WO2019215538A1 - 表示装置、表示モジュール、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、表示モジュール、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019215538A1 WO2019215538A1 PCT/IB2019/053474 IB2019053474W WO2019215538A1 WO 2019215538 A1 WO2019215538 A1 WO 2019215538A1 IB 2019053474 W IB2019053474 W IB 2019053474W WO 2019215538 A1 WO2019215538 A1 WO 2019215538A1
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- light
- emitting element
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- G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
- G09G3/3291—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
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- H10K59/1315—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals comprising structures specially adapted for lowering the resistance
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- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device, a display module, and an electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- a semiconductor device e.g., a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device (eg, a touch sensor), an input / output device (eg, a touch panel) ), A driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof can be given as an example.
- a large display device includes a home television device (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a digital signage (Digital Signage), a PID (Public Information Display), and the like.
- a home television device also referred to as a television or a television receiver
- Digital Signage Digital Signage
- PID Public Information Display
- the wider the display area the more easily noticeable to the human eye, and for example, it is expected to enhance the advertising effect of advertisements.
- a light emitting device having a light emitting element for example, a light emitting device having a light emitting element has been developed.
- a light-emitting element also referred to as an EL element
- EL electroluminescence
- Patent Document 1 discloses a flexible light emitting device to which an organic EL element is applied.
- the accuracy of placing the opening of the metal mask at a desired position is required to be high.
- alignment accuracy Also referred to as alignment accuracy
- a high-definition display device has a high pixel density and requires extremely high alignment accuracy, there is a problem that a yield in manufacturing the display device is reduced and a manufacturing cost is increased.
- the side-by-side method is difficult to adopt for a large-sized substrate, for example, a film is formed in a wider range than a desired region due to the deflection of the metal mask.
- a display device capable of full color display is manufactured using a color filter system in which a white light emitting element and a color filter are combined, a process of depositing a different light emitting layer on each color subpixel is unnecessary. Therefore, a high-definition display device or a large display device can be manufactured with high productivity.
- a light emitting layer common to the subpixels of each color is formed, the light emitted by each subpixel includes not only light of a desired color but also light of other colors. Therefore, the color filter method has problems such as that the color purity of light tends to be lower and the light use efficiency is lower than the side-by-side method.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that exhibits light with high color purity.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high display quality.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high emission efficiency.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with low power consumption.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that can be manufactured with high yield.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high definition.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with a long lifetime.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a large display device.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, a light-emitting layer, a common electrode, a first protective layer, and a semi-transmissive layer.
- the light emitting layer has a first region located on the first pixel electrode and a second region located on the second pixel electrode.
- the common electrode is located on the light emitting layer.
- the first protective layer is located on the common electrode.
- the semi-transmissive layer is located on the first protective layer.
- the transflective layer has higher reflectivity with respect to visible light than the common electrode with respect to visible light.
- the semi-transmissive layer does not overlap the first region, and the semi-transmissive layer overlaps the second region.
- the semi-transmissive layer may have an opening at a position overlapping with the first region.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a second protective layer.
- the second protective layer is in contact with the first protective layer in a region overlapping with the first region, and is in contact with the semi-transmissive layer in a region overlapping with the second region.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a conductive layer that transmits visible light and a second protective layer.
- the conductive layer that transmits visible light is located on the common electrode.
- the second protective layer is located on the conductive layer that transmits visible light.
- the conductive layer that transmits visible light includes a region in contact with the common electrode, a region in contact with the semi-transmissive layer, a region located between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, a first protective layer, A region located between the semi-transmissive layer.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a first optical adjustment layer and a second optical adjustment layer.
- the first optical adjustment layer is located between the first pixel electrode and the light emitting layer.
- the second optical adjustment layer is located between the second pixel electrode and the light emitting layer.
- Each of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode has reflectivity with respect to visible light.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a first reflective layer, a second reflective layer, a first optical adjustment layer, and a second optical adjustment layer.
- the first optical adjustment layer is located on the first reflective layer.
- the second optical adjustment layer is located on the second reflective layer.
- the first pixel electrode is located on the first optical adjustment layer.
- the second pixel electrode is located on the second optical adjustment layer.
- Each of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode has transparency to visible light.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a colored layer.
- the colored layer is located on the first protective layer and overlaps the second region.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a third pixel electrode.
- the light emitting layer further includes a third region located on the third pixel electrode.
- the semi-transmissive layer has a fourth region that overlaps with the second region and a fifth region that overlaps with the third region. The thickness of the fourth region is different from the thickness of the fifth region.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may further include a transistor, an insulating layer, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer.
- the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer each have the same material as the electrode included in the transistor.
- the transistor is electrically connected to the first pixel electrode through the first opening of the insulating layer.
- the common electrode is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the second opening of the insulating layer.
- the semi-transmissive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer through the third opening of the insulating layer. The third opening is located outside the display device than the second opening.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a display device having any one of the above-described structures, and a module to which a connector such as a flexible printed circuit board (hereinafter referred to as FPC) or a TCP (Tape Carrier Package) is attached. Or a module such as a module in which an integrated circuit (IC) is mounted by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or a COF (Chip On Film) method.
- FPC flexible printed circuit board
- TCP Tape Carrier Package
- One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the above module and at least one of an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, and an operation button.
- a display device that exhibits light with high color purity can be provided.
- a display device with high display quality can be provided.
- a display device with high emission efficiency can be provided.
- a display device with low power consumption can be provided.
- a display device that can be manufactured with high yield can be provided.
- a display device with high definition can be provided.
- a display device with a long lifetime can be provided.
- a large display device can be provided.
- FIG. 1A to 1E are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a display device.
- 2A and 2B are top views illustrating an example of a pixel.
- 2C to 2E are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a display device.
- 3A to 3E are top views illustrating an example of a pixel.
- 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 5A is a top view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the display device.
- FIG. 6A is a top view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the display device.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- 9A and 9B are perspective views illustrating an example of a touch panel.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a touch panel.
- 11A and 11B are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a touch panel.
- 12A and 12B are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a touch panel.
- 13A and 13B are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a transistor.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device.
- 18A and 18B are perspective views illustrating an example of a display module.
- FIG. 19A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a pixel.
- FIG. 19B illustrates an example of a pixel.
- 20A and 20B are timing charts illustrating an example of operation of a pixel.
- FIG. 21A to FIG. 21D illustrate examples of electronic devices.
- 22A to 22E illustrate examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 23A to FIG. 23F illustrate examples of electronic devices.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged with each other depending on circumstances or circumstances.
- conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive film”.
- insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a color filter type display device in which a white light emitting element and a color filter are combined. Therefore, it is easy to increase the size and definition of the display device. In addition, a display device can be manufactured with high yield.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes both a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is applied and a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied.
- a light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is applied can emit light with high color purity.
- a light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied can emit light with high efficiency.
- each of the subpixels exhibiting light such as red, green, or blue preferably has a light emitting element to which a microcavity structure is applied.
- the subpixel which exhibits white light has a light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has a top emission structure.
- a transistor, a capacitor, a wiring, and the like can be arranged so as to overlap with a light emitting region of a light emitting element. Therefore, a pixel opening is lower than that of a display device with a bottom emission structure. The rate can be increased, and the lifetime of the display device is increased, which is preferable.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a display device including the light-emitting element 110W and the light-emitting element 110a.
- the light emitting element 110W includes a pixel electrode 111 on the substrate 101, an optical adjustment layer 112W on the pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113 on the optical adjustment layer 112W, and a common electrode 114 on the EL layer 113.
- the light emitting element 110a includes a pixel electrode 111 on the substrate 101, an optical adjustment layer 112a on the pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113 on the optical adjustment layer 112a, and a common electrode 114 on the EL layer 113.
- One of the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 114 functions as an anode, and the other functions as a cathode.
- a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light emitting element is applied between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 114, holes are injected into the EL layer 113 from the anode side and electrons are injected from the cathode side.
- the injected electrons and holes are recombined in the EL layer 113, and the light-emitting substance contained in the EL layer 113 emits light.
- the optical adjustment layer 112W and the optical adjustment layer 112a have conductivity.
- the end portion of the pixel electrode 111, the end portion of the optical adjustment layer 112W, and the end portion of the optical adjustment layer 112a are each covered with an insulating layer 104.
- the insulating layer 104 has an opening in a portion overlapping with the pixel electrode 111.
- the EL layer 113 includes at least a light emitting layer.
- Each of the EL layer 113 and the common electrode 114 is provided over a plurality of light emitting elements.
- the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting element 110W are covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110a overlaps with the semi-transmissive layer 116 (also referred to as a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective layer) with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 does not overlap with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W (corresponding to the region overlapping the pixel electrode 111 and the optical adjustment layer 112W in the EL layer 113), but the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110a (pixels in the EL layer 113). It corresponds to a region overlapping with the electrode 111 and the optical adjustment layer 112a).
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 can also be regarded as a component of the light-emitting element 110a. That is, it can be said that the light-emitting element 110 a includes the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116. In addition, it can be said that the light emitting element 110a has a microcavity structure. Further, it can be said that the light emitting element 110W does not have a microcavity structure.
- a microcavity structure is applied to the light emitting element 110a.
- the light transmitted through the semi-transmissive layer 116 and emitted can be strengthened.
- the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 the light extraction efficiency for light with a desired wavelength can be increased.
- the light emitted from the light emitting element 110a is increased in intensity of light of a specific wavelength, and becomes, for example, purple, blue, blue green, green, yellow green, yellow, yellow orange, orange, or red light. Since the intensity of light having a desired wavelength is increased, light with high color purity can be obtained from the light-emitting element 110a.
- the microcavity structure is not applied to the light emitting element 110W.
- Light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted to the outside by the semi-transmissive layer 116 without increasing the intensity of light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, the light emitting element 110W can efficiently extract white light to the outside.
- the light-emitting element 110 ⁇ / b> W for a sub-pixel that exhibits white light power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- a display device including the light emitting element 110a to which the microcavity structure is applied and the light emitting element 110W to which the microcavity structure is not applied has high light extraction efficiency for both light with high color purity and white light. Therefore, a display device with high display quality and low power consumption can be realized.
- the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 is preferably adjusted so as to be m ⁇ / 2 (m is a natural number) or the vicinity thereof with respect to the wavelength ⁇ of light whose intensity is desired to be increased.
- the reflective property of the pixel electrode 111 with respect to visible light is higher than the reflective property of the common electrode 114 with respect to visible light.
- the pixel electrode 111 can also be said to be a reflective electrode.
- the common electrode 114 can also be said to be a transparent electrode.
- the reflective property of the semi-transmissive layer 116 with respect to visible light is preferably higher than the reflective property of the common electrode 114 with respect to visible light, and lower than the reflective property of the pixel electrode 111 with respect to visible light.
- the visible light reflectance of the pixel electrode 111 is 40% to 100%, preferably 70% to 100%.
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive layer 116 is 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%.
- the visible light transmittance of the common electrode 114 is 40% or more.
- the average value of the reflectance or transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less is preferably within the above range.
- permeability of the light of the predetermined wavelength of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less is in the said range.
- the optical distance can be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112a.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light can be used as the optical adjustment layer 112a.
- the optical adjustment layer 112a is preferably formed using an exposure technique using a multi-tone mask (halftone mask, graytone mask, etc.). Accordingly, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- a multi-tone mask halftone mask, graytone mask, etc.
