WO2022137641A1 - 光演算装置の製造方法、光回折ユニット中間体、及び光演算装置 - Google Patents
光演算装置の製造方法、光回折ユニット中間体、及び光演算装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light diffraction unit intermediate used for manufacturing a light diffraction unit provided with a light diffraction element.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an optical arithmetic unit including a plurality of optical diffraction units and such an optical arithmetic unit.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a plurality of optical elements such as lenses and filters are arranged side by side on the optical path of the input light, and these optical elements act on the input light in order.
- An example of an optical element is a planar optical diffractive element having a fine concavo-convex structure but macroscopically patterned two-dimensionally and having a typical thickness of several ⁇ m.
- the optical diffraction element refers to a planar optical diffraction element.
- These light diffractive elements are provided on the main surface of a translucent substrate (which can be read as the bottom wall according to the embodiment of the present specification).
- the light diffraction element and the substrate will be referred to as a light diffraction unit.
- the relative positional relationship of the plurality of optical diffractive elements can be maintained in the desired relationship. is important. This is because if the relative positional relationship of the light diffractive element deviates from the desired relationship, it becomes difficult to exert the desired action on the input light.
- a planar optical diffraction element As an example of a planar optical diffraction element, it has a plurality of microcells whose thickness or refractive index is individually set, and by interfering the light transmitted through each microcell with each other, space saving and low power consumption are achieved.
- an optical diffractive element designed to optically perform a predetermined calculation in.
- an optical computing device in which such an optical diffraction element is configured by stacking a plurality of optical diffraction units provided on a substrate, even if the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction elements is on the order of nm, it is possible. It can be difficult to perform the optical computation of the period.
- One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides an optical arithmetic unit that can easily maintain the relative positional relationship of the planar optical diffraction elements in the desired relationship. With the goal.
- the method for manufacturing an optical computing device has n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) side walls WS 1 to WS n and translucency.
- the light diffraction unit intermediate is a container provided with a cavity inside, and has a pair of bottom walls made of a translucent material and the said material. It includes a container having a pair of bottom walls and a side wall constituting the cavity, and a liquid material containing a photocurable resin filled in the cavity.
- an optical arithmetic unit that can easily maintain the relative positional relationship of the planar optical diffraction elements in the desired relationship.
- FIG. 1 (a) and (b) are exploded perspective views of an optical arithmetic unit which can be manufactured by using the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- C is a side view of a part of the optical arithmetic unit shown in (b). It is a perspective view of an example of the optical diffraction element constituting the optical arithmetic unit shown in FIG. 1 (a). It is a schematic diagram which shows each process of the manufacturing method of the optical arithmetic unit which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows each process of the modification of the manufacturing method of the optical arithmetic unit shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 It is a schematic diagram which shows each process of the manufacturing method of the optical arithmetic unit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- 3 is a schematic diagram showing each process of another modification of the manufacturing method of the optical arithmetic unit shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are exploded perspective views of the optical arithmetic unit 11 and the optical arithmetic unit 21.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a side view of the optical diffraction unit 211 constituting the optical arithmetic unit 21.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the optical diffraction element 111c constituting the optical arithmetic unit 11.
- the optical arithmetic units 11 and 21 are an embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical arithmetic unit 11 includes n optical diffraction units 111, ..., 11n (n is an integer of 2 or more).
- the optical arithmetic unit 21 includes n optical diffraction units 211, ..., 21n.
- n 2.
- n is not limited to 2.
- each optical diffraction unit 11i i is an integer of 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n
- the optical diffraction units 211 and 212 are also referred to.
- each light diffraction unit is also referred to as a light diffraction unit 21i.
- the optical calculation device 11 is configured by stacking the optical diffraction unit 111 and the optical diffraction unit 112 in this order, and the optical calculation device 21 stacks the optical diffraction unit 211 and the optical diffraction unit 212 in this order. It is composed of.
- the direction in which the light diffraction unit 112 is superposed on the light diffraction unit 111 and the direction in which the light diffraction unit 212 is superposed on the light diffraction unit 211 are referred to as a stacking direction.
- the parallel direction is called the in-plane direction.
- the direction from the light diffraction unit 111 to the light diffraction unit 112 in the stacking direction is defined as the z-axis positive direction.
- the main surfaces of the bottom walls 111a to 113a are parallel to the xy plane, and each of the x-axis and the y-axis is parallel to each side of the optical diffraction element 11ic. It defines a Cartesian coordinate system.
- the Cartesian coordinate system shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c) and FIG. 2 is defined in the same manner as the Cartesian coordinate system shown in FIG. 1 (a).
- the light diffraction unit 111 and the light diffraction unit 112 are configured in the same manner.
- the optical diffraction unit 211 and the optical diffraction unit 212 are configured in the same manner as the glass block GB 11 constituting the optical diffraction unit 211 and the glass block GB 12 constituting the optical diffraction unit 212.
- the glass block GB12 is stacked on the z-axis positive direction side of the glass block GB11, while the bottom wall 213a is stacked on the z-axis positive direction side of the glass block GB12.
- Each of the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a is a translucent plate-shaped member and is configured in the same manner.
- the bottom wall 11ia constitutes the lower bottom of the optical diffraction unit 11i
- the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a is the optical diffraction unit 11i. Consists of the upper bottom.
- Each of the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a is an example of the bottom wall WB i and the bottom wall WB i + 1 , respectively.
- quartz glass is used as the translucent material constituting the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a.
- the translucent material is not limited to quartz glass, and can be appropriately selected from translucent glass or resin.
- the optical diffraction unit 11i is formed so as to be a square when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface (for example, the z-axis positive direction).
- viewing the light diffraction unit 11i from the normal direction of the main surface is referred to as "viewing the main surface in a plane”.
- the side wall 11ib is a four rectangular parallelepiped that is interposed between the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a and is provided along the four sides constituting the bottom wall 11ia and the outer edge of the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a. It is composed of block-shaped blocks.
- the side wall 11ib surrounds the internal space from all sides, and the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 ( i + 1) a sandwich the internal space from both sides in the stacking direction, whereby a cavity Ci is formed inside the light diffraction unit 11i. ..
- the bottom wall 11ia, the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a, and the side wall 11ib constitute the container of the light diffraction unit 11i.
- the side wall 11 ib is an example of the side wall WS i .
- quartz glass is used as the material constituting the side wall 11ib.
- the material constituting the side wall 11ib is not limited to quartz glass, and can be appropriately selected from glass, ceramics, metal, and resin.
- the material constituting the side wall 11ib is preferably a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of metal and resin, such as glass and ceramics. Quartz glass is an example of a material having such a small coefficient of expansion. Further, the material constituting the side wall 11ib is preferably a material having translucency.
- Inhibiting light refers to light that inhibits the curing of the ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation.
- the uncured ultraviolet curable resin is cured by using the two-photon absorption method as in the production method M1 shown in FIG. 3, the material constituting the side wall 11ib does not have translucency. May be good.
- an ultraviolet curable resin (not shown in FIG. 1A) is used as a fixing means for fixing each of the bottom wall 11ia and the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a and the side wall 11ib. ing.
- this fixing means is not limited to the ultraviolet curable resin and can be appropriately selected.
- the side wall 11ib is composed of four rectangular parallelepiped blocks, and the blocks are arranged so as to be separated from each other. Therefore, the side wall 11ib is provided with four flow paths 11id that communicate the cavity Ci with the outside of the container constituting the light diffraction unit 11i. The shape and size of the flow path 11id can be appropriately determined.
