔中。
  29. 一种制备电池的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一提供模块，用于提供多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体中的至少一个电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述内部压力；
    第二提供模块，用于提供箱体，所述箱体包括：
    电气腔，用于容纳所述多个电池单体；
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述多个电池单体调节温度；以及，
    收集腔，用于在所述泄压机构致动时收集来自所述设有所述泄压机构的电池单体的排放物；
    其中，所述热管理部件用于隔离所述电气腔和所述收集腔，在所述热管理部件上设置泄压区域，所述收集腔收集的所述排放物再经过所述泄压区域排出；
    安装模块，用于将所述多个电池单体容纳于所述电气腔中。
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