WO2022157926A1 - 濾過膜の洗浄装置、水処理装置及び濾過膜の洗浄方法 - Google Patents
濾過膜の洗浄装置、水処理装置及び濾過膜の洗浄方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022157926A1 WO2022157926A1 PCT/JP2021/002232 JP2021002232W WO2022157926A1 WO 2022157926 A1 WO2022157926 A1 WO 2022157926A1 JP 2021002232 W JP2021002232 W JP 2021002232W WO 2022157926 A1 WO2022157926 A1 WO 2022157926A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cleaning liquid
- membrane
- filtration membrane
- circulation
- cleaning
- Prior art date
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 336
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 292
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010800 human waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
- B01D65/06—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration with special washing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a filtration membrane cleaning device, a water treatment device, and a filtration membrane cleaning method.
- Membrane filtration using a filtration membrane is known as a method for separating and removing contaminants from water to be treated such as sewage and industrial wastewater. Continuing the membrane filtration process causes contaminants to adhere to the surface and pores of the filtration membrane, causing clogging, thereby gradually lowering the filtration performance. Therefore, in order to maintain filtration performance, the filtration membrane is washed with a washing liquid.
- the cleaning liquid contains chemicals to enhance the cleaning effect.
- the water treatment apparatus of Patent Document 1 uses cleaning liquid containing ozone. Ozone has high detergency, but is easily decomposed. Therefore, ozone may be decomposed in the cleaning liquid remaining in the flow path for supplying the cleaning liquid to the filtration membrane.
- a circulation flow path is provided to return the cleaning liquid in the flow path to the cleaning liquid storage tank, and the ozone-decomposed cleaning liquid remaining in the flow path before cleaning is replaced with the ozone-containing cleaning liquid.
- the space available for installation may be limited in advance.
- the cleaning liquid storage tank cannot be installed in the vicinity of the membrane separation tank in which the membrane filtration process is performed, and the flow path from the cleaning liquid storage tank to the membrane separation tank may become long.
- the channel when the channel is long, the time required for supplying the cleaning liquid becomes long.
- the chemical is decomposed during the supply of the cleaning liquid, and there is a possibility that the concentration of the chemical becomes lower than the predetermined concentration when supplied to the filtration membrane. Therefore, in order to supply the drug to the filtration membrane before it is decomposed, it is devised to increase the supply flow rate. However, increasing the supply flow rate increases the amount of cleaning liquid used.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to provide a filtration membrane cleaning apparatus that can reduce the amount of cleaning liquid used while maintaining the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid.
- a filtration membrane cleaning apparatus stores a cleaning liquid containing a chemical for cleaning a filtration membrane, and includes a cleaning liquid storage tank having an outlet and an inlet, and an outlet and an inlet of the cleaning liquid storage tank. and a supply provided with a supply pump that is connected to the circulation channel and that supplies part of the cleaning liquid circulating in the circulation channel to the filtration membrane. and a controller for controlling at least one of the circulation pump and the supply pump so that the flow rate of the cleaning liquid is faster in the circulation channel than in the supply channel.
- the water treatment apparatus includes a membrane separation tank having a filtration membrane for membrane filtration of water to be treated, a membrane filtration tank for storing membrane filtered water subjected to membrane filtration by the membrane separation tank, and a filtration membrane. and a cleaning liquid storage tank having an outlet and an inlet, and a circulation pump connecting the outlet and the inlet of the cleaning liquid storage tank to circulate the cleaning liquid.
- a circulation channel a supply channel connected to the circulation channel and provided with a supply pump for supplying part of the cleaning liquid circulating in the circulation channel to the filtration membrane, and a flow rate of the cleaning liquid circulating from the supply channel.
- a controller for controlling at least one of the circulation pump and the supply pump to speed up the flow path.
- the cleaning liquid is circulated in a circulation channel that connects the outlet and the inlet of a cleaning liquid storage tank that stores the cleaning liquid, and the cleaning liquid circulating in the circulation channel is circulated.
- a part of the cleaning liquid is supplied from the circulation channel to the filtration membrane via the supply channel for supplying the cleaning liquid to the filtration membrane, so that the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid is faster in the circulation channel than in the supply channel.
- a circulation channel connecting the outlet and the inlet of the cleaning liquid storage tank and a supply channel for supplying the circulating cleaning liquid to the filtration membrane are provided, and the flow rate of the cleaning liquid is controlled by the supply channel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water treatment device according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water treatment device according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water treatment device 100.
- the water treatment apparatus 100 includes a membrane separation tank 2 having a filtration membrane 3 for membrane filtration of the water 1 to be treated, a membrane filtration tank 18 for storing membrane filtered water 19 that has undergone membrane filtration in the membrane separation tank 2, and a filtration It has a cleaning liquid storage tank 27 for storing a cleaning liquid 28 for cleaning the membrane 3 , and a channel for discharging the membrane filtered water 19 that has been subjected to membrane filtration by the filtration membrane 3 and supplying the cleaning liquid 28 .
- the membrane separation tank 2 pollutants are separated and removed by the filtration membrane 3 from the water 1 to be treated, which has been treated, for example, by the activated sludge method.