- the optical diffraction element 11ic is a flat plate-shaped optical diffraction element provided in an effective region of one main surface of the bottom wall 11ia (in this embodiment, the main surface on the positive direction side of the z-axis).
- the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia refers to a region of the bottom wall 11ia where the side wall 11ib is not provided.
- the light diffractive element 11ic is made of a translucent material.
- an ultraviolet curable resin which is an example of a photocurable resin, is used as a translucent material constituting the light diffractive element 11ic.
- the light diffractive element 11ic has a base 11icb and a plurality of microcells individually set in thickness or refractive index within the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia.
- the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia is a square with a side of 1.0 mm, and is composed of 1000 ⁇ 1000 microcells arranged in a matrix.
- Each microcell is composed of pillars having a base of 1 ⁇ m on each side formed on the base 11 icb.
- the base 11icb is made of the same UV curable resin as each microcell.
- the thickness of the base 11icb is, for example, 100 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the base 11icb can be stereolithographically formed prior to each microcell when the optical diffraction element 11ic is stereolithographically formed in the stereolithography step S13 described later.
- FIG. 2 merely shows the base 11icb and each microcell in the optical diffraction element 11ic in an exploded manner for convenience of explanation.
- the base 11icb and each microcell are stereolithographically modeled as an integrated optical diffraction element 11ic in the stereolithography step S13 described later.
- the height of each pillar is 0 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, ... It is decided to.
- the size of the pillar in the optical diffraction element 11ic is 1 ⁇ m, but the size is not limited to this. That is, the size of the pillar of the optical diffraction element 11ic may be less than 10 ⁇ m. Further, the number of cells and the effective region size of the optical diffraction element 11ic are also arbitrary.
- the optical calculation device 11 is designed to perform a predetermined optical calculation by interfering with each other the light transmitted through each microcell (mainly assuming visible light).
- optical diffraction elements 11ic are arranged side by side and the optical calculation is sequentially performed N times, it is important to keep the relative positional relationship between the optical diffraction elements 111c and 112c in the desired relationship.
- the "microcell” refers to a cell having a size on the order of micrometers or less, that is, a cell having a size of, for example, less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the "cell size” refers to the square root of the area of the cell. For example, when the plan view shape of the microcell is square, the cell size is the length of one side of the cell.
- the lower limit of the size of the microcell is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 nm.
- the optical arithmetic unit 21 is a modification of the optical arithmetic unit 11, and the optical diffraction unit 21i is a modification of the optical diffraction unit 11i.
- the correspondence between the optical diffraction unit 11i and the optical diffraction unit 21i will be described, and then only the configuration of the optical diffraction unit 21i that is different from the configuration of the optical diffraction unit 11i will be described.
- the bottom wall 21ia, the bottom wall 21 (i + 1) a, the side wall 21ib, and the light diffraction element 21ic of the light diffraction unit 21i are each the bottom wall 11ia, the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a, and the side wall 11ib of the light diffraction unit 11i, respectively.
- the light diffractive element 11ic is each the bottom wall 11ia, the bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a, and the side wall 11ib of the light diffraction unit 11i, respectively.
- each of the bottom wall 213a and the light diffraction element 21ic of the light diffraction unit 21i is the same as the bottom wall 113a and the light diffraction element 11ic of the light diffraction unit 11i, the description thereof will be omitted here.
- the bottom wall 21ia and the side wall 21ib of the light diffraction unit 21i are formed by processing a glass block GB1i made of rectangular parallelepiped glass having a square shape when viewed in a plan view. Specifically, in the vicinity of the center of the glass block GB1i, a rectangular cuboidal cavity C from one main surface of the glass block GB1i (the main surface on the positive direction side of the z-axis in this embodiment) toward the inside of the glass block GB1i. By forming i , the bottom wall 21ia and the side wall 21ib are formed (see (b) and (c) in FIGS. 1).
- Each of the bottom wall 21ia and the bottom wall 21 (i + 1) a is an example of the bottom wall WB i and the bottom wall WB i + 1 , respectively.
- the side wall 21 ib is an example of the side wall WS i .
- a flat plate-like region including the other main surface (main surface on the negative side of the z-axis in the present embodiment) and in which the cavity Ci is not formed is the bottom.
- the side wall 21ib is a frame-shaped region that is a wall 21ia and (2) includes one main surface and surrounds the cavity Ci from the side. Further, when the main surface of the glass block GB1i is viewed in a plan view from the positive direction side of the z-axis, the region of the bottom wall 21ia that is not covered by the side wall 21ib and is exposed from the cavity Ci is optically diffracted. This is the effective area of the unit 21i.
- the cavity Ci of the optical diffraction unit 21i is surrounded from all sides by the side wall 21ib , and the bottom wall 21ia and the glass block of the glass block GB1i. It is sandwiched from both sides in the stacking direction by the bottom wall 21 (i + 1) a of GB1 (i + 1). Therefore, the bottom wall 21ia, the bottom wall 21 (i + 1) a, and the side wall 21ib constitute the container of the light diffraction unit 11i.
- the cavity Cn is sandwiched between the bottom wall 21ia of the glass block GB1i and the bottom wall 213a (see (b) in FIG. 1). ).
- the cavity Ci and the outside of the container constituting the optical diffraction unit 21i communicate with one main surface of the glass block GB1i (that is, the surface of the side wall 21ib on the positive direction side of the z-axis) 4
- a flow path 21id, which is one groove, is provided.
- the flow path 21id corresponds to the flow path 11id of the light diffraction unit 11i.
- an ultraviolet curable resin (not shown in FIG. 1B) is used as a fixing means for fixing the side wall 21ib and the bottom wall 21 (i + 1) a.
- this fixing means is not limited to the ultraviolet curable resin and can be appropriately selected.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing each step of the manufacturing method M1.
- the manufacturing method M1 will be described by taking the case of manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit 11 as an example.
- the apparatus manufactured by using the manufacturing method M1 is not limited to the optical arithmetic unit 11.
- the optical arithmetic unit 21 can be manufactured by using the manufacturing method M1.
- the manufacturing method M1 includes a container forming step S11, a liquid material filling step S12, a stereolithography step S13, a developing step S14, and a sealing step S15.
- the container forming step S11 is a step of forming a container in which n (n is an integer of 2 or more positive integers) cavities C i (i is an integer of 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n) are provided in an overlapping manner.
- This container is the container of the optical arithmetic unit 11 shown in FIG. 1 (a), and has n + 1 bottom walls 111a to bottom wall 11 (i + 1) a and n side walls made of a translucent material. It is equipped with 11 ib.
- n is not limited to 2, and can be appropriately determined.
- Each of the bottom wall 11ia and the side wall 11ib is an example of the bottom wall WB i and WS i , respectively.
- the bottom wall 111a, the side wall 111b, the bottom wall 112a, the side wall 112b, and the bottom wall 113a are overlapped, and the adjacent members are fixed to each other with an ultraviolet curable resin. do.
- n pieces of the glass blocks GB1i are stacked inside after providing the cavity Ci and the flow path 21id by etching the glass block GB1i. It is possible to form a container in which the cavities Ci of the above are overlapped with each other.
- the liquid material filling step S12 is a step of filling each cavity C i with the liquid material R i containing a photocurable resin (see (b) in FIG. 3).
- FIG. 3B shows an intermediate of an optical arithmetic unit in a state where each cavity C i is filled with a liquid material R i and the flow path 11 id is sealed by using a lid 11 ie.
- an ultraviolet curable resin is used as the photocurable resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin is one aspect of a photocurable resin, and the photopolymerization reaction is promoted and cured by irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
- the intermediate of the optical arithmetic unit manufactured by carrying out the liquid material filling step S12 is one aspect of the present invention.