- the light emitting element 110W includes an optical adjustment layer (between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113).
- An optical adjustment layer 112W) may be included.
- the light emitting element 110W may not include the optical adjustment layer 112W.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 1B includes a light-emitting element 110b in addition to the light-emitting element 110W and the light-emitting element 110a.
- the light emitting element 110b includes a pixel electrode 111 on the substrate 101, an optical adjustment layer 112b on the pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113 on the optical adjustment layer 112b, and a common electrode 114 on the EL layer 113.
- Each light emitting element is covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting element 110b overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116a with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the light emitting element 110b further overlaps with the semi-transmissive layer 116b with the protective layer 115 and the semi-transmissive layer 116a interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116a and the semi-transmissive layer 116b can also be regarded as components of the light-emitting element 110b, respectively. That is, it can be said that the light-emitting element 110b includes the pixel electrode 111, the semi-transmissive layer 116a, and the semi-transmissive layer 116b. In addition, it can be said that the light emitting element 110b has a microcavity structure.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116a does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W but overlaps the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110b.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116b does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W and the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110a, but overlaps the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110b.
- a microcavity structure is applied to each of the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting element 110b.
- the optical adjustment layer 112a and the optical adjustment layer 112b are layers having different thicknesses. Accordingly, the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 is different between the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting element 110b.
- Light emitted from the light emitting element 110a and the light emitting element 110b is light of a different wavelength, and becomes light of different colors. Since the intensity of light having a desired wavelength is increased, light with high color purity can be obtained from each of the light-emitting elements 110a and 110b.
- the light-emitting element 110a and the light-emitting element 110b have different thicknesses of the semi-transmissive layer that overlaps the light-emitting region. Specifically, since the light-transmitting region of the light-emitting element 110b overlaps the semi-transmissive layer 116b in addition to the semi-transmissive layer 116a, the amount of light reflected by the semi-transmissive layer increases, and the intensity of light of a specific wavelength is further increased. Strengthen. Thereby, in the light emitting element 110b, light with particularly high color purity can be obtained.
- the reflective property of the semi-transmissive layer with respect to visible light can be changed.
- the degree of increasing the intensity of light can be changed depending on the sub-pixel of each color.
- a light-emitting element 110W and a light-emitting element 110a illustrated in FIG. 1C are different from FIG. 1A in that the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W and the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112a are equal (thickness L).
- the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W and the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112a may be the same or different.
- the light-emitting element 110W does not overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116 and thus does not have a microcavity structure. However, as illustrated in FIG. 1D, part of the light 113EM emitted from the EL layer 113 is part of the pixel electrode 111.
- the light of a specific wavelength is strengthened by being reflected at. Therefore, it is preferable to set the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W according to the wavelength to be strengthened, and the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W may be equal to the thickness of the optical adjustment layer included in the sub-pixels of other colors. .
- the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W is used for the blue subpixel. It is preferable to be equal to the thickness. Thereby, the intensity of the blue wavelength light of the light 113EM is increased, and the light emitted through the common electrode 114 can be brought close to white light having a desired color temperature.
- the pixel electrode 111 has reflectivity with respect to visible light.
- the optical adjustment layer 112a, the optical adjustment layer 112b, the optical adjustment layer 112W, and the common electrode 114 each have transparency to visible light.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116, the semi-transmissive layer 116a, and the semi-transmissive layer 116b have both a reflectivity for visible light and a transmissivity for visible light.
- the pixel electrode 111, the optical adjustment layer 112a, the optical adjustment layer 112W, the common electrode 114, the semi-transmissive layer 116, the semi-transmissive layer 116a, and the semi-transmissive layer 116b are each formed of the following materials so as to satisfy the functions described above. They can be used in appropriate combinations.
- a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- an In—Sn oxide also referred to as ITO
- an In—Si—Sn oxide also referred to as ITSO
- an In—Zn oxide an In—W—Zn oxide
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide Also referred to as IGZO
- elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above for example, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr)), europium (Eu), Rare earth metals such as ytterbium (Yb), alloys containing these in appropriate combination, graphene, and the like can be used.
- a metal having a thickness that can transmit light (for example, a thickness of 1 nm to 30 nm) can be preferably used. It is preferable to use silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag as the metal because the transflective layer 116 has high reflectance and the light emitting element 110a can have high light emission efficiency. In addition, since Ag has a low visible light absorptivity, a film having both transparency and reflectivity for visible light can be formed by setting the thickness to such a level that light is transmitted.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 may be in a floating state or may be supplied with a predetermined potential.
- Al aluminum
- Ag has a particularly high reflectance, so that the light emission efficiency of the light emitting element can be increased, which is preferable.
- a metal oxide can be suitably used as the optical adjustment layer 112a, the optical adjustment layer 112b, the optical adjustment layer 112W, and the common electrode 114.
- the metal oxide preferably has one or both of indium (In) and zinc (Zn).
- In indium
- Zn zinc
- conductivity can be increased and light transmittance can be increased.
- Zn is low in material cost, manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element is low, which is preferable.
- the EL layer 113 includes a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance. Since the display device of this embodiment uses a light-emitting element that emits white light, the EL layer 113 has a structure in which two lights having complementary colors are obtained or a structure in which three lights of red, green, and blue are obtained. Etc. apply. As the light-emitting substance, one or both of a fluorescent light-emitting material and a phosphorescent light-emitting material can be used. In addition to the light-emitting layer, the EL layer 113 includes functional layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a charge generation layer.
- the display device in this embodiment has a structure in which a white light-emitting element and a color filter are combined, the structure of the EL layer 113 in each color sub-pixel can be the same.
- the protective layer 115 By using a film having a high barrier property for the protective layer 115, entry of impurities such as moisture and oxygen into the light-emitting element can be suppressed. Thereby, deterioration of a light emitting element can be suppressed and the reliability of a display apparatus can be improved.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 is provided so as not to overlap with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 can be formed in a desired shape by processing a film to be the semi-transmissive layer 116.
- a semi-transmissive layer 116 can be formed only in a desired region by first forming a film having both transparency and reflectivity to visible light and then processing the film.
- impurities are mixed into the EL layer 113, and the reliability of the light-emitting element is improved. May fall.
- the thickness of the protective layer 115 may be partially reduced. Specifically, the thickness of the protective layer 115 may be thinner than the other portions in the portion overlapping the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W from which the film to be the semi-transmissive layer 116 is removed.
- FIG. 1E illustrates a region 115n from which the protective layer 115 is removed, which overlaps with the light-emitting element 110W. Since the light emitting element 110W does not have a microcavity structure, even if the thickness of the protective layer 115 is reduced, the light emitting color is hardly affected.
- the light emitting element 110W has a sufficient thickness to prevent the reliability of the light emitting element from being lowered.
- the protective layer 115 is preferably covered. Further, since the thickness of the protective layer 115 affects the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116, if it is too thick, light having a specific wavelength may be excessively increased. For these reasons, the thickness of the protective layer 115 is 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm.
- the protective layer 115 preferably includes at least one inorganic film (or inorganic insulating film), and more preferably includes one or more inorganic films and one or more organic films.
- the protective layer 115 may include a first inorganic film on the common electrode 114, an organic film on the first inorganic film, and a second inorganic film on the organic film.
- the inorganic film (or the inorganic insulating film) has high moisture resistance and is difficult for water to diffuse and permeate. Further, it is preferable that one or both of hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse and permeate in the inorganic film (or inorganic insulating film). Accordingly, the inorganic film (or inorganic insulating film) can function as a barrier film. And it can suppress effectively that an impurity diffuses from the exterior with respect to a light emitting element, and can implement
- an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, a nitrided oxide insulating film, or the like can be used.
- the oxide insulating film include a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, and a tantalum oxide film.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- the oxynitride insulating film a silicon oxynitride film or the like can be given.
- the nitrided oxide insulating film include a silicon nitride oxide film.
- an oxynitride refers to a material having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as a composition
- a nitrided oxide has a nitrogen content as higher than oxygen as a composition. Refers to material.
- a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, and an aluminum oxide film are suitable as the protective layer 115 because they each have high moisture resistance.
- the difference between the refractive index of the protective layer 115 and the refractive index of the common electrode 114 is preferably 0.5 or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 or less.
- the refractive index of the common electrode 114 is relatively high.
- the refractive index of the common electrode 114 is about 2.0. Therefore, it is preferable to use a material having a relatively high refractive index for the protective layer 115.
- the refractive indexes of a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, and an aluminum oxide film are approximately 1.7 or more and 2.3 or less, and the refractive index is higher than that of a silicon oxide film (having a refractive index of about 1.5).
- the silicon nitride film, the silicon nitride oxide film, and the aluminum oxide film are suitable as the protective layer 115, respectively.
- the protective layer 115 can be formed using an inorganic film containing ITO, Ga—Zn oxide, Al—Zn oxide, In—Ga—Zn oxide, or the like.
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and preferably has a higher resistance than the common electrode 114.
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the conductive film that transmits visible light used for the common electrode 114 and the inorganic film that transmits visible light used for the protective layer 115 may have a common metal element.
- the adhesion between the common electrode 114 and the protective layer 115 can be improved, and the film can be prevented from peeling and impurities from entering from the interface.
- a first ITO film can be used for the common electrode 114, and a second ITO film can be used for the protective layer 115.
- the second ITO film is preferably a film having a higher resistivity than the first ITO film.
- a first Ga—Zn oxide film can be used for the common electrode 114, and a second Ga—Zn oxide film can be used for the protective layer 115.
- the second Ga—Zn oxide film is preferably a film having a higher resistivity than the first Ga—Zn oxide film.
- the inorganic film containing Ga, Zn, and O uses, for example, a Ga—Zn—O-based metal oxide target (a mixed sintered body of Ga 2 O 3 and ZnO), and is used in an oxygen atmosphere or argon and oxygen. It can be obtained by forming a film in a mixed atmosphere.
- the insulating film containing Al, Zn, and O uses, for example, an Al—Zn—O-based metal oxide target (a mixed sintered body of Al 2 O 3 and ZnO) under a similar atmosphere. Obtained by film formation.
- an inorganic film containing Ga or Al, Zn, O, and N can be obtained by forming a similar target in a mixed atmosphere of argon, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- the protective layer 115 may include an organic insulating film using an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimideamide resin, a polysiloxane resin, a benzocyclobutene resin, a phenol resin, or the like. .
- the protective layer 115 preferably has a specific resistance at 20 ° C. of 10 10 ⁇ cm or more.
- the protective layer 115 is formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method (such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method), a sputtering method (a DC sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, an ion beam sputtering method, or the like). Etc.), atomic layer deposition (ALD: Atomic Layer Deposition) method, or the like.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- sputtering method a DC sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, an ion beam sputtering method, or the like.
- Etc. atomic layer deposition
- ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
- the sputtering method and the ALD method can form a film at a low temperature.
- the EL layer 113 included in the light-emitting element has low heat resistance. Therefore, the protective layer 115 formed after the light-emitting element is formed is preferably formed at a relatively low temperature, typically 100 ° C. or lower, and a sputtering method and an ALD method are suitable.
- the protective layer 115 two or more insulating films formed by different film formation methods may be stacked.