- the water to be treated 1 is, for example, tap water, sewage, secondary treated sewage, industrial waste water, seawater, human waste, etc., and flows into the membrane separation tank 2 through the water flow path 5 to be treated.
- a sludge withdrawal channel 6 and a sludge circulation channel 7 may be connected to the membrane separation tank 2 .
- the sludge extraction channel 6 is provided with a sludge extraction pump 9 for extracting sludge
- the sludge circulation channel 7 is provided with a sludge circulation pump 10 for circulating sludge in the membrane separation tank 2 .
- an air diffuser 8 may be arranged at the bottom of the membrane separation tank 2 .
- a membrane surface aeration blower 12 is connected to the air diffuser 8 via an air supply pipe 11 .
- the material of the filtration membrane 3 is not limited, but a fluorine-based resin compound that has excellent resistance to strong oxidants such as ozone is preferable.
- Other examples include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer.
- Fluorinated resin compounds such as coalescence (ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), cellulose acetate , celluloses such as ethyl cellulose, ceramics, and the like may be used. Also, a combination of two or more of the above materials may be used.
- filtration membrane 3 is not limited.
- various filtration membranes 3 known in the art such as microfiltration (MF) membranes and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, may be used.
- the average pore diameter of the filtration membrane 3 is not limited, it is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the filtration membrane 3 having an average pore diameter in this range not only contaminants adhering to the surface of the filtration membrane 3 in contact with the water to be treated 1, but also the surface of the filtration membrane 3 in contact with the membrane filtered water 19 or the filtration membrane 3 Contaminants chemically adhered in the pores of the can be efficiently removed.
- the shape of the filtration membrane 3 is not limited.
- it may have a shape known in the technical field, such as a cylindrical shape or a flat film shape.
- an immersion type, a casing type, a monolith type, or the like may be employed.
- the water flow method of the filtration membrane 3 is not limited. For example, a dead end filtration method or a cross-flow filtration method may be used. An external pressure filtration method may be used in which the water to be treated 1 flows outside the filtration membrane 3 and the filtered water flows inside, or an internal pressure filtration method in which the water to be treated 1 flows inside the filtration membrane 3 and the filtered water flows outside. may be
- Membrane filtered water 19 that has been subjected to membrane filtration by the membrane separation tank 2 is stored in the membrane filtered water tank 18 .
- the water treatment device 100 includes a washing device for washing the filtration membrane 3 .
- the cleaning device has a cleaning liquid storage tank 27 in which cleaning liquid 28 containing an agent for cleaning the filtration membrane 3 is stored.
- the type of drug is not limited as long as it does not deteriorate the material of the filtration membrane 3 and can decompose organic or inorganic substances. Therefore, it is preferable to use substances known in the technical field.
- agents capable of decomposing organic matter include sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ozone. You may use these individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the first agent preferably has a standard oxidation-reduction potential (25° C.) of less than 2.0 V measured using a hydrogen electrode
- the second agent preferably has a standard oxidation-reduction potential (25° C.) of 2.0 V or more measured using a hydrogen electrode.
- sodium hypochlorite may be used as the first chemical
- ozone may be used as the second chemical.
- Substances capable of decomposing inorganic matter include, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and organic acids such as oxalic acid and citric acid. These may also be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Two or more substances capable of decomposing organic substances and substances capable of decomposing inorganic substances may be used in combination.
- which one is used as the first drug or the second drug is not limited.
- a substance capable of decomposing organic substances is used as the first chemical
- a substance capable of decomposing inorganic substances is used as the second chemical.
- a substance capable of decomposing organic substances may be used as the second chemical.
- the drug concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 is not limited.
- sodium hypochlorite (effective chlorine concentration) is 1.0 g/L or more and 5.0 g/L or less
- sodium hydroxide is 1.0 g/L or more and 4.0 g/L.
- Ozone is preferably 10 mg/L or more and 40 mg/L or less, more preferably 20 mg/L or more and 30 mg/L or less.
- hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are 1.0 g/L or more and 10.0 g/L or less
- oxalic acid is 1.0 g/L or more and 2.0 g/L or less
- citric acid is 1 g/L.
- L or more and 10 g/L or less is preferable. If the chemical concentration is lower than the above range, it takes time to decompose contaminants adhering to the filtration membrane 3, and as the amount of cleaning liquid 28 used increases, the capacity of the chemical tank also increases. On the other hand, if the concentration of the drug is higher than the above range, the amount of the drug to be used will increase, resulting in an increase in the cost required for the drug.
- a flow path is formed by, for example, piping.
- the flow path includes a circulation flow path 25 , a supply flow path 4 and a membrane filtered water flow path 17 .
- the circulation flow path 25 is a flow path that connects the outflow port 40 and the inflow port 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 and circulates the cleaning liquid 28 stored in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 .
- the supply flow path 4 is a flow path for supplying the cleaning liquid 28 to the filtration membrane 3 of the membrane separation tank 2, and is also a flow path for supplying the membrane filtration water 19 that has been subjected to membrane filtration by the filtration membrane 3 to the membrane filtration water tank 18.