- an annular band made of silicone resin is used as the lid 11ie.
- the width of this band is configured to be greater than the thickness of the side wall 11ib (length along the z-axis direction) and less than the thickness of the light diffraction unit 11i.
- the lid 11ie is not limited to a band made of a resin having elasticity like a silicone resin.
- the lid 11ie may be a columnar stopper molded according to the shape of the opening of the flow path 11id.
- the intermediate of the optical arithmetic unit may further include a jig for pressing the lid 11ie against the flow path 11id.
- the stereolithography step S13 the light diffractive element 11ic is illuminated on one main surface of the bottom wall 11ia by irradiating the vicinity of the interface between the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia and the liquid material Ri with light L1 to cure the ultraviolet curable resin.
- This is a modeling process (see (c) and (d) in FIG. 3).
- the stereolithography step S13 when i satisfies 1 ⁇ i ⁇ n, the stereolithography element 11ic is repeatedly modeled on one main surface of the bottom wall 11ia.
- the optical diffraction element 11ic is stereolithographically formed in each cavity Ci.
- the optical diffraction element 11ic is composed of a base 11icb and each pillar.
- the base 11icb and each pillar are stereolithographically modeled as a single stereolithographic object integrated.
- the light diffraction element 11ic (see FIG. 2) is obtained by irradiating light L1 having a predetermined light intensity and pulse width a predetermined number of times in each predetermined region corresponding to each pillar in the effective region. To form.
- the two-photon absorption method is used to cure the uncured ultraviolet curable resin.
- Light L1 is an example of light that cures an ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation.
- the ultraviolet curable resin a radical polymerization type ultraviolet curable resin having an absorption band corresponding to the i-line (wavelength of 365 nm) of a mercury lamp is adopted.
- the dose amount for curing this ultraviolet curable resin is 500 mJ / cm 2 or more and 1500 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- a mode-synchronized Ti sapphire femtosecond laser is adopted as a laser for emitting light L1.
- This mode-synchronized Ti sapphire femtosecond laser emits light L1 having a wavelength of 730 nm (energy of 1.70 eV), a pulse width of 100 femtoseconds, and a power of 3 mW or more and 10 mW or less.
- the optical system is defined so that the diameter of the region where the photopolymerization reaction occurs is 80 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the light L1 satisfying the dose amount can be irradiated to a specific region of the ultraviolet curable resin, and the ultraviolet curable resin is cured by a photopolymerization reaction. be able to.
- the two-photon absorption method will be described later.
- the diameter in this narrow range varies depending on the beam waist diameter and energy of the light L1, but is, for example, 10 nm or more and 20 nm or less. Therefore, by using the two-photon absorption method in the stereolithography step S13, the size of one side of the pillar of the optical diffraction element 11ic can be made smaller.
- each optical diffraction element 11ic is formed by using the same ultraviolet curable resin for the base 11icb and the microcell. Therefore, the bond strength between the microcell and the base 11icb is increased as compared with the case where the microcell is formed of a material different from that of the base 11icb. For example, when microcells of an ultraviolet curable resin are formed on a glass base 11icb, the microcells may be peeled off from the base 11icb when cleaning an uncured photocurable resin. On the other hand, in the present embodiment in which both are integrally formed of the same material, the bonding force between the microcell and the base 11icb is strong, and the effect that the microcell is more difficult to peel off from the base 11icb can be obtained.
- the stereolithography element 11ic manufactured by the stereolithography step S13 since the microcells are difficult to peel off from the base 11icb, such a possibility can be further reduced.
- the ultraviolet curable resin used in the stereolithography step S13 may be a urethane acrylate-based resin, an acrylate-based resin, or the like.
- the two-photon absorption modeling method (also simply referred to as the two-photon absorption method) is an application of the two-photon absorption phenomenon to photomodeling.
- the two-photon absorption phenomenon is a characteristic of particle nature among the wave nature and particle nature of light, and is a kind of nonlinear optical effect.
- the ultraviolet curable resin absorbs one photon and transitions from the ground state to the excited state.
- the ultraviolet curable resin simultaneously absorbs two photons and transitions.
- Stereolithography is a method that utilizes the interaction between resin and light.
- the two-photon absorption method has the following three features. (1) Light in a wavelength band that does not react with 1 photon absorption can be used as light for curing an ultraviolet curable resin. (2) The probability that the two-photon absorption phenomenon will occur is proportional to the square of the light intensity of light L1. (3) The photopolymerization reaction caused by the two-photon absorption phenomenon occurs pinpointly in a minute region.
- the feature of (1) above means that an ultraviolet curable resin that is generally cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays can be cured by using light in a wavelength band about twice that of ultraviolet rays.
- ultraviolet rays can be used to cure the UV curable resin.
- the region where the photopolymerization reaction occurs can be limited to a minute region.
- a lens provided at the final stage of the optical path of the light L1 that narrows the light collecting system of the light L1 and a bottom wall close to the lens in FIG. 3C, the bottom wall 111a
- the bottom wall 113a may be filled with a translucent liquid material (for example, oil) having an appropriately adjusted refractive index. According to this configuration, the numerical aperture of the lens can be increased.
- the two-photon absorption method As described above, in the two-photon absorption method, light L1 having a wavelength longer than the wavelength region corresponding to one photon absorption of the ultraviolet curable resin may be used. Therefore, as a laser that emits light L1, a short pulse laser in the near infrared region (femtosecond laser or the like), which is cheaper than a short pulse laser in the visible region (femtosecond laser or the like), can be used.
- the UV curable resin does not have an absorption band in the infrared region. Therefore, the light L1 can pass through to the inside of the ultraviolet curable resin without being absorbed and scattered by the ultraviolet curable resin so much. Furthermore, since the two-photon absorption phenomenon is pinpointed in a minute region, the spatial resolution in stereolithography can be improved.
- a commercially available ultraviolet curable resin can be used as the photocurable resin used in the two-photon absorption method.
- the photocurable resin used in the two-photon absorption method is not limited to the ultraviolet curable resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin can be used in the two-photon absorption method as long as the light L1 satisfying the conditions of the energy required for the photopolymerization reaction in the photocurable resin and the dose amount is used.
- the photocurable resin contains a monomer, an oligomer which is an aggregate thereof, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- a reaction inhibitor may be further added to the photocurable resin.
- the absorption wavelength can be selected depending on the type of the photopolymerization initiator.
- those that absorb ultraviolet rays are called ultraviolet curable resins.
- Photocurable resins are roughly classified into radical polymerization type and cationic polymerization type according to the reaction mechanism of curing.
- a radical is generated from a photopolymerization initiator by absorption of light L1, and this radical acts on a monomer to carry out chain polymerization. Reactions on the stop side include the presence of a reaction inhibitor and oxygen in the resin. Radical polymerization type photocurable resins tend to have abundant choices and a high reaction rate.
- the radical polymerization type photocurable resin includes urethane acrylate type, epoxy acrylate type, ester acrylate type and the like when classified by oligomer.
- the photopolymerization initiator In a cationically polymerized photocurable resin, the photopolymerization initiator generates an acid by absorption of light L1, and a vinyl monomer, a cyclic ether, or the like initiates cationic polymerization. As for the reaction on the stop side, the reaction is stopped by the basic substance existing as an impurity.
- Advantages of the cationically polymerized photocurable resin include complete curing in air, high stability during storage, and low shrinkage in stereolithography.
