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WO2020253567A1 - 透明显示基板及透明显示装置 - Google Patents

透明显示基板及透明显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020253567A1
WO2020253567A1 PCT/CN2020/094944 CN2020094944W WO2020253567A1 WO 2020253567 A1 WO2020253567 A1 WO 2020253567A1 CN 2020094944 W CN2020094944 W CN 2020094944W WO 2020253567 A1 WO2020253567 A1 WO 2020253567A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
layer
grating
transparent display
backlight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/094944
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟宪东
谭纪风
王维
凌秋雨
陈小川
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/423,008 priority Critical patent/US11537004B2/en
Publication of WO2020253567A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253567A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133618—Illuminating devices for ambient light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G02B5/1823—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings in an overlapping or superposed manner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1828—Diffraction gratings having means for producing variable diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0018—Redirecting means on the surface of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide

Definitions

  • This application generally relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to a transparent display substrate and a transparent display device.
  • the Lambertian light modulation of the LED light source is coupled into the light guide plate at a certain central angle through a free-form surface reflector.
  • the role of the light extraction grating is to take out the large-angle light that is totally reflected and propagated in the light guide plate at a collimation angle, realizing a collimated light source with high transmittance (most of the background light can pass through the light guide plate);
  • a liquid crystal grating and a light-shielding layer array are arranged above, and the outgoing collimated light is absorbed by the light-shielding layer to achieve a dark state (L0).
  • a set of voltage signals is given to the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal grating to make the liquid crystal layer form a predetermined
  • the grating is emitted after being diffracted by the liquid crystal grating, and different voltage signals are applied to the liquid crystal layer to realize the different diffraction efficiency of the liquid crystal grating to the incident light, so as to realize multi-gray scale display.
  • the application expects to provide a transparent display substrate and a transparent display device to solve the problem of light leakage during dark state display and lower display contrast.
  • the present application provides a transparent display substrate including a display layer and a liquid crystal grating layer disposed on one side of the display layer, the display layer includes a black matrix and a display area defined by the black matrix, the A backlight unit is provided on the side of the liquid crystal grating layer facing away from the display layer, and the backlight unit includes a backlight layer for emitting backlight light to the display layer, and at least the The backlight light is condensed to the light collecting layer of the black matrix.
  • the backlight layer includes a light guide plate, and a grating layer is formed on a side of the light guide plate facing the display layer.
  • the light-concentrating layer includes convex lenses arranged in an array, the optical axis of each convex lens passes through the black matrix, and each light extraction grating of the grating layer corresponds to one convex lens.
  • the light-concentrating layer includes Fresnel zone plates arranged in an array, the optical axis of each Fresnel zone plate passes through the black matrix, and each light extraction grating of the grating layer All correspond to one of the Fresnel zone plates.
  • the convex lens is provided with a light-transmitting through hole, the light-transmitting through hole faces the light-extracting grating, and the aperture of the light-transmitting through hole is greater than or equal to the width of the light-extracting grating, and The diameter of the transparent through hole is less than or equal to the width of the black matrix.
  • a side of the light guide plate away from the light-concentrating layer is provided with a light-scattering layer
  • the light-scattering layer includes concave lenses arranged in an array, the convex lenses and the concave lenses are arranged one by one opposite to each other, and the convex lenses
  • the focal length of is equal to the focal length of the concave lens.
  • the backlight layer includes LED light sources arranged in a matrix, and each of the LED light sources is facing the black matrix, and a semi-reflective, semi-transparent film with a concave structure is provided for the position of each LED light source, so The inner concave surface of the semi-reflective semi-transparent film is a reflective surface and faces the LED light source and the black matrix.
  • the inner concave surface of the semi-reflective semi-transparent film is formed with a convex lens
  • the outer convex surface of the semi-reflective semi-transparent film is formed with a concave lens
  • the focal length of the convex lens and the concave lens are equal.
  • the present application provides a transparent display device including the above-mentioned transparent display substrate.
  • the backlight light at the position facing the display area is concentrated to the black matrix through the light-concentrating layer, so that the display area does not transmit the backlight light, which overcomes the light leakage during the dark state display.
  • the problem has improved the display contrast.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the transparent display substrates provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a convex lens provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a convex lens provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a concave lens for compensating a convex lens provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another transparent display substrate provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another concave lens for compensating a convex lens according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the transparent display substrate provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a display layer 2 and a liquid crystal grating layer 3 disposed on one side of the display layer 2.