- first form a first inorganic film using a sputtering method and then form a second inorganic film using an ALD method.
- a film formed by a sputtering method has fewer impurities and a higher density than a film formed by an ALD method.
- a film formed by the ALD method has higher step coverage than a film formed by the sputtering method, and is less affected by the shape of the deposition surface.
- the first inorganic film is low in impurities and high in density.
- the second inorganic film is formed so as to cover a portion where the first inorganic film is not sufficiently covered due to the step difference of the formation surface. Thereby, compared with the case where only one inorganic film is formed, a protective layer capable of further reducing the diffusion of water or the like can be formed.
- an aluminum oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, an ITO film, a Ga—Zn oxide film, an Al—Zn oxide film, or an In—Ga—Zn oxide film is formed by a sputtering method.
- the thickness of the inorganic film formed by a sputtering method is preferably 50 nm to 1000 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm.
- the thickness of the inorganic film formed using the ALD method is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the water vapor transmission rate of the protective layer 115 is less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day), preferably 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ day) or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 g / (M 2 ⁇ day) or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 g (m 2 ⁇ day) or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 g / (m 2 ⁇ day) or less.
- the lower the water vapor transmission rate the lower the diffusion of water from the outside to the light emitting element.
- an inorganic insulating film or an organic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 115 may be used for the insulating layer 104.
- the insulating layer 104 formed before the light-emitting element can be formed at a high temperature.
- a high temperature for example, 100 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less
- a dense film having a high barrier property can be formed.
- CVD sputtering and ALD, but also CVD is suitable. The CVD method is preferable because the film forming speed is high.
- the substrate 101 a material such as glass, quartz, organic resin, metal, alloy, or semiconductor can be used. Further, as described later in Embodiment 2, the substrate 101 may be provided with various semiconductor circuits.
- FIG. A pixel 130 illustrated in FIG. 2A includes sub-pixels arranged in one row and four columns.
- a pixel 130 illustrated in FIG. 2B includes sub-pixels arranged in two rows and two columns.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B a display device that expresses one color with four sub-pixels of R (red), G (green), B (blue), and W (white) is taken as an example. I will give you a description.
- color elements are not limited, and colors other than RGBW (eg, yellow, cyan, magenta, and the like) may be used.
- 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG.
- the light emitting element 110W included in the sub-pixel exhibiting white light includes the pixel electrode 111 on the substrate 101, the optical adjustment layer 112W on the pixel electrode 111, the EL layer 113 on the optical adjustment layer 112W, and the common on the EL layer 113.
- An electrode 114 is provided.
- the light-emitting element 110R included in the subpixel that exhibits red light includes the pixel electrode 111 over the substrate 101, the optical adjustment layer 112R over the pixel electrode 111, the EL layer 113 over the optical adjustment layer 112R, and the common over the EL layer 113.
- An electrode 114 is provided.
- the light-emitting element 110G included in the subpixel that exhibits green light includes a pixel electrode 111 over the substrate 101, an optical adjustment layer 112G over the pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113 over the optical adjustment layer 112G, and a common over the EL layer 113.
- An electrode 114 is provided.
- the light-emitting element 110B included in the subpixel exhibiting blue light includes a pixel electrode 111 over the substrate 101, an optical adjustment layer 112B over the pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113 over the optical adjustment layer 112B, and a common over the EL layer 113.
- An electrode 114 is provided.
- the pixel electrode 111 functions as an anode.
- the optical adjustment layer 112W, the optical adjustment layer 112R, the optical adjustment layer 112G, and the optical adjustment layer 112B have conductivity.
- the ends of the pixel electrode 111, the end of the optical adjustment layer 112W, the end of the optical adjustment layer 112R, the optical adjustment layer 112G, and the optical adjustment layer 112B are covered with the insulating layer 104, respectively.
- the insulating layer 104 has an opening in a portion overlapping with the pixel electrode 111.
- the EL layer 113 includes at least a light emitting layer.
- the common electrode 114 functions as a cathode. Each of the EL layer 113 and the common electrode 114 is provided over a plurality of light emitting elements.
- the light emitting element 110W, the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B are covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B each overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116 with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W, but overlaps the light emitting regions of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 can also be regarded as a component of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B. That is, it can be said that the light-emitting element 110R, the light-emitting element 110G, and the light-emitting element 110B each include the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116. In addition, it can be said that each of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B has a microcavity structure. Further, it can be said that the light emitting element 110W does not have a microcavity structure.
- a microcavity structure is applied to the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112R is adjusted so that the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 becomes an optical distance that enhances red light emission.
- the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112G is adjusted so that the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 becomes an optical distance that enhances green light emission.
- the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112B is adjusted so that the optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 becomes an optical distance that enhances blue light emission.
- the light extraction efficiency for light with a desired wavelength can be increased. Accordingly, red, green, and blue light with high color purity can be obtained from the sub-pixels that exhibit red, green, and blue light, respectively.
- the microcavity structure is not applied to the light emitting element 110W.
- Light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted to the outside by the semi-transmissive layer 116 without increasing the intensity of light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, the light emitting element 110W can efficiently extract white light to the outside. Accordingly, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- FIG. 2C illustrates an example in which the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W is equal to the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112B.
- part of the light 113EM from the EL layer 113 is reflected by the pixel electrode 111.
- part of the light from the EL layer 113 is reflected by the pixel electrode 111, the intensity of blue wavelength light is increased, and the light is transmitted through the common electrode 114 and emitted. Is done.
- the light emitted from the EL layer 113 is white light having a low color temperature
- the light emitted from the light emitting element 110W included in the subpixel exhibiting white light is brought close to white light having a desired color temperature. Can do.
- the display device illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2C includes a light-emitting element in which a microcavity structure is applied to a subpixel that exhibits red, green, and blue light, and emits white light.
- a light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied is included in the subpixel to be presented.
- 2D is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 2A, which is different from FIG.
- a light-emitting element included in a subpixel that emits light of each color includes a pixel electrode 118, an EL layer 113 over the pixel electrode 118, and a common electrode 114 over the EL layer 113.
- the pixel electrode 118 functions as an anode. An end portion of the pixel electrode 118 is covered with the insulating layer 104.
- the insulating layer 104 has an opening in a portion overlapping with the pixel electrode 118.
- the EL layer 113 includes at least a light emitting layer.
- the common electrode 114 functions as a cathode.
- Each light emitting element is covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B each overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116 with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W, but overlaps the light emitting regions of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- the reflective layer 117 on the substrate 101 and the optical adjustment layer 119a on the reflective layer 117 can be regarded as components of the light-emitting element 110W included in the subpixel that exhibits white light.
- the reflection layer 117 on the substrate 101, the optical adjustment layer 119a on the reflection layer 117, the optical adjustment layer 119b on the optical adjustment layer 119a, and the optical adjustment layer 119c on the optical adjustment layer 119b are changed to red light. It can be regarded as a constituent element of the light emitting element 110R included in the subpixel to be presented.
- the reflection layer 117 on the substrate 101, the optical adjustment layer 119a on the reflection layer 117, and the optical adjustment layer 119b on the optical adjustment layer 119a are included in the constituent elements of the light-emitting element 110G included in the subpixel that exhibits green light. Can be considered. Further, the reflective layer 117 on the substrate 101 and the optical adjustment layer 119a on the reflective layer 117 can be regarded as components of the light-emitting element 110B included in the sub-pixel that exhibits blue light.
- the reflective property of the reflective layer 117 with respect to visible light is higher than the reflective property of the pixel electrode 111 with respect to visible light.
- the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 114 can also be said to be transparent electrodes.
- the reflectivity of the semi-transmissive layer 116 with respect to visible light is preferably higher than the reflectivity of the common electrode 114 with respect to visible light and lower than the reflectivity of the reflective layer 117 with respect to visible light.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective layer 117 is 40% to 100%, preferably 70% to 100%.
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive layer 116 is 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%.
- the visible light transmittance of the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 114 is 40% or more.
- a microcavity structure is applied to the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- the optical adjustment layers 119a, 119b, and the optical adjustment layers 119a, 119b, and the optical distances between the reflective layer 117 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 are optical distances that enhance red light emission, green light emission, and blue light emission, respectively.
- the film thickness of 119c is adjusted.
- FIG. 2C illustrates an example in which the pixel electrode 111 is a reflective electrode and an optical adjustment layer is provided between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113.
- the pixel electrode 118 is a transparent electrode, and a reflective layer 117 may be provided on the side opposite to the EL layer 113 as viewed from the pixel electrode 118.
- an optical adjustment layer can be provided between the reflective layer 117 and the pixel electrode 118.
- the structure shown in FIG. 2D is preferable because an insulating layer can be used for the optical adjustment layer, which increases the width of the material.
- the microcavity structure is not applied to the light emitting element 110W.
- Light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted to the outside by the semi-transmissive layer 116 without increasing the intensity of light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, the light emitting element 110W can efficiently extract white light to the outside. Accordingly, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- the display device illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2D includes a light-emitting element in which a microcavity structure is applied to subpixels that exhibit red, green, and blue light, and emits white light.
- a light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied is included in the subpixel to be presented.
- FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 2A, which is different from FIGS. 2C and 2D.
- the protective layer 115 has an opening, and the conductive layer 120 that transmits visible light is electrically connected to the common electrode 114 through the opening.
- a protective layer 125 is provided over the conductive layer 120 that transmits visible light.
- the protective layer 125 has an opening that overlaps the light emitting region of the light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is applied.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 120 that transmits visible light through the opening.
- the protective layer 115 and the protective layer 125 can be provided so as to overlap with a light-emitting region of the light-emitting element in order to transmit visible light. Therefore, the design margin can be made wider than that of the semi-transmissive layer 116.
- the protective layer 115 having an opening is preferably formed using a mask.
- the protective layer 115 and the protective layer 125 preferably have overlapping portions.
- an auxiliary wiring electrically connected to the semi-transmissive layer 116 and the common electrode 114 may be provided over the protective layer 125.
- a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the common electrode 114, so that a voltage drop due to the resistance of the common electrode 114 is likely to occur.
- voltage drop due to the resistance of the common electrode 114 can be suppressed by electrically connecting the semi-transmissive layer 116 and the common electrode 114. Thereby, the brightness nonuniformity of a display apparatus can be suppressed and the display quality of a display apparatus can be improved.
- [Semi-transmissive layer layout] 3A to 3E show examples of the top surface layout of the semi-transmissive layer 116.
- 3A to 3C illustrate an example in which the semi-transmissive layer 116 has an opening at a position overlapping the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 can be provided over a wide range of the display portion of the display device. For example, it is particularly suitable when a constant potential is supplied to the semi-transmissive layer 116 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 is configured to be a shield for blocking noise.
- FIG. 3A and 3B illustrate an example in which one opening of the semi-transmissive layer 116 overlaps with a light-emitting region of one light-emitting element 110W.
- FIG. 3C illustrates an example in which one opening of the semi-transmissive layer 116 overlaps with light-emitting regions of a plurality of light-emitting elements 110W arranged in a row.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 may be formed in a plurality of island shapes.
- FIG. 3D illustrates an example in which one island-shaped semi-transmissive layer 116 overlaps with the light-emitting regions of three color sub-pixels (R, G, and B) included in one pixel 130.