- Cationicly polymerized photocurable resins include acrylate-based, epoxy-based, vinyl ether-based, and the like when classified by oligomers.
- the photocurable resin used in the production method M1 is not limited to the ultraviolet curable resin and can be appropriately selected.
- the developing step S14 is a step of developing each stereolithographic element 11ic photomolded by the stereolithography step S13 (see (e) in FIG. 3).
- each lid 11ie is removed, and the liquid material Ri containing the ultraviolet curable resin filled in each cavity Ci is discarded.
- the flow path 11 id is sealed by using the lid 11ie , and each optical diffraction element 11ic is developed by a predetermined process.
- the manufacturing method M1 may be a cleaning step performed after the developing step S14, and may further include a cleaning step of cleaning each developed optical diffraction element 11ic.
- the sealing step S15 is a step of filling each cavity C i with oil O i and then sealing the flow path 11 id. By carrying out the sealing step S15, the optical arithmetic unit 11 is completed.
- the flow path 11id is sealed by injecting an uncured epoxy resin into the flow path 11id and then curing the epoxy resin.
- the sealing means for sealing the flow path 11id is not limited to the epoxy resin.
- each cavity Ci is filled with a liquid or a solid having a refractive index similar to that of the oil O i instead of the oil O i , it is the same as when the oil O i is filled .
- a gas such as oxygen gas or nitrogen gas may be sealed. If the inside of the cylinder 12 is simply filled with air, the sealing step S15 may be omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing each process of the manufacturing method M1A.
- the manufacturing method M1A will be described by taking the case of manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit 11 as an example.
- the manufacturing method M1A includes a container forming step S11A, a liquid material filling step S12A, a stereolithography step S13A, a developing step S14A, and a sealing step S15A.
- Each of the container forming step S11A, the liquid material filling step S12A, the developing step S14A, and the sealing step S15A includes the container forming step S11, the liquid material filling step S12, the developing step S14, and the sealing step S15A, respectively, which are included in the manufacturing method M1. This is the same process as the sealing step S15. Therefore, in this modification, the description of these steps will be omitted, and the stereolithography step S13A will be described.
- ⁇ Stereolithography process> In the stereolithography step S13 of the manufacturing method M1, a two-photon absorption method was adopted in order to prevent unintentional curing of the ultraviolet curable resin in a region other than the photodiffractive element 11ic.
- the stereolithography step S13A of this modification in order to prevent this unintended curing, light L1A and light L2A are used in combination.
- the light L1A is an example of light that cures the ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation, and is also an example of the first light.
- the light L2A is an example of light that inhibits the curing of the ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation, and is also an example of the second light.
- the optical diffraction element 11ic is formed on one main surface of the bottom wall 11ia by irradiating the vicinity of the interface between the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia and the liquid material Ri with light L1A to cure the ultraviolet curable resin.
- Stereolithography see (c) and (d) in FIG. 4).
- the stereolithography element 11ic is repeatedly modeled on one main surface of the bottom wall 11ia.
- the cavity is adjacent to the cavity Ci and is incident with the light L1A (in the case of (c) of FIG. 4, the cavity C2 is shown.
- the cavity C1) is irradiated with light L2A.
- at least the cavity adjacent to the cavity Ci in which the stereolithography element 11ic is stereolithographically formed may be irradiated with light L2A.
- Light L2A may be applied to certain cavities C 1 , C 2 , C 4 , and C 5 .
- the ultraviolet curable resin a radical polymerization type ultraviolet curable resin having an absorption band corresponding to the i-line of a mercury lamp (wavelength is 365 nm) is adopted.
- the dose amount for curing this ultraviolet curable resin is 500 mJ / cm 2 or more and 1500 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the photocurable resin used in this modification is not limited to the ultraviolet curable resin as in the case of the two-photon absorption method described above. Further, in this modification, the same ultraviolet curable resin as the ultraviolet curable resin described in the two-photon absorption method can be used. However, a reaction inhibitor is added to the ultraviolet curable resin used in this modification in addition to the photopolymerization initiator.
- a semiconductor laser which is a continuous oscillation type is adopted as a laser for emitting each of the optical L1A and the optical L2A.
- One semiconductor laser emits light L1A having a wavelength of 473 nm (energy is 2.62 eV) and a power of 3 mW or more and 10 mW or less.
- the other laser emits light L2A having a wavelength of 375 nm.
- the light source for emitting each of the light L1A and the light L2A is not limited to the laser that emits the coherent light, and may be an LED that emits the incoherent light.
- the optical system is defined so that the diameter of the region where the photopolymerization reaction occurs is approximately 1 ⁇ m.
- the photopolymerization initiator irradiated with light L1A generates radicals.
- the photopolymerization reaction is promoted by the action of this radical on the monomer.
- the reaction inhibitor irradiated with light L2A generates radicals that suppress the photopolymerization reaction.
- the photopolymerization reaction is inhibited by the action of this radical on the monomer and oligomer (the carbon-carbon bond formed by the photopolymerization reaction is decomposed).
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing each process of the manufacturing method M2.
- the manufacturing method M2 will be described by taking the case of manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit 11 as an example.
- the manufacturing method M2 includes a container forming step S21, a liquid material filling step S22, a stereolithography step S23, a developing step S24, and a sealing step S25.
- Each of the developing step S24 and the sealing step S25 is the same step as the developing step S14 and the sealing step S15 included in the manufacturing method M1, respectively. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the description of these steps will be omitted, and the container forming step S21, the liquid material filling step S22, and the stereolithography step S23 will be described.
- n is not limited to 2, and can be appropriately determined.
- Each of the bottom wall 11ia and the side wall 11ib is an example of the bottom wall WB i and WS i , respectively.
- the bottom wall 111a, the side wall 111b, and the bottom wall 112a are overlapped, and the adjacent members are fixed to each other with an ultraviolet curable resin. ..
- the glass block GB1i is etched to provide the cavity Ci and the flow path 21id to form a container having the cavity Ci inside. be able to.
- the liquid material filling step S22 is a step of filling the cavity Ci with the liquid material Ri containing the photocurable resin (ultraviolet curable resin in the present embodiment), similarly to the liquid material filling step S12 of the manufacturing method M1.
- the liquid material filling step S22 is repeatedly carried out in order to fill the cavity C i with the liquid material R i (FIG. 5 (b)). And (e)).
- FIG. 5B shows an intermediate of an optical diffraction unit in a state where the cavity C1 is filled with the liquid material R1 and the flow path 111d is sealed by using the lid 111e.
- the intermediate of this light diffraction unit is one aspect of the present invention.
- a user who has obtained this light diffraction unit can manufacture an optical arithmetic unit 11 in which light diffraction units of an arbitrary number of stages are overlapped.
- the light L1A and the light L2A are used in combination in order to prevent the above-mentioned unintended curing.
- the light L1A is an example of light that cures the ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation, and is also an example of the first light.
- the light L2A is an example of light that inhibits the curing of the ultraviolet curable resin by irradiation, and is also an example of the second light.
- the stereolithography step S23 irradiates the vicinity of the interface between the effective region of the bottom wall 11ia and the liquid material Ri with light L1A to cure the ultraviolet curable resin, thereby curing one of the main bottom walls 11ia.
- This is a step of stereolithographically forming the optical diffraction element 11ic on the surface (see (c) and (f) of FIG. 5).
- the cavities other than the cavity Ci are irradiated with the light L2A separately from the light L1A.
- the cavity C1 is irradiated with light L2A.
- the ultraviolet curable resin, light L1A, and light L2A used in the present embodiment are the same as the ultraviolet curable resin, light L1A, and light L2A used in the manufacturing method M1A shown in FIG.