- the membrane filtered water channel 17 is a channel that connects the membrane filtered water tank 18 and the supply channel 4 .
- the switching unit 20 is provided in the supply channel 4 and connects the supply channel 4 and the membrane filtered water channel 17 .
- the switching unit 21 is provided in the circulation channel 25 and connects the circulation channel 25 and the supply channel 4 .
- the switching units 20 and 21 are, for example, three-way valves capable of switching the flow path of the cleaning liquid 28 or the membrane filtered water 19 .
- the circulation flow path 25 includes a circulation pump 22 and a circulation flow rate measuring section 23 . Also, a cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 may be provided. The cleaning liquid 28 is returned to the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 through the circulation flow path 25 by the circulation pump 22 .
- the circulation flow velocity measurement unit 23 is not limited as long as it can measure the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 circulating in the circulation flow path 25 .
- an electromagnetic current meter, propeller current meter, ultrasonic current meter, or radio wave current meter may be used.
- the cleaning liquid concentration measurement unit 24 measures the drug concentration in the cleaning liquid 28 .
- the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 may be appropriately selected according to the chemical, such as an absorbance type ozone concentration meter, an electrode type ozone concentration meter, or the like.
- the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 may be positioned downstream of the circulation pump 22 , the circulation flow rate measuring section 23 and the switching section 21 , and the closer it is to the inlet 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 , the better.
- the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 is arranged near the inlet 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 , it is possible to measure the chemical concentration when the circulating cleaning liquid 28 is returned to the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 . Therefore, the chemical concentration in the circulating cleaning liquid 28 can be accurately grasped.
- the supply flow path 4 includes a supply pump 14 and a supply flow rate measuring section 15 . Also, a pressure gauge 13 may be provided. During the membrane filtration process, it becomes a channel for supplying the membrane filtered water 19 to the membrane filtered water tank 18 by the membrane filtered pump 16 provided in the membrane filtered water channel 17 which will be described later.
- the supply pump 14 provided in the supply flow path 4 serves as a flow path for supplying part of the cleaning liquid 28 circulating in the circulation flow path 25 to the filtration membrane 3 .
- a supply flow velocity measurement unit 15 measures the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 in the supply channel 4 .
- the supply flow rate measuring section 15 is not limited as long as it can measure the flow rate of the cleaning liquid 28 circulating in the circulation flow path 25 in the same manner as the circulation flow rate measuring section 23 .
- the membrane-filtered water flow path 17 includes a membrane-filtered pump 16 .
- the membrane filtered water 19 separated by the membrane filtration pump 16 in the membrane separation tank 2 passes through the supply channel 4 and the membrane filtered water channel 17 and flows into the membrane filtered water tank 18 .
- All pumps and switching units are connected to the control unit 26. Moreover, the measurement results of the supply flow velocity measurement unit 15 and the circulation flow velocity measurement unit 23 are transmitted to the control unit 26 .
- a control unit 26 controls the operation of all pumps and switching units. A control method by the control unit 26 will be described later in the water treatment method.
- Water treatment methods are roughly divided into membrane filtration and cleaning of the filtration membrane 3 .
- the filter membrane 3 is used to separate and remove contaminants. If the membrane filtration treatment is continuously performed, there is a problem that the filtration performance is lowered. Specifically, with continuous use of the filtration membrane 3, contaminants adhere to the surface of the filtration membrane 3 in contact with the water to be treated 1, the surface of the filtration membrane 3 in contact with the filtered water, and the pores of the filtration membrane 3. As a result, clogging occurs, and filtration performance gradually decreases.
- the filtration membrane 3 when the filtration membrane 3 is clogged, the pressure required for membrane filtration increases. Therefore, the membrane filtration flux, the membrane filtration water amount per unit time and unit membrane area are lowered. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of the filtration membrane 3, the filtration membrane 3 is periodically washed.
- the membrane filtration process will be explained.
- the operation of the pump and the switching unit, which will be described later, is controlled by the control unit 26 .
- the switching unit 20 is closed on the circulation channel 25 side, opened on the membrane separation tank 2 side and the membrane filtered water channel 17 side, and the membrane filtration pump 16 is activated.
- the water to be treated 1 is membrane-filtered by the filtration membrane 3, and the membrane-filtered water 19 filtered by the filtration membrane 3 is discharged to the membrane-filtered water tank 18 via the supply channel 4 side and the membrane-filtered water channel 17. .
- the filtration membrane 3 may be pretreated before starting the washing treatment of the filtration membrane 3 .
- the filtration membrane 3 may be pre-washed by preparing a pre-wash liquid containing no chemicals. By performing preliminary washing, contaminants attached to the surface of the filtration membrane 3 in contact with the water 1 to be treated can be easily removed.
- the cleaning liquid 28 is circulated.
- the supply channel 4 side of the switching unit 21 is closed, and the outflow port 40 side and the inflow port 41 side of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 are opened.
- the circulation pump 22 is activated to circulate the washing liquid 28 containing the chemicals from the washing liquid storage tank 27 through the circulation flow path 25 .