  • the display layer 2 includes a black matrix 15 and a display area defined by the black matrix 15 A.
  • the display area A is the area where the pixels are formed.
  • the liquid crystal grating layer 3 is provided with a backlight unit on the side facing away from the display layer 2.
  • the backlight unit includes a backlight layer for emitting backlight light to the display layer 2, and at least for The backlight light at the position of the display area A is condensed to the light collecting layer of the black matrix 15.
  • the backlight light at the position of the display area A is concentrated to the black matrix 15 through the light-concentrating layer, so that the display area A position has no backlight light transmission, which overcomes the problem of light leakage during dark state display and improves Display contrast.
  • the backlight unit includes a backlight layer for emitting backlight light to the display layer 2.
  • the backlight layer includes a light guide plate 13, and a grating layer is formed on the side of the light guide plate 13 facing the display layer 2.
  • a reflector 6 is provided.
  • the reflector 6 is used to modulate the Lambertian light of the backlight light source (such as LED light source 7, etc.) into the light guide plate 13 at a certain central angle.
  • the light extraction grating 12 of the grating layer formed on the light plate 13 takes out the large-angle light beams totally reflected and propagated in the light guide plate 13 at a collimation angle, thereby realizing a collimated light source with high transmittance.
  • the light-gathering layer includes convex lenses 4 arranged in an array.
  • the convex lenses 4 arranged in an array can be in the form of one column and multiple rows.
  • the convex lens 4 adopts a strip Shaped convex lens 4.
  • the optical axis of each convex lens 4 passes through the black matrix 15, so that the backlight light emitted from the light guide plate 13 can be collected to the black matrix 15.
  • the backlight light emitted from the light guide plate 13 cannot reach the display area A, which overcomes The problem of light leakage during dark state display is solved, and the contrast ratio is improved.
  • Each light extraction grating 12 of the grating layer corresponds to a convex lens 4, that is, each light extraction grating 12 has a convex lens 4.
  • a convex lens 4 can correspond to one light extraction grating 12 or multiple light extraction gratings.
  • a plurality of light extraction gratings 12 may be correspondingly provided along the direction in which the convex lens 4 extends.
  • a liquid crystal grating layer 3 is arranged on the light-gathering layer. The liquid crystal grating layer 3 is equivalent to a transparent flat plate when it is not powered on.
  • the liquid crystal grating layer 3 When the liquid crystal grating layer 3 is powered on, it presents a grating state, which is very sensitive to light passing through it. Diffraction effect is generated, so that the backlight light condensed to the black matrix 15 through the light-collecting layer is diffracted, and as the voltage increases, the diffraction effect is enhanced. Through the control of the voltage, the backlight light diffracts to the backlight light of the display area A. It can realize the change of gray scale L0-L255, L0 is the dark state, and L255 is the bright state.
  • the light extraction grating 12 on the light guide plate 13 can be formed in the following manner. Firstly, one side of the light guide plate 13 is etched to form a whole grating, and then a mask is covered on the whole grating, and the whole grating The grating strips in the surface grating are etched in a dot shape, forming a light-taking grating 12 arranged in a matrix.
  • the convex lens 4 is provided with a light-transmitting through hole 5.
  • the light-transmitting through hole 5 is located at the center of the convex lens 4, that is, the optical axis of the convex lens 4 passes through the light-transmitting through hole 5, and the light-transmitting through hole 5 is directly opposite
  • the light extraction grating 12 and the backlight light transmitted by the total reflection in the light guide plate 13 emit a collimated light beam through the light extraction grating 12, and the collimated light beam is directed toward the black matrix 15 through the light transmission hole 5.
  • the aperture of the light-transmitting hole 5 is greater than or equal to the width of the light-trapping grating 12, so that the collimated light beams emitted through the light-trapping grating 12 can all be directed toward the black matrix 15 through the light-transmitting hole 5.
  • the aperture of the light-transmitting through hole 5 is less than or equal to the width of the black matrix 15 so that the black matrix 15 can completely block (absorb) the collimated light beam emitted through the light extraction grating 12.
  • the aperture referred to in this article is the maximum size of the light-transmitting hole 5.