- FIG. 3E illustrates an example in which one island-shaped semi-transmissive layer 116 overlaps with the light-emitting regions of three color sub-pixels (R, G, and B) included in a plurality of pixels 130 arranged in one column.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C An example in which components are added to the display device illustrated in FIG. 2C is illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4C. Note that description of the components described in FIG.
- a display device illustrated in FIG. 4A includes a protective layer 121 over the protective layer 115 and the semi-transmissive layer 116, a red colored layer CFR over the protective layer 121, and a green colored layer CFG over the protective layer 121. And a blue colored layer CFB on the protective layer 121.
- Providing the protective layer 121 is preferable because impurities can be further prevented from entering the light-emitting element.
- a material of the protective layer 121 a material that can be used for the protective layer 115 can be used.
- the protective layer 121 is in contact with the protective layer 115 in a region overlapping with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W.
- the protective layer 121 is in contact with the semi-transmissive layer 116 in each of a region overlapping with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110R, a region overlapping with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110G, and a region overlapping with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110B.
- the alignment of the light emitting element and the colored layer is easier than when the colored layer is formed on the substrate 371 side. This facilitates high definition of the display device, which is preferable.
- a colored layer of each color may be provided in contact with the semi-transmissive layer 116 without providing the protective layer 121.
- FIG. 4C illustrates an example in which the planarization layer 122 and the functional layer 123 are provided over the light-emitting element with the protective layer 115 and the protective layer 121 interposed therebetween. Note that the functional layer 123 may be provided directly on the protective layer 121 without providing the planarization layer 122.
- the display device in this embodiment includes the protective layer 115 (and the protective layer 121) with high barrier properties in contact with the light-emitting element, various components can be directly formed over the light-emitting element.
- the colored layer and the light shielding layer BM can be provided over the light emitting element.
- the functional layer 123 for example, one or more of an insulating layer, a conductive layer, a planarizing layer, an adhesive layer, a circularly polarizing plate, a touch sensor, a shock absorbing layer, and a surface protective layer can be used.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 may have a function as an electrode of the touch sensor.
- the colored layer is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range.
- a color filter that transmits light in a red, green, blue, or yellow wavelength range can be used.
- materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, resin materials containing pigments or dyes, and the like.
- the light shielding layer BM is provided between the adjacent colored layers.
- the light shielding layer BM blocks light emission from adjacent light emitting elements and suppresses color mixing between adjacent light emitting elements.
- light leakage can be suppressed by providing the end portion of the colored layer so as to overlap the light shielding layer BM.
- a material that blocks light emitted from the light emitting element can be used as the light shielding layer BM.
- a black matrix can be formed using a metal material or a resin material containing a pigment or a dye.
- the light shielding layer BM be provided in a region other than the display unit such as a drive circuit because unintended light leakage due to guided light or the like can be suppressed.
- FIG. 5A shows a top view of the display device 10A.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along alternate long and short dash line B1-B2 in FIG.
- a display device 10 ⁇ / b> A illustrated in FIG. 5A includes a display portion 71 and a driver circuit 78.
- An FPC 74 is connected to the display device 10A.
- the display device 10A is a top emission structure display device to which a color filter method is applied.
- the display device 10A includes a substrate 361, an insulating layer 367, transistors 301 and 303, a wiring 307, an insulating layer 314, a light emitting element 110W, a light emitting element 110R, a light emitting element 110G, a light emitting element 110B,
- the insulating layer 104, the protective layer 115, the semi-transmissive layer 116, the protective layer 121, the colored layer CFR, the colored layer CFG, the colored layer CFB, the adhesive layer 318, the substrate 371, and the like are included.
- Each light emitting element includes a pixel electrode 111, an EL layer 113, and a common electrode 114.
- the pixel electrode 111 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor 303. These are connected directly or via another conductive layer.
- the EL layer 113 and the common electrode 114 are provided over a plurality of light emitting elements.
- Each light emitting element further includes an optical adjustment layer between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113.
- the light emitting element 110W included in the subpixel that exhibits white light includes the optical adjustment layer 112W
- the light emitting element 110R included in the subpixel that displays red light includes the optical adjustment layer 112R.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an example in which the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112W is equal to the thickness of the optical adjustment layer 112R.
- part of the light 113EM from the EL layer 113 is reflected by the pixel electrode 111.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an example in which each optical adjustment layer covers the side surface of the pixel electrode 111.
- the light emitting element 110W, the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B are covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B each overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116 with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W, but overlaps the light emitting regions of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- a display device 10A illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B includes a light emitting element in which a microcavity structure is applied to a subpixel that exhibits red, green, and blue light, and white light.
- the light emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied is included in the subpixel exhibiting the above. With such a structure, the light extraction efficiency of both light with high color purity and white light can be improved, and a display device with high display quality and low power consumption can be realized.
- the insulating layer 104 covers the end of the pixel electrode 111 and the end of the optical adjustment layer. Two adjacent pixel electrodes 111 are electrically insulated by an insulating layer 104.
- the protective layer 115 is provided over the light-emitting element, covers the end portion of the common electrode 114, and is in contact with the insulating layer 104 and the insulating layer 313 outside the end portion of the common electrode 114.
- impurities can be prevented from entering the transistor and the light emitting element.
- an inorganic film (or an inorganic insulating film) with high barrier properties is preferably used for the protective layer 115 and the insulating layer 313.
- an inorganic insulating film with high barrier properties is preferably used for the insulating layer 104.
- inorganic films or inorganic insulating films
- the substrate 361 and the substrate 371 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 318.
- the space sealed with the substrate 361, the substrate 371, and the adhesive layer 318 is preferably filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or a resin.
- the substrate 361 and the substrate 37 materials such as glass, quartz, resin, metal, alloy, and semiconductor can be used.
- the substrate 371 on the side from which light from the light-emitting element is extracted is formed using a material that transmits the light.
- a flexible substrate is preferably used as the substrate 361 and the substrate 371.
- various curable adhesives such as an ultraviolet curable photocurable adhesive, a reactive curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, and an anaerobic adhesive can be used. Further, an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- the driver circuit 78 includes a transistor 301.
- the display unit 71 includes a transistor 303.
- Each transistor includes a gate, a gate insulating layer 311, a semiconductor layer, a back gate, a source, and a drain.
- the gate (lower gate) and the semiconductor layer overlap with each other with the gate insulating layer 311 interposed therebetween.
- the back gate (upper gate) and the semiconductor layer overlap with each other with the insulating layer 312 and the insulating layer 313 interposed therebetween.
- the two gates are preferably electrically connected.
- the driver circuit 78 and the display portion 71 may have different transistor structures.
- Each of the driving circuit 78 and the display unit 71 may include a plurality of types of transistors.
- the aperture ratio of the display portion 71 can be increased.
- At least one layer of the insulating layer 312, the insulating layer 313, and the insulating layer 314 be formed using a material that does not easily diffuse impurities such as water or hydrogen. It becomes possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor, and the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- the insulating layer 314 functions as a planarization layer.
- the insulating layer 367 functions as a base film.
- the insulating layer 367 is preferably formed using a material that does not easily diffuse impurities such as water or hydrogen.
- the connection unit 306 includes a wiring 307.
- the wiring 307 can be formed using the same material and the same process as the source and drain of the transistor.
- the wiring 307 is electrically connected to an external input terminal that transmits an external signal or potential to the drive circuit 78.
- an FPC 74 is provided as an external input terminal is shown.
- the FPC 74 and the wiring 307 are electrically connected through the connection body 319.
- connection body 319 various anisotropic conductive films (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), anisotropic conductive pastes (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), and the like can be used.
- ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
- ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
- FIG. 6A shows a top view of the display device 10B.
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along alternate long and short dash line C1-C2 in FIG.
- a display device 10B illustrated in FIG. 6A includes a display portion 71, a connection portion 75, and a driver circuit 78.
- An FPC 74 is connected to the display device 10B.
- the display unit 71 of the display device 10B has the same configuration as the display unit 71 of the display device 10A. Below, the structure of the connection part 75 is demonstrated in detail.
- a connecting portion 75 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B is provided outside the display portion 71. It is preferable that the connection part 75 is provided so that the four sides of the display part 71 may be enclosed.
- the connection portion 75 the common electrode 114 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 357a and the conductive layer 356a, and the semi-transmissive layer 116 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 358, the conductive layer 357b, and the conductive layer 356b. And a portion.
- the insulating layer 104 has an opening outside the end portion of the EL layer 113, and the common electrode 114 is connected to the conductive layer 357a in the opening.
- the protective layer 115 has an opening outside the end portion of the common electrode 114, and the semi-transmissive layer 116 is connected to the conductive layer 358 in the opening. That is, in the connection portion 75, the semi-transmissive layer 116 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 358, the conductive layer 357b, and the conductive layer 356b outside the portion where the common electrode 114 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 357a and the conductive layer 356a. Connected parts are provided.
- the conductive layers 356a and 356b can be formed using the same material and step as the source and drain of the transistor.
- the conductive layers 357a and 357b can be formed using the same material and the same process as the pixel electrode 111.
- the conductive layer 358 can be formed using the same material and the same process as the common electrode 114.
- the conductive layer formed by the same material and in the same process as the conductive layer included in the transistor or the light-emitting element is electrically connected to the common electrode 114, whereby a voltage drop due to the resistance of the common electrode 114 is obtained. And the display unevenness of the display device can be reduced.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 can be configured to be a shield for blocking noise. Accordingly, the transistor can operate stably. In the case where the touch sensor is provided over the transistor through the semi-transmissive layer 116, both the transistor and the touch sensor can operate stably.
- the common electrode 114 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 may be given the same potential or different potentials.
- the common electrode 114 and the semi-transmissive layer 116 may be electrically connected.
- a power supply circuit can be shared, which is preferable.
- connection portion 75 illustrated in FIG. 7 is different from the connection portion 75 illustrated in FIG. 6B in that the conductive layer 356 is not provided and the conductive layer 356 is included.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 15A.
- a top view of the display device 15A is the same as the display device 10A shown in FIG. FIG. 8 corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line B1-B2 in FIG.
- description may be abbreviate
- a display device 15A illustrated in FIG. 8 includes a substrate 361, an adhesive layer 363, an insulating layer 365, transistors 301 and 303, a wiring 307, an insulating layer 314, a light emitting element 110W, a light emitting element 110R, a light emitting element 110G, a light emitting element 110B, and an insulating layer.
- 104 a protective layer 115, a semi-transmissive layer 116, a protective layer 121, a colored layer CFR, a colored layer CFG, a colored layer CFB, an adhesive layer 317, a substrate 371, and the like.
- Each light emitting element includes a pixel electrode 111, an optical adjustment layer, an EL layer 113, and a common electrode 114.
- the optical adjustment layer shown in FIG. 8 is different from FIG. 5B in that it does not cover the side surface of the end portion of the pixel electrode 111.
- Each light emitting element is covered with a protective layer 115.
- the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B each overlap with the semi-transmissive layer 116 with the protective layer 115 interposed therebetween.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 does not overlap the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110W, but overlaps the light emitting regions of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- a display device 15A illustrated in FIG. 8 includes a light emitting element in which a microcavity structure is applied to subpixels that exhibit red, green, and blue light, and a microcavity structure that is included in a subpixel that exhibits white light.