- the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation channel 25 can be replaced with the new cleaning liquid 28 . Therefore, even if the chemicals in the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation flow path 25 are decomposed, the cleaning efficiency in the initial stage of cleaning can be improved.
- the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 is measured by the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 provided in the circulation flow path 25 .
- the circulation flow path 25 may be provided with, for example, a static mixer or the like for uniformly mixing the cleaning liquid 28 .
- the cleaning liquid 28 is supplied to the filtration membrane 3 .
- the switching unit 21 opens all directions on the supply channel 4 side, the outflow port 40 side and the inflow port 41 side of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 .
- the supply pump 14 is started to supply part of the cleaning liquid 28 circulating in the circulation flow path 25 to the filtration membrane 3 via the supply flow path 4 to back wash the filtration membrane 3 .
- the cleaning liquid 28 discharged from the filtration membrane 3 after backwashing can be discharged into the membrane separation tank 2 and used as the water 1 to be treated for membrane filtration.
- the washing liquid 28 discharged from the filtration membrane 3 after back washing may be separately collected and treated as a treated liquid.
- the cleaning liquid 28 after each backwashing process which will be described later, is also processed in the same manner as described above.
- the circulation pump 22 and the supply pump 14 are controlled by the controller 26 . At that time, the flow velocity of the circulation channel 25 is made faster than the flow velocity of the supply channel 4 . Also, the flow rate is adjusted so that the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 and the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 are the same. The flow rate may be adjusted by controlling both the circulation pump 22 and the supply pump 14, or by controlling either one.
- a method of controlling the circulation pump 22 to adjust the flow rate for example, will be described with reference to FIG.
- the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 in the circulation channel 25 is made faster than the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 in the supply channel 4 .
- the supply flow velocity and the circulation flow velocity are measured using the supply flow velocity measurement unit 15 and the circulation flow velocity measurement unit 23 .
- the input to the motor of the circulation pump 22 is increased so that the value of the circulation flow velocity measurement unit 23 becomes higher than the value of the supply flow velocity measurement unit 15 .
- the input to the motor of the supply pump 14 should be lowered so that the value of the supply flow velocity measurement unit 15 becomes lower than the value of the circulation flow velocity measurement unit 23 .
- the inputs to the motors of the circulation pump 22 and the supply pump 14 should be adjusted so that the value of the circulation flow rate measuring unit 23 is higher than the value of the supply flow rate measuring unit 15. Just do it.
- the circulation pump 22 is controlled so that the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 and the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 are the same.
- the supply channel 4 is formed to be a channel shorter than the circulation channel 25 .
- the residence time of the cleaning liquid 28 can be obtained by dividing the pipe length by the flow velocity. Specifically, by dividing the pipe length from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 by the flow velocity obtained by the circulation flow rate measuring section 23, the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 is calculated. can be obtained.
- the value obtained by dividing the pipe length from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the switching unit 21 by the flow speed obtained by the circulation flow speed measuring unit 23 and the pipe length from the switching unit 21 to the filtration membrane 3 by the supply flow speed measuring unit 15 can be determined by adding the values obtained by dividing the obtained flow rate.
- the control unit 26 controls the supply pump 14 and circulation so that the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 and the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measurement unit 24 are the same. Controls the input to the pump 22 motor. For example, a case where the retention time from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 is longer than the retention time from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 will be described.
- the circulation pump 22 the input to the motor of the circulation pump 22 is increased.
- the feed pump 14 the input to the feed pump 14 motor is lowered.
- the flow velocity may be measured by the supply flow rate measuring section 15 and the circulation flow rate measuring section 23, and the flow rate may be calculated from the measured flow rates.
- the flow velocity can be obtained by dividing the flow rate by the pipe cross-sectional area.
- the pipe diameters of the flow paths may be different.
- the pipe diameters of the supply channel 4 and the circulation channel 25 may be different.
- the residence time of the cleaning liquid 28 can be obtained by dividing the flow rate per hour by the pipe capacity.
- the pipe capacity can be obtained by multiplying the pipe cross-sectional area and length. Therefore, by dividing the value of the flow rate obtained by the circulation flow rate measuring unit 23 by the pipe capacity from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24, the retention of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 can be calculated. You can ask for time.
- the value obtained by dividing the flow rate value obtained by the circulation flow rate measuring unit 23 by the piping capacity from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the switching unit 21 and the flow rate value obtained by the supply flow rate measuring unit 15 are obtained from the switching unit 21 to the filtration membrane.
- the retention time from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 can be obtained.
- the cleaning time of the filtration membrane 3 using the cleaning liquid 28 containing the drug may be appropriately set according to the amount of contaminants adhering to the filtration membrane 3 and the like. In general, it is preferable to use sodium hypochlorite for 90 minutes or less, ozone water for 60 minutes or less, and oxalic acid or citric acid for 5 minutes or more and 7 minutes or less.
- sodium hypochlorite for 90 minutes or less
- ozone water for 60 minutes or less
- oxalic acid or citric acid for 5 minutes or more and 7 minutes or less.