  • the aperture is the diameter of the light-transmitting hole 5; if the light-transmitting hole 5 is a rectangular hole, the aperture is rectangular If the light-transmitting through hole 5 is a regular hexagon hole, the diameter is the longest diagonal dimension of the regular hexagon.
  • the use of the convex lens with the light-transmitting through hole 5 can not only condense the backlight light facing the display area A to the black matrix 15, but also can not affect the collimated light beam taken out by the light extraction grating 12.
  • the astigmatism layer includes the concave lens 10 arranged in an array, the convex lens 4 and the concave lens 10 are arranged one by one, and the focal length of the convex lens 4 is equal to the focal length of the concave lens 10.
  • the concave lens 10 is used as a compensation component for the ambient light. After being scattered by the concave lens 10, the ambient light is condensed by the convex lens 4.
  • the focal length of the convex lens 4 is equal to the focal length of the concave lens 10
  • the scattering of the ambient light by the concave lens 10 is the same as that of the convex lens 4.
  • the convergence effect can be offset, and the direction of the ambient light after passing through the concave lens 10 and the convex lens 4 in sequence remains unchanged.
  • the transparent display substrate includes a first light-transmitting layer 9.
  • the top surface of the first light-transmitting layer 9 has a convex structure.
  • the convex structure is used to form the concave lenses 10 arranged in a matrix on the first light-transmitting layer 9, and the second light-transmitting layer 11 is formed on the concave lenses 10.
  • a light guide plate 13 is provided on the second light transmission layer 11, a light extraction grating 12 is provided on the side of the light guide plate 13 away from the second light transmission layer 11, and a third light transmission is provided on the side where the light guide plate 13 is provided with the light extraction grating 12 Layer 14, the third light-transmitting layer 14 is used as the light guide plate 13 to be provided with a flattening layer on the side of the light-taking grating 12, an array of convex lenses 4 are formed on the third light-transmitting layer 14, and a liquid crystal grating layer 3 is formed on the convex lens 4
  • the electrodes of the liquid crystal grating layer 3 adopt, for example, but not limited to, an ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch, advanced super dimensional field switching technology) mode, that is, include a planar electrode 34, on which a dielectric layer 33 is provided, and the dielectric layer 33 A plurality of side-by-side strip electrodes 32 are arranged on the strip electrodes 32, and a liquid crystal layer 31 is arranged
  • the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 31 is preferably liquid crystal with high refractive index difference.
  • the display layer 2 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 31, and the upper substrate 1 is formed on the display layer 2.
  • the upper substrate 1 is, for example, but not limited to, a glass substrate, which is required to have high flatness and high transparency.
  • a reflector 6 is provided on the side of the light guide plate 13, and the reflector 6 is used to modulate the Lambertian light of the backlight light source (such as the LED light source 7, etc.) to be coupled into the light guide plate at a certain central angle, and transmit total reflection in the light guide plate 13. in.
  • the side of the backlight light source away from the reflector 6 is provided with a reflective layer 8, and the reflective layer 8 is used to reflect light propagating back to the reflector 6 into the reflector 6 to improve the utilization rate of the light source.
  • the first light-transmitting layer 9, the second light-transmitting layer 11, and the third light-transmitting layer 14 can all be resin layers with a low refractive index, whose refractive index is generally below 1.3 to reduce the refraction at the corresponding interface during light propagation. The adverse impact.
  • the light-gathering layer includes Fresnel zone plates arranged in an array, the optical axis of each Fresnel zone plate passes through a black matrix, and each light extraction grating of the grating layer corresponds to a Fresnel zone plate.
  • Zone film that is, this implementation uses a Fresnel zone plate to replace the above-mentioned convex lens, and the rest of the structure can be the same as the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the backlight layer includes LED light sources 17 arranged in a matrix.
  • the size of the LED light sources 17 is required to be as small as possible to reduce the adverse effects of light shading, and the spectral width is narrow. It can be micro-LED or micro-OLED.
  • Each LED light source 17 is facing the black matrix 15, and the position of each LED light source 15 is provided with a semi-reflective semi-transparent film 20 with a concave structure.
  • the inner concave surface of the semi-reflective semi-transparent film 20 is a reflective surface and faces the LED light source 17 and the black Matrix 15. The light emitted by the LED light source 17 is focused on the black matrix 15 via the reflective surface.