- a light-emitting element to which is not applied With such a structure, the light extraction efficiency of both light with high color purity and white light can be improved, and a display device with high display quality and low power consumption can be realized.
- the substrate 361 and the substrate 371 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 317.
- the substrate 361 and the insulating layer 365 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 363.
- the display device 15A has a structure in which a transistor, a light-emitting element, or the like formed over a manufacturing substrate is transferred over the substrate 361.
- Each of the substrate 361 and the substrate 371 preferably has flexibility. Thereby, the flexibility of the display device 15A can be increased.
- the display device 15A is different from the display device 10A in the structure of the transistors 301 and 303.
- the semiconductor layer has a channel formation region and a pair of low resistance regions.
- the back gate (lower gate) and the channel formation region overlap with each other with the gate insulating layer 311 interposed therebetween.
- the gate (upper gate) and the channel formation region overlap with each other through the gate insulating layer.
- the source and the drain are each electrically connected to the low resistance region through an opening provided in the insulating layer 315.
- a display device on which a touch sensor is mounted (hereinafter also referred to as a touch panel) can be manufactured.
- a configuration example of the touch panel will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a detection element also referred to as a sensor element
- various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistance film method, a surface acoustic wave method, an infrared method, an optical method, and a pressure-sensitive method can be used as a sensor method.
- a touch panel having a capacitive detection element will be described as an example.
- Examples of the electrostatic capacity method include a surface electrostatic capacity method and a projection electrostatic capacity method.
- examples of the projected capacitance method include a self-capacitance method and a mutual capacitance method. Use of the mutual capacitance method is preferable because simultaneous multipoint detection is possible.
- the touch panel of one embodiment of the present invention includes a structure in which a separately manufactured display device and a detection element are attached, a structure in which an electrode that forms the detection element is provided on one or both of a substrate that supports the light-emitting element and a counter substrate, and the like Various configurations can be applied.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic perspective view of the touch panel 300.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 9A developed. For the sake of clarity, only representative components are shown. In FIG. 9B, only some outlines of some components (the substrate 330, the substrate 371, etc.) are clearly shown by broken lines.
- the touch panel 300 includes an input device 310 and a display device 370, which are provided in an overlapping manner.
- the input device 310 includes a substrate 330, an electrode 331, an electrode 332, a plurality of wirings 341, and a plurality of wirings 342.
- the FPC 350 is electrically connected to each of the plurality of wirings 341 and the plurality of wirings 342.
- the FPC 350 is provided with an IC 351.
- the display device 370 includes a substrate 361 and a substrate 371 provided to face each other.
- the display device 370 includes a display unit 71 and a drive circuit 78.
- a wiring 307 and the like are provided over the substrate 361.
- the FPC 74 is electrically connected to the wiring 307.
- the FPC 74 is provided with an IC 374.
- the wiring 307 has a function of supplying a signal and power to the display portion 71 and the drive circuit 78.
- the signal and power are input to the wiring 307 from the outside or the IC 374 via the FPC 74.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the touch panel 300.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display portion 71, a region including the FPC 74, a region including the FPC 350, and the like.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional structure of an intersection 387 included in the display unit 71 where the electrode 331 and the electrode 332 of the touch sensor intersect.
- the substrate 361 and the substrate 371 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 318.
- the substrate 371 and the substrate 330 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 396.
- each layer from the substrate 361 to the substrate 371 corresponds to the display device 370.
- Each layer from the substrate 330 to the electrode 334 corresponds to the input device 310. That is, it can be said that the adhesive layer 396 bonds the display device 370 and the input device 310 together.
- each layer from the substrate 330 to the substrate 371 corresponds to the input device 310, and the adhesive layer 318 can be said to bond the display device 370 and the input device 310 together.
- the configuration of the display device 370 illustrated in FIG. 10 is the same as that of the display device 10A illustrated in FIG.
- An electrode 331 and an electrode 332 are provided on the substrate 371 side of the substrate 330.
- the electrode 331 includes an electrode 333 and an electrode 334 is shown.
- the insulating layer 395 is provided so as to cover the electrode 332 and the electrode 333.
- the electrode 334 is electrically connected to two electrodes 333 provided so as to sandwich the electrode 332 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 395.
- a connection portion 308 is provided in a region near the end portion of the substrate 330.
- the connection portion 308 includes a wiring 342 and a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive layer as the electrode 334.
- the connection unit 308 is electrically connected to the FPC 350 via a connection body 309.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 is provided between the transistor 303 included in the display device 370 and the electrode 331 and the electrode 332 included in the input device 310.
- a constant potential is preferably supplied to the semi-transmissive layer 116.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 becomes a shield for blocking noise, and the operation of the transistor and the touch sensor can be stabilized.
- a touch panel may be formed by directly forming a touch sensor over a light-emitting element.
- a substrate 361 and an insulating layer 365 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 363, and the transistor 303 is provided over the insulating layer 365.
- An insulating layer 314 is provided over the transistor 303, and the pixel electrode 111 is provided over the insulating layer 314.
- the source or drain of the transistor 303 and the pixel electrode 111 are electrically connected to each other through the opening of the insulating layer 314.
- An optical adjustment layer is provided over the pixel electrode 111, and an insulating layer 104 is provided so as to cover the pixel electrode 111 and the end portion of the optical adjustment layer.
- An EL layer 113 is provided over the optical adjustment layer and the insulating layer 104, a common electrode 114 is provided over the EL layer 113, and a protective layer 115 is provided over the common electrode 114.
- a semi-transmissive layer 116 is provided on the protective layer 115.
- a protective layer 121 is provided on the protective layer 115 and the semi-transmissive layer 116, and a light shielding layer BM and a colored layer CFR are provided on the protective layer 121.
- a planarizing layer 122 is provided on the protective layer 121, the light shielding layer BM, and the colored layer CFR, and the detection element TC is provided on the planarizing layer 122.
- the sensing element TC includes an electrode 331 on the planarization layer 122, an insulating layer 392 on the electrode 331, and an electrode 332 on the insulating layer 392.
- An insulating layer 391 is provided on the detection element TC, and the insulating layer 391 and the substrate 371 are bonded to each other with an adhesive layer 317.
- a circularly polarizing plate 390 is provided on the substrate 371. Note that the insulating layer 391 and the circularly polarizing plate 390 may be directly bonded to each other with the adhesive layer 317 without providing the substrate 371.
- FIG. 11A illustrates an example in which a colored layer, a light-blocking layer BM, and a detection element TC are provided over a light-emitting element.
- a material that transmits visible light is used for a conductive layer (such as the electrodes 331 and 332) that overlaps with the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element.
- the electrodes 331 and 332 when the electrodes 331 and 332 are provided at positions that do not overlap with the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element, visible light is not generated on the electrodes 331 and 332.
- a material that shields can be used. Therefore, a material with low resistivity such as metal can be used for the electrodes 331 and 332.
- a metal mesh as the wiring and electrodes of the touch sensor. Thereby, the resistance of the wiring and electrodes of the touch sensor can be lowered.
- it is suitable as a touch sensor for a large display device.
- metal is a material having a high reflectance, but it can be darkened by performing an oxidation treatment or the like. Therefore, even when viewed from the display surface side, it is possible to suppress a decrease in visibility due to reflection of external light.
- the wiring and the electrode may be formed using a stack of a metal layer and a layer with low reflectance (also referred to as a “dark color layer”).
- the dark color layer include a layer containing copper oxide and a layer containing copper chloride or tellurium chloride.
- the dark color layer is formed using fine metal particles such as Ag particles, Ag fibers, and Cu particles, nanocarbon particles such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and conductive polymers such as PEDOT, polyaniline, and polypyrrole. May be.
- the circularly polarizing plate 390 it is possible to suppress the electrodes 331 and 332 from being visually recognized by the user.
- the light shielding layer BM may be provided on the display surface side of the electrodes 331 and 332 to suppress the electrodes 331 and 332 from being visually recognized by the user.
- FIG. 11B illustrates an example in which the light-blocking layer BM is provided over the insulating layer 391 instead of over the protective layer 121.
- the semi-transmissive layer 116 may be used as an electrode of the touch sensor.
- FIG. 12A illustrates an example in which the semi-transmissive layer 116 and the electrode 331 on the planarization layer 122 are used as the pair of electrodes of the detection element TC.
- FIG. 12B illustrates an example in which a semi-transmissive layer 116a and a semi-transmissive layer 116b are used as a pair of electrodes of the detection element TC.
- the stacked structure from the substrate 361 to the planarization layer 122 and the stacked structure from the insulating layer 391 to the substrate 371 in the cross-sectional structure illustrated in FIG. 12A are similar to the cross-sectional structure illustrated in FIG. It is.
- An insulating material is used for the light shielding layer BM.
- An electrode 331 is provided over the planarization layer 122, and an insulating layer 391 is provided over the electrode 331.
- the stacked structure from the substrate 361 to the protective layer 115 and the stacked structure from the insulating layer 391 to the substrate 371 are similar to the cross-sectional structure illustrated in FIG. is there.
- On the protective layer 115 semi-transmissive layers 116a and 116b are provided.
- a protective layer 121 is provided on the semi-transmissive layers 116a and 116b.
- a colored layer CFR is provided on the protective layer 121, and a planarization layer 122 is provided on the colored layer CFR.
- the protective layer 121 and the planarization layer 122 are provided with an opening reaching the semi-transmissive layer 116a, and an electrode 331 is provided so as to cover the opening.
- the two semi-transmissive layers 116a are electrically connected through the electrode 331.
- An insulating layer 391 is provided over the electrode 331.
- the semi-transmissive layer also serves as the electrode of the detection element TC, whereby the manufacturing process of the detection element TC can be simplified.
- the touch panel can be thinned.
- the semi-transmissive layer When the semi-transmissive layer is used as an electrode of the touch sensor, a structure in which a pulse potential is supplied to the semi-transmissive layer, a structure in which the semi-transmissive layer is electrically connected to a detection circuit (sense amplifier), or the like can be applied.
- a detection circuit sense amplifier
- the semi-transmissive layer is used as an electrode of a capacitive touch sensor
- the sensor method is not limited to this.
- the semi-transmissive layer may be used as an electrode of a resistive film type touch sensor.
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device There is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device. For example, a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, or an inverted staggered transistor may be used. Further, any transistor structure of a top gate structure or a bottom gate structure may be employed. Alternatively, gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.
- FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B illustrate structural examples of transistors. Each transistor is provided between the insulating layer 141 and the insulating layer 208.
- the insulating layer 141 preferably has a function as a base film.
- the insulating layer 208 preferably has a function as a planarization film.
- a transistor 220 illustrated in FIG. 13A is a bottom-gate transistor in which the semiconductor layer 204 includes a metal oxide.
- the metal oxide can function as an oxide semiconductor.
- An oxide semiconductor is preferably used for the semiconductor of the transistor. It is preferable to use a semiconductor material with a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon because current in an off state of the transistor can be reduced.
- the transistor 220 includes a conductive layer 201, an insulating layer 202, a conductive layer 203a, a conductive layer 203b, and a semiconductor layer 204.
- the conductive layer 201 functions as a gate.
- the insulating layer 202 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the semiconductor layer 204 overlaps with the conductive layer 201 with the insulating layer 202 interposed therebetween.
- the conductive layer 203a and the conductive layer 203b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 204, respectively.