- the membrane surface permeation flux which is the amount of water supplied per membrane area of the washing liquid 28 containing the chemical, is not limited. In general, it suffices if a flux that can be filled up to the end of the filtration membrane 3 can be secured. Specifically, when sodium hypochlorite is used, it is preferably 6 LMH (L/(m 2 ⁇ h)) or less, and when ozone water is used, it is preferably 30 LMH (L/(m 2 ⁇ h)) or less. If the membrane surface permeation flux is too high, the required amount of the cleaning liquid 28 increases, resulting in an increase in chemical costs, an increase in the capacity of the chemical tank, and breakage of the filtration membrane 3 .
- the washing liquid 28 will not be filled up to the end of the filtration membrane 3, making it impossible to decompose contaminants adhering to the filtration membrane 3, or, if ozone is used as the chemical, the concentration will decrease during supply. or
- the cleaning method of the filtration membrane 3 includes a cleaning method in which the cleaning liquid 28 is passed through the filtration membrane 3 and then the cleaning liquid 28 is retained in the membrane as it is, and a cleaning method in which the filtration membrane 3 is immersed in the cleaning liquid 28 and retained. It is recommended to use a cleaning method that
- the circulation pump 22 and the supply pump 14 are stopped, the circulation channel 25 side of the switching unit 20 is closed, and the membrane filtration pump 16 is opened. Then, the membrane filtration pump 16 is activated, and the membrane filtration treatment of the water 1 to be treated can be performed again. Thereby, the membrane filtration process of the to-be-processed water 1 can be performed continuously and efficiently.
- a conventional cleaning device for the filtration membrane 3 supplied the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 at a constant flow rate. Therefore, when the flow path from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 is long, the chemicals in the cleaning liquid are decomposed during supply and the concentration is lowered. In addition, increasing the flow rate increases the amount of cleaning liquid used in order to supply the chemicals before they are decomposed.
- the cleaning apparatus for the filtration membrane 3 in this embodiment includes a circulation flow path 25 connecting the outlet 40 and the inlet 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 and a supply flow for supplying the circulating cleaning liquid 28 to the filtration membrane 3. a path 4; At least one of the circulation pump 22 and the supply pump 14 is controlled so that the flow rate of the cleaning liquid 28 is faster in the circulation channel 25 than in the supply channel 4 .
- the circulation flow rate of the cleaning liquid 28 faster than the supply flow rate to the filtration membrane 3 , it is possible to suppress the decrease in the chemical concentration in the cleaning liquid 28 while the cleaning liquid 28 is being supplied from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 . can. Thereby, the drug concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 can be maintained. Furthermore, since the supply flow rate is slower than the circulation flow rate, the amount of cleaning liquid 28 used can be reduced.
- the water treatment apparatus 100 in the present embodiment includes a cleaning device for the filtration membrane 3 that can reduce the usage of the cleaning liquid 28 while maintaining the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 as described above.
- a cleaning device for the filtration membrane 3 that can reduce the usage of the cleaning liquid 28 while maintaining the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 as described above.
- the water treatment apparatus 100 repeats the membrane filtration process and the cleaning process of the filtration membrane 3, the supply and stop of the cleaning liquid 28 are repeated. Therefore, while the supply of the cleaning liquid 28 is stopped, the chemicals in the cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the flow path may be decomposed.
- Water treatment apparatus 100 in the present embodiment circulates cleaning liquid 28 before supplying cleaning liquid 28 to filtration membrane 3 . As a result, the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation channel 25 can be replaced with the new cleaning liquid 28 . Therefore, even if the chemicals in the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation flow path 25 are decomposed, the cleaning efficiency in the initial stage of cleaning can be improved.
- the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 is measured by the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 provided in the circulation flow path 25 . This confirms whether or not the cleaning liquid 28 in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 has a predetermined chemical concentration.
- the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 and the retention time of the cleaning liquid 28 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 are set to be the same.
- the concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied to the filtration membrane 3 can be estimated from the value of the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 . Therefore, the concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 and the concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied to the filtration membrane 3 can be confirmed by one cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 .
- the cleaning liquid storage tank A plurality of 27 may be provided and the cleaning process may be performed by the same method.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water treatment device 100.
- the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 stores ozone water as the cleaning liquid 28 .
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. The same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as in the first embodiment.
- the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 has an air diffuser 31 at its bottom, and an ozone generator 29 is connected to the air diffuser 31 via an ozone supply pipe 30 .
- the ozone raw material supplied to the ozone generator 29 is not limited.
- oxygen generated by liquid oxygen, PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), or PVSA (Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption) may be used.
- the ozonized water that is no longer needed is treated by the exhaust ozone treatment equipment 33 via the exhaust ozone pipe 32 and discharged to the treatment ozone pipe 34 .
- ozone gas generated by the ozone generator 29 is supplied from the air diffuser 31 to the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 via the ozone supply pipe 30 . Ozone water is thereby generated in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 . Then, the ozone water generated in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 is supplied to the filtration membrane 3 through the circulation flow path 25 and the supply flow path 4 to backwash the filtration membrane 3 .