  • a convex lens 18 is formed on the inner concave surface of the semi-reflective semi-transparent film 20, and a concave lens 21 is formed on the outer convex surface of the semi-reflective semipermeable film 20.
  • the focal lengths of the convex lens 18 and the concave lens 21 are equal.
  • the convex lens 18 and the concave lens 21 are used as the receiving structure for forming the semi-reflective semi-transparent film 20.
  • the concave surface of the concave lens 21 or the convex surface of the convex lens 18 can be coated with the semi-reflective semi-transparent film 20.
  • the concave lens 21 is placed on both sides of the semi-reflective and semi-transparent film 20 to form a flat structure. That is, the concave lens 21 compensates for the light modulation effect of the convex lens 18 on the external ambient light. When the external ambient light passes through, it will not be affected in any way. Accordingly, the backlight requirement for transparent display is realized.
  • the transparent display substrate includes a first light-transmitting layer and the first light-transmitting layer includes concave lenses 21 arranged in an array, and the concave surface of the concave lenses 21 is coated with a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film 20.
  • a convex lens 18 is formed on the concave surface of each semi-reflective film 20, and a lower substrate 19 is arranged on the convex lens 18.
  • the lower substrate 19 is, for example, but not limited to, a glass substrate, and an array of LED light sources 17 are formed on the lower substrate 19 to form a dot matrix
  • a planarization layer 16 covering the LED light source 17 is formed on the lower substrate 19.
  • the planarization layer 16 can be a resin layer with a low refractive index, and its refractive index is generally below 1.3 to reduce the refraction at the corresponding interface during light propagation. And the adverse effects.
  • the liquid crystal grating layer 3 is formed on the planarization layer 16, and the electrodes of the liquid crystal grating layer 3 adopt, for example, but not limited to, the ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch, Advanced Super Dimension Switch) mode, that is, the planar electrode 34 is formed on the planar electrode 34.
  • a dielectric layer 33 is provided, a plurality of side-by-side strip electrodes 32 are provided on the dielectric layer 33, and a liquid crystal layer 31 is provided on the strip electrodes 32.
  • the fringe field effect is used to realize a liquid crystal grating.
  • the liquid crystal layer 31 The liquid crystal is preferably a liquid crystal with a high refractive index difference to improve the light efficiency of the liquid crystal.
  • the display layer 2 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 31, and the upper substrate 1 is formed on the display layer 2.