- the transistor 220 is preferably covered with an insulating layer 211 and an insulating layer 212.
- Various inorganic insulating films can be used for the insulating layer 211 and the insulating layer 212. In particular, an oxide insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 211, and a nitride insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 212.
- a transistor 230 illustrated in FIG. 13B is a top-gate transistor including polysilicon in a semiconductor layer.
- the transistor 230 includes a conductive layer 201, an insulating layer 202, a conductive layer 203a, a conductive layer 203b, a semiconductor layer, and an insulating layer 213.
- the conductive layer 201 functions as a gate.
- the insulating layer 202 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the semiconductor layer includes a channel formation region 214a and a pair of low resistance regions 214b.
- the semiconductor layer may further have an LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) region.
- FIG. 13B illustrates an example in which the LDD region 214c is provided between the channel formation region 214a and the low resistance region 214b.
- the channel formation region 214 a overlaps with the conductive layer 201 with the insulating layer 202 interposed therebetween.
- the conductive layer 203a is electrically connected to one of the pair of low resistance regions 214b through an opening provided in the insulating layer 202 and the insulating layer 213.
- the conductive layer 203b is electrically connected to the other of the pair of low resistance regions 214b.
- Various inorganic insulating films can be used for the insulating layer 213.
- a nitride insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 213.
- Metal oxide A metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor is preferably used for the semiconductor layer. Below, the metal oxide applicable to a semiconductor layer is demonstrated.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc.
- indium and zinc are preferably included.
- aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like is preferably contained.
- One or more kinds selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and the like may be included.
- the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, an element M, and zinc
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like.
- elements applicable to the element M include boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and the like.
- the element M may be a combination of a plurality of the aforementioned elements.
- metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen such as zinc oxynitride (ZnON) may be used for the semiconductor layer.
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystal
- CAC Cloud-aligned Composite
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of a material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow.
- a function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
- the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
- the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite material (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
- An oxide semiconductor (metal oxide) is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single crystal oxide semiconductor.
- the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor for example, a CAAC-OS (c-axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like oxide semiconductor) OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor) and amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and a crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction and have a strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region where the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region where another lattice arrangement is aligned in a region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons.
- a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon in terms of distortion.
- a clear crystal grain boundary also referred to as a grain boundary
- the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. Because.
- the CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as an In layer) and a layer including elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layers) are stacked.
- In layer a layer containing indium and oxygen
- M, Zn elements M, zinc, and oxygen
- indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can also be expressed as an (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a metal oxide with high crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS impurities and defects oxygen deficiency (V O:. Oxygen vacancy also referred) etc.) with less metal It can be said that it is an oxide. Therefore, the physical properties of the metal oxide including a CAAC-OS are stable. Therefore, a metal oxide including a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- the nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, orientation is not seen in the whole film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on an analysis method.
- indium-gallium-zinc oxide which is a kind of metal oxide including indium, gallium, and zinc
- IGZO indium-gallium-zinc oxide
- a crystal smaller than a large crystal here, a crystal of several millimeters or a crystal of several centimeters
- it may be structurally stable.
- the a-like OS is a metal oxide having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures and have different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- the metal oxide film functioning as a semiconductor layer can be formed using one or both of an inert gas and an oxygen gas.
- an inert gas an oxygen gas
- oxygen gas an oxygen gas
- the flow rate ratio of oxygen (oxygen partial pressure) during the formation of the metal oxide film is preferably 0% or more and 30% or less, and 5% or more and 30% or less. Is more preferably 7% or more and 15% or less.
- the metal oxide preferably has an energy gap of 2 eV or more, more preferably 2.5 eV or more, and further preferably 3 eV or more. In this manner, off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using a metal oxide having a wide energy gap.
- the metal oxide film can be formed by a sputtering method.
- a PLD method a PECVD method, a thermal CVD method, an ALD method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like may be used.
- materials that can be used for various conductive layers included in the display device include metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten, or a main component thereof. And the like. A film containing any of these materials can be used as a single layer or a stacked structure.
- Two-layer structure to stack, two-layer structure to stack copper film on titanium film, two-layer structure to stack copper film on tungsten film, titanium film or titanium nitride film, and aluminum film or copper film on top of it A three-layer structure for forming a titanium film or a titanium nitride film thereon, a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, and an aluminum film or a copper film stacked thereon, and a molybdenum film or a There is a three-layer structure for forming a molybdenum nitride film.
- an oxide such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used. Further, it is
- materials that can be used for various insulating layers included in the display device include resins such as acrylic, epoxy, and silicone, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide. Can be mentioned.
- the display device in this embodiment includes both a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is applied and a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied.
- the light extraction efficiency of both light with high color purity and white light can be increased. Therefore, a display device with high display quality and low power consumption can be realized.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 200A.
- the display device 200A includes a light-emitting element 110W, a light-emitting element 110R, a light-emitting element 110G, a capacitor 440, a transistor 410, and the like.
- the structures of the light-emitting element 110W, the light-emitting element 110R, and the light-emitting element 110G are the same as those in FIG. Note that in this embodiment, an example in which an inorganic insulating film is used for the insulating layer 104 is described.
- a colored layer CFR that overlaps with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110R and a colored layer CFG that overlaps with the light emitting region of the light emitting element 110G are provided.
- the display device in this embodiment includes both a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is applied and a light-emitting element to which the microcavity structure is not applied. Thereby, the light extraction efficiency of both light with high color purity and white light can be increased. Therefore, a display device with high display quality and low power consumption can be realized.
- the substrate 101 is a semiconductor that functions as a circuit for driving a light-emitting element (also referred to as a pixel circuit) or a driver circuit for driving a pixel circuit (one or both of a gate driver and a source driver).
- a circuit for driving a light-emitting element also referred to as a pixel circuit
- a driver circuit for driving a pixel circuit one or both of a gate driver and a source driver.
- the transistor 410 is a transistor having a channel formation region in the substrate 401.
- the substrate 401 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- the transistor 410 includes a part of the substrate 401, a conductive layer 411, a pair of low-resistance regions 412, an insulating layer 413, an insulating layer 414, and the like.
- the conductive layer 411 functions as a gate electrode.
- the insulating layer 413 is located between the substrate 401 and the conductive layer 411 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the pair of low resistance regions 412 is a region where the substrate 401 is doped with impurities, and functions as a source or a drain, respectively.
- the insulating layer 414 is provided so as to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 411.
- Each transistor 410 is electrically isolated by an element isolation region 419.
- An insulating layer 461 is provided so as to cover the transistor 410, and the capacitor 440 is provided over the insulating layer 461.
- the capacitor 440 includes a conductive layer 441, a conductive layer 442, and an insulating layer 443 positioned therebetween.
- the conductive layer 441 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 440
- the conductive layer 442 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 440
- the insulating layer 443 functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 440.
- the conductive layer 441 is provided over the insulating layer 461 and is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 410 through a plug 471 embedded in the insulating layer 461.
- the insulating layer 443 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 441.
- the conductive layer 442 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 441 with the insulating layer 443 provided therebetween.
- An insulating layer 492 is provided to cover the capacitor 440, and the light-emitting element 110W, the light-emitting element 110R, the light-emitting element 110G, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 492.
- the display device 200A has a substrate 371 on the viewing side.
- the substrate 371 and the substrate 401 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 317.
- a substrate having visible light transmittance such as a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, or a plastic substrate, can be used.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 200B.
- the display device 200B is different from the display device 200A illustrated in FIG. 14 in that the display device 200B does not include the transistor 410 but includes the transistor 420 and the plug 471 includes conductive layers 471a and 471b.
- the transistor 420 is a transistor including a metal oxide in a channel formation region.
- the metal oxide can function as an oxide semiconductor.
- the transistor 420 includes a semiconductor layer 421, a metal oxide layer 422, an insulating layer 423, a conductive layer 424, a conductive layer 425, an insulating layer 426, a conductive layer 427, and the like.
- an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate can be used as the substrate 401a over which the transistor 420 is provided.
- An insulating layer 432 is provided over the substrate 401a.
- the insulating layer 432 functions as a barrier layer which prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 401a to the transistor 420 and from desorbing oxygen from the semiconductor layer 421 to the insulating layer 432 side.
- a film in which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
- a conductive layer 427 is provided over the insulating layer 432, and an insulating layer 426 is provided to cover the conductive layer 427.
- the conductive layer 427 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 420, and part of the insulating layer 426 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
- An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 426 in contact with the semiconductor layer 421.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 426 is preferably planarized.
- the semiconductor layer 421 is provided over the insulating layer 426.
- the semiconductor layer 421 preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor characteristics.
- the pair of conductive layers 425 are provided in contact with the semiconductor layer 421 and function as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- the metal oxide layer 422 is provided so as to cover the top surface of the semiconductor layer 421 between the pair of conductive layers 425.
- the metal oxide layer 422 preferably contains a metal oxide that can be used for the semiconductor layer 421.
- An insulating layer 423 that functions as a second gate insulating layer and a conductive layer 424 that functions as a second gate electrode are stacked over the metal oxide layer 422.
- An insulating layer 428 is provided to cover the transistor 420, and an insulating layer 461 is provided over the insulating layer 428.
- the insulating layer 428 functions as a barrier layer which prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing from the insulating layer 461 and the like to the transistor 420 and from releasing oxygen from the semiconductor layer 421 to the insulating layer 428 side.
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layer 432 can be used as the insulating layer 432.
- a plug 471 that is electrically connected to the conductive layer 425 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layer 461.
- the plug 471 preferably includes a conductive layer 471a covering a side surface of the opening of the insulating layer 461 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 425, and a conductive layer 471b in contact with the top surface of the conductive layer 471a.
- a conductive material that hardly diffuses hydrogen and oxygen is preferably used for the conductive layer 471a.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the display device 200C.
- the display device 200C includes a stack of a transistor 410 having a channel formation region in a substrate 401 and a transistor 420 having a metal oxide in the channel formation region.
- An insulating layer 461 is provided so as to cover the transistor 410, and a conductive layer 451 is provided over the insulating layer 461.
- An insulating layer 462 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 451, and the conductive layer 452 is provided over the insulating layer 462.
- the conductive layer 451 and the conductive layer 452 each function as a wiring.
- An insulating layer 463 and an insulating layer 432 are provided so as to cover the conductive layer 452, and the transistor 420 is provided over the insulating layer 432.
- An insulating layer 465 is provided so as to cover the transistor 420, and the capacitor 440 is provided over the insulating layer 465.
- the capacitor 440 and the transistor 420 are electrically connected by a plug 474.
- the transistor 420 can be used as a transistor included in the pixel circuit.
- the transistor 410 can be used as a transistor included in the pixel circuit or a driver circuit (one or both of a gate driver and a source driver) for driving the pixel circuit.
- the transistors 410 and 420 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
- a display device having a narrow frame (a narrow non-display area) can be realized.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 200D.
- the display device 200D includes a transistor 401 having a channel formation region over a substrate 401, a transistor 430 having a metal oxide in the channel formation region, and a transistor 420 having a metal oxide in the channel formation region. That is, the display device 200D is different from the display device 200C in that two transistors each having a metal oxide are stacked in a channel formation region.
- the transistor 430 has a structure similar to that of the transistor 420 except that the transistor 430 does not have the first gate electrode. Note that the transistor 430 may include a first gate electrode.