- the optical diffraction element 11ic is stereolithographically modeled using the light L1A and the light L2A as in the stereolithography step S13A.
- the photodiffractive element 11ic can be stereolithographically formed by using the two-photon absorption method as in the case of the stereolithography step S13 shown in FIG.
- Each of the manufacturing method M1 shown in FIG. 3, the manufacturing method M1A shown in FIG. 4, and the manufacturing method M2 shown in FIG. 5 has a roughening step S36, a film forming step S37, and a film forming step S37 shown in FIG.
- the mounting step S38 may be further included.
- 6 (a) to 6 (c) are schematic views showing each of the roughening step S36, the film forming step S37, and the mounting step S38.
- the roughening step S36, the film forming step S37, and the mounting step S38 are steps to be carried out after any of the sealing steps S15, S15A, and S25.
- the roughening step S36 is a step for forming the diffusion layer 115.
- the diffusion layer 115 is formed by roughening one main surface of a quartz glass plate-shaped member (see (a) in FIG. 6).
- one main surface is roughened by sandblasting to obtain a diffusion layer 115.
- the diffusion layer 115 provided on one main surface of the plate-shaped member is shown by a thick solid line.
- the method of roughening one main surface of the quartz glass plate-shaped member is not limited to sandblasting, and may be a mechanical method other than sandblasting, or a chemical method of applying a corrosive liquid. You may.
- the film forming step S37 is a step of forming the light conversion layer 114 on the surface of the diffusion layer 115 formed on the plate-shaped member.
- the method for forming the light conversion layer 114 is not limited, but for example, sputtering can be used.
- the materials constituting the optical conversion layer 114 will be described later.
- the plate-shaped member on which the optical conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 manufactured in the roughening step S36 and the film forming step S37 are formed is the main one of the bottom wall 113a of the optical computing device 11. It is a process of placing and fixing on the effective area of the surface.
- One main surface of the bottom wall 113a is the main surface on the positive direction side of the z-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system shown in FIG. 1, and is the upper main surface in (c) of FIG.
- the plate-shaped member is placed in such a direction that the light conversion layer 114 is provided in the rear stage of the bottom wall 113a and the diffusion layer 115 is provided in the rear stage of the light conversion layer 114.
- the means for fixing the plate-shaped member to the bottom wall 113a is not limited, but for example, an ultraviolet curable resin or the like can be used.
- the optical conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 are provided on one main surface of the bottom wall 113a of the optical arithmetic unit 11. ..
- the optical arithmetic unit 11 may further include an optical conversion layer 114 and a diffusion layer 115.
- the roughening step S36, the film forming step S37, and the mounting step S38 are one aspect of the light conversion layer forming step and the diffusion layer forming step. If it is desired to provide only the optical conversion layer 114 in the subsequent stage of the bottom wall 113a, the roughening step S36 may be omitted. That is, in the film forming step S37, the light conversion layer 114 may be formed on the surface of the plate-shaped member whose surface is not roughened.
- the light incident on the optical arithmetic unit 11 is infrared light (particularly near infrared light). First, the reason for using infrared light as incident light will be described.
- the incident light incident on the optical arithmetic unit 11 is imaged on an image plane at a predetermined distance from the light diffraction element 112c at the final stage.
- the distance to this image plane is a numerical value determined by a multiple of the wavelength of the incident light from the optical diffraction element 112c at the final stage.
- the light incident on each light diffractive element 11ic needs to be parallel light, and considering the spread of light due to the divergence angle of light, the shorter the distance to the image planes separated by a multiple of the wavelength, the better.
- the distance to the image plane is short, manufacturing including alignment becomes difficult.
- the optical conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 are layered members provided in a direction substantially orthogonal to the incident direction of infrared light.
- the shape of the light conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 in a plan view is a square shape.
- the shapes of the light conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 are not particularly limited, but in this modification, they match the shapes of the light diffraction element 11ic.
- the optical conversion layer 114 is a layer that converts infrared light into visible light (referred to as optical up-conversion), and is arranged at the final stage of the optical arithmetic unit 11.
- the final stage is a stage in which the light incident on the optical arithmetic unit 11 is emitted, and is the subsequent stage of the optical diffraction element 112c in the present embodiment.
- the light conversion layer 114 converts infrared light emitted from the light diffractive element 112c into visible light.
- the photoconversion layer 114 contains, for example, a phosphor obtained by adding a trace amount of erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), holmium (Ho), thulium (Tm), or the like to a metal oxide of zinc oxide and titanium oxide. Further, the photoconversion layer 114 contains, for example, a photoconversion material containing a metal complex (porphyrin) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These phosphors or light conversion materials emit visible light when irradiated with near-infrared light.
- the reason why the optical arithmetic unit 11 includes the optical conversion layer 114 is as follows.
- a high-precision camera that captures infrared light requires, for example, an image sensor using an InGaAs sensor, and is expensive. Therefore, a method is conceivable in which infrared light is used as the light transmitted through the optical calculation device 11 and the infrared light transmitted through the optical calculation device 11 is converted into visible light and imaged by a visible light camera. This is because visible light can be imaged using an inexpensive CMOS sensor or the like for visible light.
- the light conversion layer 114 is an optical conversion element for enabling the light emitted from the optical arithmetic unit 11 to be detected by a camera for visible light.
- the diffusion layer 115 has a function of diffusing (uniformizing) the visible light generated in the light conversion layer 114.
- the infrared light incident on the light conversion layer 114 is light that has passed through each microcell, and its intensity is non-uniform. Therefore, the detection efficiency of the image sensor may decrease. Therefore, by passing the diffuser layer 115, the light is diffused and the light conversion efficiency is enhanced, so that the detection efficiency by the image sensor for visible light can be enhanced.
- the structure of the diffusion layer 115 is not limited as long as it has a function of diffusing light. When deeply roughened, light is diffused in the depth direction (infrared light traveling direction) and the image is blurred. Therefore, it is preferable that the roughening is performed only on the surface of the quartz plate. That is, it is preferable that the layer having a diffusion function is thin.
- the side wall 112b and the bottom wall 113a define the distance L from the optical diffraction element 112c at the final stage of the optical arithmetic unit 11 to the diffusion layer 115.
- the distance L is the distance from the highest position of the microcell of the optical diffraction element 112c to the diffusion layer 115, but since the height of the microcell is about 1200 nm (1.2 ⁇ m) at the maximum, the microcell You may ignore the height of.
- the thickness of the optical conversion layer 114 is x
- the sum (length in the traveling direction of infrared light) between the height of the side wall 112b and the height of the bottom wall 113a is (Lx).
- the distance L can be 60 ⁇ m as an example.
- the heights of the side wall 112b and the bottom wall 113a should be determined so that the sum of the height of the side wall 112b and the height of the bottom wall 113a is a value obtained by subtracting the thickness x of the optical conversion layer 114 from 60 ⁇ m. Just do it.
- the optical conversion layer 114 is on the incident side of light, and the diffusion layer 115 is on the outgoing side of light.
- the order of the optical conversion layer 114 and the diffusion layer 115 is not limited to this, and the arrangement may be reversed (not shown).
- the infrared light emitted from the light diffractive element 112c is first incident on the diffusion layer 115 and diffused, and the diffused infrared light is incident on the light conversion layer 114 and converted into visible light.
- n side walls WS 1 to WS n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) and n bottoms made of a translucent material.
- a plurality of optical diffraction units are manufactured in advance, and after stacking the plurality of optical diffraction units, the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction elements is adjusted to be the desired relationship. It is possible to provide an optical calculation device that can easily maintain the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction element in the desired relationship as compared with the manufacturing method.