  • the upper substrate 1 is, for example, but not limited to, a glass substrate, which is required to have high flatness and high transparency.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a transparent display device including the transparent display substrate of any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the transparent display device may be, for example, a VR (Virtual Reality, virtual reality) device, an AR (Augmented Reality, augmented reality) device, a window display device, and the like.

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Abstract

一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置。透明显示基板包括显示层(2)和设置于显示层(2)一侧的液晶光栅层(3)，显示层(2)包括黑矩阵(15)及由黑矩阵(15)界定的显示区(A)，液晶光栅层(3)背离显示层(2)的一侧设置有背光单元，背光单元包括用于向显示层(2)出射背光光线的背光层，以及至少用于将正对显示区(A)位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵(15)的聚光层。

Description

透明显示基板及透明显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为：201910527365.2，申请日为2019年6月18日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请一般涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置。
背景技术
现有的透明显示装置，通过自由曲面反射镜将LED光源的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板，在导光板内全反射传输中，在导光板的上面或下面设置取光光栅，取光光栅的作用是将在导光板中全反射传播的大角度光线以准直角度取出，实现了高透过率的准直光源(背景光大部分可通过导光板)；在取光光栅上方设置液晶光栅及遮光层阵列，出射准直光被遮光层吸收实现暗态(L0)，在显示亮态(L255)时，给液晶光栅的液晶层一组电压信号，使液晶层形成预定的光栅，经液晶光栅的衍射后出射，给液晶层加不同的电压信号，可实现液晶光栅对入射光的不同衍射效率，以实现多灰阶显示。
但是，在加工过程中，由于光栅制备工艺原因，将会不可避免低导致非取光口区/显示透明区玻璃表面被刻蚀，以及导光板侧表面粗糙，导致暗态显示时出现漏光，降低了显示的对比度。
申请内容
本申请期望提供一种透明显示基板及透明显示装置，用以解决暗态显示时出现漏光，降低显示对比度的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供一种透明显示基板，包括显示层和设置于所述显示层一侧的液晶光栅层，所述显示层包括黑矩阵及由所述黑矩阵界定的显示区，所述液晶光栅层背离所述显示层的一侧设置有背光单元，所述背光单元包括用于向所述显示层出射背光光线的背光层，以及至少用于将正对所述显示区位置的所述背光光线聚射至所述黑 矩阵的聚光层。
在一些实施例中，所述背光层包括导光板，所述导光板朝向所述显示层的一侧形成有光栅层。
在一些实施例中，所述聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜，各所述凸透镜的光轴经过所述黑矩阵，且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述凸透镜。
在一些实施例中，所述聚光层包括阵列设置的菲涅尔波带片，各所述菲涅尔波带片的光轴经过所述黑矩阵，且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述菲涅尔波带片。
在一些实施例中，所述凸透镜上设置有透光通孔，所述透光通孔正对所述取光光栅，所述透光通孔的口径大于等于所述取光光栅的宽度，且所述透光通孔的口径小于等于所述黑矩阵的宽度。
在一些实施例中，所述导光板背离所述聚光层的一侧设置有散光层，所述散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜，所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜一一正对设置，所述凸透镜的焦距与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
在一些实施例中，所述背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源，各所述LED光源正对所述黑矩阵，正对于各所述LED光源的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜，所述半反半透膜的内凹面为反射面，且朝向所述LED光源及所述黑矩阵。
在一些实施例中，所述半反半透膜的内凹面形成有凸透镜，所述半反半透膜的外凸面形成有凹透镜，所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
第二方面，本申请提供一种透明显示装置，包括上述的透明显示基板。