- the filtration membrane 3 cleaning apparatus in this embodiment includes a circulation channel 25 and a supply channel 4, and the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 is made faster in the circulation channel 25 than in the supply channel 4. .
- the amount of the cleaning liquid 28 used can be reduced while maintaining the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 .
- ozone water can be generated in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 by supplying the ozone gas generated by the ozone generator 29 from the air diffuser 31 to the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 via the ozone supply pipe 30 .
- the concentration of the ozonated water stored in the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 can be easily maintained.
- the air diffuser 31 is used as the means for supplying ozone gas
- other supply means may be used as long as it can generate ozone water.
- an ejector type, mechanical stirring type, downward injection type, or other ozone gas supplying means may be used.
- cleaning liquid 28 containing ozone and a chemical other than ozone may be used in combination.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water treatment device 100.
- the flow path from the outflow port 40 to the inflow port 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 forms a channel shorter than the circulation flow channel 25, and the flow path of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 is controlled by the circulation pump 22.
- On the 41 side there is a connection channel 37 that connects two points of the circulation channel 25 on the side of the cleaning solution storage tank 27 from the cleaning solution concentration measuring unit 24 to the outflow port 40 side.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as in the first embodiment.
- the circulation flow path 25 includes a switching section 38 between the circulation pump 22 and the circulation flow rate measuring section 23 and the switching section 21 , and a switching section 39 between the switching section 21 and the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 .
- a flow path from the outflow port 40 to the inflow port 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 can be formed shorter than the circulation flow path 25. .
- the cleaning liquid 28 is circulated through the connection channel 37 .
- the switching section 21 side of the switching section 38 is closed, and the circulation flow velocity measuring section 23 side and the switching section 39 side are opened.
- the switching section 39 closes the switching section 21 side and opens the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 side and the switching section 38 side.
- the circulation pump 22 is activated to circulate the cleaning liquid 28 through the outlet 40 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 , the switching portion 38 , the connecting channel 37 , the switching portion 39 and the inlet 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 in this order.
- the cleaning liquid 28 is supplied to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 through a channel shorter than the circulation channel 25 via the connection channel 37 . This makes it possible to more accurately confirm whether the chemical concentration in the cleaning liquid 28 supplied from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 is at a predetermined concentration.
- the switching unit 38 closes the switching unit 39 side and opens the circulation flow velocity measuring unit 23 side and the switching unit 21 side.
- the switching section 39 closes the switching section 38 side and opens the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 and the switching section 21 side.
- the switching unit 21 closes the supply channel 4 side and opens the switching unit 38 side and the switching unit 39 side.
- the circulation pump 22 is activated to circulate the cleaning liquid 28 through the outlet 40 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27, the switching section 21, and the inlet 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 in this order.
- the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation channel 25 can be replaced with the new cleaning liquid 28 . Therefore, even if the chemicals in the old cleaning liquid 28 remaining in the circulation flow path 25 are decomposed, the cleaning efficiency in the initial stage of cleaning can be improved.
- Other water treatment methods are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the filtration membrane 3 cleaning apparatus in this embodiment includes a circulation channel 25 and a supply channel 4, and the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 is made faster in the circulation channel 25 than in the supply channel 4. .
- the amount of the cleaning liquid 28 used can be reduced while maintaining the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 .
- the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 cannot be installed near the membrane separation tank 2 in some cases. In this case, since the flow path from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the filtration membrane 3 is lengthened, the circulation flow path 25 from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 to the cleaning liquid concentration measuring section 24 is also lengthened. In such a water treatment apparatus 100, when the chemical concentration measured by the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 is low, the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 is low, or during the supply to the filtration membrane 3 It is not possible to determine whether the drug concentration has decreased.
- the circulation flow path 25 is arranged to store the cleaning liquid more than the circulation pump 22 so that the flow path from the outflow port 40 to the inflow port 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 forms a flow path that is shorter than the circulation flow path 25 .
- This problem can be solved by providing a connection channel 37 that connects two points on the side of the inlet 41 of the tank 27 from the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 to the outlet 40 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 . With this configuration, the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 and the chemical concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied to the filtration membrane 3 can be confirmed separately.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the water treatment device 100.
- a water treatment apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 4 has an ozone generator 29 connected to a cleaning liquid storage tank 27 via an ozone supply pipe 30 .
- the cleaning liquid concentration measuring unit 24 measures the concentration of the cleaning liquid from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 at the inlet 41 side of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 from the circulation pump 22 so that the flow path from the outflow port 40 to the inflow port 41 of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 forms a flow path shorter than the circulation flow path 25 .
- It has a connection channel 37 that connects two locations on the outflow port 40 side of the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 .
- the circulation channel 25 and the supply channel 4 are provided, and the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 is made faster in the circulation channel 25 than in the supply channel 4 .
- the circulation channel 25 and the supply channel 4 are provided, and the flow velocity of the cleaning liquid 28 is made faster in the circulation channel 25 than in the supply channel 4 .
- the ozone concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied from the cleaning liquid storage tank 27 and the ozone concentration of the cleaning liquid 28 supplied to the filtration membrane 3 can be checked separately. .