- An insulating layer 463 and an insulating layer 431 are provided so as to cover the conductive layer 452, and the transistor 430 is provided over the insulating layer 431.
- the transistor 430 and the conductive layer 452 are electrically connected through a plug 473, a conductive layer 453, and a plug 472.
- An insulating layer 464 and an insulating layer 432 are provided so as to cover the conductive layer 453, and the transistor 420 is provided over the insulating layer 432.
- the transistor 420 functions as a transistor for controlling current flowing in the light-emitting element.
- the transistor 430 functions as a selection transistor for controlling the selection state of the pixel.
- the transistor 410 functions as a transistor that forms a driver circuit for driving a pixel.
- the area occupied by pixels can be further reduced, and a high-definition display device can be realized.
- 18A and 18B are perspective views of the display module.
- a display module 480 illustrated in FIG. 18A includes the display device 400 and an FPC 490.
- the display device 400 any of the display devices 200A to 200D shown in FIGS. 14 to 17 can be applied.
- the display module 480 includes a substrate 401 and a substrate 371.
- the display module 480 includes a display unit 481.
- FIG. 18B is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 401 side.
- the display portion 481 has a structure in which a circuit portion 482, a pixel circuit portion 483, and a pixel portion 484 are stacked in this order on a substrate 401.
- a terminal portion 485 for connecting to the FPC 490 is provided on the substrate 401 outside the display portion 481.
- the terminal portion 485 and the circuit portion 482 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 486 configured by a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel portion 484 includes a plurality of pixels 484a arranged in a matrix. An enlarged view of one pixel 484a is shown on the right side of FIG.
- the pixel 484a has four subpixels of R (red), G (green), B (blue), and W (white).
- the pixel circuit portion 483 includes a plurality of pixel circuits 483a arranged in a matrix.
- One pixel circuit 483a is a circuit that controls light emission of four subpixels included in one pixel 484a.
- One pixel circuit 483a may be provided with four circuits for controlling light emission of one sub-pixel.
- the pixel circuit 483a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitor for each subpixel. At this time, a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to one of the source and the drain.
- an active matrix display device is realized.
- the circuit portion 482 includes a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 483a of the pixel circuit portion 483.
- an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be included.
- the FPC 490 functions as a wiring for supplying a video signal and a power supply potential to the circuit portion 482 from the outside.
- An IC may be mounted on the FPC 490.
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 481 can be extremely increased.
- the aperture ratio of the display portion 481 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 484a can be arranged with extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 481 can be extremely high.
- the pixel 484a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and further preferably 6000 ppi or more and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- the high-definition display module 480 can be suitably used for a VR (Virtual Reality) device such as a head-mounted display or a glasses-type AR (Augmented Reality) device. Even when the high-definition display module 480 is used in a device that visually recognizes the display unit through a lens, the pixel of the display unit enlarged by the lens is not easily viewed by the user, and a highly immersive display can be performed.
- the display module 480 can be preferably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion. For example, it can be suitably used for a display unit of a wearable electronic device such as a smart watch.
- FIG. 19A shows a block diagram of a pixel.
- the pixel of this embodiment includes a memory in addition to a switching transistor (Switching Tr), a driving transistor (Driving Tr), and a light emitting element (OLED).
- switching Tr switching transistor
- driving Tr driving transistor
- OLED light emitting element
- Data DATA_W is supplied to the memory.
- data DATA_W is supplied to the pixels in addition to the display data DATA.
- the gate voltage V g of the driving transistor can be expressed by Expression (1).
- V w V data
- V g V data
- a voltage larger than V data is applied to V g , and a larger current can flow. That is, the current flowing through the light emitting element is increased and the luminance is increased.
- FIG. 19B shows a specific circuit diagram of a pixel.
- a pixel illustrated in FIG. 19B includes a transistor M1, a transistor M2, a transistor M3, a transistor M4, a transistor M5, a capacitor Cs, a capacitor Cw, and a light-emitting element 124.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor M1 is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor Cw.
- the other electrode of the capacitor Cw is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M4.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor M4 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor M2.
- the gate of the transistor M2 is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor Cs.
- the other electrode of the capacitor Cs is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M2.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor M2 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M5.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor M5 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M3.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M5 is electrically connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 124.
- Each transistor illustrated in FIG. 19B includes a back gate electrically connected to the gate; however, connection of the back gate is not limited thereto. In addition, a back gate is not necessarily provided for the transistor.
- a node to which the other electrode of the capacitor Cw, one of the source and drain of the transistor M4, the gate of the transistor M2, and one electrode of the capacitor Cs are connected is referred to as a node NM.
- a node to which the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M5 and one electrode of the light emitting element 124 are connected is a node NA.
- a gate of the transistor M1 is electrically connected to the wiring G1.
- a gate of the transistor M3 is electrically connected to the wiring G1.
- a gate of the transistor M4 is electrically connected to the wiring G2.
- a gate of the transistor M5 is electrically connected to the wiring G3.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M1 is electrically connected to the wiring DATA.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M3 is electrically connected to the wiring V0.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M4 is electrically connected to the wiring DATA_W.
- the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M2 is electrically connected to the power supply line 127 (high potential).
- the other electrode of the light emitting element 124 is electrically connected to the common wiring 129. Note that an arbitrary potential can be supplied to the common wiring 129.
- the wirings G1, G2, and G3 can function as signal lines for controlling the operation of the transistors.
- the wiring DATA can function as a signal line for supplying an image signal to the pixel.
- the wiring DATA_W can function as a signal line for writing data to the memory circuit MEM.
- the wiring DATA_W can function as a signal line for supplying a correction signal to the pixel.
- the wiring V0 has a function as a monitor line for acquiring the electrical characteristics of the transistor M4. In addition, writing of an image signal can be stabilized by supplying a specific potential from the wiring V0 to one electrode of the capacitor Cs through the transistor M3.
- the transistor M2, the transistor M4, and the capacitor Cw constitute a memory circuit MEM.
- the node NM is a storage node, and the signal supplied to the wiring DATA_W can be written to the node NM by turning on the transistor M4.
- the potential of the node NM can be held for a long time.
- the transistor M4 for example, a transistor using a metal oxide in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor) can be used. Accordingly, the off-state current of the transistor M4 can be extremely reduced, and the potential of the node NM can be held for a long time. At this time, an OS transistor is preferably used for the other transistors included in the pixel.
- Embodiment 1 can be referred to for specific examples of the metal oxide.
- the OS transistor Since the OS transistor has a large energy gap, it exhibits extremely low off-state current characteristics. In addition, the OS transistor has characteristics different from those of a transistor having Si in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor) such as impact ionization, avalanche breakdown, and short channel effect, and forms a highly reliable circuit. can do.
- a Si transistor a transistor having Si in a channel formation region
- a Si transistor may be applied to the transistor M4. At this time, it is preferable to use Si transistors for the other transistors constituting the pixel.
- a transistor including amorphous silicon a transistor including crystalline silicon (typically low-temperature polysilicon), a transistor including single crystal silicon, and the like can be given.
- One pixel may include both an OS transistor and a Si transistor.
- a signal written to the node NM is capacitively coupled to an image signal supplied from the wiring DATA and can be output to the node NA.
- the transistor M1 can have a function of selecting a pixel.
- the transistor M5 can function as a switch that controls light emission of the light-emitting element 124.
- the transistor M2 when the signal written from the wiring DATA_W to the node NM is larger than the threshold voltage (V th ) of the transistor M2, the transistor M2 is turned on before the image signal is written, and the light-emitting element 124 emits light. Therefore, it is preferable that the transistor M5 be provided and the transistor M5 be turned on after the potential of the node NM is determined, so that the light-emitting element 124 emits light.
- the correction signal can be added to the supplied image signal. Since the correction signal may be attenuated by an element on the transmission path, it is preferable to generate the correction signal in consideration of the attenuation.
- Vp correction signal
- This operation may be performed for each frame, and at least should be written once before supplying the image signal. Further, a refresh operation may be performed as appropriate, and the same correction signal may be rewritten to the node NM.
- This operation is a reset operation for performing a subsequent capacitive coupling operation.
- the light emitting element 124 emits light in the previous frame.
- the reset operation causes the potential of the node NM to change and the current flowing through the light emitting element 124 to change, so that the transistor M5 is turned off. It is preferable to stop the light emission of the light emitting element 124.
- the transistor M1 is turned on and the capacitor Cw By the capacitive coupling, the potential of the wiring DATA is added to the potential of the node NM. That is, the node NM has a potential (Vs + Vp) obtained by adding the correction signal (Vp) to the image signal (Vs).
- the above is the operation for correcting the image signal (Vs) and the operation for making the light emitting element 124 emit light.
- the correction signal (Vp) writing operation and the image signal (Vs) input operation described above may be performed continuously, but the image signal is written after writing the correction signal (Vp) to all pixels. It is preferable to perform an input operation of (Vs).
- the operation speed can be improved by writing the correction signal (Vp) to all the pixels first.
- the light emitting element by causing the light emitting element to emit light using the image signal and the correction signal, the current flowing through the light emitting element can be increased, and high luminance can be expressed. Since a voltage higher than the output voltage of the source driver can be applied as the gate voltage of the driving transistor, the power consumption of the source driver can be reduced.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in the display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has high display quality and low power consumption.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be easily increased in definition and size. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- full high vision, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher resolution video can be displayed on the display portion of the electronic device of this embodiment.
- Examples of the electronic device include a digital device in addition to an electronic device having a relatively large screen, such as a television device, a desktop or notebook personal computer, a monitor for a computer, a large game machine such as a digital signage or a pachinko machine.
- Examples include a camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, and a sound reproducing device.
- the electronic device of this embodiment can be incorporated along a curved surface of an inner wall or an outer wall of a house or a building, or an interior or exterior of an automobile.
- the electronic device of this embodiment may include an antenna. By receiving a signal with an antenna, video, information, and the like can be displayed on the display unit.
- the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage. , Power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared measurement function).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for executing various software (programs), and wireless communication A function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like can be provided.
- FIG. 21A illustrates an example of a television device.
- a display portion 7000 is incorporated in a housing 7101.
- a structure in which the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
- the television device 7100 illustrated in FIG. 21A can be operated with an operation switch included in the housing 7101 or a separate remote controller 7111.
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may include a display unit that displays information output from the remote controller 7111. Channels and volume can be operated with an operation key or a touch panel included in the remote controller 7111, and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- a general television broadcast can be received by the receiver.
- information communication is performed in one direction (from the sender to the receiver) or in two directions (between the sender and the receiver or between the receivers). It is also possible.
- FIG. 21B illustrates an example of a laptop personal computer.
- a laptop personal computer 7200 includes a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- a display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
- FIG. 21C and FIG. 21D illustrate an example of digital signage.
- a digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 21C includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7000, a speaker 7303, and the like. Furthermore, an LED lamp, operation keys (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like can be provided.
- FIG. 21D illustrates a digital signage 7400 attached to a columnar column 7401.
- the digital signage 7400 includes a display portion 7000 provided along the curved surface of the column 7401.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at one time.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more easily noticeable to the human eye.