本申请提供的上述方案，在暗态显示时，通过聚光层将正对显示区位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵，使得显示区位置无背光光线透射，克服了暗态显示时出现漏光的问题，提高了显示对比度。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本申请实施例提供的其中一种透明显示基板的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的凸透镜的俯视图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的凸透镜的立体图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的凹透镜对凸透镜进行补偿的原理图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另外一种透明显示基板的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另外一种凹透镜对凸透镜进行补偿的原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关申请，而非对该申请的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与申请相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的透明显示基板，包括显示层2和设置于显示层2一侧的液晶光栅层3，显示层2包括黑矩阵15及由黑矩阵15界定的显示区A，显示区A也即形成像素的区域，液晶光栅层3背离显示层2的一侧设置有背光单元，背光单元包括用于向显示层2出射背光光线的背光层，以及至少用于将正对显示区A位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵15的聚光层。
在暗态显示时，通过聚光层将正对显示区A位置的背光光线聚射至黑矩阵15，使得显示区A位置无背光光线透射，克服了暗态显示时出现漏光的问题，提高了显示对比度。
作为其中一种实现方式，背光单元包括用于向显示层2出射背光光线的背光层，背光层包括导光板13，导光板13朝向显示层2的一侧形成有光栅层，导光板13的侧面设置有反光罩6，反光罩6用于将背光光源(例如LED光源7等)的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板13，在导光板13内全反射传输中，在导光板13的上形成的光栅层的取光光栅12，将在导光板13中全反射传播的大角度光线以准直角度取出，实现了高透过率的准直光源。聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜4，例如但不限于，阵列设置的凸透镜4可以是一列多行的形式，采用此种形式的情况下，另参见图2、图3所示，凸透镜4采用条状的凸透镜4。各凸透镜4的光轴经过黑矩阵15，使得从导光板13中出射的背光光线可以汇集至黑矩阵15，则在暗态显示时，导光板13中出射的背光光线不能到达显示区A，克服了暗态显示时漏光的问题，提高了对比度。光栅层的各取光光栅12均对应一凸透镜4，即每一取光光栅12处都有一个凸透镜4，实际使用中，一个凸透镜4可以对应一个取光光栅12，也可以对应多个取光光栅12，如上述凸透镜4为条状结构时，沿着凸透镜4的条状延伸的方向可以对应设置多个取光光栅12。在聚光层上设置液晶光栅层3，液晶光栅层3在不加电的状态下，其相当于透明平板，液晶光栅层3在加电的状态下，呈现光栅状态，其对经过其的光线产生衍射作用，使得经过 聚光层向黑矩阵15聚射的背光光线发生衍射，且随着电压的增高，衍射作用增强，通过对电压大小的控制，控制背光光线衍射至显示区A的背光光线量，实现灰阶L0-L255的变化，L0为暗态，L255为亮态。
作为其中一种可实现方式，导光板13上的取光光栅12可通过以下方式形成，首先在导光板13的其中一面刻蚀形成整面光栅，然后在整面光栅上覆盖掩膜，将整面光栅中的各光栅条刻蚀呈点状，已形成矩阵排布的取光光栅12。
进一步地，凸透镜4上设置有透光通孔5，优选地，透光通孔5位于凸透镜4的中心，也即凸透镜4的光轴经过该透光通孔5，透光通孔5正对取光光栅12，导光板13中全反射传输的背光光线，经取光光栅12出射准直光束，准直光束经透光通孔5射向黑矩阵15。透光通孔5的口径大于等于取光光栅12的宽度，使得经取光光栅12出射的准直光束可以全部经透光通孔5射向黑矩阵15。透光通孔5的口径小于等于黑矩阵15的宽度，使得黑矩阵15可以完成遮挡(吸收)经取光光栅12出射的准直光束。本文所指的口径是透光通孔5的最大尺寸，若透光通孔5为圆孔，则口径为透光通孔5的直径；若透光通孔5为矩形孔，则口径为矩形的长边尺寸；若透光通孔5为正六边形孔，则口径为正六边形最长的对角线尺寸。采用具有透光通孔5的凸透镜既可以将正对显示区A的背光光线聚射到黑矩阵15，又能够不影响取光光栅12取出的准直光束。
进一步地，另参见图4所示，为了避免因设置聚光层而使得透过该透明显示基板的环境光被汇聚，影响透视效果，则在导光板13背离聚光层的一侧设置有散光层，散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜10，凸透镜4与凹透镜10一一正对设置，凸透镜4的焦距与凹透镜10的焦距相等。凹透镜10作为对环境光的补偿部件，环境光经过凹透镜10散射后在经凸透镜4汇聚，由于凸透镜4的焦距与凹透镜10的焦距相等，则凹透镜10对环境光的散射与凸透镜4对环境光的汇聚作用可以抵消，环境光顺次经过凹透镜10及凸透镜4后，其方向保持不变。
具体地，作为一种可实现方式，该透明显示基板包括第一透光层9。第一透光层9的顶面为外凸的结构，采用外凸的结构是为了在第一透光层9上形成矩阵排布的凹透镜10，在凹透镜10上形成第二透光层11，在第二透光层11上设置导光板13，导光板13背离第二透光层11的一侧设置有取光光栅12，在导光板13设置取光光栅12的一侧设置第三透光层14，第三透光层14作为导光板13设置取光光栅12一侧的平坦化层，在第三透光层14上形成阵列排布的凸透镜4，在凸透镜4上形成液晶光栅层3，液晶光栅层3的电极例如但不限于采用ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch，高级超维场转换技术)模式，即包括面状电极34，面状电极34上设置介电层33，介电层33上 设置多条并排的条状电极32，条状电极32上设置液晶层31，利用边缘场效应，实现液晶光栅，在该实施例中，液晶层31中的液晶优选高折射率差的液晶，以提高液晶光效。液晶层31上形成显示层2，显示层2上形成上基板1，上基板1例如但不限于为玻璃基板，要求其具有较高的平整度及高透明性。导光板13的侧面设置有反光罩6，反光罩6用于将背光光源(例如LED光源7等)的朗伯体光线调制以某一中心角度耦合入导光板，在导光板13内全反射传输中。背光光源背离反光罩6的一侧设置有反射层8，反射层8用于将背向反光罩6传播的光线反射进反光罩6，以提高光源利用率。
第一透光层9、第二透光层11及第三透光层14均可以采用低折射率的树脂层，其折射率一般在1.3以下，以降低光线传播中在对应界面处因折射而带来的不利影响。