- the container forming step, the liquid material filling step, and the like in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the first aspect described above, the container forming step, the liquid material filling step, and the like. Further, a configuration is adopted in which the optical modeling process is repeated for each void S cavity Ci.
- the optical diffraction element is formed inside the i-th void S i , first, the i + 1th void S i + 1 is formed, and the optical diffraction element is formed inside the void S i + 1 .
- the optical diffraction element can be formed inside the void Si + 1 so that the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction elements has the desired relationship, and the above-mentioned adjustment becomes unnecessary.
- the container in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical calculation device according to the first aspect described above, the container is the n + 1th bottom wall.
- the bottom wall WB n + 1 is further provided, and in the container forming step, the i-th bottom wall WB i , the i + 1th bottom wall WB i + 1 , and the i-th side wall WS i are used, and the i-th cavity C is provided.
- Each of i forms a container provided so as to overlap each other, and in the liquid material filling step, each cavity C i is filled with a liquid material R i containing a photocurable resin, and in the optical modeling step, the cavity C i is filled.
- a light diffusing element is formed on one main surface of the bottom wall WB i by irradiating the vicinity of the interface between the bottom wall WB i and the liquid material R i with light to cure the photocurable resin. It has been adopted.
- the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is, in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the second aspect or the third aspect described above, in the optical modeling step.
- a configuration is adopted in which the light is irradiated to the vicinity of the interface by using the two-photon method.
- the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the above-mentioned light by irradiating in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic device according to the second aspect or the third aspect described above.
- the light that cures the cured resin is used as the first light
- the light that inhibits the curing of the photocured resin by irradiation is used as the second light
- the first light is used as the interface in the photomolding step.
- a configuration is adopted in which the second light is irradiated to at least the cavity adjacent to the cavity Ci while irradiating the vicinity.
- the photocurable resin contained in the liquid material R i filled in the cavities other than the cavities C i is cured. It can be suppressed.
- the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is, in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to any one of the first to fifth aspects described above.
- the optical diffractive element adopts a configuration including a plurality of cells in which the thickness or the refractive index is set independently of each other.
- An example of an optical diffractive element included in an optical arithmetic unit is an optical diffractive element including a plurality of cells whose thicknesses or refractive indexes are set independently of each other.
- the method for manufacturing the optical calculation device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the last in addition to the configuration of the method for manufacturing the optical calculation device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects described above.
- a configuration is adopted that further includes an optical conversion layer forming step of providing an optical conversion layer that converts infrared light into visible light in the subsequent stage of the bottom wall of the stage.
- the light emitted from the optical arithmetic unit can be converted into visible light, and the emitted light is detected by using an image sensor for visible light. It is possible to provide an optical arithmetic unit that can be used.
- infrared light is emitted in the rear stage of the bottom wall of the last stage.
- a configuration is adopted that further includes a diffusion layer forming step of providing a diffusion layer that diffuses visible light.
- the light conversion efficiency in the light conversion layer can be improved.
- the light diffraction unit intermediate according to the ninth aspect of the present invention is a container provided with a cavity inside, and has a pair of bottom walls made of a translucent material and the cavity together with the pair of bottom walls. It is provided with a container provided with a side wall constituting the above, and a liquid material containing a photocurable resin filled in the cavity.
- the user implements the method for manufacturing an optical arithmetic unit according to any one of the first to sixth aspects described above. It is possible to manufacture an optical arithmetic unit that makes it easy to maintain the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction elements in the desired relationship.
- the cavity communicates with the outside of the container in the container.
- a configuration is adopted in which a flow path is provided, and a lid for sealing the flow path is further provided.
- the liquid material containing the photocurable resin filled in the cavity it is easy to dispose of the liquid material containing the photocurable resin filled in the cavity to the outside of the cavity. Further, according to the above configuration, it is easy to replace the liquid material containing the photocurable resin with another liquid material (for example, a developing solution or oil). Therefore, the light diffractive element can be easily developed, washed, filled with oil, and the like. By appropriately selecting the refractive index of the oil, it is possible to adjust the difference in the refractive index that occurs at the interface between the light diffractive element and the cavity and the interface between the cavity and the bottom wall.
- another liquid material for example, a developing solution or oil
- the side wall has a translucent property.
- the composition consisting of the material to have is adopted.
- the side wall is made of a translucent material, it is possible to irradiate the cavity formed from the outside of the side wall to the inside of the side wall with light. Therefore, the optical diffraction unit intermediate according to the eleventh aspect can be suitably used when carrying out the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the fifth aspect described above.
- An example of a translucent material is glass. Glass has a smaller coefficient of expansion than that of materials such as metal and resin. Therefore, when glass is used as the material having translucency, it is easy to keep the distance between adjacent light diffractive elements constant.
- the optical arithmetic apparatus includes n side walls WS 1 to WS n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) and n + 1 bottom walls WB 1 to made of a translucent material.
- the user can manufacture an optical arithmetic unit that can easily maintain the relative positional relationship of the optical diffraction elements in the desired relationship by using the optical arithmetic unit configured as described above.
- the side wall WS i is made of a translucent material. Has been done.
- the side wall is made of a translucent material, it is possible to irradiate the cavity formed from the outside of the side wall to the inside of the side wall with light. Therefore, the optical diffraction unit intermediate according to the thirteenth aspect can be suitably used when carrying out the method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic unit according to the fifth aspect described above.
- An example of a translucent material is glass. Glass has a smaller coefficient of expansion than that of materials such as metal and resin. Therefore, when glass is used as the material having translucency, it is easy to keep the distance between adjacent light diffractive elements constant.