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Abstract
Description
例えば特許文献1の水処理装置は、オゾンを含有する洗浄液が用いられる。オゾンは洗浄力が高いが、分解されやすい。そのため、洗浄液を濾過膜に供給する流路内に残った洗浄液はオゾンが分解されている可能性がある。その場合、洗浄初期にオゾンが分解された洗浄液が濾過膜に供給され、洗浄効率が悪くなる虞がある。そこで、流路内の洗浄液を洗浄液貯蔵槽に還流する循環流路を設け、洗浄前に流路内に残ったオゾンが分解された洗浄液をオゾン含有洗浄液に置換している。
図1を用いて、実施の形態1における濾過膜3の洗浄装置を備える水処理装置100について説明する。図1は水処理装置100の概略図である。水処理装置100は、被処理水1を膜濾過処理する濾過膜3を有する膜分離槽2と、膜分離槽2において膜濾過処理された膜濾過水19を貯水する膜濾過水槽18と、濾過膜3を洗浄するための洗浄液28を貯蔵する洗浄液貯蔵槽27と、濾過膜3で膜濾過処理された膜濾過水19を排出及び洗浄液28を供給する流路とを有する。
薬剤の種類は、濾過膜3の材質を劣化させず、有機物又は無機物を分解可能な物質であれば限定されない。そのため、当該技術分野において公知の物質を用いるとよい。例えば有機物を分解可能な薬剤は、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、過酸化水素、水酸化ナトリウム、オゾン等がある。これらは、単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。有機物を分解可能な薬剤を2種以上組み合わせて用いる場合、第1の薬剤は水素電極を用いて測定された標準酸化還元電位(25℃)が好ましくは2.0V未満であり、第2の薬剤は水素電極を用いて測定された標準酸化還元電位(25℃)が好ましくは2.0V以上である。例えば第1の薬剤として次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、第2の薬剤としてオゾンを用いるとよい。また、無機物を分解可能な物質は、例えば塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等の無機酸、シュウ酸、クエン酸等の有機酸である。これらも、単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。有機物を分解可能な物質と無機物を分解可能な物質を2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。その場合、どちらを第1の薬剤又は第2の薬剤として用いるかは限定されない。例えば、有機物を分解可能な物質を第1の薬剤として用いた場合は無機物を分解可能な物質を第2の薬剤とする。無機物を分解可能な物質を第1の薬剤として用いた場合は有機物を分解可能な物質を第2の薬剤として用いればよい。
切替部20、21は洗浄液28又は膜濾過水19の流路を切替可能な例えば三方弁である。
供給流速測定部15は供給流路4の洗浄液28の流速を測定する。供給流速測定部15は循環流速測定部23と同様に、循環流路25を循環する洗浄液28の流速を測定できれば限定されない。
まず、切替部20の循環流路25側を閉じ、膜分離槽2側及び膜濾過水流路17側を開き、膜濾過ポンプ16を起動させる。これにより、被処理水1が濾過膜3で膜濾過され、濾過膜3で濾過された膜濾過水19が供給流路4側及び膜濾過水流路17を介して膜濾過水槽18へ排出される。
膜濾過処理を行っていた場合は、膜濾過ポンプ16を停止して膜濾過処理を終了させる。そして、切替部20は膜濾過水流路17側を閉じ、膜分離槽2側及び循環流路25側を開く。膜濾過処理の終了後、濾過膜3の洗浄処理を開始する前に、濾過膜3を予備処理してもよい。例えば、濾過膜3を一定時間空気に曝すことにより、被処理水1と接する濾過膜3の表面に付着した汚濁物質を除去し易くすることができる。また、薬剤を含有していない予備洗浄液を用意して濾過膜3を予備洗浄してもよい。予備洗浄を行うことで、被処理水1と接する濾過膜3の表面に付着した汚濁物質を除去し易くすることができる。
これにより、洗浄液濃度測定部24の値から濾過膜3へ供給される洗浄液28中の薬剤濃度の推定が可能となる。
実施の形態2における濾過膜3の洗浄装置を備える水処理装置100について図2を用いて説明する。図2は水処理装置100の概略図である。実施の形態2では、薬剤の分解が洗浄液生成直後から起こり、薬剤の濃度維持が特に困難であるオゾンを洗浄液28の薬剤として用いる例を示す。すなわち、洗浄液貯蔵槽27は洗浄液28としてオゾン水を貯蔵する。その他の構成は、実施の形態1と同様である。実施の形態1と同様の構成については、同一符号が付されている。
まず、オゾン発生器29で発生させたオゾンガスを、オゾン供給配管30を介して散気装置31から洗浄液貯蔵槽27に供給する。これにより、洗浄液貯蔵槽27内でオゾン水を生成させる。そして、洗浄液貯蔵槽27内で生成したオゾン水を循環流路25及び供給流路4を介して濾過膜3に供給し、濾過膜3を逆流洗浄する。