作为另外一种可实现方式，聚光层包括阵列设置的菲涅尔波带片，各菲涅尔波带片的光轴经过黑矩阵，且光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一菲涅尔波带片。也即，该实现方式采用菲涅尔波带片替换上述的凸透镜，其余的结构可以与上述实施例相同。
作为又一种可实现方式，如图5所示，背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源17，一般地，要求LED光源17尺寸尽量小以降低其遮光的不利影响，光谱宽度窄，LED光源17还可以为micro-LED或micro-OLED。各LED光源17正对黑矩阵15，正对于各LED光源15的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜20，半反半透膜20的内凹面为反射面，且朝向LED光源17及黑矩阵15。LED光源17发出的光经反射面聚射到黑矩阵15。
进一步地，另参见图6所示，半反半透膜20的内凹面形成有凸透镜18，半反半透膜20的外凸面形成有凹透镜21，凸透镜18与凹透镜21的焦距相等。凸透镜18与凹透镜21一方面作为形成半反半透膜20的承接结构，例如可以通过在凹透镜21的凹面或在凸透镜18的凸面镀半反半透膜20，另一方面焦距相等的凸透镜18与凹透镜21分置于半反半透膜20的两侧，形成了平板结构，即凹透镜21补偿了凸透镜18对外界环境光的光线调制效果，当外界环境光穿过时，不会受到任何影响。据此实现了透明显示的背光需求。
具体地，作为一种可实现方式，该透明显示基板包括第一透光层第一透光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜21，凹透镜21的凹面镀有半透半反膜20。在各半反半透膜20的凹面形成凸透镜18，在凸透镜18上设置下基板19，下基板19例如但不限于为玻璃基板，在下基板19上形成阵列排布的LED光源17，形成点阵背光结构，在下基板19上形成覆盖LED光源17的平坦化层16，平坦化层16可以采用低折射率的树脂层，其折射率一般在1.3以下，以降低光线传播中在对应界面处因折射而带来的不利影响。平坦化层16上形成液晶光栅层3，液晶光栅层3的电极例如但不限于采用ADS(Advanced Super  Dimension Switch，高级超维场转换技术)模式，即包括面状电极34，面状电极34上设置介电层33，介电层33上设置多条并排的条状电极32，条状电极32上设置液晶层31，利用边缘场效应，实现液晶光栅，在该实施例中，液晶层31中的液晶优选高折射率差的液晶，以提高液晶光效。液晶层31上形成显示层2，显示层2上形成上基板1，上基板1例如但不限于为玻璃基板，要求其具有较高的平整度及高透明性。
另一方面，本申请实施例提供一种透明显示装置包括上述任一实施例的透明显示基板。透明显示装置例如可以是VR(Virtual Reality，虚拟现实)装置，AR(Augmented Reality，增强现实)装置、橱窗展示装置等。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的申请范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述申请构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种透明显示基板，包括显示层和设置于所述显示层一侧的液晶光栅层，所述显示层包括黑矩阵及由所述黑矩阵界定的显示区，其特征在于，所述液晶光栅层背离所述显示层的一侧设置有背光单元，所述背光单元包括用于向所述显示层出射背光光线的背光层，以及至少用于将正对所述显示区位置的所述背光光线聚射至所述黑矩阵的聚光层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述背光层包括导光板，所述导光板朝向所述显示层的一侧形成有光栅层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述聚光层包括阵列设置的凸透镜，各所述凸透镜的光轴经过所述黑矩阵，且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述凸透镜。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述聚光层包括阵列设置的菲涅尔波带片，各所述菲涅尔波带片的光轴经过所述黑矩阵，且所述光栅层的各取光光栅均对应一所述菲涅尔波带片。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述凸透镜上设置有透光通孔，所述透光通孔正对所述取光光栅，所述透光通孔的口径大于等于所述取光光栅的宽度，且所述透光通孔的口径小于等于所述黑矩阵的宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求3或5所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述导光板背离所述聚光层的一侧设置有散光层，所述散光层包括阵列设置的凹透镜，所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜一一正对设置，所述凸透镜的焦距与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述背光层包括矩阵排列的LED光源，各所述LED光源正对所述黑矩阵，正对于各所述LED光源的位置设置有凹面结构的半反半透膜，所述半反半透膜的内凹面为反射面，且朝向所述LED光源及所述黑矩阵。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的透明显示基板，其特征在于，所述半反半透膜的内凹面形成有凸透镜，所述半反半透膜的外凸面形成有凹透镜，所述凸透镜与所述凹透镜的焦距相等。
  9. 一种透明显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8任一项所述的透明显示基板。
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CN110727141A (zh) * 2019-10-23 2020-01-24 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 透明显示装置、制备方法和控制方法
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