- 111,21 Optical arithmetic unit 111,112,211,212 Optical diffraction unit 111a, 112a, 113a, 211a, 212a, 213a Bottom wall (bottom wall WB i ) 111b, 112b, 211b, 212b Side wall (side wall WS i ) 111c, 112c, 211c, 212c Optical diffractive elements C 1 , C 2 Cavity (Cavity C i )
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る光演算装置の製造方法について説明する前に、本発明の一実施形態に係る光演算装置の製造方法を用いて製造可能な光演算装置の例である光演算装置11,21について、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。図1の(a)及び(b)は、光演算装置11及び光演算装置21の分解斜視図である。図1の(c)は、光演算装置21を構成する光回折ユニット211の側面図である。図2は、光演算装置11を構成する光回折素子111cの斜視図である。なお、光演算装置11,21は、本発明の一実施形態である。
図1の(a)に示すように、光回折ユニット11i(i=1,2)は、底壁11iaと、底壁11(i+1)aと、側壁11ibと、光回折素子11icとを備えている。
底壁11ia及び底壁11(i+1)aの各々は、透光性を有する板状部材であり、同一に構成されている。図1の(a)に示した向きで光演算装置11を配置した場合、底壁11iaは、光回折ユニット11iの下底を構成し、底壁11(i+1)aは、光回折ユニット11iの上底を構成する。なお、底壁11ia及び底壁11(i+1)aの各々は、それぞれ、底壁WBi及び底壁WBi+1の一例である。
側壁11ibは、底壁11iaと底壁11(i+1)aとの間に介在し、且つ、底壁11ia及び底壁11(i+1)aの外縁を構成する四辺に沿って設けられた4つの直方体状のブロックにより構成されている。側壁11ibが内部の空間を四方から取り囲み、底壁11ia及び底壁11(i+1)aが内部の空間を積層方向の両側から挟み込むことにより、光回折ユニット11iの内部に空洞Ciが形成される。また、底壁11ia、底壁11(i+1)a、及び側壁11ibは、光回折ユニット11iの容器を構成する。なお、側壁11ibは、側壁WSiの一例である。
上述したように、側壁11ibは、4つの直方体状のブロックにより構成されており、各ブロックは、互いに離間した状態で配置されている。したがって、側壁11ibには、空洞Ciと光回折ユニット11iを構成する容器の外部とを連通する4つの流路11idが設けられている。流路11idの形状及びサイズは、適宜定めることができる。
光回折素子11icは、底壁11iaの一方の主面(本実施形態では、z軸正方向側の主面)の有効領域に設けられた、平板状の光回折素子である。底壁11iaの有効領域とは、底壁11iaのうち側壁11ibが設けられていない領域を指す。光回折素子11icは、底壁11iaと同様に、透光性を有する材料により構成されている。本実施形態では、光回折素子11icを構成する透光性を有する材料として、光硬化樹脂の一例である紫外線硬化樹脂を採用している。
光演算装置21は、光演算装置11の一変形例であり、光回折ユニット21iは、光回折ユニット11iの一変形例である。本変形例では、光回折ユニット11iと光回折ユニット21iとの対応関係について説明したうえで、光回折ユニット21iの構成のうち光回折ユニット11iの構成と異なる構成についてのみ説明する。
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る光演算装置の製造方法M1について、図3を参照して説明する。図3は、製造方法M1の各工程を示す模式図である。なお、本実施形態では、光演算装置11を製造する場合を例にして製造方法M1について説明する。ただし、製造方法M1を用いて製造する装置は、光演算装置11に限定されるものではない。製造方法M1を用いて、例えば、光演算装置21を製造することもできる。
容器形成工程S11は、内部にn個(nは、2以上の正の整数)の空洞Ci(iは、1≦i≦nの整数)が重なって設けられた容器を形成する工程である(図3の(a)参照)。この容器は、図1の(a)に示した光演算装置11の容器であり、透光性を有する材料からなるn+1個の底壁111a~底壁11(i+1)aと、n個の側壁11ibとを備えている。本実施形態では、n=2である光演算装置11を用いて説明する。ただし、nは、2に限定されるものではなく、適宜定めることができる。なお、底壁11ia及び側壁11ibの各々は、それぞれ、底壁WBi及びWSiの一例である。
液材充填工程S12は、各空洞Ciに光硬化樹脂を含む液材Riを充填する工程である(図3の(b)参照)。図3の(b)では、各空洞Ciに液材Riを充填したうえで、蓋11ieを用いて流路11idを封止した状態の光演算装置の中間体を図示している。本実施形態では、光硬化樹脂として紫外線硬化樹脂を採用している。紫外線硬化樹脂は、光硬化樹脂の一態様であり、紫外線を照射することによって光重合反応が促進され、硬化する。なお、液材充填工程S12を実施することにより製造された光演算装置の中間体は、本発明の一態様である。
光造形工程S13は、底壁11iaの有効領域と液材Riとの界面近傍に光L1を照射して紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させることにより底壁11iaの一方の主面に光回折素子11icを光造形する工程である(図3の(c)及び(d)参照)。光造形工程S13においては、iが1≦i≦nを満たす場合に底壁11iaの一方の主面に光回折素子11icを繰り返し造形する。図3の(c)及び(d)の各々は、それぞれ、i=1及びi=2の場合を図示している。したがって、各空洞Ciには、それぞれ、光回折素子11icが光造形される。なお、図2に示すように、光回折素子11icは、ベース11icbと、各ピラーとにより構成されている。光造形工程S13においては、ベース11icbと、各ピラーとを一体化された単一の光造形物として光造形する。
また、本実施形態では、光L1を出射するためのレーザとして、モード同期Tiサファイヤフェムト秒レーザを採用している。このモード同期Tiサファイヤフェムト秒レーザは、波長が730nm(エネルギーが1.70eV)であり、パルス幅が100フェムト秒であり、パワーが3mW以上10mW以下の光L1を出射する。また、本実施形態においては、光重合反応が起こる領域の直径が80nm以上200nm以下になるように光学系を定めている。このような2つの光L1を2方向から1箇所に照射することによって、ドーズ量を満たす光L1を紫外線硬化樹脂の特定の領域に照射することができ、紫外線硬化樹脂を光重合反応により硬化させることができる。なお、2光子吸収法については、後述する。
(2光子吸収法について)
2光子吸収造形法(単に2光子吸収法とも称する)は、2光子吸収現象を光造形に応用したものである。2光子吸収現象は、光の持つ波動性と粒子性のうち、粒子性が持つ特徴で、非線形光学効果の一種である。1光子吸収現象では、紫外線硬化樹脂が1つのフォトンを吸収して基底状態から励起状態に遷移する。一方、2光子吸収現象では、紫外線硬化樹脂が同時に2つのフォトンを吸収して遷移する。光造形は、樹脂と光の相互作用を利用した手法である。
(1)1光子吸収では反応しない波長帯の光を、紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させる光として使用できること。
(2)2光子吸収現象が発現する確率は、光L1の光強度の2乗に比例すること。
(3)2光子吸収現象に起因する光重合反応が微小な領域でピンポイントに起こること。
上述したように、2光子吸収法では、紫外線硬化樹脂の1光子吸収に対応する波長領域よりも長い波長を有する光L1を用いればよい。そのため、光L1を出射するレーザとして、可視領域の短パルスレーザ(フェムト秒レーザなど)と比較して安価な近赤外領域の短パルスレーザ(フェムト秒レーザなど)を用いることができる。紫外線硬化樹脂は、赤外領域に吸収帯をもたない。そのため、光L1は、紫外線硬化樹脂による吸収及び散乱をあまり受けずに紫外線硬化樹脂の内部まで透過することができる。さらに、2光子吸収現象は、微小な領域においてピンポイントで発現するため、光造形における空間分解能を高めることができる。
現像工程S14は、光造形工程S13により光造形された各光回折素子11icを現像する工程である(図3の(e)参照)。現像工程S14においては、各蓋11ieを取り外し、各空洞Ciに充填されていた紫外線硬化樹脂を含む液材Riを廃棄する。その後、各空洞Ciに現像液Diを充填したうえで、蓋11ieを用いて流路11idを封止し、所定のプロセスにより各光回折素子11icを現像する。なお、製造方法M1は、現像工程S14のあとに実施する洗浄工程であって、現像された各光回折素子11icを洗浄する洗浄工程を更に含んでいてもよい。
封止工程S15は、各空洞CiにオイルOiを充填したうえで、流路11idを封止する工程である。封止工程S15を実施することにより、光演算装置11が完成する。本実施形態においては、流路11idに硬化してない状態のエポキシ樹脂を注入したうえで、当該エポキシ樹脂を硬化させることによって流路11idを封止している。ただし、流路11idを封止する封止手段は、エポキシ樹脂に限定されるものではない。
製造方法M1の一変形例である製造方法M1Aについて、図4を参照して説明する。図4は、製造方法M1Aの各工程を示す模式図である。なお、本変形例でも、光演算装置11を製造する場合を例にして製造方法M1Aについて説明する。
製造方法M1の光造形工程S13においては、光回折素子11ic以外の領域における紫外線硬化樹脂の意図しない硬化を防ぐために、2光子吸収法を採用していた。一方、本変形例の光造形工程S13Aにおいては、この意図しない硬化を防ぐために、光L1Aと光L2Aとを併用する。光L1Aは、照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させる光の一例であり、第1の光の一例でもある。光L2Aは、照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂の硬化を阻害する光の一例であり、第2の光の一例でもある。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る光演算装置の製造方法M2について、図5を参照して説明する。図5は、製造方法M2の各工程を示す模式図である。なお、本実施形態でも、光演算装置11を製造する場合を例にして製造方法M2について説明する。