- the advertising effect can be enhanced.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only an image or a moving image is displayed on the display unit 7000, but also a user can operate intuitively, which is preferable. In addition, when it is used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be improved by an intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can be linked to the information terminal 7311 such as a smartphone or the information terminal 7411 owned by the user by wireless communication.
- the information terminal 7311 such as a smartphone or the information terminal 7411 owned by the user by wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411.
- the display on the display unit 7000 can be switched by operating the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 as an operation means (controller). Thereby, an unspecified number of users can participate and enjoy the game at the same time.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram illustrating the appearance of the camera 8000 with the viewfinder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 includes a housing 8001, a display portion 8002, operation buttons 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- the camera 8000 is attached with a detachable lens 8006. Note that in the camera 8000, the lens 8006 and the housing may be integrated.
- the camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing a shutter button 8004 or touching a display portion 8002 that functions as a touch panel.
- a housing 8001 has a mount having electrodes, and can be connected to a stroboscopic device or the like in addition to the finder 8100.
- the viewfinder 8100 includes a housing 8101, a display portion 8102, a button 8103, and the like.
- the housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by a mount that engages with the mount of the camera 8000.
- the viewfinder 8100 can display a video or the like received from the camera 8000 on the display portion 8102.
- the button 8103 has a function as a power button or the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100.
- a camera 8000 with a built-in finder may be used.
- FIG. 22B is a diagram illustrating the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- the head mounted display 8200 includes a mounting portion 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display portion 8204, a cable 8205, and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201.
- a cable 8205 supplies power from the battery 8206 to the main body 8203.
- a main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver and the like, and can display received video information on a display portion 8204.
- the main body 8203 includes a camera, and can use information on the movement of the user's eyeballs and eyelids as input means.
- the mounting portion 8201 may have a function of recognizing the line of sight by providing a plurality of electrodes that can detect a current flowing along with the movement of the user's eyeball at a position where the user touches the user. Moreover, you may have a function which monitors a user's pulse with the electric current which flows into the said electrode.
- the wearing unit 8201 may include various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and the function of displaying the user's biological information on the display unit 8204 and the movement of the user's head. It may have a function of changing the video displayed on the display portion 8204 in accordance with the above.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8204.
- FIG. 22C, 22D, and 22E are views showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- FIG. The head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301, a display portion 8302, a band-shaped fixture 8304, and a pair of lenses 8305.
- the user can view the display on the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305.
- the display portion 8302 be provided in a curved shape because the user can feel high presence. Further, by viewing another image displayed in a different area of the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305, three-dimensional display using parallax or the like can be performed.
- the present invention is not limited to the configuration in which one display unit 8302 is provided, and two display units 8302 may be provided, and one display unit may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302. Since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has extremely high definition, the pixel is hardly visible to the user even when the display is enlarged using the lens 8305 as illustrated in FIG. In other words, the display portion 8302 can be used to make the user visually recognize a highly realistic image.
- An electronic device illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23F includes a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007 (force , Displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration , Including a function of measuring odor or infrared light), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23F have various functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for controlling processing by various software (programs), A wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing a program or data recorded in a recording medium, and the like can be provided. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- a camera or the like has a function of shooting a still image or a moving image and saving it in a recording medium (externally or built in the camera), a function of displaying the shot image on a display unit, etc. Good.
- FIGS. 23A to 23F Details of the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23F are described below.
- FIG. 23A is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9101.
- the portable information terminal 9101 can be used as a smartphone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may include a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the portable information terminal 9101 can display characters and image information on the plurality of surfaces.
- FIG. 23A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed. Further, information 9051 indicated by a broken-line rectangle can be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001.
- the information 9051 there are notifications of incoming e-mails, SNSs, telephone calls, etc., titles of e-mails, SNSs, etc., sender names, date / time, time, remaining battery level, and antenna reception strength.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at a position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 23B is a perspective view showing the portable information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more surfaces of the display portion 9001.
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different planes.
- the user can check the information 9053 displayed at a position where the portable information terminal 9102 can be observed from above with the portable information terminal 9102 stored in a chest pocket of clothes. The user can confirm the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine whether to receive a call, for example.
- FIG. 23C is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch, for example.
- the display portion 9001 is provided with a curved display surface, and can perform display along the curved display surface.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can make a hands-free call by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can perform data transmission and charging with another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power feeding.
- FIG. 23D, 23E, and 23F are perspective views illustrating a foldable portable information terminal 9201.
- FIG. 23D shows a state where the portable information terminal 9201 is unfolded
- FIG. 23F shows a folded state
- FIG. 23E changes from one of FIGS. 23D and 23F to the other. It is a perspective view of the state in the middle of doing.
- the portable information terminal 9201 is excellent in portability in the folded state and excellent in display listability due to a seamless wide display area in the expanded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055.
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm to 150 mm.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図1~図13を用いて説明する。
図1(A)に、発光素子110W及び発光素子110aを有する表示装置を示す。
図2(A)、図2(B)に画素130の上面図の一例を示す。図2(A)に示す画素130は、1行4列に並ぶ副画素を有する。図2(B)に示す画素130は、2行2列に並ぶ副画素を有する。
図3(A)~図3(E)に、半透過層116の上面レイアウトの例を示す。
次に、図2(C)に示す表示装置に構成要素を加えた例を、図4(A)~図4(C)に示す。なお、図2(C)で説明した構成要素については、説明を省略する。
次に、本実施の形態の表示装置のより具体的な構成について図5~図8を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様では、タッチセンサが搭載された表示装置(以下、タッチパネルとも記す)を作製することができる。図9~図11を用いて、タッチパネルの構成例を説明する。
次に、表示装置に用いることができるトランジスタについて、説明する。
半導体層には、酸化物半導体として機能する金属酸化物を用いることが好ましい。以下では、半導体層に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図14~図18を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、図19及び図20を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図21~図23を用いて説明する。
Claims (11)
- 第1の画素電極、第2の画素電極、発光層、共通電極、第1の保護層、及び半透過層を有し、
前記発光層は、前記第1の画素電極上に位置する第1の領域と、前記第2の画素電極上に位置する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記共通電極は、前記発光層上に位置し、
前記第1の保護層は、前記共通電極上に位置し、
前記半透過層は、前記第1の保護層上に位置し、
前記半透過層の可視光に対する反射性は、前記共通電極の可視光に対する反射性よりも高く、
前記半透過層は、前記第1の領域と重ならず、
前記半透過層は、前記第2の領域と重なる、表示装置。 - 第1の画素電極、第2の画素電極、発光層、共通電極、第1の保護層、及び半透過層を有し、
前記発光層は、前記第1の画素電極上に位置する第1の領域と、前記第2の画素電極上に位置する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記共通電極は、前記発光層上に位置し、
前記第1の保護層は、前記共通電極上に位置し、
前記半透過層は、前記第1の保護層上に位置し、
前記半透過層の可視光に対する反射性は、前記共通電極の可視光に対する反射性よりも高く、
前記半透過層は、前記第1の領域と重なる位置に開口を有し、
前記半透過層は、前記第2の領域と重なる、表示装置。 - 請求項1または2において、
さらに、第2の保護層を有し、
前記第2の保護層は、前記第1の領域と重なる領域において、前記第1の保護層と接し、かつ、前記第2の領域と重なる領域において、前記半透過層と接する、表示装置。 - 請求項1または2において、
さらに、可視光を透過する導電層及び第2の保護層を有し、
前記可視光を透過する導電層は、前記共通電極上に位置し、
前記第2の保護層は、前記可視光を透過する導電層上に位置し、
前記可視光を透過する導電層は、前記共通電極と接する領域と、前記半透過層と接する領域と、前記第1の保護層と前記第2の保護層との間に位置する領域と、前記第1の保護層と前記半透過層との間に位置する領域と、を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一において、
さらに、第1の光学調整層及び第2の光学調整層を有し、
前記第1の光学調整層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記発光層との間に位置し、
前記第2の光学調整層は、前記第2の画素電極と前記発光層との間に位置し、
前記第1の画素電極及び前記第2の画素電極は、それぞれ、可視光に対する反射性を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一において、
さらに、第1の反射層、第2の反射層、第1の光学調整層、及び第2の光学調整層を有し、
前記第1の光学調整層は、前記第1の反射層上に位置し、
前記第2の光学調整層は、前記第2の反射層上に位置し、
前記第1の画素電極は、前記第1の光学調整層上に位置し、
前記第2の画素電極は、前記第2の光学調整層上に位置し、
前記第1の画素電極及び前記第2の画素電極は、それぞれ、可視光に対する透過性を有する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一において、
さらに、着色層を有し、
前記着色層は、前記第1の保護層上に位置し、かつ、前記第2の領域と重なる、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一において、
さらに、第3の画素電極を有し、
前記発光層は、さらに、前記第3の画素電極上に位置する第3の領域を有し、
前記半透過層は、前記第2の領域と重なる第4の領域と、前記第3の領域と重なる第5の領域と、を有し、
前記第4の領域の厚さは、前記第5の領域の厚さと異なる、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一において、
さらに、トランジスタ、絶縁層、第1の導電層、及び第2の導電層を有し、
前記第1の導電層及び前記第2の導電層は、それぞれ、前記トランジスタが有する電極と同一の材料を有し、
前記トランジスタは、前記絶縁層の第1の開口を介して、前記第1の画素電極と電気的に接続され、
前記共通電極は、前記絶縁層の第2の開口を介して、前記第1の導電層と電気的に接続され、
前記半透過層は、前記絶縁層の第3の開口を介して、前記第2の導電層と電気的に接続され、
前記第3の開口は、前記第2の開口よりも、前記表示装置の外側に位置する、表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、コネクタまたは集積回路と、を有する、表示モジュール。
- 請求項10に記載の表示モジュールと、
アンテナ、バッテリ、筐体、カメラ、スピーカ、マイク、及び操作ボタンのうち、少なくとも一つと、を有する、電子機器。
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CN201980029899.0A CN112074894B (zh) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | 显示装置、显示模块及电子设备 |
US17/052,231 US11587981B2 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | Display device including a semi-transmissive layer |
CN202310429414.5A CN116347951A (zh) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | 显示装置、显示模块及电子设备 |
KR1020247017597A KR20240095295A (ko) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | 표시 장치, 표시 모듈, 및 전자 기기 |
JP2020517625A JP7399081B2 (ja) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | 表示装置、表示モジュール、及び電子機器 |
KR1020207034577A KR102671922B1 (ko) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-04-29 | 표시 장치, 표시 모듈, 및 전자 기기 |
US18/110,924 US20230209944A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2023-02-17 | Display device, display module, and electronic device |
JP2023205076A JP2024023537A (ja) | 2018-05-11 | 2023-12-05 | 表示装置 |
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US18/110,924 Continuation US20230209944A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2023-02-17 | Display device, display module, and electronic device |
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JP2024023537A (ja) | 2024-02-21 |
KR20210006409A (ko) | 2021-01-18 |
KR20240095295A (ko) | 2024-06-25 |
CN116347951A (zh) | 2023-06-27 |
US11587981B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 |
US20230209944A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
JP7399081B2 (ja) | 2023-12-15 |
US20210143227A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
CN112074894A (zh) | 2020-12-11 |
JPWO2019215538A1 (ja) | 2021-07-08 |
KR102671922B1 (ko) | 2024-06-05 |
CN112074894B (zh) | 2023-05-12 |
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