実施の形態3における濾過膜3の洗浄装置を備える水処理装置100について図3を用いて説明する。図3は水処理装置100の概略図である。実施の形態3における水処理装置100は、洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流出口40から流入口41までが循環流路25より短い流路を形成するように、循環ポンプ22より洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流入口41側で洗浄液濃度測定部24より洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流出口40側の循環流路25の2か所を接続する接続流路37を有する。その他の構成は、実施の形態1と同様である。実施の形態1と同様の構成については、同一符号が付されている。
濾過膜3の洗浄処理を行う際、まず接続流路37を介して洗浄液28を循環させる。
切替部38の切替部21側を閉じ、循環流速測定部23側及び切替部39側を開く。切替部39は切替部21側を閉じ、洗浄液濃度測定部24側及び切替部38側を開く。次に、循環ポンプ22を起動させ、洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流出口40、切替部38、接続流路37、切替部39、洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流入口41の順に洗浄液28を循環させる。このように、洗浄液28は接続流路37を介した循環流路25より短い流路で洗浄液濃度測定部24に供給される。これにより、洗浄液貯蔵槽27で供給する洗浄液28中の薬剤濃度が所定の濃度であるかをより正確に確認することができる。
切替部38は切替部39側を閉じ、循環流速測定部23側及び切替部21側を開く。切替部39は切替部38側を閉じ、洗浄液濃度測定部24及び切替部21側を開く。切替部21は、供給流路4側を閉じ、切替部38側及び切替部39側を開く。次に、循環ポンプ22を起動させ、洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流出口40、切替部21、洗浄液貯蔵槽27の流入口41の順に洗浄液28を循環させる。これにより、循環流路25内に残った古い洗浄液28を新しい洗浄液28に置換できる。そのため、循環流路25内に残った古い洗浄液28中の薬剤が分解されていた場合でも、洗浄初期の洗浄効率を改善することができる。その他の水処理方法は実施の形態1と同様である。
Claims (8)
- 濾過膜を洗浄するための薬剤を含有する洗浄液を貯蔵し、流出口及び流入口を有する洗浄液貯蔵槽と、
前記洗浄液貯蔵槽の前記流出口と前記流入口とを接続し、前記洗浄液を循環させる循環ポンプが設けられた循環流路と、
前記循環流路に接続され、前記循環流路を循環している前記洗浄液の一部を前記濾過膜へ供給する供給ポンプが設けられた供給流路と、
前記洗浄液の流速が前記供給流路より前記循環流路において速くなるように前記循環ポンプ及び前記供給ポンプの少なくとも一方を制御する制御部と、
を備える濾過膜の洗浄装置。 - 前記薬剤は少なくともオゾンを含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の濾過膜の洗浄装置。 - 前記洗浄液貯蔵槽はオゾン発生器に接続された散気装置を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の濾過膜の洗浄装置。 - 前記循環流路は前記洗浄液中の薬剤濃度を測定する洗浄液濃度測定部を有し、
前記制御部は、前記洗浄液貯蔵槽から前記濾過膜までの前記洗浄液の滞留時間と、前記洗浄液貯蔵槽から前記洗浄液濃度測定部までの前記洗浄液の滞留時間が同一になるように、前記循環ポンプ及び前記供給ポンプの少なくとも一方を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の濾過膜の洗浄装置。 - 前記洗浄液貯蔵槽の前記流出口から前記流入口までが前記循環流路より短くなるように、前記循環ポンプより前記洗浄液貯蔵槽の前記流入口側で前記洗浄液濃度測定部より前記洗浄液貯蔵槽の前記流出口側の前記循環流路の2か所を接続する接続流路を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の濾過膜の洗浄装置。 - 被処理水を膜濾過処理する濾過膜を有する膜分離槽と、
前記膜分離槽により膜濾過処理された膜濾過水を貯水する膜濾過水槽と、
前記濾過膜を洗浄するための薬剤を含有する洗浄液を貯蔵し、流出口及び流入口を有する洗浄液貯蔵槽と、
前記洗浄液貯蔵槽の前記流出口と前記流入口とを接続し、前記洗浄液を循環させる循環ポンプが設けられた循環流路と、
前記循環流路に接続され、前記循環流路を循環している前記洗浄液の一部を前記濾過膜へ供給する供給ポンプが設けられた供給流路と、
前記洗浄液の流速が前記供給流路より前記循環流路において速くなるように前記循環ポンプ及び前記供給ポンプの少なくとも一方を制御する制御部と、
を備える水処理装置。 - 洗浄液を貯蔵する洗浄液貯蔵槽の流出口と流入口とを接続する循環流路において、前記洗浄液を循環させ、
前記循環流路を循環している前記洗浄液の一部を、前記循環流路から濾過膜へ供給するための供給流路を介して前記濾過膜へ供給し、
前記洗浄液の流速が前記供給流路より前記循環流路において速くなるようにすることを特徴とする
濾過膜の洗浄方法。 - 前記循環流路に設けられた洗浄液濃度測定部により前記洗浄液中の薬剤濃度を測定し、
前記洗浄液貯蔵槽から前記濾過膜までの滞留時間と、前記洗浄液貯蔵槽から前記洗浄液濃度測定部までの滞留時間が同一になるようにする
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の濾過膜の洗浄方法。
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