容器形成工程S21は、透光性を有する材料からなるi番目(iは、1≦i≦nの整数であり、nは、2以上の整数)の底壁11iaと、i番目の側壁11ibとを少なくとも用いてi番目の空洞Ciを含む容器を形成する工程である。本実施形態では、n=2である光演算装置11を用いて説明する。ただし、nは、2に限定されるものではなく、適宜定めることができる。なお、底壁11ia及び側壁11ibの各々は、それぞれ、底壁WBi及びWSiの一例である。
液材充填工程S22は、製造方法M1の液材充填工程S12と同様に、空洞Ciに光硬化樹脂(本実施形態においては紫外線硬化樹脂)を含む液材Riを充填する工程である。なお、本実施形態においては、空洞Ciを含む容器を形成するごとに、当該空洞Ciに液材Riを充填するために液材充填工程S22を繰り返し実施する(図5の(b)及び(e)参照)。
製造方法M1Aの光造形工程S13の場合と同様に、本実施形態の光造形工程S23においては、上述した意図しない硬化を防ぐために、光L1Aと光L2Aとを併用する。光L1Aは、照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させる光の一例であり、第1の光の一例でもある。光L2Aは、照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂の硬化を阻害する光の一例であり、第2の光の一例でもある。
図3に示した製造方法M1、図4に示した製造方法M1A、及び、図5に示した製造方法M2の各々は、何れも、図6に示す粗化工程S36、成膜工程S37、及び載置工程S38を更に含んでいてもよい。図6の(a)~(c)は、粗化工程S36、成膜工程S37、及び載置工程S38の各々を示す模式図である。粗化工程S36、成膜工程S37、及び載置工程S38は、封止工程S15,S15A,S25の何れかの後に実施する工程である。
光演算装置11に入射される光は赤外光(特に近赤外光)である。最初に、入射光として赤外光を用いる理由について説明する。
本発明の第1の態様に係る光演算装置の製造方法は、n個(nは、2以上の自然数)の側壁WS1~WSn、及び、透光性を有する材料からなるn個の底壁WB1~WBnを備えた容器を用いて光演算装置を製造する製造方法であって、i番目(iは、1≦i≦nの整数)の底壁WBiとi番目の側壁WSiとを少なくとも用いてi番目の空洞Ciを含む容器を形成する容器形成工程と、空洞Ciに光硬化樹脂を含む液材Riを充填する液材充填工程と、底壁WBiと液材Riとの界面近傍に光を照射して前記光硬化樹脂を硬化させることにより底壁WBiの一方の主面に光回折素子を形成する光造形工程と、を含む。
本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
111,112,211,212 光回折ユニット
111a,112a,113a,211a,212a,213a 底壁(底壁WBi)
111b,112b,211b,212b 側壁(側壁WSi)
111c,112c,211c,212c 光回折素子
C1,C2 空洞(空洞Ci)
Claims (13)
- n個(nは、2以上の自然数)の側壁WS1~WSn、及び、透光性を有する材料からなるn個の底壁WB1~WBnを備えた容器を用いて光演算装置を製造する製造方法であって、
i番目(iは、1≦i≦nの整数)の底壁WBiとi番目の側壁WSiとを少なくとも用いてi番目の空洞Ciを含む容器を形成する容器形成工程と、
空洞Ciに光硬化樹脂を含む液材Riを充填する液材充填工程と、
底壁WBiと液材Riとの界面近傍に光を照射して前記光硬化樹脂を硬化させることにより底壁WBiの一方の主面に光回折素子を形成する光造形工程と、を含む、
ことを特徴とする光演算装置の製造方法。 - 前記容器形成工程、前記液材充填工程、及び、前記光造形工程を空洞Ciごとに繰り返す、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 前記容器は、n+1個目の底壁であるの底壁WBn+1を更に備えており、
前記容器形成工程は、i番目の底壁WBiと、i+1番目の底壁WBi+1と、i番目の側壁WSiとを用いて、i番目の空洞Ciの各々が重なって設けられた容器を形成し、
前記液材充填工程は、各空洞Ciに光硬化樹脂を含む液材Riを充填し、
前記光造形工程は、前記空洞Ciの各々について、底壁WBiと液材Riとの界面近傍に光を照射して前記光硬化樹脂を硬化させることにより底壁WBiの一方の主面に光回折素子を造形する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 前記光造形工程においては、2光子法を用いて前記光を前記界面近傍に照射する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 照射することにより前記光硬化樹脂を硬化させる前記光を第1の光とし、照射することにより前記光硬化樹脂の硬化を阻害する光を第2の光として、
前記光造形工程においては、前記第1の光を前記界面近傍に照射するとともに、少なくとも空洞Ciに隣接する空洞に前記第2の光を照射する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 前記光回折素子は、厚さ又は屈折率が互いに独立に設定された複数のセルを含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 最後段の底壁の後段に赤外光を可視光に変換する光変換層を設ける光変換層形成工程を更に含んでいる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 最後段の底壁の後段に赤外光又は可視光を拡散させる拡散層を設ける拡散層形成工程を更に含んでいる、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光演算装置の製造方法。 - 内部に空洞が設けられた容器であって、透光性を有する材料からなる一対の底壁と、当該一対の底壁とともに前記空洞を構成する側壁とを備えた容器と、
前記空洞に充填された光硬化樹脂を含む液材と、を備えている、
ことを特徴とする光回折ユニット中間体。 - 前記容器には、前記空洞と当該容器の外部とを連通する流路が設けられており、
前記流路を封止する蓋を更に備えている、
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の光回折ユニット中間体。 - 前記側壁は、透光性を有する材料からなる、
ことを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の光回折ユニット中間体。 - n個(nは、2以上の自然数)の側壁WS1~WSnと、
透光性を有する材料からなるn+1個の底壁WB1~WBn+1であって、各側壁WSi(iは、1以上n以下の自然数)を底壁WBiと底壁WBi+1とで挟み込むことによってi番目の空洞Ciを形成する底壁WB1~WBn+1と、
底壁WBiの一方の主面に形成された光回折素子ODiであって、厚さ又は屈折率が互いに独立に設定された複数のセルを含む光回折素子ODiと、を備えている、
ことを特徴とする光演算装置。 - 側壁WSiは、透光性を有する材料からなる、
ことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の光演算装置。
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JP2003025453A (ja) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光造形装置及び方法 |
JP2007026589A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-01 | Sharp Corp | ホログラム素子の製造方法および光ピックアップ装置 |
JP2008194863A (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-28 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 成形体およびその製造方法 |
US20150309473A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2015-10-29 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | High Resolution Projection Micro Stereolithography System And Method |
JP2020524623A (ja) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-08-20 | エシロール・アンテルナシオナル | 光造形物の製造方法および光造形装置 |
WO2020180254A1 (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | Singapore University Of Technology And Design | Diffractive optical element and method of producing thereof |
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JP2007026589A (ja) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-02-01 | Sharp Corp | ホログラム素子の製造方法および光ピックアップ装置 |
JP2008194863A (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-28 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 成形体およびその製造方法 |
US20150309473A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2015-10-29 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | High Resolution Projection Micro Stereolithography System And Method |
JP2020524623A (ja) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-08-20 | エシロール・アンテルナシオナル | 光造形物の製造方法および光造形装置 |
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